英语国家概况期末试题答案
I.Explain the following terms:（20分）
1.the British Isles
2.WASPs
3.the Great Lakes
4.the Bill of Rights
5.Queen Elizabeth II
6.the Opposition
7.the Roman occupation
8.the Wars of Roses
9.the NHS
10.the Chinese Exclusion Act
3. the Great Lakes The Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan —— the only one entirely in the U.S. ——Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.
4. the Bill of Rights In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representations a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and became the first ten amendments to the Constitution —— the Bill of Rights.
5. Queen Elizabeth II The present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.
6. the Opposition In the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the offcial Opposition, with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”. The aims of the Opposition are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, to seek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the next general election.
7. William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.
8. the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After
the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.
9. the NHS The National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based first on Acts of Parliament. This Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services. It is based upon the principle that there should be full range of publicly provided services designed to help the individual stay healthy. It is now a largely free service.
1o. the Chinese Exclusion Act It was passed by the U.S. Congress in may, 1882. It stopped Chinese immigration for ten years.
II.Translate the following into Chinese:（10分）
1.Westminster Abby
2.the Church of England
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6a18837797.html,monwealth
4.Mr. Speaker
5.Judicial System
6.the Great Charter
7.the House of Plantagenet
8.Puritans
9.monopoly capitalism
10.the first Pan-American Conference
III．Multi-choices:（20分）
I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:
1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.
A. Scafell
B. Ben Nevis
C. the Cotswolds
D. the Forth
2. The longest river in Britain is _____.
A. the Clyde
B. the Mersey
C. the Severn
D. the Thames
3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.
A. the Lough Neage
B. Windermere Water
C. Coniston Water
D. the Lake District
4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
D. Northem Ireland
5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.
A. Europe
B. the United States
C. Africa
D. the West Indies,
6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.
A. the Normans
B. the Celts
C. the Iberians
D. the Anglo-Saxons
7. British Recorded history began with _____.
A.Roman invasion
B. the Norman Conquest
C. the Viking and Danish invasion
D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion
8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.
A. John
B. James I
C. Egbert
D. Henry I
9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.
A. 1056
B. 1066
C. 1006
D. 1060
10. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.
A. Windsor
B. Tudor
C. Malcolm
D. Plantagenet
11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.
A. Henry III
B. the Pope
C. Barons
D. Simon de Montfort
12. The Hundred Years’ war sta rted in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.
A. 1337, 1453, Flanders
B. 1337, 1453, Calais
C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt
D. 1346, 1453, Brest
13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.
A.30, Richard III, Henry Tudor
B. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor
B. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor
14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.
A. England, 14
B. England, 15
C. Italy, 14
D. Italy, 15
15. The English Civil War is also called _____.
A. the Glorious Revolution
B. the Bloody Revolution
C. the Catholic Revolution
D. the Puritan Revolution
16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.
A. 1620, London
B. 1620, Plymouth
C. 1720, London
D. 1720, Plymouth
17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.
A. the Industrial Revolution
B. the Bourgeois Revolution
C. the Wars of the Roses
D. the Religious Reformation
18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.
A. Canada
B. Australia
C. India
D. Newfoundland
19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:
A. Edward VIII
B. Edward VII
C. George VI
D. George VII
20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.
A. 1957
B. 1967
C. 1973
D. 1979
答案
I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. B 10. D
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C
1.The longest river in Britain is the _____ River. (Severn, Thames, Mersey,
Humber)
2.The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in__ (Scotland, England,
Wales, North Ireland)
3.The English people are descendants of____ (Celts, Roman, Anglo-Saxons,
Vikings)
4.The established church of Britain is___ (the Church of England, Free
churches, )
5.Easter is kept, commemorating the __ (coming, birth, death, resurrection) of
Jesus Christ.
6.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission
of___.
(the Queen, the Prime Minister, the House of Commons, the House of Lords) 7.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of_____.
(the House of Lords, the House of Common, the Privy Council, Parliament)
8.___ is the largest state of the US in area.(Hawii, Texas, Alaska, Pennsylvania)
9.The dominant ethnic group in the US today is_____.
(the black people, WASPs, Asian Americans, Hispanics)
10.People in the US have kept moving westward for reasons except___.
(religious freedom, fertile soil in the West, good climate in the west, discovery gold)
11.The Constitution of the United State was framed in ___in 1787.
(Washington, Boston, New York, Philadelphia)
12.The President of the US exercises the ____ power.
(legislative, executive, judicial, veto)
13.Congress can veto the President’s veto by a ___ vote of the full membership
of
Both houses.(two-fifths, two-thirds, three-fourths, three-fifths)
14.The Constitution of US says that only___ can declare war upon other nation.
(the President, Congress, Department of Defense, the National Security Council)
15.In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?(1939,1940,1941,1942)
16.The British Empire reached the peak of its colonial expansion after____.
( Anglo-Boer War, the First Opium War, World War I, World War II)
17.The American Industrial Revolution began in 1807 with its___ industry.
( shipbuilding, coal mining, textile, machine-making)
18.In the late half of the 19th century, __ was the main objective of the US
overseas expansion.
(India, China, Vietnam, the Philippines)
19.The Spanish-American War strengthened the in___.
(the Far East, Americas, Europe, Africa)
20.The US imperialism was marked by all the following except____.
(highly developed industry, high concentration of capital, overseas territorial expansion,
Free business competition)
III.Fill in the blanks:（30分）
1.Britain is separated from the European continent by ____, _____ ,_____.
2.Britain has a _temperate____, maritime climate.
3.The English people tend to be __conservative_____ characteristic.
4.The present Sovereign is Queen__ElizabethII_, daughter of George VI ,was
crowned in 1953. The British government is constitutional _Monarchy_____.
5.The earliest settlers on the British Islands were_Iberians__ and
Celts___.
6.The Great Charter aimed at restricting the power of the _King___.
7.The British Empire began with the founding of__Newfoundland____ in 1583,
and fell after the _end_Of the World War II.
8.Most of Americans _European___ origin.
9.Since 1790, the US population center gravity has kept moving_West__.
10.Most of the Black people in the US speak_English___,but the Hispanics
speak_Spainish__.
11.In the US, _Protestant____ outnumber other religions groups.
12.The Constitution of the US follows two principles: the__fedarel__ system and
the separation__ powers.
13.River__ (Hudson, https://www.doczj.com/doc/6a18837797.html,wrence Colorado, Missouri) flows through New York
city.
14.In order to grab Cuba, the US went into war with_Spain__ in 1898. As a
result of the war, Spain
Ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to the US.
V. Answer these questions:（20分）
1.Why English is a global Language?
1)The native speakers are great, such as…
2)Some important International organizations see it as Working language,
such as UN, Commonwealth, EEC,EU, Olympic Committ,
3)The English has a long history and rich culture
4)With America development rapidly, it influence deeply in politic ,economy
in the world, so English is world-wide language.
2.How did the United State involved into the World War I? P170.
1)The outbreak of World War I in 1914 is inevitable.
2)At first America remain neutral.
3)In April 1917, German submarines were used to sink American ships on
the sea, it threatening American interests.
3.Tell some American Mountains and Rivers.
1)In the east part is the Appalachian Range, in the west is the Rocky
Mountains
2)The Mississippi River, the Hudson River, the Potomac River
4.Why American is immigrant country?
1)Favorable geographical condition
2)Freedom of Religion in the New land
3)Seek for the big fortune of economy
4)Complete their American dream
5.Why is Britain called a “welfare state”?
1)The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the economic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilities.
2) The system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation.
3)In Britain the term applies mainly to National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security.
Exercises Part one: choose the correct answer: 1.The highest mountain peak in Britain is in ____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 2.The longest river in Britain is ___ A. River Severn B. River Thames C. River Mercy D. River Humber 3. The largest lake in Britain is located in ____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D.Northern Ireland 4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called ___. A. Ben Nevis B. Cross Fell C. Snowdon D. Scafell 5. Which of the following is not the feature of British climate? A. coldness B. more rainy days C. changeability D. more fogs 6. The leading anthracite coalfield in Britain are in ____. A. Scotland B. England C. Wales D. the North Sea 7. The English people are descendant of ___. A. Celts B. Romans C. Anglo-Saxons D. Danes 8. London dialect was once disseminated throught the country Not because London was ____. A. a commercial center B. a political center C. a printing center D. a linguistic center 9. The established church of Britain is ____ A. The Church of England B. The Church of Scotland C. Free churches D. The United Reformed Church 10. British economy in the 1970s was characterized by ____ A. stagnation B. inflation C. recovery D. stagflation 11. Britain is the ____ largest country invested and the investor abroad. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 12. The British beef industry has been hit badly by ____. A. SARS B. BSE C. AIDS D. None of the above 13. The central bank in Britain is ____. A. Lloyd B. Barclay C. Midland D. the Bank of England Part Two Fill in the blanks: 1. The total area of Britain is about ____ square kilometers. 2. The chief ranges in England are the ____ and the ____ Mountains. 3. The English people are the descendant of ____, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the ____. 4. The major languages spoken in Britain are ___，____ and ____. 5. The fishing industry provides ____ % of the UK demand for fish. 6. The British company Glaxo-wellcome is the biggest ____ company in the world. 7. The German company named ___ recently bought Britain’s last major independent car company, Rover. Part Three: Match: 1. Liverpool a, the steel manufacturing center of Britain 2. Hull b, the former center of textile industry of Britain 3. Sheffield c, the fishing port in Hunberside 4. Manchester d, the largest city in Britain 5. Glasgow e, the second largest city in Britain 6. London f, the district of Merseyside 7. Birmingham g, the largest city in Scotland 8. Belfast h, the capital of Wales 9. Edindurgh I, the capital of Northern Ireland 10. Cardiff j, the capital of Scotland Part Four Explain the following terms: 1.the backbone of England 2.the English Channel 3.invisible trade 4.the development areas
Political System 1. The British Monarchy is hereditary 2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the __17th __ century. 3. The __ Crown _ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people. 4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _ the House of Lords ___. 5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is __ the Cabinet __. 6. The life of Parliament is fixed at ___ five _ years. 7. The House of Commons consists of _651___ members who are elected from the _651____ electoral districts. 8. The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, V iscount and Baron, are __ hereditary __. 9. The quorum in the House of Commons is ___ forty _ members. 10. The _ British government _ _____ is the supreme administrative institution. 11. The __ Cabinet is the core of leadership of the British government. 12. The Privy Council was established in the 15th century when __ Henry V __ was on the throne. 13. Not until ___1937 _ could the cabinet have a legal basis. 14. The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about ___20 __. 15. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is __ Lord Chancellor __. 16. ___ The Labour Party _ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives, the Social Democratic Federation, the Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900. 17. It is the _ Prime Minister __ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings. 18. The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _ Opposition ___. 19. London, because of its special location, is divided into _32____ boroughs and the city of London. 20. “The Morning Star” is the official paper of the ___ Communist Party __. 21. The following persons except ___ criminals _ have no right to vote. 22. In England and Wales, the jury consists of ___ twelve _ people in criminal and civil cases. 23. Legally any citizen aged from ___18__ to __65___ who has never been sent to prison can be a member of the jury. 24. The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _ Chief Constable __. 25. A __ barrister ___ appointed to act for the State is called Queen’s Counsel. 26. Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for __ one year _. 27. The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _ the Criminal Division _. 28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as _ Loyalists _. I. Fill in the Blanks 1. The present sovereign is __ Queen Elizabeth II ___ _____. 2. Elizabeth II came to the throne on Feb. 6th, _ 1952 3. The vital power lies in the ___ Prime Minister __ _____, and his/her cabinet. 4. The __ Crown ___ is the only legal and constitutional link binding the members of the Commonwealth to the home country and to one another. 5. The British Parliament consists of three elements – the _ Crown ____, the House of __ Lords ___, and the House of _ Commons ____. 6. The British legislature is _ Parliament ____.
The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
《最新英美概况》 练习参考答案 （本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题） ==================================================== PART TWO The United States Chapter Eight The Land P. 209—210 I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions. 1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 181 2. 2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner. 3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon. 4. June, 14th, June 14th. 5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government. 6. 36, 36 states. 7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence. 8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service. II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A B C D 5. C D III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE: 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T IV Answer the following questions. 1. (1) At first the Continent was named as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci. (2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies first used “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence. (3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when the Second Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation. 2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies. White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God. 3. The stars and strips have different meanings. Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteen colonies before the independence of America.
4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of .在美国20世纪20年代，被描述为一个物质和精神沮丧的成功 7. When we speak of “father of waters” or “old man river”，we are referring to . 当我们说“水”或“老人河之父”，我们指的是密西西比河
8. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from . 凯尔特人是不同群体的古代人来自德国 13. The ， the backbone of the North American continent， is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉，北美大陆的脊梁，也被称为大陆分水岭。
14. To help the British East India Company out of difficulty，the British government allowed the company to sell at a lower price in the colonies through its own people. 为了帮助不列颠东印度公司摆脱困境，英国政府允许公司以较低的价格向殖民地通过自己的人卖茶 21. The first Puritans came to America were on the ship_______. A. Codpeed B. Susan Constant C. May Flower 五月花 D. Discovery
英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一） British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694
1. What is the full name of the U.K.? ----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland? ----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes. 3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they? ----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. 4. Why did English become more important after Black Death? ----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French. 1. Who are the British People? ----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds. 2. What is Standard English? ----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also
《英语国家社会与文化入门》模拟试题及参考答案 Part one Fill in the blanks ( 10 points ) 1.The full name of the United Kingdom is . 2.The Good Friday Agreement, known also as , emerged on 10 April 1998. 3., the ancestor of the present queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829. 4.written by Geoffrey Chaucer is often studied by middle school and college students today. 5.The Bonfire Night, which is celebrated in November, sometimes is also called . 6.Columbus discovered the New World in the year of . 7.The Three Faiths in the US refer to Protestant, and Jewish. 8.In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a novel titled , which intensified the political debate on slavery. 9.1968 was known in US history as a violent and tragic year in which the great leader of The Civil Rights Movement: was assassinated. 10.The Grand Canyon is carved away for nearly 6 million years by the River. Part two Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question: ( 20 points ) 1.Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called . a. Progressivism b. laissez faire c. New Freedom d. New Deal 2. The United States did not join the Second World War directly until in December, 1941. a. Great Depression b. Pearl Harbor incident c. the Japanese attack on China d. the German attack on Poland 3. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as . a. Lord Protector b. Lieutenant General c. Commander of the New Model Army d. President 4. Ireland is in the of Great Britain. a. east b. south c. west d. north 5. WASPs referred to . a. the mainstream Americans b. Hispanics c. Asian-Americans d. Blacks 6. Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution formally ended . a. the immigration movement b. the Civil War
1. The highest mountain in Britain is __B__. A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis C. the Cotswolds D. the Forth 2. The longest river in Britain is __C___. A. the Clyde B. the Mersey C. the Severn D. the Thames 3. The largest lake in Britain is ___A__. A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District 4. The first inhabitants in Britain were __C___. A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons 5. British Recorded history began with __A___. A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion 6. In 829, __C___ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. John B. James I C. Egbert D. Henry I 7. Christmas Day __B__, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 1060 8. In __B___, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America. A. 1620, London B. 1620, Plymouth C. 1720, London D. 1720, Plymouth 9. With regard to its size, the USA is the __D___ country in the world. A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest 10. Among the following rivers, __C___ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S. A. the Potomac B. the Columbia C. the Rio Grande River D. the Colorado 11. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by ___B__. A. James Madison B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. GeorgeWashington 12. On July 4, 1776, ___B__ adopted the Declaration of Independence. A. the First Continental Congress B. the Second Continental Congress C. the Third Continental Congress D. the Constitutional Convention 13. President Jefferson bought __B___ from France and doubled the country’s territory. A. New Mexico B. the Louisiana Territory C. Kansas D. Ohio 14. The first known settlers of Britain were ___D____.