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上海交通大学第二学期英语讲义详解版答案key to Exercise Five

上海交通大学第二学期英语讲义详解版答案key to Exercise Five
上海交通大学第二学期英语讲义详解版答案key to Exercise Five

key to Exercise Five

Section 1. Compound Dictation

As quick and easy as making a cup of instant coffee, a Chinese company has developed

a new machine which dispenses traditional medicine with a simple push of a button. Once a

(1)prescription is provided, (2)staffs dispense the medicine and the machine does the rest. prescription n. 处方prescribe v. dispense v. vt. 分配,分发

It?s a far cry from the medicinal practices of old where Ginseng, fungi, dried sea horses, and other (3)mysterious ingredients are carefully sorted before being (4)steeped for hours in hot water. Now those ingredients can be prescribed and dispensed almost instantly, according to Sun Yougang of the Sichuan Neo-Green Pharmaceutical Company, the machine?s developer. steeped adj.沉浸于be steeped in happiness

The biggest (5)advantage is that our machine is able to dispense medicine (6)accurately, every patient?s illness is different, a doctor might prescribe different amounts of medicine to a 30-year-old patient compared to a 50-year-old patient. Also some doctors might give you three (7)doses, others might give you five.

dose n. 剂量

The new machine though provides one pack, containing six (8)individual servings, all patients need to do is open one of the sections, mix it with hot water, and drink. For Wei Ting, it makes a big difference.

serving n. 份

(9)It can take around two hours /to brew Chinese medicine, /two hours is a lot of time/ for working professionals to spare. If it?s like making instant coffee, that?s (10)the first thing we do when we get to the office, it’s simple and it saves a lot of time.

brew v. 酿(酒);熬(药)brew coffee, brew a pot of tea, etc.

working professionals 上班族

The Chengdu No. 1 People?s Hospital is one of the dozens in China where the machine has been installed, eventually, the manufacturer wants to export them, in the hope that (11)China’s age-old /remedies /can win greater acceptance/ in the west.

remedy n. 补救;治疗;赔偿vt. 补救;治疗;纠正

Tara Cleary, Reuters路透社.

Section 2 Note-taking

Key & Script:

Hollywood?s images of smoking encourage teens to light up

Filmmakers in Hollywood produce hundreds of films each year and audiences around the world watch them. In many films, characters smoke cigarettes and other forms of tobacco. In the past, researchers have documented how adolescents in the United States are influenced by watching those images of smoking on the screen. They found that kids who watch many movies where characters smoke are more likely to try smoking themselves.

Dr. James Sargent, a researcher with Dartmouth University Medical School in New Hampshire, says those research findings are strong and consistent, but he says that many people are skeptical (怀疑的)when they hear that movies might contribute to adolescent smoking. “How can movies be responsible for a third of adolescent smoking when there?s o nly, you know, 30 seconds

to a minute of smoking in every movie? So what we wanted to do with this study was really scale (测量)the exposure for people so that they understood how much exposure kids really get when it comes to seeing these actors modeling smoking on the big screen.”

Sargent and some international colleagues counted how often images of smoking were seen by adolescents. They watched about 500 popular movies and counted the images of smoking in each. Then they multiplied that number of images by the number of adolescents estimated to have seen the films. They estimate that billions of images of smoking in American films that are seen by kids around the world.

“So it is a big international problem to the extent that American movie companies are exporting smoking in youth-rated movies, the kids in other countries are seeing the smoking, and it?s positioning smoking as something they want to do,” he concludes.

Sargent says almost nothing else compares with smoking in terms of public health problems around the world. Millions of people die annually of diseases caused by smoking: lung and other cancers, heart disease and respiratory(呼吸的)diseases. Sargent says many of those people started smoking during their adolescent years.

“We?ve already shown pretty convincingly that seeing smoking in movies is delivering kids to the tobacco industry,”he says. “So the movie industry has some responsibility here. The movie industry could do something that would eliminate smoking in youth-rated movies, they could rate smoking R (for restricted).”He notes that?s what public health activists are trying to get filmmakers to do. And if they did that, it would eliminate 60 percent of growth of impressions the kids in his sample had seen.

Sargent notes that?s that public health activists are trying to get filmmakers to do. He said that if Hollywood did that, it could eliminate 60 percent of impressions in his sample had seen. Sargent?s research was published in the most recent issue of the journal Pediatrics(小儿科).

Findings of past research: Kids who watch many movies where characters smoke are more likely to try smoking themselves.

People?s reaction to these findings: They are skeptical to the findings.

Dr. James Sargent?s study

Purpose: So what we wanted to do with this study was really scale the exposure for people and how much exposure kids really get when seeing these actors modeling smoking on the big screen.

Method: Sargent and some international colleagues counted how often images of smoking were seen by adolescents.

Conclusion: They estimate that the movie industry could do something that would eliminate smoking in youth-rated movies,

Suggestions: If Hollywood did that, it could eliminate 60 percent of impressions in his sample had seen.

Section 3. Short Answer Questions:

Keys:

1.the volume of traffic, the amount of long-range travel and connections from certain airports

2.It ranked third in its ability to spread a pandemic.

3.the study is a reminder that airports can spread pandemics more easily than other

transportation hubs

4.simply by people touching the same surfaces that are contaminated

5.frequent handwashing

Study looks at role airports play in spread of disease, pandemics

Airports and planes move more than only people. They have also transported diseases such as influenza流行感冒flu, SARS, and tuberculosis肺结核.

“I try to take travelers? shots and carry hand sanitizer洗手液sanitizer消毒剂,” she said.

Yatta Montrell is flying to Hong Kong and Malaysia from Los Angeles. Every time she travels, she worries about getting sick.

Some airports in the United States are able to spread disease more quickly, according to researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

They looked at 1) the volume of traffic, the amount of long-range travel and connections from certain airports. New York?s Kennedy airport and LAX in Los Angeles ranked highest by those measurements.

Researcher Ruben Juanes was surprised that Honolulu?s smaller airport 2) ranked third in its ability to spread a pandemic流行病. In a Skype interview with VOA, Juanes explains why.

“It?s in the middle of the ocean so virtually every connection is a long-range connection that can take away infected passengers very quickly over many thousands of kilometers. And even though the number of connections is small, again a large fraction of them are hubs(交通)枢纽in Asia or North America,” Juanes stated.

MIT factored in the travel patterns of individuals: the length of their trips and layovers中途短暂停留.

Thomas Valente, professor of preventive medicine预防医学at the University of Southern California, says 3) the study is a reminder that airports can spread pandemics more easily than other transportation hubs.

“Airports move people around and, when you?re at an airport, you have time to wait for a plane to leave or if you?re meeting somebody for it to land,”said Valente. “So there?s lots of people sitting in close proximity waiting for things to happen.”

Sometimes a traveler catches a disease that originated far from home.

“Not only will we see more pandemics but we are all globally at more risk to things that are happening in other places,” Valente added.

Jonathan Samet heads the Institute for Global Health at the Universtiy of Southern California. “Many infections感染are spread just 4) simply by people touching the same surfaces that are contaminated,” he said. “So on airplanes again, bathrooms, doorknobs门把手are places where infections might spread.”

Health experts say 5) frequent handwashing is a precaution travelers can take to prevent illness when they’re on the plane or at the airport.

MIT?s Ruben Juanes says the study may help forecast how disease will spread when another outbreak occurs.

Section 4: Listening and Translating

1.After 2 days of talks at the Camp David Presidential Retreat outside Washington, Mr. Obama

said the eight leaders acknowledged that budget cuts alone will not restore Europe?s economy.

“And there?s now an emerging consensus /that more must be done to /promote growth and job creation right now/ in the context of the fiscal and structural reforms.”

emerge v. 冒出consensus n. 共识fiscal a.财政年度in the context of 在…环境中/背景下华盛顿外戴维营总统别墅的2天会谈后,奥巴马总统表示,8国集团领导人已达成共识,即仅靠消减预算不能让欧洲经济复苏:“现在我们已经达成一致/,即在财政和结构改革的背景下/,必须立即采取多种行动,/促进增长,创造就业机会。”

2.Jet fuel prices were about 1/7 of the expenses of the typical airline just a decade ago,

consuming less of the budget than pay for pilots and other workers. But International Air Transport Association Spokesman Perry Flint says that has changed drastically and fuel cost now exceeds salaries. “Today jet fuel is certainly the largest expense/ on the industry wide basis. /We calculate that represents about 34%/ of an airline?s operating expenses.”

dramatically adv. greatly jet fuel 航油on the wide base 在广泛的基础上operating expense 公司营运成本

“在整个行业范围来讲,目前的航空汽油是最大的成本。根据我们的计算,占到航空公司运营费用的约34%”。

3. A pilot project gets underway soon to test whether mobile phones can be used to help educate

the poor. It?s estimated three quarters of the world?s poor have access to mobile phones. More and more people are downloading application software –better known as apps –to their mobile phones. They can be used to play games, navigate,/ surf the web, shop and much, much more./ Now, a project announced at the recent World Economic Forum/ will use an app to help alleviate poverty and improve education.

have access to 有权使用navigate v. 导航alleviate v. reduce/lessen 减缓

APP 手机应用程序

它们(应用软件程序)可以用来玩游戏,还能用于导航、/网上冲浪、购物或者更多。/现在,世界经济论坛宣布一个项目,/最近将会使用一款应用程序来帮助减少贫困、提高教育素质。

4.The Worldwatch Institute report recommends …degrowth?in what it calls …over developed?

countries, and the establishment of green economies. Other recommendations/ include having more corporations that are socially and environmentally responsible;/ making agriculture more productive and efficient;/ and creating a food production system that reduces waste and is environmentally sound.

green economies 绿色经济degrowth 经济逆增长overdeveloped 经济过热/过度sound a.

良好的

“世界观察研究所”的这份报告推荐在那些“过度发展”的国家里,实行所谓的“倒增长”;并开始建立绿色经济模式。这份报告还建议/要加大各个公司和企业的社会和环境责任制/,让农业生产变得更加高效率,/在食品生产过程中减少浪费、降低环境污染。

5. A new report says Norway is the best place in the world to be a mother, while Niger is the

worst. The humanitarian group –Save the Children –has released its State of the World?s Mothers 2012 report. Save the Children President and CEO Carolyn Miles says the report?s been released prior to the annual celebration of Mother?s Day. “The mothers report is an annual report we do that really looks at/ all sorts of different factors for Moms from around the world./ And this year we looked at 165 countries /and we look at where is it the best and the worst place to be a Mom.”

Niger 尼日利亚

“我们每年都会做这份《母亲状况报告》/来为世界各地的妈妈们了解各种不同的因素。/今年我们调查了165个国家,/我们要看看哪里才是最适合和最不适合当妈妈的地方。”

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2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

Unit 11 Cyber World I. New words and expressions New words 1. chatline n. (消遣性的)热线电话交谈服务 2. variety n. (同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样 vary vary from…to… 比较:range / shift from…to… various 3. romance n. 恋爱;爱情 romantic 4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的;异乎寻常的 5. potential adj. 潜在的;可能的 6. script n. 剧本;广播(或讲话等)稿 7. intimacy n . 亲密;关系密切 intimate 8. initial adj. 最初的;开始的 9. perceive v. 将…视为;认为 10. avalanche n. 雪崩;山崩 11. literary adj. 文学的;文学上的 literature literal literary

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A soldier,a communist Party of China,a JavaDevelopment Engineer,anda student,it’sme,my name is Zhang Kaiming.fromhunanprovince.When I retired fromthe army,I faced two difficult choices,going towork directly or continuing further education.I love academic learning and researching.And I have ever got Shanghai scholarship.But without learning for more than two years made melose the confidence tostart from the beginning.Ientered a technology company engaged in development until the appearance of the Enrollment Project for Master Degree Candidates of College Veterans.I decided to bet with my own life and give it a try.This is the reason why I am here.My Alma mater is University ofShanghai for Science and Technology where campus environment is very beautiful.It’salso the place where my dream starts.My major in undergraduate period is the Electronic Information Science and Technology---It’s a subject covering hardware and software knowledge. .Shanghai Jiao Tong University is a place where many students dreamof.therehas long history,profoundculture,strong learning atmosphere and the talents professors.Oncesome onetold me a joke.She said she had ever taken the postgraduate examination.When she thought about whether she should go to Shanghai Jiao Tong university or FudanUniversity,the result is that she thought too much,Becauseshe failed the exam.But now I want to tell her,it not a joke.We should have dreams,What if it will be true?

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

Unit11CyberWorld I.Newwordsandexpressions Newwords 1.chatlinen.(消遣性的)热线电话交谈服务 2.variety?n.(同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样 varyvaryfrom…to… 比较:range/shiftfrom…to… various 3.romance?n.恋爱;爱情 romantic https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f18081908.html,arreadj.极其怪诞的;异乎寻常的 5.potentialadj.潜在的;可能的 6.scriptn.剧本;广播(或讲话等)稿 7.intimacy?n.亲密;关系密切 intimate 8.initialadj.最初的;开始的 9.perceivev.将…视为;认为 10.avalanchen.雪崩;山崩 11.literary?adj.文学的;文学上的 literature literal literary literate liberal

12.versen.诗;韵文 13.animatedadj.栩栩如生的;(似)能活动的 14.inclination?n.倾向;意愿 incline inclined 15.sweatyadj.满是汗的;汗津津的 16.palmn.手掌;手心 17.varyv.相异;不同 18.conveyv.表达,传递(思想、感情等) 19.polishv.修改;润饰;润色 20.intellectn.(尤稻高等的)智力,思维逻辑领悟力 21.personalityn.性格;个性;人格 22.sequencen.顺序;次序 23.reversev.颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反 24.veil?v.掩饰;掩盖 unveil揭露,揭开 25.intellectualadj.智力的;脑力的;理智的 26.familiarity?n.熟悉;通晓 familiar familiarize 27.appearance?n.外貌;外表 28.intensity?n.强烈;紧张;剧烈 intense 29.stirringn.(感情、想法或发展的)开始,出现,萌发

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39 鲁东大学 A 78 黑龙江大学 A B+等(175个):西南林学院、浙江万里学院、石家庄学院、韩山师范学院、国际关系学院、浙江海洋学院、云南大学、大庆师范学院、湖南科技大学、西安交通大学、广东工业大学、怀化学院、北华大学、同济大学、湖南人文科技学院、华北电力大学、江南大学、北京科技大学、内江师范学院、广西大学、商丘师范学院、南京航空航天大学、扬州大学、长江大学、广西师范学院、阜阳师范学院、渭南师范学院、海南大学、温州大学、赣南师范学院、台州学院、东北林业大学、湛江师范学院、中国农业大学、沈阳师范大学、中南民族大学、上海电力学院、淮北煤炭师范学院、黑河学院、佳木斯大学、河北建筑工程学院、青岛大学、泉州师范学院、湖南理工学院、青海师范大学、湖北工业大学、江西财经大学、海南师范大学、玉林师范学院、河南农业大学、电子科技大学、安阳师范学院、安徽财经大学、西藏民族学院、长春师范学院、广东商学院、宜宾学院、哈尔滨学院、韶关学院、南通大学、中国地质大学、沈阳大学、天水师范学院、杭州师范大学、华中农业大学、北京交通大学、乐山师范学院、黔南民族师范学院、河南工业大学、北京联合大学、长江师范学院、嘉应学院、济南大学、重庆文理学院、临沂师范学院、山东农业大学、北京邮电大学、浙江财经学院、川北医学院、内蒙古大学、华东交通大学、福建工程学院、邵阳学院、广东金融学院、遵义师范学院、肇庆学院、曲靖师范学院、盐城师范学院、河北科技师范学院、衡阳师范学院、青岛农业大学、河北科技大学、长沙学院、河北经贸大学、长治学院、绥化学院、白城师范学院、巢湖学院、西北第二民族学院、攀枝花学院、浙江理工大学、大理学院、江苏大学、对外经济贸易大学、成都信息工程学院、安徽科技学院、广西民族大学、郑州航空工业管理学院、四川理工学院、中国民航大学、咸宁学院、许昌学院、哈尔滨工业大学、重庆交通大学、湖南农业大学、孝感学院、陕西理工学院、东华大学、黄冈师范学院、湖北民族学院、浙江中医药大学、湘南学院、茂名学院、咸阳师范学院、江苏工业学院、武汉理工大学、安徽农业大学、苏州科技学院、宝鸡文理学院、内蒙古工业大学、中国计量学院、南华大学、哈尔滨商业大学、内蒙古民族大学、山东财政学院、泰山学院、湖北师范学院、河池学院、西华师范大学、河西学院、佛山科学技术学院、广东海洋大学、上海财经大学、云南农业大学、西安科技大学、江西科技师范学院、南京工业大学、华南热带农业大学、晋中学院、西华大学、桂林电子科技大学、吉林化工学院、红河学院、洛阳师范学院、延边大学、陇东学院、福建农林大学、河北工业大学、大连工业大学、邢台学院、江汉大学、山东理工大学、西南民族大学、贵州民族学院、武汉科技大学、山西师范大学、首都经济贸易大学、华东政法大学、东华理工大学、山东经济学院、潍坊学院、山东体育学院、安徽工程科技学院、成都理工大学、仲恺农业技术学院 B等(175个):淮南师范学院、南阳师范学院、吉首大学、西昌学院、河南财经学院、唐山师范学院、运城学院、黑龙江科技学院、山西财经大学、山东工商学院、喀什师范学院、集美大学、烟台大学、天津大学、天津科技大学、郑州轻工业学院、河北理工大学、长春工业大学、安徽工业大学、襄樊学院、呼伦贝尔学院、大连民族学院、安徽理工大学、河南中医学院、宜春学院、沈阳理工大学、唐山学院、龙岩学院、湖南商学院、贵州师范大学、昆明理工大学、成都学院、齐齐哈尔大学、楚雄师范学院、北京物资学院、中南林业科技大学、大连海事大学、长春理工大学、贵阳医学院、云南民族大学、铜陵学院、廊坊师范学院、西南政法大学、山东建筑大学、江西理工大学、淮阴工学院、榆林学院、大连大学、湖州师范学院、重庆邮电大学、长春大学、广东技术师范学院、西安文理学院、黄山学院、辽宁工业大学、太原理工大学、中北大学、湖南文理学院、成都体育学院、长沙理工大学、伊犁师范学院、云南财经大学、天津工程师范学院、五邑大学、华北煤炭医学院、河南科技学院、汕头大学、淮海工学院、河南科技大学、华北水利水电学院、西安财经学院、山东科技大学、三明学院、衡水学院、周口师范学院、南京中医药大学、邯郸学院、中央民族大学、武汉科技学院、桂林工学院、西南财经大学、南阳理工学院、重庆工学院、上海海事大学、大连交通大学、黄淮学院、西北民族大学、北京林业大学、中国药科大学、西南石油大学、河南理工大学、丽水学院、皖西学院、德州学院、南京信息工程大学、江西农业大学、常州工学院、北京体育大学、滨州医学院、天津工业大学、南京晓庄学院、大连水产学院、北京机械工业学院、西安石油大学、东北电力大学、浙江林学院、忻州师范学院、长春税务学院、北京印刷学院、江苏技术师范学院、广东医学院、西北农林科技大学、甘肃政法学院、南京财经大学、贵阳学院、合肥学院、滨州学院、嘉兴学院、闽江学院、中国政法大学、石河子大学、中华女子学院、沈阳工业大学、厦

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