b a o s h u .
c o m
（红宝书 网上附赠）
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题（第三套）
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Gap, J.C. Penney, and other U.S. retailers have long benefited from low costs in China to hold 1 prices in their American stores. A cotton 2 may help change that equation.
China's farms produce about 26 percent of the world's cotton, yet that's not 3 to satisfy the needs of the Chinese companies that make shirts, pants, dresses, and more for U.S. store chains. Cotton futures in China have surged more than 70 percent this year 4 the global economy 5 from recession and consumers worldwide started spending more on clothes. Production in China, the world's biggest user of cotton, is forecast to lag behind demand for 6 12th year, cutting the country's 7 to the smallest level since 1995, according to the U.S. Agriculture Dept. The 8 gives local makers of cotton fabrics a lot of leverage in negotiating prices with 9 manufacturers. “It's a little 10 to deal with cotton suppliers now,” says Vicky Wu, a sales manager at Suzhou Unitedtex Enterprise, a closely held clothes maker 11 in Jiangsu province that counts Gap and Penney's 12 its clients.
Chinese suppliers to the big U.S. retailers have to figure out 13 they can pass on their increased costs. Unitedtex, which sells $24 million worth of shirts and jackets annually to Gap, plans to 14 prices by 5 percent to 30 percent for products available in April, Wu says. Shandong Zaozhuang Tianlong Knitting, which makes Polo Ralph Lauren T-shirts and track suits for Le Coq Sportif Holding, has raised prices as 15 as 70 percent from a year earlier. “If cotton keeps rising like this, we will need to 16 prices by 30 percent by Chinese New Year or we lose money,” says sales manager Fred Hu.
“American consumers better get used to rising prices on the shelves of Wal-Mart and other retailers,” says Jessica Lo, Shanghai-based managing director at China Market Research Group. “China's manufacturers are getting 17 not only by rising cotton costs but also soaring real
estate and labor costs.” John Ermatinger, Gap's Asia president, 18 to say whether Gap will raise prices. “We are going to be 19 of our competition, he says. That's how we'll ultimately 20 our prices.”
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c o m 1. [A] up [B] down [C] on [D] off
2. [A] management [B]shortage [C] requirement [D] technology
3. [A] large [B]empty [C] enough [D] expensive
4. [A] if [B]until [C] as [D] but
5. [A] happened [B] emerged [C] bent [D] enriched
6. [A] the
[B] a [C] one [D] this 7. [A] stockpile [B]
goods [C] things [D] matter 8. [A] remains [B]difficulties [C] sufficient [D]
shortfall 9. [A] silk
[B] coat [C] cloth [D] apparel 10.[A] terrifying [B]
exciting [C] disappointing [D] thrilling 11.[A]connected
[B]closed [C] based [D] worried 12.[A] among [B]
between [C] with [D] without 13.[A] what
[B] that [C] which [D] if 14.[A] cut
[B] raise [C] add [D] deduce 15.[A] much
[B] more [C] little [D] few 16.[A] lift
[B] decrease [C] ignore [D] quit 17.[A] lived [B]
earned [C] made [D] squeezed 18.[A] denies
[B] enjoys [C] prefers [D] declines 19.[A] afraid [B]
ashamed [C] fond [D]mindful 20.[A] draw
[B] establish [C] drive
[D] abolish
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c o m Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Over the next few decades global electricity consumption is expected to double. At the same time, many power plants in rich countries, built back in the 1960s and 1970s, are nearing the end of their projected lifespans. Meanwhile, concern is swelling both about global warming, and about the Western world’s increasing dependence on a shrinking number of hostile or unstable countries for imports of oil and gas. The solution to this conundrum, in the eyes of many governments, is nuclear power.
Around the world, 31 reactors are under construction and many more are in the planning stages. There are good reasons for this enthusiasm. Nuclear reactors emit almost none of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. They are fuelled by uranium, which is relatively abundant and is available from many sources, including reassuringly stable places such as Canada and Australia.
But there are also good reasons for skepticism. Nuclear plants are expensive: each can cost several billion dollars to build. Worse, in the past, ill -conceived designs, safety scares and the regulatory delays they gave rise to made nuclear plants even more costly than their hefty price tags suggest. Vendors of new nuclear plants, such as Areva, General Electric (GE), Hitachi and Westinghouse, argue that things are different now. The latest designs incorporate suggestions from utilities and operators with decades of experience, and should, their creators say, make new plants safer and easier to operate. They believe the simpler new reactors, with their longer lifespans and reduced maintenance costs, will also improve the economics of the industry. The latest generation of reactors, which evolved from models constructed in the 1970s and 1980s, include important improvements over prior designs. Westinghouse’s new AP1000, for example, has “passive safety ”systems that can prevent a meltdown during an emergency without operator intervention.
In the end, the deployment of new nuclear reactors will depend on many factors, including successful waste and proliferation management, improved economics, and perhaps most important, convincing the public that nuclear reactors can be operated safely. Despite these obstacles, there is an undeniable mood of optimism in the industry. Whether that will be enough to spark the deployment of the hundreds of reactors that will be needed to help mitigate the effects of global warming remains to be seen, cautions Richard Lester, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT. Were there to be another disaster like Chernobyl, or a successful terrorist attack on a nuclear plant, all bets would be off. But for now most people in the industry agree that nuclear power’s prospects look brighter than they have in a long time.
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c o m 21．Which of the following is not mentione
d as a major reason for nuclear dawn?
［A ］ Climate change.
［B ］ Insecurity in the supply of fossil fuels.
［C ］ Lack of power plants in the Western world.
［D ］ Safer nuclear power technology.
22．Unlike fossil fuels , ..
［A ］ uranium is cheaper to obtain
［B ］ uranium comes from stable countries
［C ］ nuclear power is less costly but cleaner
［D ］ nuclear power needs less sophisticated technology
23．We learn from Paragraph 3 that .
［A ］ innovation in technology helps to bring about the nuclear dawn
［B ］ General Electric has the latest design of nuclear reactors
［C ］ the latest reactors do not need human intervention for its operation
［D ］ the development of nuclear power improves economic operation
24．Westinghouse’s new AP1000 is mentioned to show .
［A ］ what remedies vendors have added to the old models of reactors
［B ］ what has been done by vendors to make nuclear plants safer
［C ］ how unnecessary maintenance staff is in the newly designed systems
［D ］ why it is necessary to keep a sceptical attitude to new reactors
25．We can conclude that the biggest obstacle to the popularity of nuclear power is .
［A ］ cost ［B ］ technology
［C ］ maintenance ［D ］ safety
Text 2
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective and self -limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and non -self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non -self molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the invaders. Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body 's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self -tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a non -self
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c o m molecule, the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecule, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies passe
d during lactation, this so -called immun
e system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence o
f a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non -self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live, learnin
g necessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to matc
h up with and counteract each non -self invader.
Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen. Tissues or cells from another individual (except an identical twin, whose cells carry identical self -markers) act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, non -antigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitomes, which stick out from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitomes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non -self and execute a misdirected immune attack. The result can be so -called autoimmune disease. The painful side effects of these diseases are caused by a person 's immune system actually attacking itself.
26. We know from the text that the immune syste m＿＿＿.
［A ］ is no less complicated than the nervous system
［B ］ far exceeds the human brain in intricacy
［C ］ is enclosed by numerous sensitive cells
［D ］ results in an effective communications network
27. The principal task of the immune system is to ＿＿＿.
［A ］ recognize and eliminate all foreign molecules that enter the body
［B ］ remove all the substances that invade the body organisms
［C ］ defend the body from the attacks of different viruses and bacteria
［D ］ identify and specify all non -self molecules it encounters
28. The remembering power of a person 's immune system is ＿＿＿.
［A ］ mostly descended from his/her ancestors
［B ］ partially passed down from his/her mother
［C ］ mainly acquired through fighting against foreign cells
［D ］ basically generated by its communications network
29. A tissue transplanted from father to daughter would be less acceptable than that
transplanted between twins because ＿＿＿.
［A ］ the ages of the twins ' tissues are exactly alike
［B ］ the twins ' tissues have with them the same self -markers
［C ］ the father and daughter are different in sex
［D ］ the twins ' immune systems possess identical memory
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c o m 30.The main idea of the text may be generalize
d as ＿＿＿.
［A ］ the success of the immune system in distinguishing foreign substances
［B ］ the normal and abnormal activities of the immune system in the body
［C ］ the unfavorable effects of the immune system on organ transplantation
［D ］ the essential duties of the immune system in guarding the body
Text 3
Many freshmen arrive on campus depressed and anxious and feel worse as the year progresses. At the same time, colleges must also negotiate the legal and emotional pitfalls of caring for their charges, not children but not yet fully adults. “This is an age group that’s tricky,” says DeWitt Crosby, a psychologist at Davidson College in North Carolina.“They are adults by law, but they’re still dealing with making decisions on their own.”
The number of freshmen reporting less than average emotional health has been steadily rising since 1985.The American College Health Association reports that 76 percent of students felt “overwhelmed ”while 22 percent were sometimes so depressed they couldn’t function. “I see more and more students with long -standing eating disorders, students with a number of bouts of depression, students with a major trauma in their history, and students with substantial personality problems that interfere with functioning,” says Crosby.
College therapists cite several reasons for the apparent deterioration in student mental health. Not only has this generation grown up in the much -maligned era of the disintegrating American family, it is also more used to therapy and so more likely to seek help. As competition to get into college gets tougher, students burn out before they even get there. And kids with severe psychological problems, who in the past wouldn’t even have made it to college, now take drugs that help them succeed.
Colleges first created counseling centers for students who needed career and academic advice. The ballooning caseloads mean there isn’t the time or the staff to offer long -term therapy to any but the most troubled.“You can’t load up with the first 100 students and see them regularly without having openings for new people,”says Gallagher. Instead, colleges focus on getting students over immediate crises. Nearly half of the schools that Gallagher surveys limits the number of client sessions, with the limits ranging from about four to 12. One Yale student suffering from anxiety during his sophomore year rarely saw the same counselor twice. “It felt like the person I was talking to wasn’t really there,”he says. Some schools have tried filling the gap by getting more involved in students’ lives. MIT is putting together support teams of physicians, other health -care professionals, and experienced counselors to spend time in the dorms, socializing with the students and keeping an eye on them.
So where do parents fit in all this? In many case, they don’t. Federal privacy laws reinforce the separation by forbidding the release of educational records to anyone by the student. So despite those large tuition checks, parents other don’t get a full picture of what their children’s lives are really like.
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c o m 31. The “pitfall” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means .
［A ］an unexpected difficulty
［B ］an unforeseen result
［C ］a strong argument
［D ］a controversial issue
32. Which of the following is mentioned as a problem concerning students’ emotional health? ［A ］Suicide.
［B ］Sleeplessness.
［C ］A mental scar.
［D ］A stomach disorder.
33. Many college students are in poor mental health partially because . ［A ］they were born with some serious personality defects
［B ］they can not stand up to various kinds of examinations
［C ］they are more likely to turn to their parents for help
［D ］their parents’ marriage tends to end up with divorce
34. By giving the example of a Yale student (Paragraph 4), the author suggests that .
［A ］the experts in counseling centers are too busy to show up
［B ］There is a lack of experts who can give students good treatment
［C ］some experts in counseling centers lack professional dedication
［D ］Yale lags behind in providing timely treatment for its students
35. Students’ parents don’t give their children a hand because .
［A ］they’re uncertain how serious the children’s illness is
［B ］they’re not allowed to peep at their children’s diaries
［C ］they’re unable to know the children’s academic performance
［D ］they’re allowed to pay for most of the children’s tuition
Text 4
Drunk drivers cause hundreds of traffic accidents each year, many of which end in fatalities. In recent years, two organizations have been formed to combat this deadly menace. MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) was formed to stop drunk driving kids and teens, support the victims of and prevent underage drinking. SADD (Students Against Destructive Decisions) was created to provide students with the best prevention and tools to deal with underage drinking ，drug use, impaired driving and other destructive decisions. The two organizations take different approaches to drunk driving and each is succeeding in its own way.
MADD was founded in 1980 by Cindy Lightner, following the death of her 13 year old
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c o m daughter who was kille
d by a drunk driver out of bail for a hit and run accident only two days earlier. Lightner and other mothers who had lost children to drunk drivers formed MADD in an effort to stop th
e more than 30,000 alcohol related driving deaths each year. They worked ，not only to educate the public about the dangers o
f drunk driving, but to change societal attitudes about drinkin
g and driving. MADD expanded its campaign from “Don 't Drive Drunk ” to “Don 't Drink and Drive.” To accomplis
h this, it has recommended higher beverage taxes, lower drunk driving arrest thresholds, and roadblocks designed to frighten people out of social drinking. It has also created Victim Impact Panels, where people convicted of driving while intoxicated hear the stories of parents, relatives and friends of victims of drunk driving accidents. Twenty -six years after the founding of MADD ，alcohol related driving deaths in the United States have been reduced to about 17,000 annually.
SADD was founded by Robert Anastas of Wayland High School in Massachusetts as Students Against Driving Drunk in 1981. SADD emerged as a response to more than 6,000 young people being killed in alcohol related accidents each year. SADD 's approach to the problem was to develop educational programs in school chapters ranging from middle schools to colleges. In 1997, SADD expanded its mission to include underage drinking, substance abuse, impaired driving, violence, and suicide. SADD 's programs are keyed to the needs of individual school locations. These include peer -led classes, forums, workshops, conferences and rallies, and other awareness raising activities. Over its first decade, SADD has worked with many federal and state agencies, nonprofit groups and foundations to get its message across. By 1990，due in part to the work of SADD, the number of young people killed in alcohol related accidents fell to 2,000 per year.
Both MADD and SADD have been influential in reducing the number of alcohol related deaths in the United States. Each has taken a different approach to the problem of drunk driving and come up with viable solution.
36. Which of the following statements is true of the text?
［A ］ Traffic accidents would be eliminated without drunk driving.
［B ］ Both MADD and SADD are dedicated to curbing drunk driving.
［C ］ MADD was formed much earlier and did much more than SADD.
［D ］ MADD takes a more effective approach to drunk driving than SADD.
37. According to the author ，Cindy Lightner ＿＿＿.
［A ］ was a victim of an alcohol related traffic accident
［B ］ founded MADD in memory of her lost daughter
［C ］ lost her daughter in a hit and run accident
［D ］ was determined to reduce drunk driving
38. According to the text, MADD ＿＿＿.
［A ］ urges drunk drivers to hear bitter stories
［B ］ tries its best to frighten people out of drinking
［C ］ has considerably reduced alcohol related driving deaths
［D ］ manages to change public 's attitude toward drunk driving
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c o m 39. As a result of SADD 's effort, ＿＿＿.
［A ］ its mission includes much more than ever before
［B ］ fewer young people have been killed by drunk driving
［C ］ it responds to alcohol related accidents more promptly
［D ］ more educational programs have been developed in schools
40. Which of the following is the best title for this text?
［A ］ Two Influential Organizations
［B ］ The Menace of Drunk Driving
［C ］ The Fight against Drunk Driving
［D ］ How to Reduce Traffic Accidents
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about world’s first DNA computers. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
[A] The ability of DNA to store information
[B] Examples for the future use of DNA computers
[C] The advantage of DNA computers
[D] The research of DNA computers is at the beginning stage
[E] The working principle of the microscopic computers
[F] The evaluation made by the researching team on DNA computers
Israeli scientists have built a DNA computer so tiny that a trillion of them could fit in a test tube and perform a billion operations per second with 99.8 percent accuracy.
41.
It is the first programmable autonomous computing machine in which the input, output, software and hardware are all made of biomolecules. Instead of using figures and formulas to solve a problem, the microscopic computer’s input, output and software are made up of DNA molecules—which store and process encoded information in living organisms.
42.
Scientists see such DNA computers as future competitors to their more conventional cousins because miniaturization is reaching its limits and DNA has the potential to be much faster than
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c o m conventional computers. “We have built a nanoscale computer made of biomolecules that it so small you cannot run them one at a time. When a trillion computers run together they are capable of performing a billion operations.” sai
d Ehud Shapiro, Professor of th
e Weizmann Institute in Israel.
43.
Although too simple to have any immediate applications it could form the basis of a DNA computer in the future that could potentially operate within human cells and cat as a monitoring device to detect potentially disease-causing changes and synthesize drugs to fix them. The model could also form the basis of computers that could be used to screen DNA libraries in parallel without sequencing each molecule, which could speed up the acquisition of knowledge about DNA.
44.
DNA can hold more information in a cubic centimeter than a trillion CDS. The double helix molecule that contains human genes stores date on four chemical bases—known by the letters A, T,
C and G—giving it massive memory capability that scientists are only just beginning to tap into.
“The living cell contains incredible molecular machines that manipulate information-encoding molecules such as DNA and RNA in ways that are fundamentally very similar to computation.” said Shapiro, the head of the research team that developed to DNA computer. “Since we don’t know how to effectively modify these machines of create new ones just yet, the trick is to find naturally existing machines that, when combined, can be steered to actually compute,” he added.
45.
Writing in the science journal Nature, Shapiro and his team describe their DNA computer the automaton which can answer certain yes or no questions. Data in represented by pairs of molecules on a strand of DNA and two naturally occurring enzymes act as the hardware to read, copy and manipulate the code. When it is all mixed together in the test tube, the software and hardware operate on the input molecule to create the output.
DNA computing is a very young branch of science that started less than a decade ago, when Leonard Adleman of the University of Southern California pioneered the field by using DNA in a test tube to solve a mathematical problem.
Scientists around the globe are now trying to marry computer technology and biology by using nature’s own design to process information.
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c o m Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
（46）With regard to property market prices, concerns about market bubbles need to be separated from concerns about the affordability of housing ownership for low -and middle -income people. When prices on China 's real estate market are rising rapidly, as now, concerns about possible overheating of the market and bubbles are combined with concerns that lower -and middle -income people cannot afford to buy an apartment in or close to the center of large cities. As a result, the government sometimes takes measures to influence the general market price. Actually these two types of concerns require very different policy responses.
（47）In addition to an appropriate macroeconomic stance, ensuring financial and macroeconomic stability calls for improving the functioning of markets and reducing distortions. First, the functioning of the housing market can be improved, including by improving the quality and consistency of data on prices and vacancies.（48）As a result of poor data on the real estate sector, there is a lack of clarity about affordability —the ratio between housing prices and household income —the often -used indicator of the potential for negative price corrections. The real estate market would benefit from more representative data on property prices and how they compare to incomes of different groups. Second, the land transfer and sale process can be improved.（49）A key objective should be to reduce the incentives of local governments for high prices of real estate and land, including by reducing their reliance on land sales for their revenue, by introducing a stable form of local revenue such as a property tax or adjusting the tax sharing arrangements between the central and local governments. Third, it is important to monitor and regulate the financial market aspect of housing finance —including the development of instruments such as mortgage backed loans and the refinancing market.
On the other hand, concerns about the affordability of houses for lower -and middle -income people should be dealt with by a predictable, rule -based government support framework. （50）In a market economy, objectives such as improving the access of people to housing or making housing more affordable are a responsibility of the government and need to be furthered through specific government support, not via measures or intervention with respect to the overall market. The government support could be based on subsidies or public housing, but should be in the form of a long -term framework. It would need to be led and probably also backed by the Central Government.
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c o m Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Ten days ago you bought the phone, and now it is out of work. You want to write a letter to give after sales department, complaint problems, and ask them to give a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay of 160 200 words, in which you should ：
1) Describe the pictures briefly.
2) Interpret its meaning.
3) Give your comment.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
人和钉子一样，失去了方向就开始弯曲。
全国卷高考英语模拟试题 一、单项选择 26. The car looks quite new. Actually, it is ______ used one. A. a B. an C. the D. / 27. -Excuse me, but is that my passport? -Oh, sorry, I took ______ by mistake. A. yours B. mine C. hers D. his 28. -How was your interview yesterday? -Oh, I couldn’t fell ______. I could hardly answer most of the questions they asked. A. easier B. worse C. better D. happier 29. The mother is the center of the home, the ______ that holds it together. A. blue B. glue C. rule D. tool 30. We’re old enough to ______ some problems by ourselves. A. get on B. get into C. get over D. get off 31. The students are used to ______ physical exercise in the morning. A. do B. doing C. did D. have done 32. He looks tired. It seems he ______ too much. A. practices B. will practice C. has practiced D. is practicing 33. -Why did the truck break into the building? - Because the driver ______ on the phone. A. have talked B. talked C. has talked D. was talking 34. - Maria, I looked for you everywhere at the Kevin’s birthday party yesterday. - Oh, I didn’t go, because I ______. A. hasn’t invited B. wasn’t invited C. isn’t invited D. didn’t invite 35. -Mr. Wang, could you tell me ______ the magazines? -At most ten days. A. how often I can keep B. how often can I keep C. how long I can keep D. how long can I keep 二、完形填空 Many of us enjoy watching animals in the world. But do you know they can teach us? Geese(雁), for example, teach a very good lesson about ___36___. In the fall, Canada geese fly to the warm south to ____37__ Canada’s cold winter. They lift off in no order. Yet ___38___ they from a V shape, with one bird leading the group. This V shape allows geese to ___39____ energy. When the front bird moves its wings up and down, the resulting force of the air lifts the next one. This continues down the line. The bird ___40___ has the hardest job. When it gets ___41___, it moves behind, and another bird moves into the lead. By sharing the role, the group can travel great distances. Geese flying in a V shape can fly 70 percent farther without ___42___ than birds flying alone. During the long flying journey, geese communicate with one another. They honk(鸣叫) to ___43___ the birds up front to keep up the speed. They also cheer each other up ___44___ working toward a common goal. What have we learned from the lovely geese’s experience and skills? ___45___ together! Whether it is our personal lives or our jobs, we need other people. We need the spirit of teamwork. 36. A. experience B. success C. friendship D. teamwork 37. A. look for B. get away from C. wait for D. walk away from
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科综合能力测试（化学部分） 以下数据可供解题时参考： 相对原子质量（原子量）：Hl Cl2 N14 016 Na23 Mg 24 A1 27 S 32 C1 35.5 Cr52 Fe 56 Cu 64 1．等浓度的下列稀溶液：①乙酸、②苯酚、③碳酸、④乙醇，它们的pH 由小到大排列正确的是 A ．④②③① B ．③①②④ C ．①②③④ D ．①③②④ 2．下列叙述错误的是 A ．用金属钠可区分乙醇和乙醚 B ．用高锰酸钾酸性溶液可区分己烷和3-己烯 C ．用水可区分苯和溴苯 D ．用新制的银氨溶液可区分甲酸甲酯和乙醛 3．在容积可变的密闭容器中，2mol 2N 和8mol 2H 在一定条件下反应，达到平衡时，2H 的转化率为25％，则平衡时氨气的体积分数接近于 A ．5％ B ．10％ C ．15％ D ．20％ 4．室温时，将浓度和体积分别为1c 、1V 的NaOH 溶液和2c 、2V 的3CH COOH 溶液相混合，下 列关于该混合溶液的叙述错误的是 A ．若7ph >，则一定是 1122c v c v = B ．在任何情况下都是3()()()()c Na c H c CH COO c OH ++-- +=+ C ．当pH=7时，若12v v =，则一定是21c c > D ．若 12v v =，21c c =，则 33()()()c CH COO c CH COOH c Na -+ += 5．用石墨作电极电解4CuSO 溶液。通电一段时间后，欲使电解液恢复到起始状态，应向溶液中 加入适量的 ． A ．4CuSO B ．2H O C ．CuO D ．CuS04·52H O 6．将足量2CO 通入下列各溶液中，所含离子还能大量共存的是 A ．233K Cl NO +--- 、SiO 、、 B ．3244H Al SO +++- 、NH 、、 C ．224Na OH SO +--- 、S 、、 D ．6533Na C COO HCO +--- 、H O 、CH 、
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A If you frequently travel for business，Staybridge Suites offer you a range of home comforts．Four recent visitors to Staybridge Suites explain why they booked，what they enjoyed and what made them want to return． Claire Metcalf "The concept is great，but the staff are the ones who really make it．"she says．"It takes a lot of discipline to always be friendly，but the staff at Staybridge Suites do that．They genuinely care about you．" Andrew Roberts "One of the best things is having my own kitchen．I often end up working late and I don't fancy eating in a restaurant on my own，so cooking for myself is a big drawcard．" "The main thing for me is being able to cook and have my own little flat．The staff are amazing．It is great to be recognized by them，"he says． Pauline Robinson "What I love about it is the way that you are treated by the staff，"she says．"Some of the staff have been there all that time and they do look after you well．As a woman staying on my own，it is reassuring that they look out for you，and recently when I was poorly they even brought things I needed to my room．" Ryan Ruckledge "The fully﹣equipped kitchen is great．I always have a one﹣bed apartment so I have a separate kitchen and dining room and I'm able to relax and cook some meals．Eating out can feel a bit much when you do it day in and day out﹣it makes you hate what you do﹣and I don't want that． 21．What attracts visitors to Staybridge Suites A．A separate dining room．B．A one﹣bed apartment． C．A home from home．D．A lot of discipline． 22．Who think highly of the kitchen of Staybridge Suites A．Pauline Robinson and Ryan Ruckledge．B．Ryan Ruckledge and Claire Metcalf． C．Andrew Roberts and Ryan Ruckledge．D．Pauline Robinson and Claire Metcalf． 23．What does the underlined word ‘drawcard' in Paragraph 3 probably mean
2017年高考英语模拟试题（全国卷一） 第Ⅰ卷（共100分） 第一部分听力（共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does this conversation probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a department store. C. In the office. 2．What time is now? A. 6:45. B.7:15. C.7:45. 3. What do we know about Mike? A. He is on vacation. B. He likes travelling. C. He likes collecting postcards. 4. What does the man mean? A. Roger never takes a bus. B. Roger couldn't afford a car. C. Roger needn't take a bus now. 5. Why does the man want to change his job? A. He can’t bear the working hours.B．He is not paid well. C. He has found a better job. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料并回答第6至7题。 6. If possible, what will they do this weekend? A. Go climbing B. Go for a picnic. C. Go skating 7. How long will the weather last like this? A. 2 months B. 3months C.4 months 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8.Why does the woman come to the library？
内蒙古包头市第四中学2018届高考理综模拟试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。其中第Ⅱ卷第33～40题为选考题，其它题为必考题。考生作答时，将答案写在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。 第Ⅰ卷(共126分) 有关元素的相对原子质量是： H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 F-19 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Zn-65 一、选择题：本题包括13小题。每小题6分，共78分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意。1．比较胚胎干细胞与胰腺腺泡细胞，相同的是( ) A．线粒体的功能 B．发育的全能性 C．膜蛋白的种类和数量 D．内质网上核糖体的数量 2．我国古代劳动人民积累的丰富农业生产经验，至今许多仍在实践中应用。下列叙述与植物激素作用无直接关系的是( ) A．适时打顶去心，可促植株开花结实。（据《农桑辑要》） B．肥田之沃，种绿豆最佳，小豆、芝麻次之。（据《齐民要术》） C．正月种白稻，五月收获后，根茬长新稻，九月又成熟。（据《广志》） D．前摘未熟红杮，每篮放木瓜两三枚，得气即发，涩味尽失。（据《格物粗谈》） 3. 人或动物PrP基因编码一种蛋白(PrP c),该蛋白无致病性。 PrP c的空间结构改变后成 为PrP Bc(朊粒)，就具有了致病性。PrP Bc可以诱导更多PrP c的转变为PrP Bc，实现朊粒的增——可以引起疯牛病.据此判——下列叙述正确的是( ) A.朊粒侵入机体后可整合到宿主的基因组中 B.朊粒的增殖方式与肺炎双球菌的增殖方式相同 C.蛋白质空间结构的改变可以使其功能发生变化 D. PrP c转变为PrP Bc的过程属于遗传信息的翻译过程 4.下列与实验有关的叙述，正确的是( ) A．人的口腔上皮细胞经处理后被甲基绿染色，其细胞核呈绿色 B．剪取大蒜根尖分生区，经染色在光镜下可见有丝分裂各时期 C．叶绿体色素在层析液中的溶解度越高，在滤纸上扩散就越慢 D．在光镜的高倍镜下观察新鲜菠菜叶装片，可见叶绿体的结构
高考英语完形填空考点归纳 完形填空考点归纳 以下是对近十多年来高考完形填空难度变化的一点体会： 高考考试说明对完形填空题型有以下规定：考生必须通篇考虑，掌握大意，综合运用所学的词汇和语法等知识，选择最佳答案。总地来说，有以下两个特点： 一、单纯的语法知识、固定搭配、惯用法、常用句型、词语辨异等趋于淡化。下面仅以词语辨异为例总结如下： 1、night/evening night指the time of darkness between evening and morning;而evening 指the time between sunset and bedtime. 2、know/learn/notice know知道；熟悉learn 听说；认识到；了解notice 注意到 3、sound/cry/voice/shout/noise sound 泛指各种声音cry，voice，shout一般都指人的声音noise 指噪音 4、take place 预料中的发生；happen意料外的发生；occur 两者兼有 What happened to（became of）you?你发生了什么事？ 5、anxious/eager/worried/hurried/nervous anxious 渴望的（eager）;担心的（worried ）hurried匆忙的nervous 神经紧张的 6、admire/enjoy admire oneself自我欣赏enjoy oneself玩得高兴 7、fun/joke/trick fun和joke都有开玩笑之意，fun不可数，joke是可数名词、前面要加不定冠词a play /a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑；a practical joke＝a trick恶作剧；play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人。 8、wonder/imagine/notice/examine wonder想知道；imagine想象；notice 注意到；examine 考查 9、way/means/method means[常用作单]方法；手段，工具; a means to an end达到目的方法；method方法、办法，与way 可以替换使用。 10、path/road/way path 小路；人行道road公路way 道路the way to the station 11、idea/opinion/suggestion/advice/tip idea 主意；意见opinion 意见；见解 suggestion可数advice不可数tip n.告诫，提示；劝告 12、examine/check/search examine 检查；诊察；审查，目的在于想了解有关的情况；check核实，检查，目的在于判断正误或是否正常；search搜查 13、usual/spare修饰 usual惯常的，平常的spare空闲的（free） 14、instead/however都作副词时，instead"而是"含有某种对比，however"可是""仍然"含有"转折""让步"的意思。 15、lost/missing/gone都可表示"丢失""不见了" lost可作定语；用被动语态；missing和gone一般作表语 16、pour/drop pour倒，灌；drop 使滴下，使落下 17、admire/inspire/support admire钦佩inspire鼓舞support 支持 18、courage/spirit/strength courage勇气spirit 精神strength力气 19、journey/travel/trip journey长途旅行travel广义的旅行trip旅行（一次来回）a round trip
高三英语模拟试题 （满分135分，考试时间120分钟） 一、语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完型填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1---15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 Exam anxiety is something that almost every person experiences during his or her student life. Little anxiety actually helps one __(1)__ and work hard for the exams. However, if students spend all their time in feeling __(2)__ , a lot of valuable study time would be lost. In this competitive world, __(3)__ cause a lot of nervousness in students. For some, exam anxiety encourages them to work hard, while for others it may be the root cause for poor performance, leading to academic __(4)__ and lack of confidence. In fact, some students are anxious by nature and easily get nervous when they face a(n) ___(5)___ situation. They will think __(6)__ even if they have prepared well. They fear that they may __(7)__ what they have studied, and when it is too much, their __(8)__ is likely to come true. One of the most important methods of __(9)__ exam anxiety is to prepare well in advance. Studying regularly for a few hours every day helps increase the __(10)__ of students. If students are not able to handle anxiety or nervousness, they could talk to their teachers, parents, friends or instructors. __(11)__ should also avoid giving pressure to their kids to do well. Creating a peaceful and __(12)__ atmosphere at home can be greatly helpful. To __(13)__ and sleep properly is also important. Students tend to avoid sleep and starve themselves due to anxiety, but it is __(14)__ to their academic performance and health. It’s better that students should plan their time well and take proper breaks between studying. They should always remember to set aside some time for their __(15)__ since some entertainment helps them relax and concentrate. 1. A. concentrate B. relax C. succeed D. experience 2. A. curious B. confident C. anxious D. calm 3. A. plans B. breaks C. jobs D. exams 4. A. failure B. achievement C, preparation D. performance 5. A. peaceful B. stressful C. natural D. avoidable 6. A. positively B. confidently C. intentionally D. negatively 7. A. remember B. forget C. learn D. lose 8. A. fear B. dream C.experience D. competition 9. A. increase B. feeling C. avoiding D. creating 10. A. relaxation B. pressure C. nervousness D. confidence 11. A. Teachers B. Parents C. Friends D. Instructor 12. A. relaxing B. exciting C. depressing D. worrying 13. A. learn B. play C. rest D. eat 14. A. helpful B. harmful C. important D. useless 15. A. studies B. situations C. hobbies D. meals 第二节语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
2018届普通高等学校高三招生全国统一考试模拟试题 英语（三） 注意事项： 1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第I 卷（选择题） 一、完形填空 During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge. But what normally ______ the shopping spree (疯狂购物) is not ______ but regret. That’s because many people just buy things to fill the ______ in their hearts, but accumulating things actually ______ the burden in their minds. The concept of Danshari may provide a(n)______ to the problem. Danshari was based on three Chinese characters, duan she li,______ refusal, disposal (清除) and separation. It promotes the idea of getting rid of ______ things and separating oneself from the drive to own ______ possessions. There are two basic rules that ______ whether you should keep something---the relationship between you and the item under ______ as well as the timing. So before you ______ your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I ______ it now? Does it suit me? Danshari encourages you not only to ______ yourself things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to ______ their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and ______ items, regularly ______ things you don’t need any more, then you’ll get freedom in your heart. However, it doesn’t mean that you should ______ your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should ______ yourself rather than material goods. Through ______ what to buy and what to get rid of, you can see a deeper reflection of yourself,______ learning to make wise decisions about more important things. 1．A. prevents B. follows C. starts D. promotes 2．A. expectation B. wealth C. satisfaction D. relief 3．A. emptiness B. needs C. silence D. space 4．A. measures B. covers C. relieves D. indicates 5．A. limit B. alternative C. solution D. introduction 6．A. meaning B. abolishing C. violating D. predicting 7．A. updated B. temporary C. used D. unnecessary 8．A. private B. material C. valuable D. popular 9．A. prove B. permit C. decide D. affect 10．A. guarantee B. consideration C. control D. discussion 11．A. change B. create C. provide D. enter 12．A. need B. try C. want D. match 13．A. deny B. prepare C. spare D. serve 14．A. fix B. risk C. enrich D. simplify 15．A. special B. cheap C. suitable D. optional 16．A. discover B. recycle C. update D. abandon 17．A. fuel B. identify C. kill D. balance 18．A. reflect on B. focus on C. give up D. cheer up 19．A. choosing B. avoiding C. comparing D. mentioning 20．A. rather B. otherwise C. therefore D. still 二、阅读理解 A The Grand Canyon(大峡谷)Helicopter Tour You'11 discover the natural beauty of the Grand Canyon as your helicopter flies to the west edge ，passing over Lake Las Vegas ，Lake Mead and the Hoover Dam ．During the flight ，you can listen to a recorded introduction to the Grand Canyon and its surroundings via headphones ．At noon ，you’11 land for an unforgettable champagne picnic ，3，200 feet below the edge ．While you share a bottle of champagne ，your pilot and guide will be happy to answer any questions you may have ．Your flight ends with a low-level pass over the famous Las Vegas Strip ．On landing ，a comfortable car is waiting to bring you back to your hotel ． Each helicopter carries a maximum of 6 people including your pilot ．For a roomier experience ，upgrade your flight to an EC-130 helicopter which provides larger leg room and can accommodate more weight per seat ．See Additional Info for details on weight restrictions ． 此卷 只 装 订 不 密 封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
新课标2018年高考理综（物理）模拟试题 （考试时间：150分钟；满分：300分） 第Ⅰ卷（选择题共108分） 本卷共18小题，每小题6分，共108分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求。 13．关于物理学史，以下说法错误的是： A．法拉第研究电磁感应现象，总结出电磁感应定律 B．开普勒认为对任意一个行星来说，它与太阳的连线在相等的时间内扫过相等的面积 C．伽利略通过“理想斜面实验”，科学地推理出“力不是维持物体运动的原因” D．卡文迪许利用卡文迪许扭秤实验装置首次测出了静电力常量 14．一束由红、蓝两单色光组成的光以入射角 由空气射到半圆形玻璃砖表面的A处，AB是半圆的直径。进入玻璃后分为两束，分别为AC、AD，它们从A到C和从A到D的时间分别为1t和2t，则 A.AC是蓝光， t小于2t 1
B.AC 是红光，1t 小于2t C.AC 是蓝光，1t 等于2t D.AC 是红光，1t 大于2t 15.如图所示，50匝矩形闭合导线框ABCD 处于磁感应强度大小210B T 的水平匀强磁 场中，线框面积S=0.5m 2 ，线框电阻不计。 线框绕垂直于磁场的轴OO ′以角速度ω=200 rad ／s 匀速转动，并与理想变压器原线圈相连，副线圈接入一只 “220V ，60W ”灯泡，且灯泡正常发光，熔断器允许通过的最大电流为10A ，下列说法正确的是 A ．中性面位置穿过线框的磁通量为零 B ．线框中产生交变电压的有效值为2500V C ．变压器原、副线圈匝数之比为25∶22 D ．允许变压器输出的最大功率为5000W 16．一列简谐横波，t=0时刻的波形如图中实线所示，t=0.2 s （小于一个周期）时刻的波形如图中的虚线所示，则 A ．波一定向右传播 B ．波的周期T=0.05s C ．波的传播速度可能为90 m ／s
2020届全国高考考前大冲刺卷模拟卷（五）英语试题 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力 本次训练无听力 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A You can either travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way. The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Traveling just like reading, is a refreshing journey from the busy world. Books, brain food, can keep you company on your travel. On the Road, 1957, by Jack Kerouac The book is a globally popular spiritual guide book about youth. The main character in the book drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life. The book can be a good partner with you to explore the United States. Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said, “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” The book tells a young artist’s romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams, and has a relationship. Experience the artist’s passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe. The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life. The Stories of Sahara, 1967, by Sanmao The book narrates the author’s simple but adventurous life in the Sahara Desert, which seems a desolate and dull place. The fancy natural scen ery and life there, along with the author’s romantic and intensive emotion, will inspire you to explore the mysterious land. Reading the book is like participating in a dialogue with the author, who is sincere and humorous.
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷） 英语 本试题卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）。第Ⅰ卷至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至10页， 共10页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草纸上答题不小。考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回 第一节第Ⅰ卷（选择题共90分） 注意事项： 1.必须使用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所选答案对应的标号涂黑 2.第Ⅰ卷共两部分，共计90分。 第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，共40分） 第一节单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 1.—Sorry, I forgot to lock the door. —______ .Mike can do it later. A.No way B. Take your time C. Nothing serious D. You're welcome 2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs! A .must B. may C. can D.will 3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us. A．which B.what C.whose D.that 4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. A.are being built B.will be built C.have been built D.had been built 5.Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be Beethoven. A.a B.an C.the D.不填 6.There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live. A.since B. until C.when D. before 7.Andy is content with the toy.It is he has ever got. A.a better B.the better C.a best D.the best 8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution. A.where B.why C.what D.which 9.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him. A.amaze B.amazing C.amazed D.to amaze 10.Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge. A.nothing B.no one C.neither D.none 第二节完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.That first year,I__11_feeding peanuts to the blue jays,then the squirrels.The squirrels had no__12__coming up right to me for them.As the months went by ,the rabbits saw that I was no 13 and didn’t escape.When I threw carrot slices(薄片)，they even came for a nibble(啃).Slowly they came to_14___me,and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand. That second year,the rabbits__15___me,and one would even sit up for slices!While I was feeding them,I__16__that a groundhog who used to run away was now taking an____17__interest in this food situation.I carefully extended a long____18__,with a keen eye on those teeth,and __19_,there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit,both munching(津津有味地咀嚼) on carrots.A few months later,while ___20___,she would even turn her back to me.___21_when she was facing away,I reached out and ___22__scratched（搔）her back with my finger,She didn’t move. By year three,the rabbits and the groundhog were back.The groundhog ___23__didn’t have a problem with me scratching her back,and I got an ides,I’d always___24__,while slicing up carrots,that the end looked like a cap.____25___one day,just to see what she would do ,I gently ____26__ one on top of the groundhog’s head.Again,not a ___27__,The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here,one of several dozen such pictures,____28___she had a slice to eat,she never ___29___ the one on her head.It was a fair __30__ —I got a pleasure,and she had yet another tasty treat.