2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略
高考考情分析解读：
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：
(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)
(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)
(3)What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)
常见的命题形式有：
The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?
The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．
What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?
本学案结构：
代词指代猜测题目
句子猜测句意题目
附：典故谚语知识储备
单词或短语意思猜测题
该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。
作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中，定义解释作者所用词的准确含义。下定义时，作者通常使用信号词，如i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as等等。利用同义解释猜词
同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely 等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。
1).Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
2).It will be very hard but very brittle— that is , it will break easily.
3). This was a very domesticated bird that needed help or it would not survive.
A.Having been abandoned
B.Having been used to home life
C.Having been used to life in the wild
D.Having been weak and hungry
4). He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.
5). She is bilingual. In other words, she speaks English and French equally well.
6). Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.
7). The schools are reluctant to take time off——even teachers with tickets for the
England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
?The underlined word “reluctant” may probably mean_______.
A.kind
B. unwilling
C. free
D. careless
同义词（近义词）
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。并列关系(同义关系）提示词：and, also, as … as, the same as利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
例如.
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips- of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
题目.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1?
A. provider
B. delivery man
C. collector
D. medical doctor
9).Mr. White loves to talk , his wife is also as loquacious as him.
10).Mark Twain was not the author’s real name; it was a pseudonym.
11).The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
12).If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.
13).Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also
regard drinking as harmful.
英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的，运用构词法判断生词的意义是一种快速有效的解题方法。根据构词法猜测词义英语中的许多词汇，特别是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的。因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。
根据词根、前缀、后缀、复合、派生等猜测词义。
super- inter- mini- micro- -some anti- co-
post- pre- -ship
pro- 表示“往前”
progress ['pr?ugres] n./v. 进步promote v.增进，促进，提高
pre- 提前，领先
predict vt. 预测prevent vt. 预防；妨碍preview n./v. 预览；预习
prevent
记：预先pre 走掉（-vent，似went）是预防
Timely repetition will prevent you from forgetting words.
及时重复才能预防忘记单词。timely adv. 及时地repetition n. 重复
per “每个，都，一直”
person n. 人percent n. 百分比
persist v. 坚持persuade [p?'sweid]vt.说服，劝服
记：一直（per）碎碎（sua）念就可以说服
re-表示“再次，重复，往回，”
repeat n./v. 重复rewrite v. 重写，改写
recall v.回想，记起；召回recover v. 重新获得，恢复
report n./v 报告
表示“往上”的前缀up-和in- “向下”的前缀de
grade n. 等级，级别，成绩
upgrade ___________ degrade ______________
increase n./v 上升增加decrease n./v 减少，减小
in-除了表示“往上”，更重要的意思是“往里”。和它音近的im-，en-，em- 都是“往里”的含义
inside a.里面的
import vt. 进口
记：port港口，进到（im-）港口来，叫进口
invite v. 邀请
ink n. 墨水
in-是“往里”，那想想“往外”怎么说？
往外ex-，e-
export v./n 出口expand v. 扩张exit v. 出口['eksit] experience n. 经历，经验vt.体会explain v.解释
exhibit v. 展览[ig'zibit; eg-]
表示否定的前缀：
un- unfair,unhappy
non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前)
in-inactive, inhuman, indirect (常用在adj.)
dis-disagree,disappear
im-impolite,impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)
il-illegal
ir-irreal, irregular
(B).表示错误或失当的前缀:
mis-misjudge, misdirect(误导)
(C).表示向背的前缀:
pro-(亲，支持) pro-Chinese, pro-American anti-（阻止，抗）antiwar, anti-Japanese war (D).表示程度、大小的前缀
super- superstar,supermarket,
superman, superpower
over- overhead, overeat, overuse
mini- minibus, miniskirt, mini-car
under- underground, underestimate
semi-(半，部分) semicircle, semiskilled,
(E).表示时间的前缀
pre- prewar
post- postwar
fore-(前，预先)
foretell,
forecast, foresee,
weather forecast
(F).表示方位的前缀：
sub- subway, submarine
inter- international,
interclass(年级之间的）
trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)
transplant,
transatlantic （横渡大西洋的）
常见的后缀
-ment 名词性后缀，表“行为，结果或具体物”
move v.移动；搬家movement n.运动，活动
agree v. 同意agreement n.同意，协议
manage v.管理management n.管理
-tion 名词后缀，表动作，性质，状态
1. n. 行动action
2. n. 污染pollution
3. n. 人口population
4. n. 手术operation
-ty 名词后缀，加在形容词后面,表示特性或情况
1. n. 诚实honesty
2. n. 安全safety
3. n. 多样；种类；；变化variety
4. n 焦虑anxiety
5. n. 残酷cruelty
-able, 形容词后缀有”能够、有某种特性”的意思
1. adj. 舒服的comfortable
2. adj. 合适的suitable
3. adj. 时尚的，时髦的fashionable
4. adj. 有道理的，合理的，公道的reasonable
5. adj. 可信赖的，可靠的
v. 信赖rely reliable
6. adj. 大量的；可观的
考虑动词是？
considerable adj.大量的，可观的
7. adj. 稳定的
stable adj. 稳定的
记：s-音似“死”；-table桌子。一个死的桌子，肯定是很稳定的。
8.adj 可用的，可得到的
available adj 可用的，可得到的
-ish 为形容词和名词后缀。
1. adj. 愚蠢的foolish
2. adj. 自私的selfish
记忆：一条自私的鱼
3. n. 垃圾rubbish
4. n. 英语English
5. adj. 英国的，英国人的British
-ful 形容词后缀
1. adj. 鲜艳的，多姿多彩的colourful
2. adj. 高兴的，愉快的cheerful delightful
3. adj. 有希望的，有前途的hopeful
4. adj 有意义的，意味深长的meaningful
5. adj. 奇妙的，极好的，精彩的wonderful
1.动词变名词：
-ation
satisfaction, education, realization
-ment
development, movement, disappointment
-al
arrival, refusal
-ee
trainee（受训者）, employee
-er
teacher, worker
-or
visitor, sailor
wrong-doer 做错事情的人
补充学习
over- : too much overcrowded
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
2.en- 动词前缀enable, endanger, enrich
3.重要后缀-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等
4.合成词For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.
Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. …At any rate, my love for Rachel remained without result. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army.
I was sent overseas during the war. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.
词性转换（解释意思）
He is a man with broad shoulders.
We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.
So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths, and think of something that gives you pleasure…Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean
accepting the action of the person who upsets you.
Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. (trouble 词性与意义？)
[真题演练] A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.
利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释、定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时要特别留心某些词语，如or，that is，in other words，including，although，but，even if，on the other hand，on the contrary，other than，rather than，more than，instead of等。
利用上下文线索猜测词义
(1)重述
作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)或用信号词引导。常见的信号词有：or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way等等。
[典例]In the library, I found my way into the“Children's Room.”I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle,_the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.
(2) 举例
作者常常会通过对某一难词给出具体的例子，帮助读者理解该词的词义。举例常用的信号词有：such as, such ...as, for example, for instance, like, including, especially等。
[典例] Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.
1). Tom must be very affluent. He wears expensive clothes and jewelry, drives a Rolls-Royce convertible, and owns a $1,750,000 house in London.
2). You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, English Learning, or Reader’s Digest.
(3)对比转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义。
有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有：(whether)．..or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, nevertheless, instead, rather than, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand，but, however, although , though，while(然而), rather than, instead of 等标志词。
[典例]If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track.
73．The underlined word“upbeat”in the second paragraph probably means “________”. A．cheerful B．average
C．serious D．temporary
举例：
He had been getting better, However , during the night his condition deteriorated.
A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.
She is usually prompt for all her class , but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
对比Time is something from which we can’t escape. Even if we ignore it, it’s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Who’s in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.
?The underlined word “ally” most likely means somebody or something that is ______.
A. your slave and serves you
B. your supporter and helps you
B. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you
（4）因果关系法：根据前后句因果关系猜测词义。
Signal words: because，since ,so, such…that, so…that, for, ect.
I could see nothing because the light was too faint .
I feel that since you are my superior（上司），it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”
The word “presumptuous”is closest in meaning to “”.
A．full of respect B．rude and too confident
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
词语再应用
1). The collision of the two cars caused a lot of damage to both.
a). side-by-side b). striking c). acting
2). My dog is hostile to strangers and therefore will bark at you and may bite you until he gets to know you.
a). friendly b). kind c). unfriendly
3). The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow。
4) . That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
5).The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
因果Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.
?What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” probably mean?
A. Keep everything out of campgrounds.
B. Take away everything you bring in.
C. Carry all the necessary food.
D. Look after your personal belongings.
再如：
真题演练
[典例] There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
30．What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.
C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.
[典例] This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. 63．The underlined word “hoist”in Paragraph 4 means “________”．
A．change B．lift
C．repair D．decorate
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
高考英语阅读理解中的提问方式及解题方法 一、猜题思路分析 纵观近几年的高考英语阅读题，阅读选材广泛，各种文体各占一定的比例，在内容上贴近生活，语言能够体现当代英语的特点，语篇逻辑经得起推敲，与学生的阅读水平相吻合。阅读理解设计题目的结构难度基本稳定，方式大致相同。但词汇总量加大，阅读速度提高，且非考纲词汇有所增加，长难句有所增加。时文报道类、科普知识类、应用广告类、史地文化、短篇故事、说理小品、幽默小品是高考热门文章。 二、2008年高考英语考纲对阅读理解题的要求 2008年英语考试大纲对阅读理解题要求为：考生能读懂公告、说明、广告及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。1．理解主旨和要义；2．理解文中具体信息；3．根据上下文推断生词的词义；4．做出简单判断和推理；5．理解文章的基本结构；6．理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 三、2008年高考英语阅读理解命题原则 2008年高考英语阅读理解题的阅读材料的选取遵循以下原则： 1．共5篇文章，阅读量不少于2000个单词。文章的长度可能比以前略有增加，词汇量也可能稍有增大。2．题材多样化，贴近生活，涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、教育、新闻报道、人物故事、科技信息、海外风情等多方面题材。3．体裁分布均匀，所选语篇包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。 四、2008年高考阅读理解题命题特点 1．强调语篇选材的真实性，贴近时代、贴近生活、贴近学生。阅读材料多选于英美国家近期报刊杂志上原汁原味的文章，反映外国生活，语言规范、地道、真实，且难度合理，符合中学生学习英语的目的和实践。2．较大的阅读量和信息量。篇目稳定在5篇，词汇量稳定在2000-2700之间，所选语篇负有高含量的信息。从语言的表层看，各段文字并不是很难理解，但要理解文章的深层含义有所难度。3．题型多样。所设题型有：主旨题、细节题、推理题、词义猜测题，但大多数为细节理解题。4．加大了阅读材料的文字难度。文章的生词率不超过3%，但根据构词法知识能判断出词性和词义的单词不算生词。另外，阅读材料保持了原文的风格，语言地道，文化含量高，增加了学生理解的难度。5．语篇结构较为复杂。源于真实语料的作品运用了较高级的组篇手段。 五、阅读理解题解题方法 一）．主旨大意题。1．题干提问方式： 1）The main idea of the passage is . 2) Which of the following is the best title? 3) The main purpose of the story is to tell us . 4) Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage? 5) What is the writer trying to tell us? 6) The purpose of the passage is . 7) The main (general) idea of the passage is . 8) The passage is mainly about . 9) From the passage we know that . 2.方法：找主题句： 做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。主题句位置一般位于段
阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二
二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导 命题方式的特点 词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。 考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种： (1)在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。 (2)专业化程度较高的词。 (3)生僻词。 (4)常用代词。 命题方式的考法 1.猜测单词或短语意义------巧用线索猜词义。 （1）“定义同位”猜词义，主要包括定义释词和同位/举例 （2）“逻辑关系”猜词义 （3）根据构词法猜词义 2.考查代词的指代意义---------“就近原则”猜词义 3.句意猜测类-------“意义吻合”定句意 常见设问形式 (1)The underlined phrase “___” in the second paragraph could be replaced by ______. (2)The underlined word “________” in the first par agraph probably means________. (3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph? (4)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “________”？ (5)What does the underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (6)What do you think the expression “________” stands for? (7)Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word “______” in Paragraph 3? (8)According to the passage, the underlined word “________” is known as ________. 选项特点 (1)正确选项的特点 ①相应词语的同义词语。 ②对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。 (2)干扰项的特点 ①对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
高考英语阅读理解——出题与解题方法（杨老师） 应用文（抓题干）广告、通知记叙文（划时、人、事）说明文（找主题句）特点：分值重，知识广，篇幅大，用时多。题型上主要有细节题、推理题、主旨题、猜词题等。 开卷准备：九字真诀不要怕，划一划（划主题，难句，划核心词），X一X（答题时） 一、细节理解题（标记定位法） 一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题(细1)，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题(细2)，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案切不可望文生义。特别注意句子的逻辑关系。如：表因果的because, since, as等；表转折的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。 二、推理判断题（用细节推） 考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有：We can infer/learn from the（last） paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The passage implies/suggests that. What can be concluded from the passage? The author's purpose of writing the passage is.这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 三、语义猜测题（构词法、语境法） 要注意从以下三个方面着手： 1）标点符号或同位语部分，and或or猜 2）根据对比、因果关系猜 but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表转折，because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词， 3）根据构词法知识猜测词义：UN- IN- IM-- dis mis 派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。 Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. 四、主旨大意题（重点）哪怕没读懂全文，懂了中心句，一样能做对题 （寻找主题句）文章主题与段落主题 一般来说，文章主题都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词，如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。 其常用提问方式主要有：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the selection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passages mainly about等。
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说 明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具 体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主 旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： ■考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的 暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查 考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进 行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面： ◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段 内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； ◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用 的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往 也是命题人设题的依据； ◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报 告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 ◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现 doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特 殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人 物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生 要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume （假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________. The author strongly suggests that________ It can be concluded from the passage that________. The writer implies but not directly states that________
【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction. More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years. They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause. Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species. Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered. The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions. One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists. （1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？ A. Humans are the main cause of it. B. It means a global decline over a long time. C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene. D. Scientists still disagree about the cause of it. （2）What can be inferred from the text about species？ A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100. B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet. C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂. D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂. （3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ? A. Land animals. B. Marine life. C. Huge animals. D. Flesh-eating creatures.
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.