direction:Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees.As a result,there have been many arguments for against the interview as a selection procedure.What is your opinion?
Interview is beneficial
Nowadays interview is frequently used as a means of recruit prospective employees.As a result,there have been various arguments fo or against it as a selection procedure.Some people regardit as a good way to select employees within a short time while others think it is not proper to decide on a person just by the interview.Both of their opinions are right to a certain extent.But in my opinion,interview is very beneficial in the modern society.
First,interview is an efficient way to test is one has the ability required for the expected job.Through the general talks,the employers can have a clear idea of whether the interview possesses sufficient knowledge.At the same times,interview can make interview have a better understanding of the recruiting company.
Second,interview embodies fairness.In an interview,all candidates face the same situation:the same place,the same interviewers and questions of almost the same difficulty.And the judgments are not made by one interview but a board of interviewers,which can make the selection more reliable and just.
Adimittedly,there are some limitation of the interview,such as judging people by frist impression only,interviewees'misrepresent of themselves through preparation,and inconsistency in the interviewers'assessment.But generally speaking,the modern society can benefit fromthe interview rather tahn suffer from it.With the help of the help of the interview,both interviewers and interviewees can find out which is their best choice.
Direction:thtoughout our life,we are more often than not faced with various crises.Confronting crises,different people respond differently.
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Crises
Throughout our life,we are more often than not faced with various crises.Confronting crises,people respond differently.Some people choose to retreat or give in,while others choose to fight bravely against them.I belong to the second the group of people:when confronted with crises,I choose to fight against and defeat them.
Crisis is to us what illness is to our body.Just as fatal disease can destroy our body,so does destructive crises knock us so irrevocably and hopelessly that we might never have the chance to stand on our feet again.
However,most crisis that frequently come to us in life are not fatal.They like occasional ailments that sometimes can bolster our body's immune system,are mostly minor and surmountable and therefore making us hardy enough to survive whatever adversities in our later life.So we should regard such crisis as turning points to adjust so as to improve ourselves rather than obstacles in our life.
As the old Chinese saying gose"The remember of the past is the teacher of the future".Confronted with crisis,we can bear in mind the sufferings,make adjustment to go through the crises and finally get improved from them.
Direction:Credit cards
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On credit cards
Nowadays,more and more people in the developd countries are using credit to pay in stead of cash.
Credit cards are very conveniently.With credit cards,people needn't bother to wait in the long queue to window money from the ATM,and they also needn't worry the loss or the steal of the credit cards.Because there is a code set by the holder,it will be difficult for other people to use it.Besides,credit cards allow people to overdrawn,on condition that the customers pay some interest.The character of the credit cards attracts people very much,because in the daily life,it's inevitable that people will meet some problem and need a large sum of money.In that case,without asking relation for help,they can resort to the credit cards.
In spite of so many advantages,ther are still some negative points of credit cards.Since the credit cards allow the overdraft,many people overuse it,thus they will get into heavy debt because of failing to pay the money and interest back.
As the old saying goes"Every coin has two sides",credit cards have both advantages and defects.Therefore,people should lead a proper attitude toward them:tey to make the most of them while minimizing the negative effects.
Direction:Some people suggest that it should be raise pets in big cities.Do you agree or disagree with them?
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People should be allowed to raise pets
Nowadays it's very common for people to raise pets,but it has caused a stir in society.Some people insist that we shouldn't keep pets,because they are dirty and can transmit various kinds of diseases,while others point out that pets are friends of human beings and can bring much fun.I agree with the latter group of people.
Because the pets,though taking up much spare and money of human beings,can give people laugter and satisfaction,which is very important and priceless in this competitive and money-orientated world.The market economy has made our life more competitive than ever before.Thus,people have to be aggressive and indifferent in order to survive the challenges from work and life.Gradually,friendship is replaced by the cutthroat competition,and friends are becoming alienated.So people begin can help to resort the lovely animals to get the feeling of companionship and fun.
Besides,raising pets can help people cultivate the sense of love and help people to drive away loneliness.Nowadays,many elderly people are living alone,thus they raise pets to kill time.They treat pets like their children,and if they are deprived of the right to keep pets,they will get lost in a great depression.
Pets are good friends of human being:they can bring us much fun,and can drive away the loneliness.Thus,I think people should be allowed to raise pets.
特点：复旦大学2001-2006年考博英语真题，其写作部分的试题可以归纳为：<1>出题方式以命题作文或观点对比型为主<2>出题方式贴近生活,特别是和教育、科研工作者有关的一般性话题以及生活热点话题〈3〉体裁多为议论文。
复习指南：[1]在日常生活中应该多关心政治和当今的热点问题，尤其是要多考虑和科学家、学术道德、科研、博士研究生教育等相关的热点问题，并有意识的对各热点问题根据考博英语作文要求进行写作。
[2]多背一些规范的应用文，多练一些热点议论文。平时应该多看些托福、雅思考试的真题作文，多背一些常用的词组和句型，特别是不要局限与复旦大学写作常考题型，学习范围要
宽，命题作文、提纲作文、图表作文等都要涉及，时事短语、短句和热点文章。多记忆相关词汇和词组，为写作打基础。
[3]多记忆好的开头段和结尾段的模板，总结过度的词组和句子。
Direction:There is a picture belowstairs.Look at it carefully and write a composition of about250 words based what it conveys.(态度决定一切)
[参考范文]It is not difficult for us to derive the hidden meaning from the picture.While the right person is cudgeling his brain for the money of5million in the welfare lottery,the left one is just enjoying the process and gains a big win finally.The obvious contrast enlightens us to think about our common surroundings.
Nowadays a complaint of being busy and tired has more or less become a fashionable way to excess one's social status.Driven by the outer world temptation in this material oriented society, most of us tend to make our lives occupy by mass of business with the so-called purpose of enjoying a high quality lifeless.We often hold the dream that when we have enough money we will do this or that.That's to say our daily life is always undedr the pressure of future ambition. seldom do we stop to appreciate the things tha are happening around use.It'smost of the cases that when we look back a feeling of regretting fills in our mind,since we have missed so many beautiful scenes on our way of life in order to achieve the ultimate goal.
As far as I am concerned,we should never degenerate into the slaves of the objective.Of course,that's not denial of pursuing our alms.That just reminds us to live easter,to enjoy the whole procession,maybe during which we will find something more precious.
[文海拾贝]（1）derive取得，得到；追溯...的起源He derives his enthusiasm for literature form his father.
他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。（2）cudgel one's brains for绞尽脑汁为...（3）material oriented物质导向的（4）degenerate衰退，堕落Her eyesight degenerated with the years.他是视力因年老而衰退
Direction:Write a composition of about200words on the following topic.Remember to write your composition on Answer Sheet IIi.
My Opinion about Traditional Holidays in Modern China
[参考范文]My Opinion about Traditional Holidays in Modern China
Since the reform and opening,great changes have taken place in China blue:people are no longer suffering from hunger or cold;the living standard of the whole nation has greatly improved.After fulfilled the material needs,people begin to pursue the spirit satisfaction.They show a strong enthusiasm for the western culture,with the notion that since its economic pattern can improve the life and the soul,its culture must be also beneficial for themselves.Thuswise,many traditonnal holidays are gradually ignore.But I thinking,in the modern society we still should keep the tradition,and carry them coward.
firstly,the traditional holidays are the heritage of our ancestors.Having experienceed the scrutiny of the time and the previcious people,they are proved to be the essence of the traditional culture.So if wu forget them,we will forget the history,the culture and our ancestors as well.Then our abundant culture will be thrown away little by little,generation by generation,and finally disappear.Our descendants will not be able to have access to their ancestors'great intelligence and excellent deas.
Secondly,tradition holidays can enhance the communication both of the domestic and the cross-cultural.china is famous for and highly respected by its traditions in the world.Traditions
play an important role in the cross-cultural communications,but if we throw away themselves,our nation's magical charm will be bound to suffer impactsound.because who will be interested in a nation that hasn't its own culture and history?For the domestic affairs,tradition holidays can help improve the communication between family members and friends by calling up people to get together on the holidayspeeches.
considering the great importance traditions have on our national,I insist that traditional holidayspeeches,as a part of the whole Chinese tradition,be kept and carried forward rather than thrown away.
[文海拾贝]（1）reform and opening改革开发（2）suffering from hunger and the cold饥寒交迫（3）pursue the spirit satisfaction追求精神上的满足（4）little by little逐渐，渐渐His health seems to be improving little by little.他的健康状况看来正在逐渐好转（5）have access to有权使用，享用机会have free access to the library's scientific literature免费使用图书馆科学文献的机会（6）cross-cultural communication跨文化交际（7）be bound to必定，一定He is bound to fail because of his laziness由于他的懒惰，他注定会失败。
Directions:Write a composition of about and about80words on the following topic.Remember to write your composition on Answer Sheet II.
One of Turning Points in My life
[参考范文]In my past years'school life,I seldom took part in the teamwork.There are two reasons for my sighting;I'm an independant person,and I don't think I need others'help to complete a task;i don't admire or trust other people's ability,and I always on the trotthink my work is the best.But a recent experience chagned my previous prejudice.
It happened a week ago when I worked in the school newspaper department.I was the chief editor of an English newspaper.In the preparation period I didn't contact or communication with the other two editor:I decided what kind of articles chosen,how the structures arranged without asking them for their opinions.Everything went smoothly,but when the publishing time came,the publisher told me that the content I arranged was not enough.I was very vexatious and didn't know what to do.At taht times,the other two editors took out their work and added it to mine,without any coplaints,and tne second day,our newspaper was printed out on schedule.It was fairly a small incident,but it tealy impreesed me.Only then did I realize how importent teamwork and coperration was.
I appreciate that small incident much,and even take it as turning point of my life,because it helped me get rif of prejudice and gave me anew realization of people around and myself.
[文海拾贝]（1）get rid of the prejudice消除成见（2）vexatious伤脑筋的，令人烦恼的（3）turning point转折点
The Vakues of Failure
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There is no doubt that success is valuable and adorable,but failure,as not so welcome a thing,is also of great value.Just as old saying goest,"failure is the mother of success."
failure paves the way for success,thus we say it's valuable.In the history,many great people achieved success after hundreds of consecutive failure.The great American inventor Edison was a good example.Edison had tried many kinds of material before finally found out the tungsten filament was the proper one.After the invention of electric light,when asked priceabout the former failures,Edison gladly told the public that he didn't think them as failures,for from these these
experiments,he learned that all these material were not proper for making electric light.
Failure makes people do self-examination,thus getting improved,so we say failure is of great value.Success sometimes makes people arrogant and blind,while failure makes people sober.After failure,people will actively search out the problems,draw a lesson from it and pay a visit tothe former mistajes in order not to commit the same mistake again in the future.
In this sense,failure is valuable.So that,next time when we encounter failure,just look it from another perspective;failure has come,success is certainly not so far away.
[文海拾贝]（1）adorable值得喜爱的（2）pave the way for为...做准备，创造条件His economic policies paved the way for industrial expansion.他的经济政策为工业扩张铺平了道路。（3）tungsten filament钨丝（4）sober审慎的，郑重的a sober analysis of the facts对事实的仔细分析
Direction:Some people prefer to plan for their free time very carefully.Others choose not to make any plans at all for their free https://www.doczj.com/doc/783918139.html,pare the benefits of planning free time activities with the benefits of not making plans.Which do you prefer-planning or not planning for your leisure time?Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
[参考范文]People often spend their free time in different ways.Some make plans carefully for their leisure time,while others just plan nothing for the free time.I prefer making specific plan for my leisure time in advance.Because making plan has so many advantages.
First,plans show us the direction.Plans point out the direction for us,thus we won't feel confused.As the old saying goes"practice makes perfect",plan also makes perfect.Under the guide of a plan,things will go methodically rather than in a mess.
Second,plans give people a sense of self-fulfilment.People can always get encourage or inspiration when completing a certain task at work,so it is with the spending of the leisure time.A specific schedule can always give me a sense of achievement especially when finish these schedule one by one.If there is not a s specific plan for my day,I will fell a bit lost,not knowing what to do.Thus it is very likely for me to get lost in an idle feeling and a great depression.
Different people have different ideas and habits of spending their leisure time,and for me,a carefully planned leisure time schedule and a strictly enforcement of the schedule can bring enjoyment and relaxation.
[文海拾贝]（1）in advance预先，提前He had known in advance of the invasion plans.他事先就知道入侵的计划。（2）methodical有条理的，按秩序的methodical work有条不紊的工作（3）time schedule时间表（4)idle闲散的，懒散的；无价值的an idle,useless student懒散、不成器的学生an idle promise说说而已的承诺
Direction:Do you agreeable or disagree with the following statement?
People never satisfied with what thay have.They always want something more ro something https://www.doczj.com/doc/783918139.html,e specific reasons to support your answer.
[参考范文]
There is an old saying in China"when it is enough,quit",which exhorts people not to be too greedy and not to lust for too much.As time passed by,many things have changed greatly,including the traditional values.Nowadays few people can still agree with the old saying,let alone behaving according to it.People are never satisfied with what they have.They always want something more or something different.But I'm still prone to agree with the old saying.
Because too many desires make one exhausted.If people often lust for this,always lust for that,they will be very tired,because there are so many things taht don't belong to them,so their whole lives
are bound to be spent in endless desires,namely,endless exhaustions.They are never aware of what they have already had,and they never have the chance and time to enjoy what they have possessed.Besides,too many lusts make one greedy;while greediness can lead to evil.
Life itself is wonderful;there are already many splendid points around us.People should cheris life and enjoy what life has given them rather than endlessly pursue the extra things.
[文海拾贝]（1）exhort规劝，告戒The chairman exhorts the party workers to action主席敦促党的工作人员采取行动（2）lust(for\after)对...有强烈欲望lust after women贪恋女色lust for revenge渴望复仇（3）let alone更不必说I haven't decided on the menu yet,let alone bought the food.我还没决定吃什么菜呢，更不必说买好了（4）be prone to倾向于做...prone to infection after a cut scratch割伤以后，易受感染（5）pursue追求，寻求She pursued the goal of perfection in her art在艺术上她追求达到完美境界Some people are inclined to jump to hasty conclusion.有些人往往喜欢贸然下结论
大学英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给 我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
考博英语语法总结 过去分词与形容词的语义差： 1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things the destructive power of modern weapons Damaged：being in a bad state emotionally damaged children 2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Respectful：feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence. 3. Preferred ：Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Preferential：Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 5.Loving：She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. Lovable： a sweet lovable child Lovely：We had a lovely holiday. 6. Tolerated：While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very imp ortant. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English well. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important.
2015天津大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、天津大学考博英语题型 Part1:听力理解，一段对话，10小题，10分； Part2：选词填空，15个词汇中选10个，10分； Part3：阅读理解40分 A：3篇（每篇600词左右），15题30分； B：1篇，5段空白，从7~8段文字中选择5段合适的段落，5题10分；Part4：翻译，600词左右的英语篇章（内容偏重科技），然后将有下划线的6-8个部分翻译成汉语，20分； Part5：写作，要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或表格等，写出一篇说明或议论型短文；或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。不少于200词，共20分。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导
师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。 总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。 初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。 五、听力答题技巧 1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。电话：四零零六六八六九七八。扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。 2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑的混乱。 3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。人的大脑有时候会混淆的。因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。 (1)提炼选项中的重要信息 考生务必先看选项。当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。 (2)掌握节奏合理安排时间 可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
考博英语词汇语法题考前恶补、 全真模拟试题 1. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course. A. he was knowing B. he is knowing C. having a knowledge of D. knows 2. You ______th at letter to James. However, you didn’t. A. ought to write B. ought to have written C. should write D. should be writing 3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room. A. to escape B. to have escaped C. to escaping D. to be escaping 4. Bread and butter ______liked by Westerners. A. is B. are C. were D. be 5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______very pleasant to sit on in summer. A. which is B. which it is C. it is D. where it is 6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful. A. in B. of C. on D. by 7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______last night. A. must study B. should have studied C. must have studied D. is sure to study 8. Frank almost never received any education, ______? A. would he B. did he C. didn’t he D. wouldn’t he 9. Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______too late to do anything. A. will arrive...is B. should arrive...were C. arrives...will be D. arrives...would be 10. We can hear ______from the back of the room. A. just as good B. just as easy C. just as well D. easily as well 11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______of paint on a clean surface. A. coats B. levels C. times D. courses 12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow for more than one month. A. cut back B. cut out C. cut off D. cut away 13. Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking. A. fined B. charged C. punished D. posed 14. Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves. A. technique B. technology C. tactics D. tendency 15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______ when she was trying to go to sleep. A. sounding B. ringing C. ticking D. humming 16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid. A. intensive B. weighty C. intense D. bulky 17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living. A. maximum B. minority C. majority D. minimum 18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______. They seemed to be a happy couple. A. split up B. broken down C. fallen through D. knocked out
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job?
北京科技大学考博英语必备语法知识点英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有一些(如下文中 的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12)等，见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在 于：英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常用的 英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下： 倍数增加 (一)A is n times as great(long，much，…)as B.(①). A is n times greater(longer，more，…)than B.(②). A is n times the size(length，amount，…)of B.(③). 以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度，数量，……)是B的n倍[或A比B 大(长，多，……)n-1倍]. Eg.This book is three times as long as(three times longer than， threetimes the length of)that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than(as，of)B常被省去。 (二)increase to n times(④). increase n times/n-fold(⑤). increase by n times(⑥). increase by a factor of n(⑦). 以上四式均应译为：增加到n倍(或：增加n-1倍)。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Eg.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。 Eg.The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times
考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（7） 虚拟语气归纳和练习 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为： would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转
考博英语有多难 有人说英语需要的是积累，想在短时间内提高英语水平很难，此话不假。但是英语水平与英语考试分数并不直接对应，想在短时间内提高英语考试分数却有章可循。一般英语基础比较差的考生首先需要突破的是单词。找一本考博单词辅导书天天背。育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，单词不认识，一切都是虚妄，此处无捷径可走需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 一、成绩建立在基础之上 单词量有了，再翻开考博阅读，你会发现文章忽然不那么可怕了，文章中一个个刚刚认识的、熟悉却有略感生疏的面孔再冲你微笑。这时可以开始进行阅读的突破。阅读训练请只做真题，其他任何资料都不足取，趁早放在一旁。考博复习的日子分秒必争，不是提高阅读量的时候。有去看英文报纸的功夫不如去再好好背一背单词，要还是有闲功夫就应当去准备其他科目了。做阅读真题的时候注意要仔细揣摩命题组的思路，到最后应该是读文章的时候就能隐约感觉到出题点;做题的时候能明显的感觉到常用的设陷阱的方法，甚至从选择项的语气、语言组织就能感觉到正确的选项。真题做一遍肯定不够，最好能过多做几遍，考博辅导专家提醒考生，做题的时候不光要提高英文水平，更重要的是要熟悉命题组的思路与命题方式。
二、写作其实很简单 英语作文写作并没有大家想象中那样困难，大家可以在平时多背一些复杂而又漂亮的句型，写作的时候尽量把他们用进去就是了。考博辅导专家提醒考生，有一个关键是要不要去背具体的句子而要背漂亮的语法结构。具体的句子应用面太窄，而一个漂亮的语法结构几乎在任何一篇作文中都可以用上。平时做一些练习，主要练习怎样在实际的句子中使用这些漂亮的语法结构，考试时就可以得心应手了。至于其他的题目，比如完型填空，确实比较考察你的英文水平积累。前面说过，英文水平在短期内难以迅速提高，所以请不要去做他们的专项练习。你多记了三五个固定搭配对最后分数的影响微乎其微，还有更重要的事情等着你去做，不要浪费时间。 育明考博辅导专家认为，英语的复习就是以背单词为基础，抓住阅读与写作，不要做其他题型的针对训练。 本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
华慧考博：https://www.doczj.com/doc/783918139.html, 考博复习|2018考博要怎么复习？华慧考博复习技巧攻略 1、考博英语题型由于考博英语试题由各招生单位自己独立命题，所以不同院校的考博英语试题题型风格不尽相同。就题型而言，一般都含有词汇结构、完形填空、阅读理解、汉英互译、作文题。很多院校初试不再考听力，而在复试通过口语形式考查。但有些院校仍在初试考查听力，甚至很重视听力分数。有些学校还有改错题，应用文，甚至其他题型。少数院校不考作文，但翻译比较长。很多院校主观题的分数所占比重都较高，占1/3甚至1/2比重。 2、难度考博英语重视考查翻译、写作等与攻读博士学位相关的应用能力，所以其难度不能简单与其他考试比较。但一般来说，考博英语试题的难度约相当于大学英语六级，但少数院校比六级难，有些院校甚至只相当于四级水平，甚至同一院校不同年份的难易程度也迥异。这是由于考博英语试题的命制没有其他英语水平考试、选拔考试规范，往往因出题人不同而有区别。所以，报考相应院校的考生一定要看一看该院校近年的考博英语真题。 3、词汇保守估计，考博英语需要掌握7000~8000单词，900常用动词短语。当然，一般掌握了六级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇，通过考博英语也没有多大问题，只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。长期关注和研究考博英语试题，反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。事实上，背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意义的，考博英语考查的重点不是考生掌握了多少词汇，而如上文所述，是阅读、翻译、写作能力。所以，词汇够用即可，建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇，然后略加拓展，如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。有些院校公布了词汇表或参考词汇表，但实际出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。英语说到底还是个水平问题。 4、语法大部分院校考博英语试题都不直接考查语法，但语法有必要全面复习一下。这也不怎么花费时间。 5、阅读可以做一做对应院校的考题，也可做一做考研阅读真题、大学英语六级真题，有些院校考博英语试题选自考研真题原题、六级真题原题 6、翻译英译汉相对来说比较好做，但不好得分。相反，汉译英虽然看起来难，但往往容易得分。所以应该多准备。 7、作文一般都是命题作文，即给定题目写一篇200~250词的议论文。作文应当认真准备。这是容易得分也容易失分的项目。 华慧考博：https://www.doczj.com/doc/783918139.html,
考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（3） 过去分词与形容词的语义差： 1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things the destructive power of modern weapons Damaged: being in a bad state emotionally damaged children 2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Respectful: feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence. 3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. Lovable: a sweet lovable child Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. 6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. 虚拟语气 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
2015上海交通大学考博英语分析 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、上海交通大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇15分，30小题。 Part2:完形填空10分，20小题。 Part3:阅读理解50分，25小题。 Part4:翻译10分，（英译汉300字的短文；汉译英300字短文）。 Part5:写作15分，200字左右。与学术有关的作文。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
八年级上册英语语法归纳 【篇一】 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father’s job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always(总是，一直) usually(通常)
often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there. 5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
中国矿业大学考博英语必备语法知识点 1.With irrigation came surplus food，which meant that large numbers of people were freed trom the land to pursue nonagrarian specialities—technological development，scholarship for its sake——and war。 随着有了灌溉，粮食就有了剩余，这就意味着大批人就可解脱出来从事农业以外的工作一发展工艺，研究其学问——甚至参加战争。 (with...“随着”，引导的短语作状语。 With the approach of sunset it became chilly，come surplus food 是倒装语序，food是主语，came是谓语。which引导特种定语从句，指上句话。不定式to pursue..。war有结果状语的意味。). 2.First of all， Kepler found that each planet goes around the sun in a curve called an ellipse，with the sun at a focus of the ellipse. 开普勒首先发现了每个行星都以椭圆曲线绕太阳运行，太阳则位于椭圆的焦点。(with the sun at，..为介词复合结构作状语，补充说明。). 3.It should be noted that a rocket does not depend on the atmosphere for its propulsion，but would actually perform better in the absence of an atmosphere becauseOf lessened air resistance. 应该注意，火箭的推力与大气无关，在没有大气的情况下，由于空气阻力减小，火箭实际上会运行得更好。(in the absence of anatmosphere含有虚拟条件的意味。). （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) 4.Electrical power is always carried over long distances as a high-tension current at low-currentstrength.It is also sent as an alternating current，for such current is comparatively easily transformed eitherup ordown in voltage. 电力总是以高电压低电流的方式进行远距离输送的，又是以交流电的形式送电的，因为这种交流电易于升压或降压。(两个as构成的介词短语都用作方式方法状语，分别说明iscarried和issent。). 5.When one considers the immense change in the size and reliability of computers and all other electronic devices that has taken place，it is clean that computers for doing this type of control of movement according to sense impression will certainly be available. 当我们考虑到计算机和其他所有电子器件在尺寸和可*性方面所发生的极大变化时，就不难明白，根据感觉进行这类活动控制的计算机一定会出现。(for...movement是computers的定语，介词短语according to sense
2015北京师范大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、北京师范大学考博英语题型 Part1:阅读理解，七篇共45个小题，45分； Part2:翻译，英译汉两个,汉译英一个，40分； Part3:写作，summary，15分。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本