托福独立写作的审题三原则
朗阁托福考试研究中心
相对于四六级而言，像雅思托福等海外留学考试中的写作对我们来说算是比较难的，四六级考试的写作题的话只要我们有一定的词汇量，会一些简单的句式就能够完成并能够拿到普通学生的得分了，但是新托福的独立写作却不一样，在写作考试的第2部分即独立写作要求考生在30分钟内完成一篇字数在300字左右的议论文。而朗阁托福考试研究中心的专家们根据对ETS最新的评分标准的解读，发现阅卷者评判考生的文章遵循的原则是：“Readers should focus on what the examinee does well”。这就意味着整个评分过程是考察考生表现出优点的过程，而并非对考生的文章吹毛求疵的过程。因此，我们要知道，若是用四六级的水平去答托福写作题是没有办法得到高分的，即使是一篇满分的文章，也是允许考生有少量错误的，但是整篇文章一定有亮点。在本文中，就将独立写作部分的审题原则以及如何进行观点筛选作一简单说明。同样的道理在SAT培训的写作练习过程中也是试用的。
一、字数
对于独立写作的字数要求，官方的说法是：“An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words, you may still receive a top score, but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a s core of 5.”。可见，若想得到高分，考生最好能将文章写到300字以上，虽然有些文章字数不足但仍可得到满分，但是毕竟这种情况比较罕见，要充分对于考题展开论述，从而有利地支持文章观点，充足的字数是必须的。
二、题目的解读
独立写作最近几年在中国大陆地区的考题基本上是以支持/反对型为主的，理论上来说考生同意或者反对题目的表述，然后展开进一步论证都是可以的，但是朗阁托福考试研究中心的专家们发现有些考题并非考生可以“随心所欲”的“自由发挥”，比如当题目中包括了一些“绝对”含义的词，如only, must, fully以及形容词或者副词最高级的时候，考生在答卷时就不能采用“完全同意”的立场。比如2008年9月28日考题：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The only effective way for government to encourage energy conservation is increasing the price of gasoline and electricity.
考生可以部分同意，即提高能源价格是一种有效措施之一，但同时还有其他办法；也可以完全反对，即不能光靠提高能源使用价格来节能，还要靠别的方法措施等。所以在审题时，我们还是建议考生要多花点时间把题目的意思读透，最好在心里把题目的中文含义反复地翻译
给自己听几遍，从意思出发，再决定自己的立场，这样就可以避免由于审题的不全面而导致很大的失分。
又如：你是否同意或者不同意以下观点：大学是否应该拨相等的钱给图书馆和学生体育活动。考生应该将同意和反对的理由用中文或者英文简单地在草稿纸上列举出来，这样做不仅可以梳理思路，而且还能有效地进行段落布局，如：
同意：
1. 体育活动对学生的学习和健康非常重要。
2. 体育活动有助于培养学生的团队精神和人生态度。
3. 体育活动能给学校带来好声誉，好的运动队能够提高学校的名气。
不同意：
1. 诚然，体育活动对学生的学习和健康非常重要。
2. 虽然学生的健康对于他们的学术成功极为重要，但是学校需要为确保学生身体健康的投资是相对较少的。
3. 鉴于学校的主要任务是发展学生的心智而不是体魄，学校应当将其有限的资源更多地投入图书馆而不是体育设施中去。
接下来，考生可以从二边的分论点中选择自己相对熟悉的一方去写，这样调理才清晰。
三、文章的组织
朗阁托福考试研究中心建议考生独立写作一般采用“五段式”布局，主体段分三段论述，可以是一个观点/立场的三个方面，也可以是将正反二方的理由分散在这三段中写。
主体段的发展指的是运用例子，细节和理由来支持你在文章中所阐述的观点。在独立写作中，我们经常使用的段落发展手段有列举，举例，假设，因果，比较，排比，反问，让步等。阅卷者不希望看到考生为了凑字数而过多使用一些“模式化”的单词或句子来发展文章，也不愿意看到考生过多抄袭或者沿用题目中的句子。他们会考察考生在用自己的话论述观点上的能力。比如：
Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Yes，it is. I bought much，because TV ads.
显然，这个考生除了增加几个单词外，只是完全抄袭了写作题目，而且没有关于文章话题的发展。并且出现了低级的连词使用错误，因此属于0分的文章。我们再来看看这个例子：
The importance of the issue raised by the posed statement, namely creating a new holiday for people, can not be underestimated as it concerns the very fabric of society. As it stands, the issue of creating a new holiday raises profound implications for the future. However, although the subject matter in general can not be dismissed lightheartedly, the perspective of the issue as presented by the statement raises certain qualms regarding practical application.
这个考生虽然写了很多字，但是没有发展出任何真正的主题，这些在独立写作中都是很忌讳的事情。
但是倘若考生的文章是组织有序的，那么阅卷者从头看到尾也不会感到糊涂。可是文章结构的有序，并不是单纯地使用了诸如first, second之类的连词就可以达成的。文章中所有的句子必须服务于你的论述主题，一旦脱离了主题，那么再精辟的连词也是徒劳的。此外，在独立写作的评分标准里提到了“unity”, “progression”, “coherence”, 这就意味着考生需要将自己的观点通过合理的句型表达出来，做到统一，层层递进，连贯，以期让阅卷者能够“一目了然”文章的意图。以下我们来看一个例子：
In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I am dealing with is honest. Even though he/she thinks that he/she did something wrong that I wouldn’t like, he/she’d better tell me the truth and not lie abou t it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that’d be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again? How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there. So if I cannot trust a person anymore, if the person doesn’t think I can handle the truth, there is no point to continuing that relationship.
在这个段落里，作者的语言流畅，准确，丰富，前后衔接紧密，语意连贯，句式较多变，并且使用了反问这种修辞手法，因此很好的完成了“组织”句子的目的。尽管不能说十全十美，但是这样的论述仍旧可以得到满分。
与之形成鲜明对比的是：
The people lining up in the embassy are applying for a variety of visas. Some applicants want student visas. Other applicants want resident visas. The other applicants want tourist visas. Applying for resident visas is very difficult; one has to meet a lot of requirements. According to a recent survey，the largest number of applicants are applying for tourist visas. The number of people applying for student visas comes in second. Among all the applicants, only a fraction want resident visas.
这段话的主题句显然是第一句，根据评分要求里对于段落一致性的要求，主题句后面的支持句都必须围绕“不同的人在大使馆里申请不同的签证”这个话题展开论述。仔细分析后我们发现上面这段话里多了一个不相干的句子：“Applying for resident visas is very difficult; one has to meet a lot of requirement.”, 这句话虽然也在谈签证，但是它谈论的是“申请签证很困难”这个论点，这样的话和段落主题就不相同了。因此考生在写文章时，一定要做到一个段落只讲一个话题，主题句的论点必须贯穿这个段落，后面的每一个支持句都朝一个方向前进，
只有这样才能写出条理分明的文章。
（本文来自朗阁教育托福考试教研组，供广大考生学习使用，转载请注明出处）
托福独立写作高分范文4 ● 绝对词型 185题库 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best https://www.doczj.com/doc/7112425181.html,e specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Obviously, in most cases the earliest teachers people have are their parents, and parents are generally most concerned about the development of their children. However, it is not completely true to say that parents are the best teachers. Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Forest Gump's mother is a good example. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have misbehaviors are often severely distorted. In reality, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have some bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy everything including bad ones from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, when their children do not follow the instructions, the children will be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are perhaps capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than has ever been before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers.(403)
托福独立写作主体段写法技巧——双观点篇 托福独立写作对于很多托福考生来说是取得高分难以逾越的一道鸿沟, 这不仅需要大量的练习, 还需掌握其中的诀窍。今天, 教育优选为各位考生带来托福独立写作主题段双观点的写法点拨,希望对各位考生有所帮助。 通常对于独立写作我们都会选择五段式的结构,这个结构包括三个主体段, 按照题型我们可以将写作类型分为三个:支持反对类 (单观点、对比比较类 (双观点、自主定义类。今天,闫玲娟老师跟各位考生分析一下有关双观点类题目的写作技巧,下面是一道典型的题目: Topic 2008.11.9 Movies and TV have more positive effects than negative effects on young people’ s behavior. 电影电视对于青少年行为的影响利大于弊。 题目中明显要求就电视的优点以及缺点进行比较,我们暂且用 A 、 B 表示两个不同观点 1.A+A+B 双关的写作的第一种写法是运用两个正向的论点去支撑 A , 再用一个论点去支持 B ,因为 A 的优势更大一些,所以最终得出 A 更合适的结果。 Topic 2008.11.9 Movies and TV have more positive effects than negative effects on young people’ s behavior. 电影电视对于青少年行为的影响利大于弊。 Agree :
The positive influence outweighs their negative effects. Large quantities of motion pictures (movies about encouragement strengthen young generation’ s willpower to chase dreams with determination. Influenced by a number of interesting TV programs, young people begin to learn things that they used to feel boring. Admittedly , we should not ignore that there are some violent plots which tend to result in teenage crimes.However, this kind of movie makes up only a small section of products in film industry and is under the strict control of government. Therefore, its influence is quite limited. 我们可以看到, 在这种写法中, 我们所支持的观点为电影电视是利大于弊的。 前两个理由我们先正向抛出两个论点说明为什么它们对青年人的影响利大于弊, 最后一个分论点我们写让步段, 先承认它们的确有可能对青年人行为产生错误的引导, 但是其后又对这些错误影响做一些弥补, 因为有负面影响的节目只是整个电影市场的一小部分,不能够以偏概全,断章取义。 2.A+A-B 我们介绍的第二种写法是, 先用两个正向的论点支持 A , 再用一个论点去反对B ,最终得出 A 更适合的结果。 Topic :Some people argue that the government should not spend money on public services and facilities, but on arts. 有一部分人认为政府应该花更多的钱在公共服务和基础设施上,而非艺术上。 Public facilities, widely accepted as the main foundation to a city’ s development, should be one of the highest priorities. In addition to social benefits, ther e are a great number of economic merits that …
托福写作高分范文仿写技巧作为托福考试写作部分两篇文章其中之一，独立写作主要以学生的学术知识背景和个人生活经验为基础来考察语语言的学习规律是相通的。有了正确的『输入』，才能有正确的『输出』。所以，要想在英文写作中有所提高，我们可以借鉴一些上乘的范文，对其思路、结构、语言等进行模仿，并最终应用在我们自己的文章中。这个过程就叫做『仿写』。今天文都国际教育小编就给大家介绍下托福写作高分范文仿写技巧。 如何做仿写? 托福写作高分范文仿写技巧Step 1 通读范文，了解通篇大意，仔细研究各段构思。 在教学过程中，我会为学生甄选符合国外考试评分标准的优秀范文。学生拿到这些范文后，可以从宏观的角度了解作者对于题目的观点，是采用了单边、双边还是中立的角度来进行论证。学生还可以从微观的角度，深度分析每个主体段，作者是如何通过有逻辑地说理，并配以恰当具体的例子，来证明此段的分论点。 以下为范?段落实例： Modern society places a lot of emphasis on success. Though success is clearly desirable, Ithink our intense focus on success is unhealthy and counter productive.People would be better served by learning how to adopt a positive attitude towards failure. 托福写作高分范文仿写技巧Step 2 学习优秀的语言点 针对每一篇范文，我会为学生总结出其中用法得到的词组和句式，并让学生趁热打铁，强化对这些语料的记忆。这种从整体中提取，呈现成个体的形式，会让学生对这些语料的印象更加深刻。 以下为提取实例：
托福独立写作：六篇高分范文推荐 写作题目: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People spend too much money on their pets even though there can be other good ways to spend money. Give details and examples to support your response. 人们花了太多的钱在宠物身上，而实际上有其他更好的消费方式，用细节和例子支撑你的观点。 写作范文 With the rise of the middle class, more and more people spend money on things that are not essential to their daily needs. As the average wealth of households has increased, many trends have emerged. One trend that has appeared recently in my neighborhood is the increase in the amount of money people spend on their pets, and for me this is definitely the truth. The reason why people spend too much money on their pets is because they believe their pets to be more than just animals. They assign to them many human characteristics. This does not mean that I do not like pets. I love pets. My father is a biologists and growing up our house was always filled with lots of strange and unique pets. Pets play a very important role in families and I think we should take care of animals. I love volunteering for the local animal shelter and helping find homes for stray pets. I like taking care of animals and I will be the first to help an animal in need. I do not, however, believe that we should treat pets like humans. My neighbors, on the other hand, have a different opinion. They love their dogs, but I think they are a rather extreme when it comes to taking care of their dogs. For example, their dogs have their own feather beds that cost 300 dollars each. I think tha t’s how much all of the furniture in my bedroom costs! My neighbors claim that their dogs have back problems and that the dogs need these beds. I am not sure the dogs realize this, because last time I visited my neighbors I saw that the dogs had ripped a bunch of holes in these beds. Maybe humans think these dog beds are more comfortable, but I highly doubt that dogs know the difference between a several hundred dollar mattress and a ten dollar mattress. Buying these kinds of luxury items for pets is very silly. Spending exorbitant amounts of money on one’s pet is not only pointless, but it’s also wasteful. It’s pointless because pets can’t determine the quality of an object. It’s wasteful, because there are so many better things on which to spend
托福独立写作满分范文下载 托福独立写作可谓是托福考试中的一道拦路虎，在这里为大家整理一片托福独立写作的满分范文，供同学们参考。 Does technology make children less creative than in the past? Are our kids becoming lazier and less creative, less imaginable than before as a consequence of highlyadvanced technology? My answer is no, and just the opposite, technology has apparently assisted our kids tobecome more creative. First and foremost, technology has provided children with easy access to scientific and liberal art resourceswhich is their best source of inspiration. For example, children could now easily gain access to academic databasesthrough iPad screen, read classical works on Kindle, or watch historic documents on Internet. These great worksare essentially helpful to arousing their curiosity and prepares them with key knowledge necessary for any creation.However, these wonderful equipments and facilities are never as handy in the past, when kids could only reachlimited resources in public libraries or schools. In this sense, technology has provided the possibility for children tobe more creative. Second, technology has equipped children with professional apparatus which could finally realize theirimagination. This takes form particularly as computer softwares and applications, such as Photoshop for creativegraphic design, Overture for easily composing a piece of music, 3DMax for building up a virtual world, etc.. Allthe software were never as handy as they are at present, and this would absolutely provides our children aneffective tool for realizing their creativity. Third, technology itself is a market place where creative ideas are economically encouraged. Steve Jobsearned millions of dollars a year for his unparallel creation, and Mark Zuckberg gained his reputation for thegenius social network. Therefore, technology has provided children the internal motive to develop their creativity. However, it is undeniable that technology might make children become lazier and be comfortable with whatis already available because everything are so convenient nowadays and there seems to be no way to improve them.Children lost in
2015 13 1.25 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When working on a project, it’s better for classmates or colleagues to communicate face to face than sending emails. 2.1 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and televisions have more negative influences than positive influences on young people's behavior. 3.7 2 Some people think that it is an important part of a child’s education to go on field trips (for example, museums), other people think a child’s time is better spent learning in a classroom at school. What is your opinion? 3.28 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's better to complete a project and then start another one than to do several things at the same time. 4.12 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should spend money helping more people access the Internet instead of improving public transportation. 6.13 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's better to spend money enjoying life like going on vacation than to save money for the future. 6.29 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it's better to make friends with intelligent people than with people who have a sense of humor? 9.5 In order to attract more tourists, the government could either improve safety by hiring more police or improve its appearance by repairing old buildings and streets. Which way do you think is more effective? 9.12 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to achieve success, we must be more similar to others than be different from others. 10.10 Which is better for children's education: 9-month study and 3-month break or 3-month study and 1-month break? 10.11 Instead of spending money on exploration of outer space, government should 10.25
托福独立写作的审题原则和布局（上） 新托福写作考试的第2部分为独立写作，要求考生在30分钟内完成一篇字数在300字左右的议论文。而朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家们根据对ETS最新的评分标准的解读，发现阅卷者评判考生的文章遵循的原则是：“Readers should focus on what the examinee does well”。这就意味着整个评分过程是考察考生表现出优点的过程，而并非对考生的文章吹毛求疵的过程。因此，即使是一篇满分的文章，也是允许考生有少量错误的。在本文中，笔者将就独立写作部分的审题原则以及如何进行观点筛选作一简单说明。 一、字数 对于独立写作的字数要求，官方的说法是：“An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words, you may still receive a top score, but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5.”。可见，若想得到高分，考生最好能将文章写到300字以上，虽然有些文章字数不足但仍可得到满分，但是毕竟这种情况比较罕见，要充分对于考题展开论述，从而有利地支持文章观点，充足的字数是必须的。 二、题目的解读 独立写作最近几年在中国大陆地区的考题基本上是以支持/反对型为主的，理论上来说考生同意或者反对题目的表述，然后展开进一步论证都是可以的，但是朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家们发现有些考题并非考生可以“随心所欲”的“自由发挥”，比如当题目中包括了一些“绝对”含义的词，如only, must, fully以及形容词或者副词最高级的时候，考生在答卷时就不能采用“完全同意”的立场。比如2008年9月28日考题： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The only effective way for government to encourage energy conservation is increasing the price of gasoline and electricity. 考生可以部分同意，即提高能源价格是一种有效措施之一，但同时还有其他办法；也可以完全反对，即不能光靠提高能源使用价格来节能，还要靠别的方法措施等。所以在审题时，我们还是建议考生要多花点时间把题目的意思读透，最好在心里把题目的中文含义反复地翻译给自己听几遍，从意思出发，再决定自己的立场，这样就可以避免由于审题的不全面而导致很大的失分。
托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏（１） Which one do you prefer, to solve problems on your own experience and knowledge, or to ask others for advice? As knowledge and experience serve as twim towers in problem-solving, one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitther to wrack his brain, just like what happened to Neuton, siiting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out ond of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe, or to seek for others ’ widsom through their advice, just as in the case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative. Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others’ advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group ’s wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’ of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village. Asking others’ advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other. Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrasedfrom John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do. 托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(2) Case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative. Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others' advice contribute greatly
托福独立写作八大话题 众所周知，托福独立写作是托福写作的一部分，涉及到的题材也非常多。下面是文都国际教育小编给大家整理的8个常见的写作话题，希望能给大家提供帮助。 教育类话题 教育类话题主要涉及到学生的一些基本情况，包括选课、就业、学校活动以及课下作业等很多方面。此外，学校的一些决策、设备变更、教师选择等也都有涉及。教育类话题在托福写作中的占比很高，在历年托福写作考试中大概占据25%左右的题目。 高分句型：现在，除了学习以外，还应鼓励学生们在其他很多方面培养兴趣，例如体育，绘画和音乐等。 —>Today, in addition to_____, a student is also encouraged to _____ 满分词汇：培养(某种素质) —> cultivate/foster/nurture(vts)心理健康—> psychological soundness/well-being/welfare(nouns) 社会类话题 社会类话题涉及的范围很广，主要是指一些社会话题、事件以及观点类问题。例如：Do you agree or disagree that society benefits more from works of greatartists than from political leaders.是否同意：艺术家比政治家对社会的贡献大。 高分句型：摩天大厦造的环境问题，很多人开始反思摩天大楼是否必要. —>With these problems and the effect _____ has exerted on _____,many people have begun to wonder _____. 满分词汇：生活节奏加速—> the tempo/pace of life has accelerated导致人与人的疏远—> create alienation between people 科技类话题 说到“科技”，我们可能会想到现在日益发展的手机、电脑以及各种各样新出现的科技产品等。这些科技产品使得我们的生活变得更加便利，高效。 高分句型：互联网对人们的生活方式产生了深远的影响，它变革了人们生活方式以及思考问题的方式。 —> _____ exerts such a profound effect on _____that _____. 满分词汇：尖端的技术—> cutting-edged(adj) technology信息爆炸—> information explosion/ information overload
托福独立写作高分开头写作方法 好的开端等于成功的一半，所以托福写作如果能写好开头，你的作文也能奠定下高分的基础。今天和大家分享托福独立写作高分开头写作方法,希望能帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。 托福独立写作高分开头写作方法 一.先根据话题铺设背景 在独立写作的背景铺垫中，首先我们需要明晰独立写作常考的15个topic，其中包括education，technology，sports等。在审题、理解题意之后，可以适当定位关键词进行文题分析和头脑风暴，进行社会背景定位。 示范：Increasingly，under the backdrop of the fierce social competition and the need for searching for individual growth，people especially employees show great concern to their career development. 二.确定观点 此步骤一定不要直接抄写原题。结合第一句的背景铺垫，可适当改写题目，引出有争议性的argument。 三.表明自己针对话题的立场
立场是开头段最为重要且核心的句子，其作用是表明了考生对这一论题的态度，且后面内容的陈述也是建立在这一立场基础上进行论证、分析;立场表明时，尽量用自己的语言进行表述最佳。 四.结尾句启下 过渡句的作用是承上启下，承接开头段内容的同时，以一种自然流畅的方式简要引出下文，从而加强*的逻辑关系;也可以适当提及中间段会涉及的论点，进行实际内容的铺垫。建议大家多进行练习和范文积累，一定可以总结出不同的过渡句写作方式。 示范：… with several reasons t o exemplify. 托福独立写作是托福写作的重点，而开头段对于独立作文整体评分影响颇大，所以小站君建议大家认真学习上文中关于开头段的写作方法，并运用起来，写出漂亮的开头。 托福写作解析：take more exercise 托福写作解析： If there’s a way to improve yourself, which one among the three choices you would take? 1. take more exercise 2. eat more healthy food
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO45独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO45独立写作题目原文： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In the past, young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today young people are better able to make decisions about their own https://www.doczj.com/doc/7112425181.html,e specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 托福TPO45独立写作满分范文： With the development of society, our living habits have been changed greatly. One of the most significant changes is the issue of whom we young people depend on when making a decision. In the past, young people usually depended on their older family members, especially their parents. However, in contemporary society, we young adults tend to make choice on our own. Here are the reasons. Admittedly, in the past, the ways they acquired information, most of which come from experience, were limited. It was parents who are much more experienced than their children. In this case, they tended to listen to parents’ advice and let them to control determination. As we all know, over the several decades, parents made the decision for their children who they would marry with in China. At that time, girls had no chance to meet the young men with the same age. However, their parents had the permission to know their children’s future partners through various ways. Without doubt, it was a right choice to depend on their parents when making a decision in the past. However, we can get access to a great amount of information, which do good to decision making nowadays. Surfing on the internet, clicking on the mouse, news will display on your computer screen within seconds. What’s more, after educating, we have learnt knowledge in a systematic way, which enable us to understand ourselves and the world better. All of these create a good atmosphere for us young people to make decision on ourselves. According to a survey conducted by Peking University aiming to find out how students choose their majors, 80 percent of students depend on their own while less than 20% decided by their parents or teachers instead. Most students are independent nowadays. They would listen to their parents, but it is themselves who determine the final choice. Another important reason is that some of adults’ experience work less effectively on our generation because conditions change rapidly in the information age. In the past, it was less likely for youngsters to move out of their hometowns while we usually move from one place to another nowadays. So parents’ idea might not fit our situation any more. Consequently, we prefer to make a decision depend on our own experience. In sum, for the reasons I mentioned above, I totally agree that in contemporary society, we young adults are better able to make choice on our own. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO45独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!