此论文在省级刊物《考试周刊》2009年第20期发表
新课程标准下高考英语作文高分策略
广东省东莞市万江中学（523050）张县菊
(Tel:136******** E-mail:zxjljmlsr@https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f17099653.html,)
内容摘要：《普通高中英语新课程标准》语言技能目标八级对写作能力提出了四点要求：1）能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；2）能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；3）能写出连贯且结构完整的短文，能叙述事情或表达观点和态度；4）能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。近年采用了新的评分标准，对作文提出了更高的要求，更进一步要求考生注意语言的准确性、得体性、连贯性及表达方式多样性。但是，只要我们掌握了下列的技巧，就一定能写出高水平高质量的文章。
（一）牢固掌握简单句的五种基本句型、There be句型和常见时态语态。
语法在写作中具有举足轻重的作用，语法知识是学生形成基础知识、养成基本写作能力的重要保障。只有牢固掌握了五种基本句型及There be 句型和常见时态语态，才可能写出合乎英语语法和英语习惯的基本句子。
[训练对策]写作训练的第一步就是加强简单句基本句型的翻译训练:
1．S+V(主语+谓语)
2．S+V+O(主语+谓语+宾语)
3．S+V+P(主语+谓语+表语)
4．S+V+O+O(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
5．S+V+O+C(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
6．There be 句型（There be/vi+主语+其他）
（二）灵活使用高级词汇和高级结构句式，行文中注意长短句搭配使用。
近几年高考作文评分标准可以看出，如果只用了一些简单句，虽然表达出了要求的信息，但得分也不会高。如果考生使用了高级词汇和高级句式，这样的作文会有更高的档次。都是短句的作文显得水平稚嫩，但都是长句的作文又显得罗
嗦冗赘。真正的优秀文章应做到长短句搭配合理，行文流畅，难简结合，错落有致。要在每一段设置出一两个有特色的句子，使文章流畅而不失难度。
[训练对策]积累高级词汇（大纲外的常用词汇）和灵活使用下列高级句式：1．并列句、定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句（可使句式多样化）。
2．非谓语动词结构（可使句子更简练）。
3．With 的复合结构或独立主格结构（可使表达更得体）。
4．倒装句（可使句子显得新颖独特）。
5．强调句（可加强语气，表达强烈情感）。
（三）注意句子之间的过渡与衔接。
作文的评分标准是把衔接和连贯作为重要的标准来衡量的。构成衔接成分的过渡词语，被称为“篇章纽带”，其语篇连接作用是不言而喻的。因此，要正确恰当地使用这些表示逻辑关系的关联词语，使文章前后连贯，结构紧凑，过渡自然。
[训练对策]掌握下列常用的衔接过渡语：
表顺序：firstly/to begin with,secondly/and then,finally,for one thing..for another.等
表时间：in the past,now,at present,in the future,nowadays等
表递进：what’s more,in addition,besides,futhermore,moreover等
表转折：but,however, meanwhile,instead,while,on the other hand, on the contrary等
表列举：for example,for instance,such as等
表因果：because,as,now that,so,therefore等
表强调：indeed,certainly,surely,above all，most importantly 等
表观点：in my opinion,as far as I am concerned, personally等
表总结：in a word,in short,in conclusion,to sum up，all in all等（四）创作有气势的开篇句强调主题。
文章的第一段通常都给读者以重要的第一印象，所以开篇的几句话要有爆发力，使用优秀的开篇句型，充分表现出考生的语言水平和写作实力。
[训练对策]积累有气势的优秀开篇句型：
Currently,there is a widespread concern over……
There is a public debate today on the issue of……
It is universally acknowledged that……
It goes without saying that……
With the development of science and technology……
（五）中间段落注意使用优秀的段落主题句和段落发展的层次感。
中间拓展段是论述主题并展现实力的黄金段落。段首主题句尽量使用优秀表达句型统领下文，发展句结构要有层次感，要讲究起承转合的多样化表达。
[训练对策]掌握优秀的句型表达结构：
1. 表示事实现状：
We cannot ignore the fact that...
There is no denying the fact that..
This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
2. 表达众说不一的观点：
Different people have different views/opinions on…. Some …while others…
Opinions are divided on the questins as follows…
Opinions vary from person to person
3. 阐释原因：
The reasons can be as follows.For one thing,……For another,……
Several factors can account for/contribute to……Firstly,……Secondly……
The reason why……is that……
4. 说明利弊：
……has both advantages and diadvantages.
There are several advantages of……The first advantage is that…… However ,as the proverb goes,everything has its two sides,…is no exception,…also has some disavantages
5．表达个人观点：
As far as I am concerned，I am in favor of/am on the side of the former(the latter).
From my point of view/In my opinion,I object to /oppose to……
I think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
6．表达个人经历：
The story reminds me of my personal experience before.
I had a similar experience as the writer before.
I also experienced such a thing before.
7．表示举例：
Let’s take …for example.
There are some examples in our daily life.
8. 表示措施：
We should take some effective measures to solve the problem.
We should try our best to overcome the difficulties.
We should solve the problems that we are confronted with.
（六）适当使用名言警句点缀。
在写作时根据实际情况恰当的用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会使文章在评分中上一个得分档次。
[训练对策]背诵一些常用的名言警句：
Lost time is never found again.
Practice makes perfect.
No pains,no gains.
No cross,no crown.
Where there is a will,there is a way.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Nothing is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
All roads lead to Rome.
God helps those who help themselves.
It’s never too old to learn.
Failure is the mother of success.
（七）创建有特色的篇末结束句
若文章的结尾不好，苍白平淡，则给人虎头蛇尾的感觉，因此而减弱了前面的文采印象，所以在文章结尾要安排一个闪光句型，使文章在最后加强语气，达到高潮,让读者读到结尾时眼睛一亮,留下美好的回味。
[训练对策]掌握以下几种句型来结束文章：
1．Only +状语的倒装句。如：
Only when everyone is aware of the importance of environmental protection can the world become more and more beautiful.
2.It’s……that……强调句。如：
In conclusion,it is persistent work that will lead to your success in the end.
3.It’s high time that …句型。如：
It’s high time that the authorites enforced some reforms to convert traditional education into quality-oriented education.
4.The more……,the more……句型。如：
The harder you study at present,the greater progress you will make and the brighter future you will have.
（八）积累背诵各类文章写作模版和优美范文。
熟读成诵对写作是非常重要的，考生除了平时多背诵好词好句之外，也要背诵一些写作模版和地道优美的确范文。坚持不断积累，用时才能随手拈来，达到“下笔如有神”的境界。
[训练对策]背诵一些文体的写作模版和优美范文。
如：说明对立观点型议论文模版：
There is a widespread concern over the issue about__议题____.
But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority people agree that__观点一___。Intheir views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows:in the first place, 原因一 . Furthermore, in the second place,原因二_.So it goes without saying that__结论_____。
However, people differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that 观点二.In their point of view, on one hand,原因一。On the other hand,_原因二_。Therefore, there is no doubt that _结论_。
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the former./the latter. It is not only because _______, but also because_____. The more____,the more_____. Only when we….can we…/Only in this way can we….
结语
总之，作文的训练非一日之功，只有掌握了作文的解题策略、高分技巧，以及经常的训练与积累，不断提高学生的英语综合语言应用能力，才能全面地提高自己的写作水平。