Tian Li-English-Unit 1-Words and Phrases
Active Reading 1: Diary of a fresher
Gap: n. a period of time between two events间隔，间断
? A gap in the conversation 谈话的间隙
Translate:
?他们阔别20年后又见面了。They met again after a gap of 20 years.
Adjectives which can go before Gap in this meaning include:
Awkward long short time
Translate:
?I was wondering how to fill the awkward gap in the conversation.
Gap: n. space between things空隙，缺口
? A gap in a hedge/fence/wall 树篱、篱笆、墙壁的豁口
?Leave a gap between your car and the next. 在车与车之间留条道。
Adjectives which can go before Gap in this meaning include:
big huge large / small wide / narrow awkward
Verbs which can go before Gap in this meaning include:
fill seal
Gap: n. difference差距
?The gap between the rich and the poor 贫富之间的差距
?The gap between theory and practice 理论与实践之间的脱节
Translate:
?贫富之间差距的加大导致了本地区犯罪率的增加。
?The widening gap between the rich and the poor resulted in the increasing rate of crime in this neighborhood.
Adjectives which can go before Gap in this meaning include:
big huge large wide growing widening narrow unbridgeable
Verbs which can go before Gap in this meaning include:
Bridge /close (where sth is missing空白)
Nouns which can go before Gap in this meaning include:
Age generation trade gender culture/cultural knowledge
Translate:
?学习外语能帮助我弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与其他人的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。
?Learning a foreign language can help me to bridge the gap between my language and culture and others’.
Impress: v. to make you admire or respect someone
?impress sth. on/upon sb./one’s mind 把…印在脑子里
?impress sb. with: feel admiration and respect for sth 给某人留下…印象
注意：两个结构中的介词不同，宾语不同
?他的话使我深深铭记心头。His words are strongly impressed on my memory.
?经理让办公室职员认识到细节的重要性。The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of details.
?姑娘又活泼又富幽默感，给她的老板留下很好的印象。The girl impressed her boss with her liveliness and sense of humor.
Impression n. deep lasting effect on the mind or feeling of sb印象；感觉?make (give, leave, create) an impression on sb. 给某人留下…的印象
?be under the impression that…: have the idea that认为，以为Impressive a. having a strong effect on 给人印象深刻的
?impressive building, speech, performance 令人难忘的
?His collection of paintings is most impressive. 令人叹为观止
Swear: v. to make a sincere statement that you are telling the truth发誓，保证
?He swore his story was true. ( 从句）
?He swore not to be late.（不定式）
?He swore eternal love to her. （名词）
?swear-word 骂人的话
?The drunken fellow started swearing at the policeman.
Assure: vt. tell definitely, positively or confidently; convince 保证?He assured me of his readiness to help.
?I can assure you of my full support for your plan.
?He assured me that the police were doing all they could.
?Life assurance 人寿保险（against death）
Compare: ensure, insure, assure
Ensure vt: guarantee, make sth certain to happen
?This medicine will ensure you a good night’s sleep.
?I can’t ensure that he will be here on time.
?Come early to ensure getting a good seat.
Insure v.: to protect against loss
?My house is insured against fire. 房子保了火险。
Barely: adv. only just 刚刚，仅仅，勉强能够
?His handwriting is barely legible.(you can only just read it.)
?He could barely read and write. 他勉强能读写。
?We barely had time to catch the train.我们差点儿没赶上火车。
?She was barely sixteen. (i.e. only just sixteen, no older)
?Although I am a member of the club, I barely go there.
?Although I am a member of the club, I rarely go there
Ignorant: a.unaware; knowing little or nothing; lacking education or information
?be ignorant of/about
?He is so ignorant that he cannot write his own name.
?She was quite ignorant of his presence.
Ignorance n. lack of information or knowledge无知，愚昧
?We are in complete ignorance of your plan.
?我们对你的计划一无所知。
?If he did wrong it was only through/from ignorance.
?要是他错了，那也是出于无知。
?I regret my ignorance on the subject.
Ignore vt. take no notice of; deliberately refuse to greet or acknowledge sb
不理，不顾，忽视
?He completely ignored all these facts as though they never existed.
?It would be a mistake to ignore their advice.
?I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!
Intelligent: a. clever 聪明的
?He is an intelligent person.
?The child made a very intelligent comment.
?They are a laborious and intelligent people.
Intelligence: UN.聪明，智力
?He’s obviously a man of very high intelligence.
?That book is an insult to one’s intelligence.
?The intelligence department of a government collects and studies information that will help its army and navy. （CIA of the U.S.）intellectual: a. concerning the ability to reason 有知识的，智力的
n. a person who is well-informed and intelligent ?An intellectual family 知识分子家庭
?Intellectual property are to be protected. (piracy/ pirate 盗版)
?Chess is a highly intellectual game. 高智力游戏
?Teaching is a more intellectual occupation than sweating. 教书是
一种脑力工作而不是体力劳动。
?Universities are centers of intellectual activities. 智力活动的中心?Most of the family members are intellectuals.
sign up: write your name on the list
?I’ve signed up to take a co urse at the local college.
?We will not have the picnic unless more people sigh up.
?John wants to sign up for the contest.
Residence: n. a person’s home; staying in some place住所，住宅；居住，居住资格
?10 Downing Street is the British Prime Minister's official residence.
唐宁街10号是英国首相的官邸。
?Foreign visitors are only allowed one month's residence.外国访客只准逗留一个月。
Related words
?reside vi. live居住，定居；(in)（权利、权力等）归于或属于
?resident n. person who lives or has a home in not a visitor 居民
?residential a. They live in a good residential district. 住宅的
As/so long as: only if; since只要
?As long as you are happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.
?We’ll go as long as the weather is good.
?As long as there is a demand for these drugs, the financial incentive for drug dealers will be there. 只要对这些毒品有需求，也就存在
着对贩毒者的经济诱因。
Burst into tears
?burst into: enter hurriedly; start suddenly 匆匆进入；突然爆发?She burst into tears on hearing the bad news.
?听到这个坏消息，她放声大哭
?The children burst into the room laughing and talking.
?孩子们有说有笑地冲进屋子。
Related expressions
?burst into laughter: burst out laughing 突然笑了；
?burst into tears: burst out crying 突然哭了；
?burst into cheers 突然欢呼起来
Useful expressions
1. climb out
2. barely big enough for
3. coffee morning
4. round shoulders
5. be determined to be pleasant
6. moves his head from side to side
7. spill into
8. join a long queue
9. self-service meal
10. get dressed
11. rush over to
12. looks half asleep
13. gap year
14. Freshers’ Fair
15. join a club
16. sign up for
17. Artificial Intelligence Society
18. Extreme Sports Club
19. Amateur Dramatics
20. Mozart choir
21. burst into tears
22. ID card
23. break a rule
24. run out of …
With/without (see page 10, Ex 1-2)
Language for campus life
be admitted to …
enrollment
register
orientation
dean of studies
Office of Academic Affairs professor
associate professor
adjunct professor
teaching assistant (TA)
major in …
minor in …
undergraduate
graduate student
transcript
credit
School of Liberal and Sciences bachelor’s degree (BA)
master’s degree
doctorate (PhD)
Student Union
student ID
student card
department
commuter student
compulsory course
optional course
head teacher
lecture hall
roll call
acceptance notice
academic committee
Faculty of Physics & Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
Faculty of Material Science & Engineering
Faculty of Physical Education
Faculty of Philosophy
Faculty of History & culture
Faculty of Resources & Environments
Faculty of Politics & Law Faculty of Public Administration
Faculty of Mathematics & Computer
Faculty of Life Science
Schools and Departments in BTBU
School of Economics
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
School of Mechanical Engineering
School of Computer Science and Information Engineering
Business School
Law School ( School of Marxism)
School of Communication and Art
School of Foreign Languages
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
School of Continuing Education
Physical Education Center
Canvard Institute
Active Reading 2: Tis: A memoir
Detect : v. notice or discover 发现，查明
I seem to detect some anger in his voice.
?Small quantities of poison were detected in the dead man’s stomach. Translate:
?这好像带有批评的口吻吧？
?Do I detect a note of criticism?
Detection: n.
?Early detection of cancers is vitally important.
?癌症的早期查出极为重要。
?Many problems, however, escape detection.
?然而许多问题却未被察觉。
Detective: n.
?detective story / novel 侦探小说
Scribble: v. write sth quickly and carelessly 匆匆/草草记下?He scribbled a note t his sister before leaving.
?She scribbled down her phone number and pushed it into his hand. Scribble: n. careless and untidy writing
?How do you expect me to read this scribble?
?The page was covered with a mass of scribbles.
Related words
scribe (to write, or a person who writes写，抄书员),
? a scribbler (an inferior writer作家，作者),
? a script (a written text of a play or movie剧本，稿, or a system of writing a language, like Arabic script字母系统),
? A scriptwriter (a person who writes the words for films/movies, television and radio plays编剧)
? a manuscript (a document originally written “by hand”手稿),
?PS a postscript (an extra message written after one has signed a letter 附言，又及)
In the long run/term: concerning a longer period in the future 从长远来说，最后
In the short run/term: concerning the immediate future 从短期看，眼下?This measure inevitably means higher taxes in the long run.
?从长远看这项举措的结果就是要多交税。
?In the short run, unemployment may fall.
?In the short term we expect to lose money on this book but in the long term we hope to make large profits.
Inform: vt. to tell someone about sth or give them information 通知，告知
?inform sb. of/about sth.
?inform sb. that
?地址如有变更，请尽早通知我们。
?Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible. This illustrates a productive vocabulary learning strategy of linking morphologically related words together in sets.
?我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。
?I regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.
Collocations (see page 10-11, Ex 3-4)
climb When you climb into / out of / through something, you do it with difficulty.
a)So why does the writer’s father climb out of the room?
④Because the room is very small.
b)Why would you climb into bed?
④You would climb into bed if you are so tired that it feels like a
huge effort.
c)If you climb through a hole, what do you do with your body?
④You would probably need to bend over, and crawl through the
hole.
spill This word usually suggests several ideas: liquid, accidentally, movement and out of control.
a)What has happ ened if you’ve spilt coffee all over your desk?
④You have accidentally knocked over a cup / mug and the coffee
has gone (uncontrolled) all over the desk.
b)What has happened if toys spilt out all over the carpet?
④The toys are in a container, such as a box, and either the box is too
full so some toys are falling out onto the carpet, or the box has
been tipped over so most of the toys have fallen out of the box.
c)What might be happening if crowds were spilling out of the bars and
restaurants?
④Many people would be leaving the bars and restaurants all at once,
probably because they were closing for the night.
join When you join something, you become part of it. The writer joins a queue, and several clubs.
a)When might someone join a band?
④When they can play a musical instrument and want to play with
others.
b)What has happened if you join the unemployed?
④You have lost your job and become unemployed.
c)What do you do when you join in?
④You do the same activity that most other people are doing.
burst into This phrase suggests that something suddenly happens, or someone suddenly starts doing something.
a)What does the writer suddenly start doing when she bursts into
tears?
④The writer suddenly starts crying.
b)What bursts into bloom?
④Flowers, when they emerge from buds.
c)What do you do when something bursts into flames?
④Put out the flames immediately if you can, or keep well clear and
call the emergency services (the fire brigade).
clean This word usually suggests several ideas: not dirty, not illegal or wrong, without problems, inoffensive.
a)If you’ve got a clean licence, what have or haven’t you done?
④This refers to a driving licence. It means that you have been
driving safely or at least you have no penalty points on the licence
– a person gets such points as a punishment after breaking the law
on the roads, eg speeding or causing an accident, and the licence
then has a note on it (it’s not “clean”) and the police have a record.
b)If you use clean language, what do you avoid saying?
④You avoid using swear words or other examples of bad language.
c)If something has a clean bill of health, is it healthy or working
correctly?
④Here this phrase is used metaphorically and means something is
working properly, for example, a car might have a clean bill of
health, after a check or test that it is working properly.
easy This word usually suggests that something is not difficult or doesn’t need much work. It can also suggest that a person is confident, happy and not worried about anything.
a)If someone is easy-going, how do they behave with other people?
④An easy-going person behaves in a relaxed, calm manner with
others and is happy to accept things without getting worried or
angry.
b)If someone is easy on the eye, how do they look?
④ A person who is easy on the eye is pleasant to look at in
appearance and in the way they dress.
c)If something is easier said than done, is it more or less difficult to
do?
④When something is easier said than done, it is easy to talk about,
but difficult to achieve.
d)If someone tells you to “Take it easy”, what are they telling y ou to
do?
④When they tell you to “Take it easy” they can mean either of two
things: You should rest and not do things that will make you tired,
or you should keep calm, being less upset or angry.