人教版高中必修五
u n i t1练习题
-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
Book V
Unit 1 Great scientists
第一部分单元知识掌握目标
I. 重点词汇
1._____________v.断定，得出结论；结束（正式）
2._____________vt。打败（敌人、对手）n.失败
3._____________vt.出席，参加，照顾，护理，注意vi专心，留意
4._____________vt. 使暴露，受到，使曝光v.揭露
5._____________n.治愈、疗法vt.治愈、治疗
6._____________n.挑战vt.向……挑战
7._____________vt.怀疑是n.嫌疑犯
8.____________ vt.污染
9._____________n.把手vt.处理、操纵
10._____________vt.宣布；通告
11._____________vt.吸收；使（精神）贯注；吞并
12._____________n.过失，责备vt.责备，谴责
13._____________vt.教，教导，命令，指示，通知
14._____________vi. & vt.捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿
15._____________vt.拒绝（建议、要求）；不接受
II. 重点短语
1._____________提出；提议以供参考
2._____________得出结论
3._____________除……之外没有/还有
4._____________暴露在……下
5._____________将……和……联系或链接起来
6._____________对……严格的
7._____________有意义、讲得通、有道理
III重点句式
1.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
2.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all
the water supplies be examined.
3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky
make sense.
4.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until
he felt it was complete.
5.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going
round it….
重点语法
1.动词-ed的形式做表语或定语。动词的-ed形式分为两类：动词类和形容词
类。动词-ed形式做定语有的置于被修饰词的前面，有的置于被修饰词的后面。
第二部分综合强化练习
I.单词拼写
1.Diligence and perseverance are _____________（特征）of most successful
people.
2.We can safely draw a _____________（结论）that world’s economic crisis will
go on for a while.
3._____________（分析）what you have and then make a plan.
4.The General was_____________（照顾）by several expert doctors and
recovered.
5.Parents should_____________（让……接触）their children to good books and
ideas.
6.No_____________（受害者）was found in this accident.
7.I was so_____________（吸引）in the book that I would not put it down.
8.As soon as an outbreak hit London, John Snow would be ready to begin
his_____________（询问）.
9.The US is now facing_____________（严重的）economic problems.
10.Disasters cannot be_____________（预见）and we should get prepared at any
moment..
11.Love can_____________（联系）parents and their children.
12.The government has_____________（宣布）plans to create 10,000new jobs.
13.He told us with_____________（确定）that everyone may have good luck in life.
14.Teachers should_____________（指导）children how to make a practical plan
for their studies.
15.A new school library is now under_____________（建筑）and it’ll be completed
next September.
II. 根据各句上下文意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处（注意所给单词和短语有多余，所填短语的形式变化）
第一组 movement, construction, theory, cure, absorb, engine, positive, contribute, characteristic control
1.The new tunnel hasn’t been finished; it is still under_____________.
2.It is kind of new medicine can _____________people of heart disease.
3._____________are to machines what hearts are to animal
4.As we know, exercise_____________ to better health.
5.The hotel fire was completely under_____________ the moment the firemen
arrived.
6.The need to communicate is a key_____________ human society.
7.I am a witness. I am _____________about what time it happened.
8.He seemed totally _____________ in that book. When I came in he didn’t notice
me at all.
9.According to the_____________ of relativity, nothing travels faster than light.
10.Wearing loose clothing gives you greater freedom of_____________.
第二组 handle, serve, enthusiastic, scientific, analyse, complete, blame, valuable, spin, conclude
11. She is a_____________ woman who never smiles.
12.They didn’t draw a conclusion until carrying out lots of
_____________experiments.
13.It came as a _____________ surprise to me. I never thought of that.
14.This kind of gold watch is really _____________. It costs a lot of money to buy
one.
15.He _____________ his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
16.Suddenly the phone was _____________out of control.
17.Who is to_____________ for this road accident?
18.
19.It took us a long time to_____________ what went wrong. And eventually we
knew the problem.
20.She was even less _____________about going to Japan.
21.She turned the_____________ and opened the door.
第三组 cautious, repeat, reject, pump, virus, announce, expose, defeat, instruct, radium
22.I _____________three times but he still couldn’t remember it.
23.This engine is used for _____________water out of the mine.
24.The government _____________yesterday to the media plans to create a million
new jobs.
25.This is the first time that our team has been_____________ at a basketball
match.
26.Madame Curie is always remembered by people as the discoverer
of_____________.
27.You will be _____________where to go as soon as the car is ready.
28.Don’t_____________ yourself to strong sunlight; it will harm your skin.
29.He was seriously ill because of a_____________ infection..
30.This proposal was firmly_____________ at the meeting.
31.He is very _____________about committing （承诺）himself to anything.
第四组：把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）
Put forward, draw a conclusion, in addition, link…to…, apart from, be strict with, lead to, make sense, point of view, apart from
32.You must organize your composition well. _____________, you should pay
attention to your handwriting.
33.What he thought and said didn’t_____________.
34.It was because of his carelessness that _____________his failure.
35.My boss_____________ me in my new work.
36.He was brave enough to_____________ objections at the meeting.
37.Peter, what’s your _____________on that matter?
38.
39._____________Changjiang and Huanghe there are many other rivers in china.
40.After reading the article once again he _____________.
41.You may your mobile phone_____________ a computer.
42.Army is happy_____________ the fact that she can’t go home every week.
III句子翻译
1. _____________________（除了）going to the park, I limit my activities to my neighborhood.
2. It is difficult to ________________________________（得出结论）without ample evidence.
3. These scientific enquiries will______________________（有助于）the success of our project.
4. He often ________（提出）unusual plans. So, _____（慎重）them before you decided to join in.
5. Who was the first person__________（反对）the idea that earth was the centre of the universe?.
6. Although his writing doesn’t ____________（有意思）, Fred is__________（确信） that his composition will score a high mark.
7. ________________________________（每次我打开书）, I can’t help reading it for hours.
8. ___________（为了阻止交通事故再次发生）, the local government has taken strict measures.
9. Only when you lose it_________________________（你才能意识到）how valuable time is.
10. Nobody________________________________（应受责备）for this unavoidable mistake.
IV语法和词汇
A组
1.Do you know who ___________the Pythagorean theorem?
2.
A. put aside
B. put off
C. put away
D. put forward
3.Working abroad ___________his weak points.
A. exposes
B. lets out
C. gives out
D. suggests
4.Unemployment is a hard problem to ___________.
A. heal
B. cure
C. treat
D. recover
5.Hall was ___________of stealing his neighbor’s new SUV car.
A. charged
B. cured
C. doubted
D. suspected
6.The _____________he pipe leaked, I’m afraid Rosa ___________ for it.
A. should blame
B. is blamed
C. is to be blamed
D. is to blame
7.The terrible weather ___________the delay of the project.
A. contributes to
B. leads to
C. brings up
D. adjusts to
8. I can’t put up with my parents, for they are very strict ______ me _____
everything.
A. with; in
B. with; for
C. in; with
D. in; for
9.Only when you reread the poem___________ make good sense of it.
A. do you
B. you
C. can you
D. you can
10.I don’t think it___________ to work without certain aims of life.
A. make a difference
B. makes good sense
C. makes trouble
D. make
profits
11.The changes Copernicus made __________ the old theory were
revolutionary
A. for
B. to
C. at
D. into
11. Please don’t ___________yourself to viruses without any protection.
A. show
B. extend
C. exhibit
D. expose
12. The storm struck the whole city,___________ many deaths.
A. to cause
B. having caused
C. causing
D. caused
13.The project___________ by the end of next month.
A. is completed
B. is to complete
C. is to be completed
D. will complete
14.We had a pleasant time on the sea shore,__________ the unexpected
terrible weather.
A. except
B. apart from
C. in addition to
D. without
15.Children___________ to good books are good at thinking.
A. exposing
B. exposed
C. to expose
D. to be exposed
16.SARS is an epidemic disease. It is hard for ___________ people to breathe.
A. affecting
B. affected
C. effective
D. affective
17.A ___________is way of performing his plan.
A. determining
B. determined
C. convincing
D.
convinced
18.The police were searching for the person ___________of having stolen the
Camry car.
A. suspect
B. suspecting
C. to be suspected
D. suspected
19.Sorry, my computer is out of order. I’ll have to it ___________ .
A. to repair
B. repairing
C. to be repaired
D. repaired
20.The policy ___________ to be adopted turned out to be set aside.
A. being expected
B. to be expected
C. expecting
D. expected
完型填空
When we study the great __1__of the world, we find that they are either very __2__. Basic things like the wheel or very complex things like the computer. Some inventions were silly, some deadly serious, __3__ even the inventions that were not __4__ were not all failure either. Each invention shed some light on the good __5__ of the inventor and their quest to improve the quality of life. Here are some invention facts and myths __6__ to amaze, inspire and amuse you.
Did you every wonder why the item __7__ at stores always seem to end in 99, instead of __8__ dollar amounts. Well see if you can guess __9__ this newspaper publisher thought it was a great idea. Why did it get __10__
Melville Stone was a self-made man, who worked his __11__ up from newspaper carrier to publisher of the Chicago Daily News. __12__ Stone first started his newspaper in 1875, the price was a __13__. Circulation rose __14__ at first, then leveled off. Then sales started lagging. When Stone investigated why __15__ people were buying his paper, he discovered the problem had nothing to do with its __16__. Pennies were in short supply. Stone decided he had to do something.
First he traveled to the United States mint in Philadelphia and brought about the transfer of barrels of pennies to Chicago. The problem then became __17__to
get the pennies into circulation. So Stone __18__Chicago merchants to sponsor “odd-price sales,” during which they would sell their merchandise for a
penny__19__ the regular prices. The odd price did the __20__. People had pennies again, and Stone’s flourished. And that is why store items today costs “$8.99,” or $12.99, instead of even dollar amount.
1. A. history B. discoveries C. facts D. inventions
2. A. easy B. simple C. important D. valuable
3. A. but B. so C. then D. therefore
4. A. important B. silly C. successful D. reasonable
5. A. intentions B. benefit C. impression D. dreams
6. A. hoped B. meant C. designed D. had
7. A. prices B. goods C. work D. product
8. A. still B. even C. some D. any
9. A. how B. if C. why D. when
10.A. worked B. started C. run D. begun
11.A. way B. method C. power D. strength
12.A. when B. because C. during D. though
13.A. coin B penny C. success D. failure
14.A. slowly B. evenly C. safely D. rapidly
15.A. many B. more C. few D a few
16.A. price B. value C. quality D. quantity
17.A. when B. where C. why D. how
18.A. helped B. persuade C. advised D. meant
19.A. under B. above C. around D. at
20.A. joke B. trick C. work D.
effect
阅读理解
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding the ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.
“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with energy density（密度）,” said Jae Known, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope （放射性同位素）battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Known and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, recently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEWS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.
“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said. “ however, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”
His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor（半
导体）. Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.
“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure（晶体结构） of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said. “by using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”
Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.
1.Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?
2.
A.He teaches chemical battery.
B.He developed a chemical energy source.
C.He is working on a nuclear energy source
D.He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.
3.Jae Kwon gave example in Paragraph 4___________.
A.To show chemical batteries are widely applied
B.To indicate nuclear batteries can be safely used
C.To describe a nuclear-power system
D.To introduce various energy sources
4.Liquid semiconductor is used to
A.Get rid of the radioactive waste.
B.Test the power of nuclear batteries.
C.Decrease the size of nuclear batteries.
D.Reduce the damage to lattice structure
5.According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery___________.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7115100463.html,es a solid semiconductor.
B.Will soon replace the present ones.
C.Could be extremely thin.
D.Has passed the final test
6.The text is most probably a ___________before appearing in daily ext life.
A. science news report
B. book review
C. newspaper
D. science fiction story
B
An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.
Application for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up.
Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments-were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.
“There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done.” He said.
University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rise above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15 %jump, with people’s renewed interest in careers in the public sector, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.
A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.
Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “it’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.”
7.Professor John Beath’s lectures are___.
A.Given in a traditional way
B.Connected with the present situation
C.Open to both students and their parents
D.Warmly received by economics
8.Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their___.
A.greater stability
B. Higher pay
C. Fewer application
D. etter reputation
9.In the opinion of most parents, ___.
A.economics should be the focus of school teaching
B.more students should be admitted to universities
C.the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened
D.children should solve financial problems themselves
10.According to hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters___.
A.wiser in money management
B.have access to better equipment
C.confident about their future careers
D.get jobs in Child Trust Funds
11.What’s the main idea of the text
12.
A.universities have received more applications
B.economics is attracting an increasing numbers students
C.college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty
D.parents are concerned with children’s subject selection
VII阅读表达
[1] The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs, but in modern-day society we are seeing some new kinds of additions. Some people are compulsive（难以自制的）shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves
away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games.
[2] Over the years, shopping has become a very common activity. Many people enjoy going to mall or stores more everyday, but it’s more than a common hobby for some of them. They have turned into shopabolics. They are people who simply enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing it. They are hooked on shopping and usually buy things that they don’t need. Even though they don’t have enough money, they buy everything they want.
[3] The question is: why do they have this addiction
There isn’t a specific answer. Some people go shopping when they are sad, worried, upset or lonely and they want to feel better. They use this activity as a way to forget their problems. Shopahlics say that they feel more import and better after they buy something. They also tend to have this addition when they feel guilty.
[4] Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addition, but it can_________. Some of them can be psychological. If this is the case, people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit. However, the process, like for most addictions, is long, and they suffer a lot. It can also cause financial problems. They just think about satisfying their feelings, so they spend money they don’t have. They get deep in debt, and they can even go bankrupt and get sent to prison.
1.List three activities that develop into addictions based on the text(Please answer
within 8 words).
①_____________________________________________________.
②_____________________________________________________.
③_____________________________________________________.
2.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3(Please answer within 8 words)
3.
_________________________________________.
3. Fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words.( Please answer within 6 words)
___________________________________________________________.
4.Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
5.
Accordingly, these shopoholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop compulsive shopping.
_________________________________________________________________.
_________________________________________________________________.
6.Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 into Chinese.
_________________________________________________________________.
写作
下周三学校举行“我与科学”主题演讲比赛，为此你准备一篇120词左右的演讲稿，主要包括如下要点：
1.自己喜爱的科学家
2.该科学家的简单生平
3.该科学家的突出贡献
4.你喜欢他/她的主要原因