现在完成时专项讲解
一、构成:现在完成时由“have/has+ 动词的过去分词”构成。
现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答形式（以动词study为例）：肯定式：I （You）have studied.
He(She, It) has studied.
We(You, They) have studied.
否定式I(You) have not/haven’t studied.
He(She, It)has not/hasn’t studied.
We(You, They) have not/ haven’t studied.
疑问式：Have I( you ) studied?
Yes, you (I) have./No, you (I) haven’t.
Has he (she, it) studied?
Yes, he(she,it) has.／No, he(she, it) hasn’t.
Have we(you, they) studied?
Yes, you (we, they) have.
No, you (we, they) haven’t.
二、动词的过去分词：规则与不规则
规则动词的过去时构成形式：
(1)一般情况选在动词原形末尾加ed.
(2)结尾是不发音字母e的动词加d.
(3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.
(4)结尾是辅音字母加y 的动词，先变y为I,再加ed
请用两个单词分别写现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句。
I have written my postcard.
I haven’t written my postcard.
Have you written your postcard?
Yes, I have. / No,I haven’t.
1The room is cold。Who_______（open）the window？
2 He_______（go）to the cinema。
3_______ you_______（put）away my dictionary?
4.We________(not finish) the work yet.
5.I________(see) the play. I _____(see) it last month with my sister.
6.I am not hungry.I ____just____(have) my dinner.
7.Don’t worry. The train____ yet.
A.arrived
B.won’t arrive
C.hasn’t arrived
三、用法
Ａ表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：
I have opened the window.我已经把窗户打开了。（窗户是开着的）
The concert has started.音乐会已经开始（音乐会现在在进行）
They have gone to Shanghai.他们已去上海了（他们不在这里）
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1980,three days ago, Just now, when I came in等连用。但可以和一些不确定的时间状语，如already, yet , sometimes, often, before, lately, once, never, just, ever 等
连用；也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如this morning, today, this week, this year等连用。例如
She has already come.她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet.我还没有读过这个
Have you ever seen each other before?你们见过面吗？
B.表示过去已经开始、持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）动作或状态，常
和表示一段时间状语，如:today, these days, since…,for…, this month, now
等连用。例如:I have studied English for two years.
我学英语已经两年了。
They have lived in Beijing since 1980.
他们自１９８０年就一直住在北京。
We’ve known each other since we were children.我们从小就认识。
英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是终止性动词(瞬间性动词)。延续性动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、
发展的动词。如：work, read, write, study等。这些动词的完成时可以和段时
间状语连用。终止性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：come, go, buy, die, join, begin等。这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。在Ｂ
用法中要用延续性动词代替终止性动词。
She has been back for two years.(正）
She has come back for two years（误）
终止性动词完成时的否定式表示一种否定状态是可以延续的，所以其否定式可
以和段时间状语连用。
如：I haven’t seen him for ages.我好久没见到他了。（现在仍没见到他）
现在完成时的构成：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词
注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。
用法：
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。例如：
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse?
③ She has already finished the work.
④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.
⑤I’ve just lost my math book.
2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）
一段时间的表达方法有两种:
1、for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years
过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week
2、since +
一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.
注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.
He has been away
对划线部分提问都用How long He has been away for one week.
（3） have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别：
★have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经
回来。侧重指经历。
★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上
或已到那里，反正不在这里。
试比较：
He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。
（人已回来，可能在这儿）
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。
（人已走，不在这儿）。
一般过去时与现在完成时之比较
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，
和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响
或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间
状语连用，或无时间状语。
◎一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October,
just now,等具体的时间状语。
◎共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等。
◎现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语。
I saw this film yesterday.
（只说明动作发生在过去。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
She has returned from Paris.
（她已从巴黎回来了。）
She returned yesterday.
（她是昨天回来的。）
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
现在完成时与瞬间动词
瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：
一、用ago,使用一般过去时。
He left here three years ago.
二、用“It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句”
It is three years since he left here.
三、用“一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句”
以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。
另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。
1.直接转化成延续性动词
buy have catch (get) a cold have a cold borrow keep come/go /become be
2.转换成be+名词
join the army be a soldier
join the Party be a Party member
go to school be a student
3.转换成be+形容词或副词
die be dead
finish be over
begin be on
leave be away
fall sleep be asleep
close be closed
open be open
4.转换成 be+介词短语
go to school be in school
join the army be in the army
现在完成时“三看三用
一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：
I have visited the factory.
I visited the factory last year.
二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：
－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have.
－When did you have it? －At seven thirty.
注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：
How many words have you learned by heart?
How did you learn them by heart?
三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：
He has been a league member for two months.
He joined the Youth League two months ago.
( )1.You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?
A. haven’t you
B. have you
C. do you
D. don’t you
( ) 2. —I have watched the game.
—When ____ you ____ it?
A. have; watched
B. do; watch
C. did ;watch
D. will; watch
( )3. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A. lived
B. has lived
C. lives
D. is going to live
( )4. His grandma ______ for two years.
A. died
B. has died
C. was dead
D. has been dead
( )5. –Where is Han Mei now?
－ She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A. has gone
B. has been
C. goes
D. had gone
( )6. －_____ you ____to the United Stated ?
－ No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago
A. Have; been
B. Have; gone
C. Did; go
D. Do; go
( )7. You haven’t changed your mind,_______?
A. do you
B. are you
C. have you
D. did you
( )8. How long have you _____ the football team of
the school?
A. played
B. been at
C. joined D been on
( )9. —Where have you _____ these days?
—I have _____ to Kunming with my friends.
A been , gone
B been , been
C gone , been
D gone, gone ( )10. How long have you ____ this book?
A. bought
B. borrowed
C. had
D. lent
( )11. —Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet?
—Yes, I _____ it last night.
A have, see
B have, have seen
C have, seen
D have, saw ( )12. He has never ridden a horse before,_____?
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. hasn’t he
D. has he
过去完成时语法精讲 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. # She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如： 】 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： ] When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 【 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
Grammar语法:simple present tense 现在完成时 A表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I am doing my homework. I have done my homework. B表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。 I’ve known Alice for three years. 现在完成时的构成： 主语+have/has +动词的过去分词. I have done my homework. 1.否定：have, has后面加not . I have not done my homework. 2.一般疑问句：have, has提到主语前Have you done your homework? 区别： has gone to:表示某人已去了某地，而没有回来(去了没回) has been to :表示去过某地(去过已回来) has been in/at(in表示相对大一些的地点;at表示相对小一些的地点): 表示一直呆在某地,常与时间段搭配. since+时间点=for+时间段since+一般过去时态的时间状语从句=since+时间点+ago
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 already(肯定句中)，yet(否定，疑问，句末)，just(刚刚), before(之前), recently(最近), still, lately, never等: I have already finished my work. I haven’t finished my work yet.(否定句) Have you finished your work yet?(一般疑问句) 动词过去式和过去分词的变化相同 一般在动词词尾直接ed. 如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed A-A-A: let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read, cut→cut→cut A-B-B: lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent buy → bought → bought; bring → brought → brought; A-B-C: choose→chose→chosen do→did→done see→saw→seen drink→drank→drunk go→went→gone take→took→taken A-B-A: run→ran→run come→came→come
第2讲：现在完成时 现在完成时的定义： 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而与一般过去时相比，一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较: The plane has arrived. 飞机已经来了.(说明现在的情况,飞机在这儿.) The plane arrived an hour ago. 飞机是在一小时前抵达的(强调动作发生的时间.) 现在完成时的结构： 肯定句: 主语＋have/has＋过去分词（done） Lily has returned from America. ★变否定句在have/has后面加not 主语＋have/has＋not+过去分词（done） Lily has not returned from America. ★变一般疑问句将have/has移到句首 主语＋have/has＋not+过去分词（done） Has Lily returned from America? 肯定回答及否定回答：Yes，she has./ No， she hasn’t. ★变特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 特殊疑问词（how/what/why/when/where）＋have/has＋主语＋过去分词(done) Where has Lily returned from? 现在完成时的用法： 在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如： I have already finished my homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。
第一章动词之时态 第三节过去完成时 教学时间：2课时 教学目标：通过本次课的学习，使学生理解过去完成时的形式意义，明白一般过去时和过去完成时的区别，并能写出结构语法正确的现在完成时。 教学重点：过去完成时的意义和与一般过去式的区别。 教学步骤： 一.导入 回顾现在完成时 现在完成时的意义：过去发生的动作对现在的影响或从过去开始发生一直持续到现在，着眼点为现在。 二.讲解 1). 过去完成时的形式和意义 回顾： 一般现在时： 主语 + do/does 或 be 一般过去时： 主语 + did或 was/were
现在完成时： 主语 + have/has + done 过去完成时： 主语 + had + done 课堂练习1：划线识别题（划出下列过去完成时的用法） 1.I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 2.She had left before her parents arrived. 3.We had learned English for 5years by the end of last month. 过去完成时的意义： 引例句： ?他们去年结婚了。 ?They got married last year. ?截止到去年他们已经恋爱五年了。 ?They had been in love for five years by last year. 过去完成时的意义: 当表示过去某一动作发生之前就已经完成的一动作即“过去的过去”时，用过去完成时。 用法： 1.截止到上个月，我就已经学了5000单词了。 I had learned 5000 thousand words by the end of last month. 介词by + 一般过去时的短语或句子，表示在…之前。 By the end of last week, he had wrriten ten books. By the time he was ten, he had made a lot of money. 2.她说她已经吃过早饭了。 She said she had had breakfast. 过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, thought等动词的宾语从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 练习： She said she ______ (see) the film before.
现在完成时讲解及练习(附答案)-名师精讲
现在完成时 先看几个例句： 1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间。 2. He hasn’t finished his homework. 他还没完成作业。 3. Have you read this novel ? 你看过这本小说吗？ : make--- hurry---watch--- swim--- be--- talk--- want--- study--- stop--- take--- see--- like---
二、用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了) They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have had my lunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿 2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态, I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时 3表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历. I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。) I have been there twice. 动词填空： 1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it?
现在完成时 1. 定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。 2. 构成：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词+ 其它. 3. 否定句：主语+ have/has + not + 动词的过去分词+ 其它. 4. 疑问句: have/has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词+其它 5. 用法（四种）： （1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例句：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. （过去的时间收到一封信，接下来可能会提到信上的内容，说明收到信的这个动作对现在有影响。）翻译：我已经通过驾照考试并拿到了驾照了。 I have passed the driving exam and got a driving license. （2）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能持续下去。 例句：He has been there for six months. 翻译：我已经学了六年的英语了。 I have studied English for six years. （3）在时间或者条件状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。 例句：Tim will not be so excited if he has been to Australia before.
翻译：我忙完工作就去图书馆找你。 I will see you in the library as soon as I have finished my work. （4）It has been + 一段时间+since 从句（从句是用一般过去时）。例句：It has been six months since Tim went to Australia. 翻译：玛丽生病到现在已经三天了。 It has been three days since Mary was ill. 练一练： 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市） A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard 3、—Where have you _______ these days？—I have_____ to Dazhu with my friends． A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone 4、Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 5、His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 6、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 6. 现在完成时的标志 （1）以already, just，ever，never和yet为标志
初三英语上册【动词的现在完成时态】精讲精练2018.12 一、构成形式(肯定式): 主语＋助动词have/has＋过去分词＋……. ﹡过去分词: 规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要专门记忆。 [Exercise 1] ( ) 1. I Enghish in this school since 1998. (A) taught (B) have taught (C) teach (D) would teach ( ) 2. Li Lei the pen for five years. (A) has had (B) bought (C) had (D) has bought ( ) 3. Kate her grandmother's photo before. (A) haven't seen (B) have seen (C) saw (D) hasn't seen ( ) 4. Mary you these days? (A) Has, seen (B) Do, see (C) Did, see (D) Is, seeing ( ) 5. So far, we thousands of Buildings in Quanzhou. (A) build (B) have built (C) build (D) will build 二、否定式: 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t＋过去分词＋……. 疑问式: Have/Ha s＋主语＋过去分词＋……? 简略答语: Yes, 主语＋have/has.(肯定回答) / No, 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t.(否定回答) [Exercise 2] ( ) 1. He finished his homework yet. (A) doesn’t(B) haven’t(C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have ( ) 2. —Have you finished your work? — (A) Yes, I do. (B) No, I didn’t. (C) Yes, I have. (D) No, I won’t. ( ) 3. —Has she ever learned English? —. (A) Yes, she has (B) No, she doesn’t(C) Yes, she does (D) No, she didn’t 三、现在完成时的用法之一: 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 常与already，just，yet， ever/never，before，twice，so far等连用。（这些标志词可以表达这种含义。） ⑴以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already had dinner. He has just seen the film. He hasn’t come back yet. ⑵以ever和never为标志 ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen. He has never been to Beijing. ⑶以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. ⑷以so far为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 So far about 500 people have died in the earthquake. She has passed the exam so far. [Exercise 3] ( ) 1. —Have you travelled on the train? —Yes, I have. (A) never (B) ever (C) just (D) yet ( ) 2. —Have you finished your homework? —Not . (A) ever (B) already (C) yet (D) just ( ) 3. We haven't finished our homework .
现在完成时讲解 一、构成: 肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 过去分词规则变化： a)一般情况下，直接加ed, （work---worked，water---watered, finish---finished等;） b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, （carry---carried study---studied等;） c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。（stop---stopped，shop---shopped） d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d （ 过去分词不规则变化表： 二、用法： 用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 标志词：①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦once/twice/数字+ times 例：I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了) They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。) I have been there twice. a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 ?He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 ?Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） ?My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 ?Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？ b）never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经” ?We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 ?Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c）just用于句中, 表示“刚刚” ?I’ve just had breakfast. 我刚吃完早饭。 ?What have they just done? 他们刚刚做了什么？ d）before用于句末, 表示“以前” ?I’ve seen it before. 我以前见过它。 练习：用never，ever，already，before, just或yet填空。 1. I have __________seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has __________finished his homework. 3. --Have you _________seen the film? --No, I have ________seen it. 4. ---Has the bus left _______? ---Yes, it has ________ left. 5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _________.
过去完成时态精讲及练习 过去完成时是指“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情，它是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情。 过去完成时的构成：had + 动词的过去分词。 一、过去完成时的主要用法 1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。比如说，A事件发生在一个月前，而B事件发生两个月前，那么B事件比A 事件还要早发生，它就要使用过去完成时。 例如：Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party. （即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。） They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.（即：吃饭在先，他们到达在后。） 注意：在上面两个例句，虽然表达时间的连词不同（when当……时；before在……前），但两件事发生的先后顺序很明显。请不要被when, before之类的词搞混淆了，关键要抓住两件事情的先后关系。 2、表达在过去某个确定的时间之前发生的事或状态。 例如：How many English films had you seen by the end of last year? 在这个例句中，没有两个事件作比较。但是，它有一个明确的时间作参考，即last year明确了告诉我们是“过去”时间，而by the end of last year说的是在last year之前完成的动作，因此它也是“过去的过去”，可以用过去完成时。请仔细阅读下面的例句，注意时间的先后关系和动作的先后顺序： I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning.（今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。） She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.（当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时，她已经在因特网上查询了两个小时。） I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldn't make any mistakes.（我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。） The film had already begun when I got to the cinema . （当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。）
中考语法语态精练 【2019 ?福建】As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball __________ in the Olympic Games in 1964. A.included B. is included C. was included 2.【2019 ?安徽】The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ____ before the rainy season comes. A.is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed 3.【2019 ?甘肃省敦煌市】 A baby's first month birthday is a special event i n China and _____ with a special Party. A.celebrates B. is celebrated C. was celebrated D. will celebrate 4.【2019 ?湖北省黄冈市】—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! —Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it. A.didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned 5.【2019 ?江西省】Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she
过去完成时态 （一）定义：①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。发生在前的那个动作【过去的过去】 （二）基本结构：主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ ⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词 （三）用法： （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的
【英语】高三英语现在完成时解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择现在完成时 1．―What do you think of our hometown? ―Very beautiful. You know it is the first time that I _______ here. A．will be B．was C．have been D．had been 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查固定句型中的时态。固定句型：it is/was 序数词time that sb…这是第几次某人做某事的时候了；如果前面是is，后面使用现在完成时；如果前面是was,后面使用过去完成时；本题前面是is，故使用现在完成时。句意：—你认为我们国家怎么样？—发出漂亮。你知道这是我第一次来到这里。故C正确。 考点：考查固定句型中的时态。 点评：固定句型：it is/was 序数词time that sb…这是第几次某人做某事的时候了；如果前面是is，后面使用现在完成时；如果前面是was,后面使用过去完成时； 2．It is the fourth time that Tom ______ in the maths exams. A．failed B．has failed C．had failed D．have failed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查固定句式中的时态。固定句式：It is/was the+序数词+that 从句；句意：这是某人第几次做某事的时候了。如果前面是is，后面使用现在完成时；如果前面是was，后面使用过去完成时。本题前面是is，故使用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，故Ｂ正确。句意：这是这个星期里他第四次打电话给你了。 【点睛】 固定句式：It is/was the+序数词+that 从句；句意：这是某人第几次做某事的时候了。如果前面是is，后面使用现在完成时；如果前面是was，后面使用过去完成时。（1）It is the first time that I have come to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次到长城去。（2）It was the first time that he had visited the Great Wall.那是他第一次参观长城。 3．— Would you care for a cup of tea? It tastes pretty good. — I one. Thank you just the same.
过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left.
中考英语现在完成时精讲精练 语法精讲 （一）定义 现在完成时主要用来表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如： ?I have already seen the film. ?She has just had a bath. 第一句说明看电影是过去发生的，用了现在完成时是要表示说话者可能不想再看了，或者对该电影的内容已经很熟悉了，等等。 第二句说明她洗澡是过去发生的，用了现在完成时是要表示她不需要再洗澡了等。 （二）基本结构 现在完成时的句子结构一般为： 肯定句主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分 ?We have already had lunch. ?He has been away for a week. 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （三）主要用法 1、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常和谓语动 词一起使用的副词有already、just、never、ever、yet等。如： ?They have already come back from the museum. ?She has already finished her homework. 2、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并且有可能会继续持续下去。此时，常和谓语 动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有for和since，而且此时的谓语动词往往是持续性动词（如stay、keep、wait等）。如：
过去完成时 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例；By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨天晚上9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 例；I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站已经等了20分钟,一辆公共汽车终于来了。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说他自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补充以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例；Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天就去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例；I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost.她发现她失去了的钥匙。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例；He said that he had known her well.他说他早就很了解她了。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，“发生在过去的过去”，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 e.g：When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after 的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 e.g：After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 e.g：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。 （8）过去完成时还可用在hardly when no sooner than It was the first