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英语常用语法大全

英语常用语法大全
英语常用语法大全

倒装句

主语和谓语的语序有两种:

1】自然语序,主语+谓语,2】倒装语序,谓语+主语。

例如The bus comes here. Here comes the bus

倒装分为部分倒装和完全倒装,部分倒装是谓语中的一部分(如助动词,情态动词或be动词)放在主语前面,其余部分仍在主语后面。完全倒装是句子中没有助动词或情态动词,要把谓语动词放在主语的前面。

We can work out the problem only in this way.

Only in this way can we work out the problem.

The bus comes here.

Here comes the bus.

部分倒装

1,疑问句的语序

助动词+主语+谓语和其余部分:

Has he left already?

Won’t you have some tea?

What do you like best?

Did he park his car in front of my house?

注意:如果特殊疑问词作主语或者修饰主语,则用自然语序:

Who did it?

How many students passed the exam?

2, if 引导的虚拟语气条件句的谓语若包括有助动词had, were,或should,可将其倒装到主语之前,省略if。

Had/ should / were +主语+谓语和其余部分:

If I had not helped him, he would have failed in business.

Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business.

If I should be free tomorrow, I will come.

Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.

如果我是经理,我就给你升职

If I were the manager, I would give you a promotion.

Were I the manager, I would give you a promotion.

如果你遇到我这样的麻烦,你会绝望的。

If you had met the troubles I had, you would be desperate.

Had you met the troubles I had, you would be desperate.

如果你是老鼠,猫会吃了你。

If you were the mouse, the cat would eat you.

Were you the mouse, the cat would eat you.

3,only修饰状语放在句首时

Only+状语+助动词+主语+谓语和其余部分

Women have begun to catch up with men in this area only in recent years.

Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.

I received an answer from him only a week later.

Only a week later did I receive an answer from him.

只有当孩子长大的时候,才能理解父母的用心。

Only when the children grow up do they understand the parents’intention.

只是到了那个时候我才明白他的用意。

Only then did I figure out his intention.

他不仅在学校教书,还为报纸写文章。

not only ….but also

Not only does he teach at school, but also he writes for the newspaper.

4,否定词/半否定词或词组+ 助动词+主语+谓语和其余部分

Not, never, nor, neither, nowhere, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely even less 等否定词和半否定词置于句首时。

I never dreamt of seeing him in America.

Never did I dream of seeing him in America

5,含有否定词的介词短语置于句首+ 助动词+主语+谓语和其余部分

by no means绝不, in no time立刻,很快, at no time绝不, in no case绝不, on no account绝不, no longer不再, in no way一点也不, on no condition无论如何也不, in/under no circumstances绝不.

By no means should we look down upon the people who are poor.

In no case do I want to argue with you.

In no time will she be here.

6,so+形容词或副词置于句首; such +is /was

So rough was the sea that the ship could not get into the harbor.

So terrible was her concert that half the audience left.

Such is my joy that I could not sleep.

Such is my life/work/story.

7, 一些频率副词,often, sometimes, never, always, usually,程度副词,或方式状语出现在句首, Well do I remember the scene.

I remember the scene well.

Often did it snow there.

It often snowed there.

Many a time has he given me good advice.

Bitterly did we repent of our carelessness.

完全倒装

1,Here, there, now, then, hence, thus副词出现在句首时,

Now came the moment of decision.

The moment of decision came now.

Now comes your turn.

Your turn comes now.

Then came the revolution.

The revolution came then.

Look, there comes the bus.

Look, the bus comes there.

There goes the last bus.

The last bus goes there.

2, 地点状语在句首,常引起谓语倒装,这类谓语多为不及物动词而主语多相对长些。主语不是人称代词,这些动词有come, lie, stand, walk, rise , live , sit, be等

North of the Himalayas lies the great tableland of Tibet.

Downtown in Shenzhen city towers the Diwang Building.

3, 副词+不及物动词前置

In went the others.

Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks

【注意】

若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装:

Away he went. 他跑远了。

Down it came. 它掉了下来。

4,过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语

Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.

Written on the label is the model of the machine.

Enclosed/ attached is return postage with this letter.

Marching at the head of the parading procession was a brass band.

强调句型

一、位置强调

英语句子的语序,一般为:主、谓、宾、表、状。有时为了强调某个成份,就故意将它移到句首或句末。如:

A.强调主语及状语。如:

(1) I was reading English this morning.

—This morning, I was reading English.

今天早晨,我一直在读英语。

(2) I’ll go to see Li Lei tomorrow.

—Tomorrow, I’ll go to see Li Lei.

明天,我要去看李蕾。

B.强调谓语(as, though引导的让步状语从句)

(1)Though he will try, he can’t succeed.

(2)— Try as / though he will, he ca n’t succeed. 尽管他会尝试,但他不会成功。

(2) Though she can sing, she can’t sing well.

—Sing though / as she can, she can’t sing well. 尽管她会唱,但唱得不好。

C.强调宾语或表语(as, though引导的让步状语从句)

(1)Though he learnt English, he didn’t learn it well.

(2)— English as / though he learnt, h e didn’t learn it well. 尽管他学过英语,但他学得并不好。

(2) Though he is ill, he keeps on working.

—Ill as / though he is, he keeps on working. 尽管他有病,他仍坚持工作。

二、用词强调

英语中强调的另一种方法,就是用不同的词进行夸张从而达到强调的目的。用词强调主要有以下几种形式。

A.在句子中的谓语动词前加助动词do, 对谓语进行强调。如:

(1) I do like swimming. 我的确喜欢游泳。

(2) He did go there last night. 他昨天晚上的确去过那儿。

B.用awfully, badly, dead, deeply, ever, extremely, highly, indeed, lightly, not…at all, particularly, pretty, really, so, strongly, terribly, utterly, very, very much,等副词修饰以加强语气。如:

(1) He wants to get it very much. 他非常像得到它。

(2) I miss you terribly. 我非常思念你。

C.用短语at all, on earth, in the world, under the sun等表示强调,意思是:到底,究竟,根本。如:

(1) I don’t know it at all. 我一点也不知道。

(2) What on earth are you doing there? 你到底在那干什么?

D. 用重复某一个词或短语来强调。如:

(1) He thought and thought, and suddenly he got a good idea. 他想啊想啊,突然想到了一个好主意。

(2) He r三、用句子来强调

A.句型强调

英语中最常见的强调手段,也是我们必须要掌握的方法就是句型强调,即:强调句型。It is / was + 被强调的部分+ that (who)…如:

(1) It was in the room that Li Lei was born. 李蕾出生就在这间房子。

(2) It is Wei Fang who has broken the record. 就是魏方打破了纪录。

an and ran, and at last he caught up with other students. 他跑啊跑啊,终于赶上了其他的同学们。

(B)即使被强调的部分是复数,It后面始终用单数形式。如

(1) Tom and Lucy gave us much help.

—It was Tom and Lucy that gave us much help. 正是汤姆和露西给了我们很多的帮助。

(2) I saw swans in the lake yesterday.

—It was swans that I saw in the lake yesterday. 昨天我看到在湖里的就是天鹅。

(C)强调人时,可用who 代替that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时,不能用when, where, why, how 代替that。如:

(1)It is our teacher who / that helps us make great progress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。

(2) It is by bus that I go to school every day. 每天我就是乘公共汽车上学。

(D)在强调not…until结构中的时间状语时,应将not移到until前,再将not until部分移到被强调的位置。如:

I didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night.

—It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed. 昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。

(E)强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时,将强调句中的主句用一般疑问语序。如:

(1) Do you like English?—It is English that you like? 英语就是你喜欢的吗?

(2) Will you go to London?—It is London that you will go to? 你要去的就是伦敦吗?

(F)特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调。

句型为:特殊疑问词+be + it that+…? 如:

(1) What made him so angry?—

What is it that made him so angry?

(2) Why did she cry?—

Why was it that she cried?

(G) 强调主语时,who 或that后面的谓语形式须与被强调的主语保持一致。如:

(1) Lily speaks Chinese very well.

—It is Lily who / that speaks Chinese very well. 李(2)Children like stories. —It is Children that like stories. 孩子们喜欢故事。

(H) 强调句中的be前可用表推测的情态动词:must, can, may等。如:

(1) It must be Piney that sent us this present.

(2) How can it be that he didn’t pass the exams.

(I)强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since, as等引导的原因状语从句。如:

He is better today since he can walk around without my help.

It is better today that he is today since he can walk around without my help. (错)

It is since he can walk around without my help that he is better today. (错)

定语从句

如果主句里的名词,代词等是用一个句子来充当定语修饰和限定的,那么这个句子就是定语从句,定语从句属于后置定语。

The girl who lost her parents in her childhood didn’t have a happy memory of her childhood.

He who laughs last laughs best

定语从句有限定性和非限定性之分。限定性从句对先行词提供必不可少的信息,明确先行词的意义,限制先行词的适用范围,是句子不可缺少的组成部分。先行词和从句之间无逗号隔开。

She is the girl that I met at the office yesterday.

她就是我昨天在办公室遇到的那个女孩儿。

非限定性定语从句是对意义已经很明确的先行词给予补充说明,非限定性定语从句不用that引导,从句和先行词之间用逗号隔开.

She is the girl, whom I met at the office yesterday.

她就是那个女孩儿,我昨天在办公室还碰到她了

练习:

The people helped civilization forward.

The people are often never mentioned in history books at all.

组合成一句话:The people who helped civilization forward are often never mentioned in history books at all.

This is the manager of sales department.

His excellent performance helped set us an example.

This is the manager of sales department whose excellent performance helped set us an example.

This is the manager of sales department the excellent performance of whom helped set us an example.

This is the school.

I studied English in the school.

This is the school where I studied English.

This is the school./ I like the school most.

This is the school (that / which) I like most

Our light industrial goods have been shipped to many countries.

They are received favorably in those countries.

Our light industrial goods have been shipped to many countries where they are received favorably.

Our light industrial goods which are received favorably have been shipped to many countries.

关系代词Who, whom

1. Who替代的先行词必须是人,who在从句中可以充当主语,往往也可以代替whom 充当宾语,

但它前面不能有介词,如果带有介词,则用whom替代。Whom 在从句指人充当宾语。

This is the teacher who is extremely strict with the students.

This is the girl (who/whom) I will go to Shenzhen with.

This is the girl with whom I will go to Shenzhen

2. 在定语从句中可以看出,who和that指人时可以通用,但是在下列情况下则宜用who,不用

that.

A. 先行词是one, ones, anyone, those, 人称代词he, she时

One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.

The ones who flatter me don’t please me.

Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.

Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.

Those who were not fit for their work should be fired.

He (who laughs last) laughs best.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not true man.

B. 当先行词有较长的后置定语时,宜用who.

I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.

C. 一个句子中有两个定语从句时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词已经是that,另一个宜用who

The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.

D. there be 开头的句子中,宜用who

There is an old man who wants to see you.

There are many young men who are against him.

There were two girls who came here.

关系代词Whose

Whose: whose 是代词的所有格,可以替代人和物,代物的时候相当于of which,代人的时候相当于of whom。

1. Which is the Asian country? / The country’s economy is growing the fastest.

Which is the Asian country whose economy/ the economy of which is growing the fastest

4. My uncle is going to make a tour of France./ His son lives in Paris.

My uncle whose son / the son of whom lives in Paris is going to make a tour of France.

关系代词that

That: 可以指人也可以指物,通常情况下that 只能用在限定性定语从句中,在非限定性定语从句中不用that而用which或者who/whom,介词后面不能跟that 而要跟which, whom。

The plane that/which has just taken off is half an hour late.

The radio, which I bought last week, doesn’t work.

但是以下情况宜用that不用which:

A. 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或者它前面有最高级形容词或序数词修饰的时候。

1. This is the best way that has been used against air pollution.

2. English is the most difficult subject that you have to learn during the three years

3. He is the last person that I want to work with.

B.先行词既有人又有物的时候用that

1. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

2.The bike and the rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.

C. 当先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, only, one of,

the very (就是那一个)等代词的时候,宜用that

1.You should hand in all that you have.

2. We haven’t got too much that we can offer you.

3. Liming is the only one that got full marks in the exam.

4. She is the only one that wants to be a teacher in the future.

5. He is the very student that all the teachers like a lot.

6. Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.

D. 当主句中已经有who,which 作疑问词的时候宜用that,当有两个定语从句,其中一个已经用

了which或who,另一个宜用that.

1. Which is the bike that you lost?

2. Who is the man that was praised at the meeting?

3. Edison built up a factory which produced things that has never been seen before.

关系代词which

Which: 在非限定性定语从句中只能用which不用that,which可以指代前面的名词,代词,也可以指代整句话。

1. Paris, which is a modern fashionable city, has a long history.

2. More and more housewives come from their house and get jobs, which makes their life much more

colorful.

3. We will go to visit the factory tomorrow, which means you don’t need to wear suits and high heels. 宜用which的情况

A. 当关系代词前有介词的时候宜用which 不用that

1. This is the hotel at which you will stay for a week.

This is the hotel that / which you will stay at for a week.

B. 当有两个定语从句的时候,一个用了that,另一个宜用which

1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

关系副词Where

Where的用法,当先行词在从句中作地点状语的时候,用where替代先行词,引导定语从句。Where 可以等于合适的地点介词(in /on/ at/under等等)+ which

This is the house./ I was born in the house.

This is the house where I was born.

Where 代替先行词the house,在从句中做地点状语。

This is the house in which I was born.

This is the house (that/which) I was born in.

Which 和that都做介词宾语。Where可以=合适的介词+which

Shenzhen is not the heaven./ Everybody wants to go to Shenzhen.

Shenzhen, where everybody wants to go, is not the heaven.

Shenzhen, to which everybody wants to go, is not the heaven.

When的用法:

When的用法,当先行词在从句中作时间状语的时候,用when替代先行词,引导定语从句。When 可以等于合适的时间介词(in /on/ at/during等等)+ which

He came at 6:00./ We were going to be off work at 6:00.

He came at 6:00 when / at which we were going to be off work.

August 22nd, 2004 was an important day./ I first came to Shenzhen on that day.

August 22nd, 2004 was an important day, when / on which I first came to Shenzhen

why 的用法:

Why的用法,当先行词在从句中作原因状语的时候,用why替代先行词,引导定语从句。Why在某些语境下,可以等于for + which

The reason is to invite you to my birthday party. /I’m calling you for this reason.

The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.

The reason for which I’m calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.

Do you know the reason why he is late?

Do you know the reason ? He is late for that reason.

As引导的定语从句

1. as指代前面/后面整个主句的内容,在句中做主语或者宾语。

As I expected, he did not believe me.

I expected he did not believe me./ He really did not believe me.

I told you he was a liar./ He was actually a liar.

As I told you, he was a liar.

When we married, my husband moved into our house, as is the tradition in Esarn.

我们结婚的时候,我丈夫搬到我们家来住,这是Esarn的传统。

台湾是中国的一部分,这是众所周知的。

Taiwan is part of China, as is known to all of us.

2. 指代名词

He is not the man as he was.

He is not the man./ He was the man. (as引导的定语从句修饰man,as做was的表语。) 深圳不再是以前的样子了。

Shenzhen is no longer as she used to be.

3. 在such …as 和the same…as 的句型中

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.

We have found such materials./ Those materials are used in their factory.

Such people as you described are fewer and fewer nowadays.

Such people are fewer and fewer nowadays.

You described those people.

Tom is not such a man. / The man would leave his work half done.

Tom is not such a man as would leave his work half done.

4. He answered with the same simplicity. / He asked with the simplicity

He answered with the same simplicity as he asked.

初中英语语法记忆小口诀

英语语法记忆口诀 1.初中阶段常见的以O结尾的名词变复数需加-es的,可以这样记忆: 两人两菜(Negro,hero,potato,tomato); 一句话(Negroesandheroeslike to eat potatoes and tomatoes) 生命的加-es(如:heroes,phatoes),无生命的加-es (如:zoo?zoos, pianopianos). 2.某国人变复数 中日不变英法变,其余-S加后面。 3.人称代词主格、宾格记忆口诀 人称代词分主、宾,只有八对要区分; 你(们)、它主、宾同形,其余主、宾要分清。 4.人称代词排序口诀 人称代词并列观,注意顺序礼貌见; 单数人称二、三、一,复数人称一、二、三; 麻烦事情“我”站前,其他人称没意见; 两性并用为三单,男先女后是习惯。 5.形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间词形转换口诀记忆法 一变:my变mine, 二留:his,its不变; 三加尾:其余直接加-S. 6.反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀 反身代词有规律, 第三人称宾格加, 其余开头用物主, 复数-ves替-f 7.不定冠词a,an用法口诀 冠词a,an两种帽,单数可数名词要; 选帽只要听读音,不看字母能做到; 若是元音来开头,一定需要选an帽; 辅音起首戴a帽,记住规律别乱套。 8.定冠词the的用法记忆口诀 特指、重提和唯一,岛屿、海峡和海湾; 海洋、党派、最高级,沙漠、河流与群山; 方位、顺序和乐器,年代、团体与机关; 船名、建筑和组织,会议、条约与报刊; 姓氏复数、国全名,记住定冠the加在前。 9.零冠词用法口诀 月份、星期、节假洲,呼语、头衔职务前; 三餐、球类、惯用语,学科、棋类名词前。 10.英语基数词巧记口诀 英语数词不难记,找出规律很容易;

《英语语法大全(完全版)

v1.0可编辑可修改语法 1. 5种类型的谓语 1326 在一个完整的句子中,主语之外的部分称为谓语,- 谓语。 第一类包含一个不及物动词(IV): He came My wife cried 第二类包含一个及物动词及其宾语(TV+ O : Joh n likes me . His un cle wrote letters 第三类包含一个双宾动词、一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语(They teach me En glish . I bought Mary sugar . 第四类包含一个系动词及主语补语(LV+ C): He is a teacher . She looks sad . 第五类包含一个宾补动词、宾语及宾语补语(FV+ C+ C): 5种类型的DV+IO+DC :

v1.0可编辑可修改We made him king . She left the house dirty 1.基本成分 1302 根据其结构,句子可以分为5类: a.主语+ 不及物动词 Joh n came. (S)(IV) b.主语+ 及物动词+宾语 Joh n likes oranges . (S) (TV) (O) c.主语+ 双宾动词+ 间接兵语+直接宾语 Joh n gave Mary books . (S)(DV (10)(DO

d.主语+ 系动词+ 主语补语 Joh n is happy . (S)(LV)(SC e.主语+ 宾补动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补语 Joh n makes Mary angry . (S)(FV) ( O)(OC 主语、不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。在上面的句子中,如把任何一个成分删除,都会成为病句。从上面例句也可看出,完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。 2 ?附属成分 1303 基本成分可以加修饰语:1)定语(即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或 从句)或2)状语(即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句)。下面例句中,修饰语为斜体字,被修饰的词为黑体字: 1)Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby . John likes oranges imported from the U . S..

高中英语语法大全

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高中英语各种教材词组汇总大全(超级实用)[1]

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头 ·take …into account 把…考虑在内 ·accuse sb. of 指责某人某事/指控某人某事 charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事 ·be accustomed/used to sth./doing 习惯于做某事 ·make a great achievement/great achievements 取得重 大成绩 ·acid rain 酸雨 ·act as 担任;充当·take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 ·take an active part in 积极参加… ·adapt oneself to sth./doing 适应于(做)某事 be adapted to sth./ doing ·add to beauty/difficulties 增添了美丽/困难·add up to 合计达… amount to合计达…·in addition 此外,另外·in addition to sth. 除…之外 ·admire sb. for sth. 羡慕/钦佩某人某事 ·admit one’s mistake 承认某人的错误 ·be admitted to university 被大学录取·adopt one’s advice 采纳某人的建议 ·adopt a child 收养一个孩子

初中英语语法口诀大全

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高中英语语法总结大全-形容词和副词

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大S弯弯溪流淌,小s像8没合上; 大T铁锤当当响,小t像个大写七; 大U陷阱在下方,小u将n倒着放; 大V竖起两手指,小v长个尖下巴。 大W是M朝天躺,小w将v弄成双; 大X像叉画本上,小x剪刀裁衣忙。 大Y弹弓没皮筋,小y比v多尾巴; 大Z和2最相像,小z呼噜声最响。 英语字母书写口诀 字母书写有规则,右倾五度正适合。 大写全在上两格,高低一致不会错。 小写字母也不难,请你记住这几点。 有头就用上两格,b, d, h, i, k, l 和t。有尾就占下两格,g, p, q, y要记着。 无头无尾写中格,多练几遍不会错。 剩下j, f不一般,三个格子全都占。 仔细辨来认真练,养成书写好习惯。 单词首字母大写用法歌口诀 单词字母要大写,下面规则是小结。 句子开头首字母,文章标题虚词除(外)。

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可数名词复数特殊变化规律 中日好友来聚会, 绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。 男士、女士a变e; 牙(齿)、脚双o变双e; 孩子们想去天安门, 原形后面r、 e 、n; 老鼠本来爱大米, mice,ice和rice. 注:中Chinese,日Japanese,好友people. 绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish (这些单词单复数一样)

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