Book 1 unit 2 词性转换
一．词性
official adj & n 官员n n 军官
fluent adj adv n
frequent adj adv n
express vt n
impress vt n adj
east n adj adv 向东
base vt basis n bases 复数basic adj
spell v n
identity n identify vt 同一；辨别n →identification identical adj 同一的recognize vt recognition n
二．练习
1. is the bright light in the sky that you see during a thunder weather. ( light )
2. He is surprised to see that our hometown develop so . ( rapid )
3. He looked calm, but he was very nervous. ( actual )
4. Do you like the films by Zhang Y imou? He is a well—known Chinese . ( direct )
5. Go straight for three _________, and you can find the shop on your left. (block)
6. The Government plays an important part in _________the city more and more beautiful,(make)
7．The language _________ by them is different from ours, (speak)
8．_________ with people who are deaf is difficult. (communicate)
9. Can you tell me the _________ between American English and British English? (different)
10.We often look up new words and_________ in the dictionary. (express)
11. They will send you the book for $2.75, postage _________. (include)
12. The government gave an statement that the officer would be put into prison. ( office )
13. Mr Li, who speaks English , says that develops gradually over time and practice. ( fluent )
14. His facial suggest that he’s quite satisfied with the result and he always
things in this way. ( express )
15. He called himself Chris but his name is John. He has never met Chris. ( actual )
16. The group of monks from the and heading back . (east)
If you want to see the sun rise, watch the ( east ) sky at dawn.
17. Do you like the films by Zhang Yimou? He is a well—known Chinese
. ( direct )
18. The band played many songs, some of my favorite. ( include )
19. It is to turn your back on someone who is speaking to you. He was famous for his . ( polite )
20. The children are taught to respect different . The orchestra is very important for the life of the city. ( culture )
21. ( ignore ) the child if he doesn’t behave well, and he will soon stop.
22. How long will it take ( go ) through the whole progamme?
23. Professor Jones is ( recognize ) authority ( 权威) on European economy （经济）.
24. The general commanded that his troops ( attack ) the enemy at once.
25. It was the first time I ( settle ) on a solution to such difficult problems.
26. It is no pleasure ( read ) those badly—invented stories.
27. Many people are interested in everything ( do ) with UFO.
28. As you know, a car is ( use ) without petrol.
29. She has been ill for years. And now her health is ( gradual ) improving. 二．选词填空，并用正确的形式
1. Tom can speak five languages, German and French.
2. He looked calm, but facts.
3. His conclusions (结论) facts.
4. I was born in China. My language is Chinese.
5. We have made such great progress your help.
6. Y ou should call me at once if anything .
7. Now solar energy (太阳能) is widely .
8. Tom has made great progress in his English and now he speaks English.
9. He advised me to my temper .
10. We are badly in need of teachers .
11. Tom has made great progress in his English and now he speaks English . 三．介词
1. When Americans moved one place another, they took their dialects them.
2. production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
3. I know nothing about the young lady that she is from Beijing.
4. A lot of questions came at yesterday’s meeting.
5. The manager told his secretary to find when the train to Beijing leaves.
6. To their disappointment, I couldn’t communicate them; the radio didn’t work at that time.
7. Jim and I have been classmates since we’re in primary school. And now I think he’s quite different what he was 8 years ago.
8. My uncle managed to build his business in Shanghai in the end.
9. A large number world famous paintings are on show in this museum.
10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role to play making the earth a better place to live.
11. The Blacks like traveling and they have traveled all the world.
四．语法填空
In the movie Cast A way, Tom Hanks plays a man named Chunk Noland. Chuck is a businessman. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean 1 suddenly his plane crashes. Chuck survives the crash and lands on a 2 ( desert vt荒弃)
island.
On the island, Chuck has to learn to survive all alone. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. In order to survive, Chuck develops a 3
（friend ）with an unusual friend ------ a volleyball he calls Wilson.
Chuck learns a lot about himself when he is alone on the island. He realizes that he hasn’t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking 4 himself. During his five years on the island, Chuck learns how to be a good friend to Wilson. 5 though Wilson is just a volleyball, he becomes fond of him. He talks to him and treats him as a friend. Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important 6
( have ) someone to care about. He 7 learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
A volleyball is certainly an unusual friend. Most of our friends are human beings, but we also make friends 8 animals and even things. For example, many of us have pets, and we all have 9 ( favor ) objects such as a lucky pen or a diary. The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all other people 10 have unusual friends is that friends are teachers.
五．根据首字母写单词
1. His classmates could hardly r him because he’s changed so much.
2. Judging by his a , he is from Australia.
3. A flash of bright l was followed by loud thunder.
4. He didn’t stop in Hong Kong and flew s to London.
5. Besides words and e , people use body languages to show their feelings.
6. Of the two choices, I prefer the l .
7. The government will make an o announcement (宣布) in a day or two.
8. The thirsty girl made a r for some water.
一．1. lightning 2. rapidly 3. actually 4. Directed ; director ;5.blocks ;6. making ; 7. spoken ; 8. communication ; 9. differences; 10. expression ;11. included12. official ; official 13. fluently ; fluency 14. expressions ; expresses 15. actual ; actually 16. east ;eastward ; eastern 17. directed ; director 18. including 19. impolite ; politeness 20. cultures ; cultural 21. Ignore 22. to go 23. recognized 24. should attack 25. had settled 26. reading 27. to do 28. useless 29. gradually
二．1. such as 2. actually 3. are / were based on 4. native 5. because of 6. comes up 7. made use of 8. fluent 9. command 10. at present 11. fluently
三．1. from , to , with 2. With 3. except 4. up 5. out 6. with 7. from 8. up 9. of 10. in 11. over 四．1. when 2. deserted 3. friendship 4. about 5. Even 6. to have 7. also 8. with 9. favorite 10. who 五．1. recognize 2. accent 3. lightning 4. straight 5. expressions 6. latter 7. official 8. request
词性转换总结与归纳 动词变名词 announce—announcement通知 equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材(不可名) settle—settlement定居，安定 achieve---achievement 成就 amuse--amusement 娱乐 manage---management 经营管理 advertise--- advertisement广告 agree— agreement同意disgree—disagreement不同意 argue---argument争吵commit—commitment奉献 develop---development发展 govern 统治—government 政府 describe—description描写，描绘erupt—eruption爆发 affect—affection影响 satisfy—satisfaction满意，满足select—selection挑选，选择
permit—permission允许admit—admission承认，允许invite—invitation 邀请，请帖devote—devotion献身，专注apply—application申请，申请书produce—production生产，产品protect—protection保护 educate-----education教育consider—consideration考虑attract—attraction 吸引力，吸引instruct—instruction 指导，介绍discuss—discussion 讨论appreciate—appreciation感激，欣赏recognize—recognition认出conclude—conclusion 结论 decide----decision 决定compete—competition比赛 express 表达----expression 词语；表达方式graduate 毕业—graduation operate—operation操作，动手术organize----organization 组织imagine—imagination 想象力
第六单元词类转换翻译法作业 1. I had the impression that your brother was the director of the company. 2. He was a regular visitor. 3. A successful scientist must be a good observer. 4. Telecommunication means so much in modern life that without it our life would be impossible. 5. He is full in vigor, but fails in carefulness. 6. Party officials worked hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 7. When the switch is off . the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through .
参考答案 1. 在我的印象中, 你哥哥是那家公司的董事长。 2. 他以前经常来。 3. 一个成功的科学家一定善于观察。 4. 电信在现代生活中的意义十分重大, 没有它就不可能有我们现在的生活。 5. 他劲头十足, 但不够仔细。 6. 党的干部吃简陋的饮食, 住寒冷的窑洞, 靠微弱的灯光, 长时间地工作。 7. 当开关断开时, 电路就形成开路, 电流不能通过。 课后练习
1. The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。（名词转为动词） 2. In those years the Republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。（形容词转为动词） 3. Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 每天早上，她都要到湖区去散步。（名词转为动词） 4. The music is a gas. 这音乐妙极了.〔名词转为形容词） 5. The delegates at the conference unanimously expressed their determination to oppose hegemonism on the part of the two superpowers. 会上，代表们一致表示坚决地反对两个超级大国的霸权主义。（名词转为副词) 6. My suggestion is that he should quit somking at once. 我建议他立刻戒烟.（由于原文中的主语转译成了谓语，原文主语前的定语也相应地转译成主语.） 7. A week after his prelude to the President's visit, China was in。 在他为总统出访所作的序幕之行后一周，中国成了最时新的话题。（形容词转为名词〕 8. Official Moscow is going to object the proposal. 莫斯科官方准备反对此项提议．（形容词转为名词） 9．Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那时已受挫折（形容词转为动词） 10. We have known a simila r past of humiliation and exploitation. 在过去。我们都同样遭受到凌辱和剥削。（形容词转为副词） 11. Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。（动词转为名词) 12. Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。（名词转为动词） 13. I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感谢父亲，因为在我小时侯他总是不断地鼓励我。 14. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫穷(介词转为动词) 15. He came to my home for help 他来到我家,请求帮忙(介词转为动词) 16. At noon, she came home for lunch. 中午,她回家吃午饭。（介词转为动词） 17. The people are with him. 人民拥护他. (系动词be+介词转为行为动词) 18. The woman, with her two daughters, arrived. 这妇女带着她的两个女儿到了。（系动词be＋介词转为行为动词） 19. He was away before dawn. 他在黎明前出发的〔系动词be＋副词转为行为动词〕 20. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 它们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。（副词转为形容词）
英语知识 在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如：汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词；汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词；汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。其中，汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。高校常用的翻译教材，如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。请看以下各例： 例1．中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。 如不注意词性转换，译文可能是： The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 这种译文显得有些口语化，不够庄重。不如改用抽象名词non-use: The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 例2．禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。 译文一：To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets. 译文二：To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets. 以上译文一使用split , incite, steal 等动词虽然语义正确，但似乎不够庄重。译文二使用抽象名词，因而显得文字严谨，适合正式法律条文的风格。 例3．技术引进合同应当订明下列事项：引进技术的保密义务，改进技术的归属和分享。 译文一：Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential the
考研英语翻译要诀之词性转换 来自：Smile 2016-11-13 13:01:09 |阅读原文 在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能用"一个萝卜一个坑"的方法来逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要词类转换和结构转换，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。 转换成动词 1、名词转换成动词 经典例题: Interest in historical methods has arisen，less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 分析:interest在原文中是名词，而在译文中为了符合中文的表达方式，在不改变意思的前提下，将它改成动词。 参考译文: 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学科。 经典例题: With the click of a mouse，information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven_and_a_half times around the earth per second. 参考译文: 只要一点鼠标，来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 2、形容词转换成动词
中考英语常用词性转换 1．able a. 能够，有能力的ability n..能力，才能 2. act v. 扮演 n..表演active a.积极地，主动地 activity n. 活动 actor n.男 演actress n. 女演员 3．add a. 加上addition n. 加 4.age n.时代，年龄aged a.有…….之年岁的 5.America n.美国American a.美国的，美国人 6.air n.空气air-conditioner n.空调 airline n.航线 7．angry a.生气的angrily adv.生气地 8.any a..一些，什么，任何的，任意的anybody/anyone pron.任何人 anything pron.任何事anywhere adv.任何地方 9.art n,艺术article n.文章 artist n,艺术家 10.attract v. 吸引attraction n.吸引，吸引力，吸引物attractive a..有吸引力的 11.Austraila n.澳大利亚Australian a.澳大利亚的 n.澳大利亚人 12.beautiful a.美丽的beautifully adv.优美的 13.begin(began-begun) v.开始beginning n.开始 14.bright a.明亮的brightly adv.明亮地 15.Britain n.不列颠British n.英国人 a.英国的 16. build(built-built) v.建造building n.建筑物 17.busy a.忙碌的business n.商业 businessman n..商人 businesswoman n.女商人 18.Cananda n.加拿大Canadian n.加拿大 a.加拿大的 19.care n& v. 小心careful a.小心的carefully adv.小心地 20.certain a..一定的certainly adv.一定 21.change n.变幻，找头，零钱 v.改变，更改，兑零钱changeable a.易变的 exchange v.交换 22．chemistry n.化学chemical a.化学的 n.化学物质 23.China n.中国Chinese a.中国的 n.中国人，汉语 24.choose(chose-chosen) v.选择choice n..选择 25.city n.城市citizen n.市民 26.class n.班级classmate n.同学 classroom n..教室 27.clean v.打扫 a. 干净的clear a.清晰的 v. 清除clearly adv.清晰地 28.cloud n.云cloudy a.多云 29.collect v.收集collection n.收集 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6115253170.html,pete v.比较competition n.竞赛 31.custom n.习惯，习俗customer n.顾客
词类转换翻译法 在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。 一、名词的转译 1.英语名词转译成动词 由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。 【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。 【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。 【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people. ×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。 【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。 【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws. ×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。 【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing. 【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。 【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him. ×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。 【译文】他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。 1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。 ·The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。 ·Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal. 到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。 ·Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。 2) 含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。 ·Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。 ·A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument
动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise---advertisement advertising agree— agreement argue---argument争吵announce --- announcement 通知amuse--- amusement 娱乐commit奉献—commitment develop---development disgree—disagreement equip装备---equipment装备，器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理settle--- settlement 定居 2．V+ tion 结尾以t, te, de, 结尾的动词常去E 或直接加ion admit 承认—admission attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人；令人向往的地方 conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition竞争，比赛discuss—discussion 讨论educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写，描绘organize----organization imagine—imagination 想象力introduce—introduction 介绍instruct—instruction 指导，介绍invent—inventor / invention illustrate 阐明，举例说明--illustration invite—invitation inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心-----resolution 决心impress 给人印象—impression 印象 permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议，暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法 3．V+ ance 结尾 allow—allowance 允许appear—appearance 外貌，出现perform----performance 演出exist—existance 存在 4．V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾，结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语 5．V+ 其他 beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐 sit--seat 座位
任务型阅读常用词汇词性转换 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就 advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree— agreement apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue---argument争吵 commit奉献—commitment develop---development disgree—disagreement department 局，部 experiment 实验，试验 equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材 govern 统治—government 政府 manage---management 经营管理 2．V+ tion 结尾 admit 承认—admis sion attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人；令人向往的地方conclude—conclusion 结论 compete—competition 竞争，比赛 discuss—discussion 讨论 educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写，描绘 express 表达----expression 词语；表达方式 graduate 毕业—graduation operate 操作，动手术—operation organize----organization imagine—imagination 想象力 introduce—introduction 介绍 instruct—instruction 指导，介绍 invent—inventor / invention invite—invitation pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation impress 给人印象—impression 印象 permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议，暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法 3．V+ ance 结尾
英语词性转换 1. 名词变形容词 （a）在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词（尤其是一些与天气有关的名词）例如：rain—rainy，cloud—cloudy，wind—windy，snow—snowy， health—healthy，luck—lucky，anger—angry guilt—guilty（内疚的）tourist—touristy（游客多的），salt （盐）—salty （咸的） silk（丝绸）—silky（丝绸般的），sleep—sleepy （昏昏欲睡的） 注意：1）如果以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写辅音字母再加“-y”。如：sun—sunny，fun—funny，fog—foggy（有雾的），fur—furry（毛皮的） 2）少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加“-y”。 如：noise—noisy，ice—icy，shine—shiny（发亮的），taste（口味）—tasty（甜的）（b）名词后面加-ed，以e结尾的直接加d。 例如：spot（斑点）—spotted（有斑点的）；talent—talented （有天赋的）organize—organized 有组织的；balance—balanced（平衡的） （c）一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词 例如：care—careful，thank—thankful，help—helpful， use—useful，meaning—meaningful （d）在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词 例如：care—careless（粗心的），use—useless（无用的） hope—hopeless（没希望的），home—homeless（无家可归的） （e）一些以-ce结尾的名词，把-ce改为-t变成形容词 例如：difference—different，silence—silent，confidence—confident （f）。在名词后加-ly变为形容词 例如：friend—friendly，love—lovely，live---lively （g）。在名词后加-ous变为形容词 例如：danger—dangerous （h）名词后面加-al变为形容词 例如：music—musical；medicine—medical （这个比较特殊） （i）名词后面加-able变为形容词，如果以e结尾就去e再加“-able”。 例如：adjust—adjustable 可调整的value—valuable有价值的 （j）名词后面加-en变成形容词 例如：wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的 （k）一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese，-ish或-n构成表示国籍，语言的形容词 例如：China—Chinese，Japan—Japanese，England—English， America—American，India—Indian，Australia —Australian （注意Canada—Canadian）
动词变名词 + ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement词+ ed balance –balanced 平衡的 spot 斑点，地点----spotted 有斑点的talent-----talented 有天赋的organized 有组织的 distusted 厌恶的offended 生气的crowded 拥挤的polluted 被污染的pleased 高兴的 3．名词+ ful/less meaning—meaningful 有意义的care—careful/ careless 小心的；粗心的 help---helpful / helpless home—homeless 无家可归的 colour---colourful pain 疼痛---painful 痛苦的 use---useless/ useful thank—thankful 充满感激的 peace 和平---- peaceful 平静的，宁静的 playful 顽皮的，爱玩耍的 4．名词+ able adjustable 可调整的comfort---comfortable knowledge---knowledgeable suit 一套-----suitable 合适的 5.名词+ ous courage—courageous 勇敢的danger—dangerous mystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的变t confidence----confident difference---different dependence—dependent independence--independent 7. al 结尾 Addition—additional 附加的，额外的Class—classical 经典的 medicine 药----medical 医学的music---musical nature---natural 自然的 person---personal (私人的)nation—national 国家的 education---educational有教育意义的tradition----traditional 传统的 origin起源---original 新颖的；独创的grammar—grammatical 语法的globe—global 全球的 8．名词+ ly friend—friendly live---lively 活跃的，有生气的love—lovely 可爱的9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的 10. 其他 energy精力---energetic strategy—strategic 战略的 fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的，免费的height 高度—high illness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的 death---dead pleasure---pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性—popular
英汉互译时的词性转换 I.英语的名词转译成汉语的动词：英汉两种语言具有不同的辞语结构。在汉语里，一个句子可以有多个动词并排使用，不管有多少动词，都可以按照先后的顺序一个一个地排下去；而英语则是一门静止的语言，在同等条件下，选择用名词的情况居多数，例如： 1.在名词转译成动词的句子中： a.My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears on Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressures on her （我星期三发现妈妈在流眼泪而感到震惊、尴尬，这就表明我对妈妈所承受的压力知道的多么少。）在这个句子当中，shock ，embarrassment，index等等都是英语趋向于用名词而不用动词的最好例子 b.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion and they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. 他们一想到在公共场合穿不时髦的衣服，就感到浑身不自在，而一些商店和设计师们正是利用了他们的这种弱点。 c. As a boy and then as an adult，I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. （不论是在儿时还是长大以后，我一直都对爱因斯坦的人格感到很好奇。） d. Most of my friends live in the city，yet they are always in raptures at the mere mention of the country. 我的大多数朋友都住在城里，然而，他们只要一提起乡村就欣喜若狂。 e. The availability of information on the INTERNET，for example，widens the possibilities of informal education immensely. 比如，由于人们能在INTERNET网上得到信息，这就大大扩大了获得非正规教育的可能性。） 2.在一些特定结构中，如：介词+ 名词= 副词 It is wise of him to deal with the delicate problem with care and with calmness. 他很明智，在处理这一敏感问题时及尽仔细和谨慎 b. Einstein watched it in delight，trying to deduce the operating principle. 爱因斯坦很欣喜地看着它，想推断出其中的操作原理。 c. The soldier stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. （那个士兵很震惊地看着那个老农夫和女孩。） d. The old man looked closely at the row of puddings with great interest.
学号: 2009097311 哈尔滨师范大学 学士学位论文 题目词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻 译中的应用 学生刘婷婷 指导教师苏跃(副教授) 年级2007级 专业英语教育 系别英语教育系 学院西语学院
哈尔滨师范大学 学士学位论文开题报告 论文题目词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻 译中的应用 学生姓名刘婷婷 指导教师苏跃（副教授） 年级 2007级 15班 专业英语教育 2011年3 月
说明 本表需在指导教师和有关领导审查批准的情况下，要求学生认真填写。 说明课题的来源（自拟题目或指导教师承担的科研任务）、课题研究的目的和意义、课题在国内外研究现状和发展趋势。 若课题因故变动时，应向指导教师提出申请，提交题目变动论证报告。
课题来源： 教师指导下自拟题目 课题研究的目的和意义： 目的： 英汉两种语言在词汇和语法方面有一定的共同点，但差异也是明显的。例如，英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多。英语中的许多词，如名词、介词、形容词和副词在汉译时，往往可以译成动词。英语的词汇量很大，它吸收了大量的其他语言中的词汇，如法语、拉丁语、希腊语等。英语中的同义词和近义词很多，一词多义的现象非常普遍。同样，汉语中的同义词和近义词也十分丰富。汉语的词汇没有形态的变化，它主要靠词语、词序以及内在的逻辑关系来表达句子的含义。英语则通过词汇的各种形态变化来表达句子丰富多彩的语言关系和逻辑关系。由于英语和汉语在语法和表达习惯上存在很多差异，因此在翻译过程中有时必须改变原文中某些词句的词类或句子成分才能准确传达原文的意思。词类转译法就是实现这一目的的翻译方法。 意义： 翻译是一种跨文化的交流活动。翻译不仅是把一种文字用另外一种文字表达出来，而且还将两种不同的文化进行融合。英语和汉语在语法和词汇表达习惯上存在诸多差异，因此 在翻译过程中有时必须改变原文某些词句的词类或句子成分才能准确传达原文的意思。词类转译法就是实现这一目的的翻译方法之一，是翻译技巧中一个重要的组成部分。它的运用会直接影响到译文的质量。掌握了这种翻译技巧，会使译文更自然、更流畅、更符合汉语的表达习惯。只要我们不断学习，不断实践，注意观察，及时总结，我们就会在翻译的实践中逐步学会并掌握好词类转译法。 国内外同类课题研究现状及发展趋势： 国外： 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。语言是思维的外壳，人类的思维是由存在决定的，而客观存在是可以认识的，因此一种语言所表达的思维内容，用另一种语言重新表达出来也是完全可能的。早在1959年，雅各布森从符号学的观点出发，将翻译分为：语内翻译，语际翻译，符际翻译。但国外对此课题的研究不是特别的多，在词类转译法方面的研究还不充足。A.F. Tytler 曾在 E ssay on principles of traslation中，对词类转译法进行了透彻的分析。 国内： 翻译不仅是把一种文字用另一种文字表达出来, 而且还是两种不同的文化的融合。因此在英译汉时务必要注意一些翻译技巧, 来使两种不同的文化进行交融, 其中较为重要的是词类的转译，国内通过大量的例句说明了在英译汉时词类的转译法的一些技巧运用, 特别是不同词类转译成动词的用法, 强调了词类的转译法在翻译中的重要性。我国的翻译事业有约两千年的光辉灿烂历史，早在西汉哀帝时代，有个名叫伊存的人到中国口传一些简短的佛经经句，但谈不上佛经的翻译。约两千年的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，批判地吸收前人从实践中总结出来的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，发展我们的翻译事业。
谈翻译中的词性转换 【摘要】翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表述的思想准确而又完整地再次表述出来的语言实践活动。它能反映出一个语言学习者运用语言的综合能力。由于汉语和英语两种语言结构差异,表达方式的不同,侧重点的不同,使我们在翻译过程中不能采用逐字逐句的套用结构来进行翻译,本文从翻译中的词性转换入手,以帮助学习者掌握基本的词性转化规律,提高翻译技能。 【关键词】翻译词性词性转换 何谓词性转换?英译汉时,将英语的某一词类译成汉语的另一词类,如将英语的名词转译成汉语的动词,英语的动词转译成汉语的名词,英语的形容词转译成汉语的副词等,这种翻译方法叫做词性转换。 如何在翻译中很好地运用词性转换方法呢?由于汉语和英语的表达方式不同,侧重不同,我们不能采用逐字逐句的套用结构来进行翻译,为了使汉语的语言通顺,表达完整,有必要转换某些单词的词性,句子的成分,甚至可以转换句型。使用词性转换方法,不仅有利于在阅读过程中根据上下文猜测词义,加速阅读速度,提高英语阅读能力,而且有利于发展翻译技能,使翻译信息准确化和具体化,使翻译表达形象化和生动化,为了达到该目的,笔者提供以下几组词性转换模式,以帮助学习者掌握词性转化规律,提高翻译技能。 一、转译成汉语的动词 汉语中的动词使用频率比英语高,而且可以灵活多变,有时一个很短的句子里也会含有几个动词。例如:“我要做兼职工作,学习英语,与老同学聚会,这些占去了我暑假全部时间。”这句话里就有五处动词,可见,汉语动词的使用是很频繁的。 (一)把英语中的各类名词转译成汉语的动词,有以下几种情况: 1.动词派生的名词 His refusal to join us was quite unexpected. 我们万万没有想到他居然会拒绝加入到我们当中。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 2.有动作含义的名词 To my surprise, she has done it all by herself
develop---development 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree — agreement apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue---argume nt 争吵 commit 奉献一commitment compliment 称赞，恭维 2．V+ tion 结尾 admit 承认一admission attract 吸引一attraction 有吸引力的事或人; con clude — con clusi on 结论 compete — competiti on 竞争，比赛 discuss — discussi on 讨论 educate education disgree —disagreement department 局， 部 experiment 实验，试验 equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材 govern 统治 —government 政府 manage---management 经营管理 令人向往的地方 illustrate 阐明，举例说明 --illustration invite —invitation inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的decide - decision describe —description 描写，描绘 express 表达 - e xpression 词语;表达 方式 graduate 毕业— graduation operate 操 作，动手术 —operation organize --------- organization imagine — imagination 想象力 introduce — introduction 介绍 instruct — instruction 指导， 介绍 invent —inventor / invention 3．V+ ance 结尾 allow —allowance 允许 appear —appearance 外貌 ，出现 4．V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束 --------- e nding 结尾，结局 train 训练 ---training 5．V+ 其他 Beg （乞讨）—beggar 乞丐 sit--seat 座 位 believe —belief 信仰 behave 行为，举止 ---------------- behavior know---knowledge fly —flight 飞行 heat 加热 ---heat 热量 hit 撞击 ------------ hit 轰动一时的人或物， 碰撞 pollute pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心 -- resolution 决心 impress 给人印象 —impression 印象 permit 允许 -- permission suggest-建议，暗示--suggestion solve 解决 - s olution 解决方法 perform performance 演出 exist —existance 存在 mean -- meaning 意义 say -- saying 谚语 employ--employer 雇主，老板 --employee 雇员 mix 混合 ---- m ixture 混合物 press 按，压一pressure 压力 receive —receptionist 接待员 serve —service 服务 succeed-- success tour 在 --- 旅游，在 --- 作巡回演出 直接 + 地点 tour China ---tour 旅游 / tourist 游客 pursue —pursuit 追求，从事 propose — proposal 建议 withdraw — withdrawal 取钱；收回；撤 名词变形容词 1 名词 +y anger 生气 angry