Model Test Seven
Part Ⅰ Writing （30 minutes）
Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Traditional Festivals. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below：
1. 时下年轻人越来越重视过西方的节日
2. 中国传统节日应该得到重视
注意：在实考中，此部分试题在答题卡1上。
The Importance of Traditional Festivals
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）
Directions： In this part， you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1~7，mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8~10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Dreams for centuries， we have tried to figure out just why our brains play these shows nightly for us. Early civilizations thought dream worlds were real and physical worlds that they could enter originates only from their dream state. Researchers continue to toss around many theories about dreaming. Those theories essentially fall into two categories：The idea that dreams are only physiological stimulations. The idea that dreams are psychologically necessary Dreams：The Theoretical Divide Physiological theories are based on the idea that we dream in order to exercise various neural connections that some researchers believe affect certain types of learning. Psychological theories are based on the idea that dreaming allows us to sort through problems， events of the day or things that are requiring a lot of our attention. Some of these theorists think dreams might be prophetic. Many researchers and scientists also believe that perhaps it is a combination of the two theories. First and foremost in dream theory is Sigmund Freud. Falling into the psychological camp， Dr. Freud s theories are based on the idea of repressed longing—the desires that we aren’t able to express in a social setting. Dreams allow the unconscious mind to act out those unacceptable thoughts and desires. For this reason， his theory about dreams focuses primarily on sexual desires and symbolism. Carl Jung studied under Freud but soon decided his own ideas differed from Freud’s to the extent that he needed to go in his own direction. He agreed with the psychological origin of dreams，but rather than saying that dreams originated from our primal needs and repressed wishes， he felt that dreams allowed us to reflect on our waking selves and solve our problems or think through issues. More recently，around 1973， researchers Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley found that dreams were simply the result of random electrical brain impulses that pulled imagery from traces of experience stored in the memory. They hypothesize that these images don t form the stories that we remember as our dreams. Instead， our waking minds， in trying to make sense of the imagery， create the stories without our even realizing it—simply because the brain wants to make sense of what it has experienced. While this theory， known as the activation synthesis hypothesis， created a big rift in the dream research arena because of its leap away from the accepted theories， it has withstood the
test of time and is still one of the more prominent dream theories.
Dreaming and the Brain. When we sleep， we go through five sleep stages. The first stage is a very light sleep from which it is easy to wake up. The second stage moves into a slightly deeper sleep， and stages three and four represent our deepest sleep. Our brain activity throughout these stages is gradually slowing down so that by deep sleep， we experience nothing but delta brain waves—the slowest brain waves. About 90 minutes after we go to sleep and after the fourth sleep stage， we begin REM sleep. Rapid eye movement （REM） was discovered in 1953 by University of Chicago researchers Eugene Aserinsky，a graduate student in physiology， and Nathaniel Kleitman，Ph.D., chair of physiology. REM sleep is primarily characterized by movements of the eyes and is the fifth stage of sleep. During REM sleep， several physiological changes also take place. The heart rate and breathing quickens， the blood pressure rises， we can t regulate our body temperature as well and our brain activity increases to the same level （alpha） as when we are awake， or even higher. The rest of the body， however， is essentially paralyzed until we leave REM sleep. Because REM sleep is the sleep stage at which most dreaming takes place， this paralysis could be nature’s way of making sure we don t act out our dreams. The four stages outside of REM sleep are called non REM sleep（NREM）. Although most dreams do take place during REM sleep，more recent research has shown that dreams can occur during any of the sleep stages. Tore A. Nielsen， Ph. D.， of the Dream and Nightmare Laboratory in Montreal，refers to this as “covert REM sleep” making an appearance during NREM sleep. Most NREM dreams， however， don t have the intensity of REM dreams. Throughout the night， we go through these five stages several times. Each subsequent cycle， however， includes more REM sleep and less deep sleep （stage three and four）. By morning，we’re having almost all stage one， two and five （REM） sleep. Dreams and REM Sleep Originally, researchers thought that no REM sleep meant no dreams. They theorized that dreams were a sort of safety valve that helped your brain let off steam that you couldn’t let off during the day. William Dement，MD, now at Stanford University School of Medicine，did a study in 1960 in which subjects were awakened every time they entered REM sleep. His findings included mild psychological disturbances such as anxiety， irritability and difficulty concentrating. He also noted an increase in appetite. While some studies backed up these ideas，more and more studies did not. The latest ideas on REM sleep are associated with learning. Researchers are trying to determine the effects that REM sleep and the lack of REM sleep have on learning certain types of skills—usually physical skills rather than rote memory. This connection seems strong in some respects due to the fact that infants and toddlers experience much more REM sleep than adults.
Dream Recall It is said that five minutes after the end of a dream，we have forgotten 50 percent of the dream’s content. Ten minutes later，we’ve forgotten 90 percent of its content. Freud theorized that we forget our dreams because they contain our repressed thoughts and wishes and so we shouldn’t want to remember them an yway. Other research points to the simple reason that other things get in the way. We are forward thinking by nature，so remembering something when we first wake up is difficult.
Ongoing Dream Research and Therapy Research in various areas of dreaming is ongoing， particularly in the areas of REM sleep and lucidity. One study in lucid dreaming involves trying to get the dreamer to communicate with observers while he or she is dreaming. Stephen La Berge， who is at the forefront of lucid dreaming research， has successfully achieved communication through eye movements， but of course this type of communication is very limited. His ongoing work involves
dreamers wearing a glove that incorporates movement sensors to record hand movements during sleep. By using sign language，they hope be able to get reports of dreams as they are occurring. One day，perhaps we’ll all be able to control our dreams or even share our dreams with others while we sleep.
注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. Some researchers believe that dreams are physiological stimulations，in order to exercise various neural connections.
2. Psychological theories maintain that dreams are prophetic，revealing to us what is likely to happen in the future.
3. Freud believes that dreams can be interpreted as repressed longings，which are allowed to act out by the unconscious mind.
4. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley explained that dreams happen as imagery from traces of experiences stored in the memory is pulled out during sleep.
5. The activation synthesis hypothesis is the most widely accepted theory of interpreting dreams.
6. According to the loss of memory theory， a person who has experienced a brain injury will lead to no REM sleep.
7. Of the five sleep stages， the second stage is a very light sleep from which it is easy to wake up.
8. Carl Jung believed that dreams offer us a chance to meditate on and solve our problems or think through issues.
9. During REM sleep，we experience of our body which could be nature’s way of making sure we don t act out in our dreams.
10. Stephen La Berge achieved limited success in communicating with the dreamer through .
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension （35 minutes）
Section A
Directions： In this section， you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation， one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause， you must read the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A） Five may be too many. B） The decision must be made soon.
C） It would be smart to take more. D） Four people are enrolled in them.
12. A） Find the newspaper editor.
B） Find a job working as a reporter.
C） Stay awake for the midnight news program.
D） Prepare an editorial for this week s newspaper.
13. A） A furnished house B） A latest book.
C） A refinished cellar. D） A new record.
14. A）He hasn’t had time to do the experiment.
B） The experiment turned out well.
C） The experiment took a lot of time.
D） He only did part of the experiment that day.
15. A） It is in the center of the campus B） It should have a map of the city.
C） It has information about summer camps. D） It probably has a campus map.
16. A） The paper must be handed in on time. B）The question wasn’t very clear.
C） He should ask a different person. D） His request was made too late.
17. A） They have arrived late.
B） She agrees with the man.
C） They are uncertain about the weather.
D）She didn’t think the man was ever late.
18. A）Her room isn’t the one that is messy.
B） Joan s room is the large one.
C） She would like to change the subject.
D） She shares her room with Joan.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A） She was utterly impressed by it.
B） It was a waste of money.
C） She was amazed it had opened so soon.
D）She didn’t like it as much as the other wings.
20. A） He took a tour of the city. B） He read about it.
C） He wrote an article about it. D） He worked there as a guide.
21. A） They came from the original wing.
B）They’re made of the same material.
C）They’re similar in the basic design.
D） They were designed by the same person.
22. A） It was made of aluminum. B）It wasn’t large enough.
C）It wouldn’t move in the wind. D） It was too heavy to put up.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A） Get a ride home with Nancy. B） Find a place to live.
C） Go to the store before it closes. D） Carry his groceries home.
24. A）He hadn’t expected to buy a lot.
B） He had only one bag of groceries.
C） The supermarket is just down the block.
D）He thought he’d get a ride with the Kremers.
25. A） They are paying for his education. B） They invited him to their party.
C） They took him on a vacation with them D） They let him live with them for free.
Section B
Directions： In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage， you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A） Why airline delays make people angry.
B） The cost of airline delays to the economy.
C） The causes leading to airline delays.
D） What FAA can do about air travel delays.
27. A） Changeable weather conditions. B） More planes are flying.
C） More people travel by air. D） Lack of coordination.
28. A） They insist on taking control during heavy traffic and bad weather.
B） They make it a rule that the number of flights be reduced.
C） They demand for extended distance between planes during bad weather.
D） They require the number of flights be reduced during bad weather.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A） In an earthquake. B） In a destructive fire.
C） In a planned blast. D） In a tornado attack.
30. A） To predict which parts of the city would be damaged in an earthquake.
B） To make sure the city would not be affected in an earthquake.
C） To predict the next possible earthquake happening to the city.
D） To analyze the possible effects of the destruction to the city.
31. A） The earthquake started deep inside the earth.
B） Earthquakes close to the surface have fewer aftershocks.
C） The Seattle earthquake had 120 aftershocks.
D） Deep earthquakes have fewer aftershocks.
32. A） To blast some parts of Seattle with explosives.
B） To focus on studying the plate underneath Seattle.
C） To predict the next possible earthquake.
D） To learn more about the frequency of aftershocks.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A）The Russian name for the spacecraft means “traveler”.
B） It was launched toward the end of the 1950s.
C） It was resulted from Soviet and American scientists.
D） The spacecraft was a small aluminum ball fitted with a radio.
34. A） How to make a powerful rocket engine.
B） How to ensure the safety of the crew.
C） How to choose qualified crewmen for the trip.
D） How to enable the spacecraft break free of gravity.
35. A） They built a much lighter rocket.
B） They built a much faster rocket.
C） They loaded the rocket with enough fuel.
D） They built a multistage rocket.
Section C
Directions： In this section， you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time， you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for
the second time， you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks， you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally， when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.
注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
The （36） degree that a student can earn is a doctorate. Some doctorates are （37） degrees，as opposed to a degree based on research. Medical students， for example， receive an M. D.，from the Latin“medicine doctor”. Future (38） receive a J. D.，for“juris”or“jurum”doctor，meaning a doctor of law or laws. Someone with a PhD is a “doctor of philosophy”. Many people earn a PhD， yet not many are philosophers. The name has （39） since the Middle Ages when many areas of study were called philosophy. Students can receive a PhD in （40），social work， education，music， history and a lot of other areas. （41） can differ from one university to another， and from one area of study to another. But the National Science Foundation says American doctoral education is （42） around a research experience. A PhD usually requires at least three years of （43）study after a bachelor’s degree. Usually，PhD candidates must have a master’s degree before they sit for special examinations. They have to carry out original research and （44） .（45） . More than forty three thousand students received a research doctorate in 2005. （46）. Most of them studied engineering，physical science or life science.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）
Section A
Directions： In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
The 47 between human and dog dates back at least 8，000 years. Different types of dogs were 48 for different tasks： the Assyrians， for example，49 greyhounds to chase wild asses； in medieval manuscripts illustrations of hunting scenes show terriers 50 rabbits. Recent research shows that dogs 51 another useful function：they keep us healthy. People who have any sort of cuddly pet are more likely to 52 heart attacks （blood pressure rises when we talk to one another whereas it drops when we pat a pet）. Dog owners in particular show considerably 53 self-esteem and a 50% reduction in minor health problems only ten months after acquiring their pet. In the UK，thousands of people visit the annual dog show，“Crufts”，held in London. This show receives wide national and international media 54. Fierce discussions rage when dog liberty is threatened. There is no dog license in the UK； it was 55 several years ago. A recent law，the Dangerous Dogs Act，requires owners of especially vicious dogs， such as Pit Bull Terriers，to 56 their dogs with the authorities and muzzle them when taking them outside. There was a great outcry from the public when this law was introduced.
注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A）abolished B）developed C）facilitated D）register E）reporting
F）relationship G） coverage H） approved I） improved J） perform K） achieve L） pursuing M）
abandoned N） survive O） trained
Section B
Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband，Pierre， she discovered radium， an element widely used for treating cancer， and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie’s amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom. Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw，Poland，where her father was a professor of physics. At the early age， she displayed a brilliant mind and a cheerful personality. Her great enthusiasm for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became discontented， however，when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to receive a higher education， she rebelliously left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne， a French university，where she earned her master’s degree and doctorate in physics. Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day， one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium，Pierre was killed by a horse drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress. Curie’s feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium， she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences，she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. The research conducted by Marie and Pierre is significant because .
A） they discovered the secrets of the atom
B） they proved the study of the atom was of vital importance
C） they discovered radium， uranium and other radioactive matters
D） they paved the way for future studies on radioactive substances
58. The word “amicable” （Line 3， Para. 1） is closest in meaning to .
A） friendly B） competitive C） courteous D） industrious
59. Marie left Poland and went to study at the Sorbonne because .
A） she wanted to continue her studies abroad after high school
B） she could not find a university willing to accept her in Poland
C） she had dreamed of continuing her education in France
D） she wanted to show her displeasure against the government
60. Which of the following is NOT true of Marie Curie？
A） She won the Nobel Prize for isolating radium in collaboration with her husband.
B） She was the first woman to be given professorship by the Sorbonne university.
C） Her husband died soon after they discovered the radioactive element of radium.
D） She met Pierre Curie when she studied at the Sorbonne university.
61. How must she have felt when she had to raise her two young daughters？
A） She was helpless facing the situation. B）She was annoyed by the situation.
C） She was depressed by the situation. D）She was worried about her a lot.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
China’s terracotta army，a mysterious collection of 8,000 life size figures of warriors and horses found “ready for battle” in a 2017 years old tomb， was painted in many colors， most distinctively bright purple. The army stands in the tomb of Shi Huang Di，also called Qin Shihuang，the first emperor of the Qin dynasty. New research on the purple paint suggests it was due to Taoist experiments in creating fake jade，which was thought to bestow immortality. The discovery explains why the otherwise fierce army sports a springtime shade. It also suggests a religious link with the army and reveals how inventive China’s early chemists were，even when they goofed.“Most jade is either green or milk white，” Zhi Liu，one of the researchers told Discovery News. “I don’t think Taoist alchemists wanted to create a purple jade initially.”A team of Chinese and American researchers，with the help of many institutions，including the tomb museum that houses the army and the U.S. Department of Energy took a purple paint sample from a kneeling archer figure in the army. They used X-ray diffraction （衍射） analysis， fluorescence， microanalysis and other techniques to determine the chemical composition of the paint and how it was made. The researchers believe the ancient alchemists were making Chinese glass out of barium， lead and quartz to imitate jade. This mixture created a sparkling，white substance. Liu and his colleagues think the ancients then added the copper mineral malachite，which is bright green，in hopes of producing a more realistic jade.“But it created purple/blue pigments instead，” Liu said，adding that if the purple mixture is heated at temperatures over 2012 degrees Fahrenheit，“it turns into Chinese Blue.”Sin ce the purple and blue colors on the terracotta army probably came from Taoist monks，it is possible the monks were involved in the production，or at least the painting of the figures.
注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62. Why do the researchers link the purple paint of the terracotta soldiers to Taoism？
A） The terracotta figures were so painted by Taoist monks.
B） The color of purple paint was thought to bestow immortality.
C） Taoists monks might have tried to paint the color of jade.
D） The creativity exemplified by the figures is typical of Taoist monks.
63. The word “goofed” （Line 4， Para. 2） probably means .
A）to display one’s creativity B） to make a preventable mistake
C）to hold fast to one’s belief D）to slow one’s work
64. What is the goal set for the team of Chinese and American researchers？
A） To find out why the terracotta soldiers were painted purple.
B） To explain why the terracotta soldiers were not initially painted purple.
C） To investigate the influence of Taoism in the Qin dynasty.
D） To study the chemical composition of the paint applied to the figures.
65. What is the conclusion drawn by the researchers？
A） Ancient Chinese alchemists were able to produce glass.
B） Early Chinese Taoists were fascinated with jade.
C） Ancient Chinese alchemists did not intend to reproduce bright purple.
D） Ancient Chinese alchemists should not have added the purple mixture.
66. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
A） Chinese blue is a color bordering on the purple and blue colors.
B） Taoist monks were confirmed in the painting of the terracotta soldiers.
C） Barium, lead and quartz were used in the making of the paint.
D） The researchers used various methods including microanalysis.
Part Ⅴ Cloze （15 minutes）
Directions： There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D） on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Some of the most beautiful caves are 67 in glaciers. Streams of melting ice and snow tunnel 68 the glaciers the same 69 that water from a faucet melts its way through an ice cube. Water from the surface drips down through cracks，hollowing out the tunnels and 70 the caves with crystal icicles（冰柱）. The smooth walls and floors are 71 glasslike that pebbles frozen six feet deep can easily be seen. Crystal clear icicles draping from the ceilings flash blue green，as though they were carved from precious jewels 72 ice. 73 most of the cave ice in the United States is 74 in lava caves，there are a number of limestone ice caves as well. Some people believe that this ice was formed thousands of years ago，75 temperatures were much colder than they are today. Others think that the cave ice 76 from the ancient glaciers 77 they spread over the country. Today many cave scientists have another 78. They believe that cold water sinks down through cracks into these caves 79 the temperature is chilly 80 to freeze the water that seeps in. The ice that forms keeps the cave cool，and that helps 81 still more ice. Many caves become 82 with so much ice that no one knows just 83 thick it is. 84 some，such as Crystal Falls Cave in Idaho，there are frozen rivers and 85 frozen water falls. Native Americans and early settlers used to 86 food in these underground refrigerators and chip our blocks of ice to melt for drinking water
67 A）found
B）formed
C）established
D）appeared
68 A）through
B）within
C）under
D）inside
69 A）method
B）process
C）means
D）way
70 A）decorating
C）decorated
D）being decorated 71 A）such
B）so
C）therefore
D）then
72
A）or
B）than
C）instead of
D）instead
73
A）When
B）As
C）Although
D）For
74
A）found
B）existed
C）hidden
D）explored
75
A）as
B）when
C）for
D）so
76
A）broke away
B）broke down
C）broke forth
D）broke off
77
A）and
B）as
C）since
D）like
78 A）idea
B）plan
C）assignment
D）job
79
A）before
B）till
D）after
80
A）sufficient
B）adequate
C）plentiful
D）enough.
81 A）build upon
B）build up
C）build in
D）build out
82
A）covered
B）cover
C）covering
D）to cover
83
A）as
B）if
C）however
D）how
84 A）About
B）For
C）In
D）With
85 A）more
B）less
C）even
D）still
86 A）storing
B）store
C）stored
D）storage
Part Ⅵ Translation （5 minutes）
Directions： Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets into English. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。
87. As a public relations officer，he is said（认识了一些很有影响的人）.
88.（正如大家所预料的那样），the response to the request has been enthusiastic.
89. Your application will be granted provided (符合以下条件）.
90. （只有他们完成了所有的课程） shall the students receive relevant diplomas or certificates.
91. The girl was closely watched by her parents，（以防她再次企图自杀）.
大学英语四级考试标准试卷答案与解析
Model Test Seven
Part Ⅰ Writing The Importance of Traditional Festivals
Nowadays, more and more young people attach great importance to some western festivals. A lot young people celebrate Valentine’s Day or Christmas Day, but they show little interest in Chinese traditional festivals. In my opinion, we should pay more attention to our traditional festivals, such as the Middle Autumn Day, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Spring Festival. We have to remember that these festivals are part of the Chinese culture, without which we can not identify ourselves as Chinese, the proud descendants of Emperor Yandi and Emperor Huangdi. Otherwise, we may forget our cultural roots and get lost as our country is quickly modernized. All in all, we should focus on our traditional festivals. More importantly, we should make sure that our traditions and cultures will always be carried forward.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）
［文章大意］文章开头给我们提出了“梦境到底是怎么回事”这样一个疑问，然后分别指出梦境一方面是生理上的刺激，另一方面是心理上的必需品。并且分析了人们做梦和大脑之间的一些联系以及人们对梦境回忆的相关情况。
1. Y
题干说明一些研究者相信梦是生理刺激，为了练习各种各样的神经联系。作者提到关于梦的理论可以分成两种范围，其中一类就是生理刺激，并且生理刺激理论是建立在人们做梦去练习各样精神联系的观念之上的。故题干是正确的。
2. N
题干说明心理理论主张梦是可预言的，能预示我们将来可能发生的事情。文中作者解释心理理论也是建立在一种观念上的。这个观念就是梦允许我们去挑选白天发生的并要求我们注意的问题和事件。
3. Y
题干说明弗洛伊德相信梦可以解释为被压制的渴望，而这些渴望以无意识地状态进行行为活动。文中第三段作者解释了弗洛伊德关于梦的理论，此理论是建立在被压制的渴望观念上的。
4. Y
Allan Hobson 和Robert McCarley解释梦的发生就如记忆中存在的经验迹象在睡眠中被拉出来了。作者在文中第五段介绍了这两位研究人员发现了梦是这样产生的。
5. N
题干说明激活合成假设是最广泛被接受的解梦理论。文中第五段作者讲述激活合成假设是更主要的关于梦的理论之一。
6. NG
题干说明根据记忆丢失理论，受过脑部损伤的人将会导致没有REM睡眠。作者在讲述REM睡眠时并没有提到这一点。故答案为NG。
7. N
题干说明在五个睡眠阶段中，第二个阶段是非常轻微容易醒来的阶段。但是作者在文章中第六段提到第一阶段睡眠才是非常轻微容易醒来的阶段。
8. our waking selves
题干提问Carl Jung相信梦给我们提供了一个机会去思考什么并且解决问题。文中第四段作者提到Carl
Jung的观点是梦允许我们reflect on our waking selves。
9. the paralysis
因为REM睡眠是梦发生最多的睡眠阶段，所以瘫痪将是确保我们不会将梦付诸于行动的自然方式。文中第八段提到此点。
10. eye movements
题干提问Stephen LaBerge通过什么与做梦者交流获得了有限的成功。文中最后一段作者提到Stephen是站在明晰梦研究最前沿的人，他通过eye movements成功获得了与做梦者的交流，当然这种交流是很有限的。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
11. A12. D13. B14. B15. D
16. A17. B18. A19. A20. B
21. C22. D23. D24. A25. D
26. C27. A28. C29. C30. A
31. D32. B33. C34. A35. D
36. highest
37. professional
38. lawyers
39. survived
40. engineering
41. Requirements
42. organized
43. full time
44. present their findings by writing a long paper that they have to defend before a group of experts
45. Every year, the federal government collects information on research doctorates awarded in the United States
46. Close to one third of those doctorates went to foreign students in the United States on a temporary visa
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）
Section A
47. F：relationship
此句表示人和狗之间的关系，relationship“关系，联系”。
48. B：developed
分析句子的语法结构，应该考虑填入过去分词表示被动语态。根据句意：不同的狗是根据不同的任务被驯养的，develop“发展，生长，发育”。
49. O：trained
这里少个谓语，train“训练，培养”。
50. L：pursuing
空格前是完整的语法结构，故应考虑现在分词作伴随状语。根据句意：中世纪的有关狩猎的插图中表现了狗追逐兔子的场景，pursue“追赶，追逐”。
51. J：perform
从句中少个谓语，根据句意：最近的研究表明，狗可以起到另外一种作用。perform“履行，执行”。52. N：survive
be likely to do sth. 判断这里应该填个动词原形，此处的意思为：养宠物狗的人很可能幸免于心脏病。survive“幸免于，幸存，生还”。
53. I：improved
这里少个形容词，此处意为：狗的主人们在自尊方面显著提高，improve“改善，提高”。
54. G：coverage
这里应该填个名词，media coverage表示新闻覆盖面。
55. A：abolished
此处是被动语态，应该填个过去分词，此句意为：英国没有养狗执照了，在几年前就被废除了，abolish“废止，废除”。
56. D：register
动词不定式to提示这里应该填个动词原形，根据句意：要求给狗注册并且在带它们外出时戴上口套，register“登记，注册”。
Section B
Passage One
［文章大意］本文介绍了居里夫人的生平。玛丽·居里是历史上最有成就的科学家之一，她与丈夫皮埃尔合作发现了镭。她曾获得巴黎大学索邦神学院的物理学硕士和博士学位，并且是在世界知名大学获得教授之职的第一位女性。1911年她因为分离镭而获得了诺贝尔化学奖。
57. D题干提问Marie 和Pierre研究非常伟大是因为什么。文中第一段提到他们一起发现了镭，并且他们的合作帮助解决后来的镭的秘密，故选答案D。
58. A词汇题。从文章可以了解到居里夫人和丈夫都是物理学家，他们共同从事科研，由此可以推断他们之间的关系应是“友好的”。amicable “友善的、和平的”。
59. B题干提问Marie离开波兰去索邦神学院学习是因为什么。文中第二段第四行，她知道Warsaw的大学不接受女性，但是她决定要接受更高的教育，所以她离开了波兰去了索邦神学院。
60. A题干提问下列哪个不符合Marie Curie的真实情况。对应文章第三段和第四段。从文章第四段第三句“In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for isolating radium.”可知，当时居里夫人的丈夫已死。选项A与题意不符，为正确答案。
61. C题干提问当她必须抚养两个年幼的女儿时，她感觉是怎样。文中第三段末句，the fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress, 故答案C比较合适。Passage Two
［文章大意］文章简要介绍了为什么中国兵马俑颜色呈紫色。文中提到在具有2017年历史的坟墓里发现了8000个真人尺寸的兵马俑，这些兵马俑的颜色呈现出明亮的紫色。中美研究者通过采样对这种颜色做了化学成分的分析，并提出由于古人原先为了制造出更加逼真的翡翠绿色，在其成分中加入了铜矿物质，结果却变成了紫色。
62. C题干提问为什么研究人员把兵马俑上的紫色涂料与道教联系起来。文中第二段首句，对紫色涂料的新研究认为这归因于制造假翡翠色的道教实验，故选答案C。
63. B词汇题。goof意为“犯愚蠢的错误、失误”。对应文章第一、二段，科研人员认为兵马俑的上色由道士们完成，这些道士原本想涂上fake jade，但结果却是bright purple。故可判断，goof意为“出了差错、失误”。
64. D题干提问中美研究队伍的设定目标是什么。文章第四段中，中美研究队伍用X光衍射分析、微量分析等其他技术来判断涂料中的化学成分，故选答案D。
65. C题干提问研究人员们得出的结论是什么。对应文章第六段首句，“相反这变成了紫/蓝色”，由此可见古代中国炼金术士本没打算制造出紫色。
66. B题干提问下列哪个选项与文章内容不符。文章末句作者讲到有可能那些修道士参与到了生产，或者至少是涂漆的过程，但并未证实道士们确实参与了兵马俑的上色工作。由此可见答案B与此不符。
Part Ⅴ Cloze
67. B动词辨析。本句句意为：一些最漂亮的洞穴是在冰河时代形成的。find发现；form?????? 形成、构成；establish建立、设立；appear出现。
68. A介词辨析。本句句意为：融化的冰和雪的溪流穿过冰河与龙头出来的水穿过冰格融化情形是一样的。这里需要一个介词连接表示“穿过、通过冰河（through）”。
69. D名词辨析。句意同68题，空格后为that引导的定语从句，修饰空格内所填名词，从下文its way through 可推断，空格内所填名词应是way。
70. A词形辨析。句意为：水从表面滴下来穿过裂缝，挖出地下通道并且以结晶状的垂冰装饰洞穴。所选单词显然应与前面的hollowing out并列，作谓语动词drips down的伴随状语。
71. B固定搭配。so...that...,表示如此……以至于……。
72. C词义辨析。句意是：透明似水晶的冰柱在天花板透亮清绿色的覆盖下，仿佛它们是由珍贵的宝石而不是冰雕刻成的。这里需要连接词表示“而不是、代替（instead of）”。
73. C连接词辨析。这里需要一个连接词引导让步状语从句。虽然美国大部分的洞穴冰是在熔岩洞穴中发现的，这儿也有一定数量的石灰石冰洞穴。
74. A动词辨析。句意同73题，需要一个谓语动词过去式。found发现；existed生存；hidden隐藏；explored 探测。
75. B连接词辨析。这里需要一个连接词引导时间状语从句。一些人认为这冰数千年前就形成了，当时温度要比当今冷得多。
76. D固定搭配。句意为：一些人认为这种窑洞冰是由远古冰河在全国伸展蔓延时脱落而形成的。break away 突然离开、脱离；break down??? 压倒、毁掉；break forth喷发、突发；break off脱落、折断。
77. B连接词辨析。句意同76题，此处需要一个连接词表示“当作、当……之时”。
78. A名词辨析。从后一句中的“they believe...”，可见本句句意为：现在许多研究窑洞的科学家有了另一种想法。idea想法、念头；plan计划；assignment任务；job工作。
79. C介词辨析。句意为：他们相信冷水通过裂缝渗透到这些岩洞里，直到温度足够冷到使这些水结冰。介词until“到……为止”。
80. D形容词辨析。句意同79题，这里需要表示“足够的”副词来修饰chilly，其他都是形容词，故选enough。
81. B动词词组辨析。句意为：结成的冰让岩洞保持寒冷，并且帮助增加结更多的冰。build upon? 指望、依赖；build up增进、增大；build in安装、固定；build out扩建、增建。
82. A词形辨析。be/become covered with...意为“被……覆盖”。
83. D连接词辨析。这里需要一个连接词how引导形容词表示程度。许多岩洞被如此多的冰覆盖着，以至于没有人知道它有多厚。
84. C介词辨析。这里in some表示在其中、一部分。
85. C副词辨析。这里需要一个副词修饰frozen water falls，用来强调语气。
86. B词形辨析。这里是动词不定式，用动词原形，used to do过去常常做……。
Part Ⅵ Translation
87. to know some very influential people
88. As might be expected by everyone
89. that the following conditions are met
90. Only when they pass all the courses
91. lest she should attempt to kill herself again
Tape Script of Listening Comprehension
Model Test Seven
Section A
11. W：I’m thinking of having more time to look for a good job next semester, so perhaps I should take five courses this semester.
M：Wouldn’t four be wiser? Unless you’re absolutely sure of yourself.
Q： What does the man imply about the courses?
12. M： So you are not joining us on the trip to the theme park today? What are you working on so diligently?
W：An editorial for the newspaper. If I miss the midnight deadline, it won’t be printed until next week.
Q： What is the woman trying to do?
13. M： Have you seen the author s latest bestseller? I hear it s quite an interesting book. W：I’ve just finished it, I really recommend it.
Q： What does the man and woman discussing?
14. W： So you have completed the experiment. You di dn’t have too much trouble doing that, did you?
M：It only took me most of the day. It really isn’t much different from the one I did last time. Q： What does the man and woman discussing?
15. W： Where can I find a map of the university campus? I did not expect I would get lost here. M： Have you tried the information centre?
Q： What does the man imply about the information office?
16. M： Could I hand in my paper a few days later? I think I still need to do more research on the subject.
W：I’m afraid that’s o ut of the question.
Q： What does the woman mean?
17. M：We’ve sure been having a lot of rain lately, this might cause more oxygen in the water. W：Haven’t we ever?
Q：What do we learn form the woman’s response?
18. M：I can’t believe your room is such a mess. Why don’t spend some time trying to make it clean and tidy?
W：Have you been to our room? That’s Joan’s room.
Q： What does the woman mean?
Conversation One
W： Wonderful! I spent most of my time at the art museum. I especially liked the new wing. I was amazed to hear the guide explain the problems they had building it.
M： Right. I just read an article that went on and on about the cost—90 million total I think. W： Yeah. The guide mentioned that. You could see they spared no expense.
M： It looked really unusual, at least from what I saw in the picture.
W： It is. The basic design is two triangles. In fact there are triangles all over. The paving stones in the courtyard, the skylights and even a lot of the sculptures.
M：One sculpture is a mobile. It’s in the courtyard and it’s made of pieces of aluminum that moves slowly in the air. It’s really impressive.
W： That was in the article too. It was said that the original was steel and it weighed so much that it wasn’t safe to hand.
M： Right. They did it over in aluminum so it wouldn’t come crashing down on someone’s head.
W： You know the article went into that in detail. There was even an interview with the sculptor. M：I’d like to read that. Would you mind if I borrow the magazine sometime?
W：No. I wouldn’t mind if I haven’t thrown it out yet.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What did the woman think of the new wing of the museum?
20. How had the man learned about the museum?
21. According to the woman, what do the paving stones, skylights and mobile have in common?
22. What was the problem with the original mobile?
Conversation Two
W： David, can I give you a hand with one of those grocery bags?
M：Sure, thank you so much. Could you take this one please? I didn’t realize h ow heavy these bags would be.
W： Why did you buy so much stuff when you have to walk back home from the store?
M：Well, I didn’t intend to buy a lot. But I’m having some people over and I guess I needed more than I expected.
W：What’s the occasion?
M： Now the people I live with, the Kremers, have been on vacation for a month and I thought I d surprise them. I’m inviting some of their friends and families for a welcome home dinner. W：Oh, that’s really thoughtful of you.
M：I figure it’s the least I can do for them. They’ve been letting me stay with them rent-free while I’m in school.
W：Really? That’s pretty generous of them.
M：Well, they understand how difficult it is to make ends meet when you’re a student. They’ve been such a big help to me. I thought that this might be a small way to thank them for the generosity. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. What is David trying to do?
24. Why did David buy so much stuff when he had to walk home?
25. Why is David appreciative of the Kremers?
Section B
Passage One
Have you ever had travel problems because your airplane was late? It is a common problem and it is getting worse. Airport delays make people angry and cost the country billions in lost work time. The Federal Aviation Administration or FAA is the government agency that oversees air travel. They studied the problem of airline delays. They found eleven major problems and proposed eleven ways to fix them. Some of the problems are caused because different regions of the country do things differently. Also, more planes are flying. A strong economy has more people using airplanes to get around. Airplanes are a form of mass transportation now, like trains and buses were in the past. More planes in the airport cause delays. Weather is another main reason for delays. Weather causes about 70% of delays. Fog or freezing rain can cause delays. The first thing the FAA wants to do is take control away from the regions during heavy traffic times and bad weather.
A national center would make decisions on things that affect the whole country. The FAA also wants to put more distance between planes in the sky when the weather is bad. This rule could cause even more delays. The FAA knows that their solutions will not cure the problems with airport delays. But, they hope to make things better. There are just too many planes, too few traffic controllers,
and not enough new technology.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What is the problem studied by FAA?
27. What is the main cause of airline delays according to the study?
28. Why is it likely that the FAA will create more delays?
Passage Two
On March 26, 2000, the Kingdome in Seattle was destroyed. It was taken down to make room for a new stadium. The blast from the falling Kingdome caused the Earth to shake as if an earthquake had happened. Scientists placed more than 200 seismic recorders in the earth to measure the movement. They found which parts of the city shook the most. This information helped them predict which parts of the city would be damaged in a real earthquake. On February 28, 2001, the real thing happened. The earthquake was 6.8 on the Richter scale. It damaged the same parts of Seattle that scientists had predicted from the Kingdome blast. It was a slab quake. It started deep in the earth, 37 miles below the surface on the Juan de Fuca plate. Scientists have learned that deep earthquakes have very few aftershocks. The earthquake had only four. Another earthquake in California that was close to the surface had over 120 aftershocks. Scientists do not know why the deep earthquakes have fewer aftershocks. Scientists plan to set off explosives in the ground near Seattle aimed at the slab. The shockwaves from the blast will bounce off the slab and give them an idea of where the plate is and how it is moving. This will give them more information in case another real earthquake hits the area.
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. How was the Kingdome in Seattle destroyed?
30. Why did scientists measure the collapse of the Kingdome?
31. What is most puzzling to scientists about the earthquake?
32. What are scientists planning to do according to the passage?
Passage Three
People have always looked to the sky and wondered about what they saw. As centuries of discoveries flew by, it became obvious that humans would not be content to just gaze at the solar system. We wanted to blast off into it as well. Once again, technology allowed us to accomplish our goal. On October 4, 1957, a Soviet rocket sent the first man-made satellite into space. It was called Sputnik, the Russian word for “traveler”. Even though Sputnik was nothing more than a small aluminum ball with a radio inside, it started a whole new era of space exploration. In May 1961 President John F. Kennedy challenged American scientists to land a person on the moon before the end of the 1960s. In the quest to do this, scientists faced many obstacles. For example, to get a spaceship all the way to the moon and back would demand a rocket engine powerful enough to make the trip. Scientists realized that it would be difficult for one heavy rocket loaded with fuel to reach the moon. Instead, they decide to use a multistage rocket. When the fuel in one stage of a multistage rocket is used up, that stage falls away. This makes the rocket lighter, and the engine of the next stage can ignite and thrust the rocket even faster and higher. As you know, Americans successfully landed on the moon in July 1969. Since then our knowledge of the solar system has increased dramatically.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. Which of the following is NOT true of the first manned space flight?
34. What is key to building a spacecraft bound for the Moon?
35. How could the scientists have made the trip to the Moon a success?
Section C
The （36） highest degree that a student can earn is a doctorate. Some doctorates are （37）professional degrees, as opposed to a degree based on research. Medical students, for example, receive an M.D., from the Latin “medicinae doctor”. Future （38） lawyers receive a J.D., for “juris” or “jurum” doctor, meaning a doctor of law or laws. Someone with a PhD is a “doctor of philosophy”. Many people earn a PhD, yet not many are philosophers. The name has（39） survived since the Middle Ages when many areas of study were called philosophy. Students can receive a PhD in （40） engineering, social work, education, music, history and a lot of other areas. （41）Requirements can differ from one university to another, and from one area of study to another. But the National Science Foundation says American doctoral education is （42） organized around a research experience. A PhD usually requires at least three years of （43） full-time study after a bachelor’s degree. Usually, PhD candidates must have a master’s degree before they sit for special examinations. They have to carry out original research and （44） present their findings by writing a long paper that they have to defend before a group of experts.（45） Every year, the federal government collects information on research doctorates awarded in the United States. More than forty-three thousand students received a research doctorate in 2005. （46） Close to one-third of those doctorates went to foreign students in the United States on a temporary visa. Most of them studied engineering, physical science or life science.
大学英语四级考试新题型样卷答案 Part I Writing A Campaign Speech Good evening，ladies and gentlemen, Thank you for coming to this election campaign today. With the trust and complete support of my team, I am delighted to announce that I am running for chairman of the Student Union. As a diligent man with pleasant personality, I have been always considered to be a good team member. Meanwhile, as a big fan of sports I fully realize the importance of teamwork and advocate the spirit of being quicker and stronger. I possess strong determination to take firm steps toward achieving the objectives of my team. In addition, my working experience with the Student Union in the past two years will be extremely helpful to my future work here if I get elected. A sign of a really strong organization is that it can change its leadership without hindering its progress and without damaging its values. If I am elected, I believe I have the capability to lead the Union to advance in the right direction. I will cooperate well with my fellow members of the Union and take innovative measures, including establishing a student-information center, forming a teacher-student-friendship association, to make the Union a true assistance t o students’study and life here as well as a bridge of communication between teachers and students. Thank you very much! Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 1.Y 2.Y 3.N 4.N 5.Y 6.N 7.NG 8. municipalities and construction companies 9. $10 to $40 10. drop-off stations Part III Listening Comprehension Section A 11-15 DBACB 16-20 CDCDB 21-25 BCAAD Section B
英语四级推荐用书（精华版） 一、英语基础薄弱考生适用资料 （一）词汇：《星火·图解速记》 推荐理由：轻薄便携，记忆量小。不仅是这本词汇书，其他轻薄浓缩的词汇书同样适合英语基础薄弱的同学。用最快的速度过一遍单词，然后赶快过真题吧，搞定真题文章中的生词，你的词汇量一定能快速提升！ （二）真题：巨微英语《四级真题·逐句精解》 推荐理由：第一本“专为基础薄弱考生恶补基础”的英语四级真题。逐句注释文章词汇，还对词汇的常见考点（相关搭配，熟词辟义）做了归纳；为了帮大家攻克语法，逐句讲解文章，剖析句子结构，还用了结构图的形式，力求详尽透彻。只要这一本真题，完美替代词汇书语法书！ （三）各题型专项：历年真题+真题详解 推荐理由：英语基础薄弱的考生，只需要针对性的、全面的研读真题即可。可以在某段时间，只针对一种题型进行专训，既可以快速掌握解题思路和解题技巧，又可以获悉英语四级的命题趋势和命题特点，可谓一举两得。 （四）课外阅读：英文原版《小王子》，《爱丽丝梦游仙境》 推荐理由：对于英语基础薄弱的同学来说，带着趣味性学英语是再好不过的，这两本英文原版书都是入门级的，比外刊文章简单的多，
没有过多的难词。课余时间阅读这些书，不仅能学到生词，学到好的句子，也能培养学英语的兴趣。 二、英语基础的较好考生适用资料 （一）词汇：新东方《四级词汇·词根+联想记忆法》 推荐理由：对于英语基础较好的同学来说，词汇量应该也是比较好的。那么在备考四级的过程中，你要做的就是将这本全面的词汇书通读一遍，标记处少数还未掌握的词汇，然后对这些词汇重点记忆。 （二）真题：《大学英语四级真题·汇编王》 推荐理由：如果英语基础已经足够扎实了，最好的备考方法就是大量刷题了。这本真题包含今年的18套真题，是目前最全的真题了。此外，只要十几块钱，这么美丽的价格，多刷几遍也不心疼啊。 （三）各题型专项：华研系列 推荐理由：华研的真题不够尽善尽美，但是各题型专训做的很不错。至于为什么说适用于英语基础较好的同学呢？因为这个系列有一个特点，解析比较简略，解析包含了许多专业术语。英语基础较好的同学使用起来毫无压力，但是英语基础不够好的同学可能用起来会比较吃力。 （四）课外阅读：各类外刊杂志《时代周刊》《卫报》等 推荐理由：英语四级的考题的题源就是这些外刊，并且是近五年
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures. B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C) They are only about half an inch thick. D) They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research. B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species. 6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks. B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance. C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.
阅读答案 Section A 选词填空(卷1) 26. E constructed 27. O undertaken 28. F consulted 29. M range 30. N scale 31. I eventually 32. K necessarily 33. L production 34. A cheaper 35. J height Section B 段落信息匹配卷1 36—K 37—D 38—M 39—G 40—B 41—L 42—H 43—F 44—J 45—C Section C 仔细阅读 Passage one 46. A. Seneca's thinking is still applicable today 问题：What are researchers rediscovering through their studies 解析：问题题干中的“researchers”和“today”是解题的关键，对应到文中第一段的“Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date”。选项中“Seneca’s thinking “ 对应到“this ancient wisdom” ，而“still applicable”对应到“bring…up-to-date”,故答案为A。 47.B. It is a teaching tool under development 问题：What do we learn about “Betty’s Brain”？ 解析：根据“Betty’s Brian”定位，定位到第三段，而该段的段首便强调“ But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teaching agent” “ ,意味着整段文字要叙述的主要是和“ tool “有关的信息，且选项中的”under development”和原文信息重合，故答案为B。 48 C. It helps them learn their academic subjects better.
大学英语四级考试专家预测试卷 Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 130 minutes Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled To Curb Spending? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 现在许多大学生花钱大手大脚; 2. 有人认为社会整体生活水平提高了，大学生花钱多一些无可厚非; 3. 你的看法。 Part II Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. 1. A) The author isn’t an expert in economy. B) She has a better theory about the economy. C) She isn’t sure that the author’s idea would work. D) The author spends too much time arguing about details. 2. A) 7:45. B) 7:15. C) 7:30. D) 8:00.
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. 【参考范文】 On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success. The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers’feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying “what a wonderful practice and I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need.” All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students involved. 【参考范文译文】 6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。 此次志愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。许多学生主动加入到此次善举当中，帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷，竭尽所能提供帮助。问及参与此次活动的感想时，他们毫无例外地回道“真是太有意义了，很感谢这次经历，它让我懂得要去更加关爱那些有困难的人” 总而言之，此次活动取得了巨大成功，不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多，对于参与的学生来说也是意义良多。 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life. In a27to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. “Michigan’s29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30our leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. R ead the passage t hrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague?D elivered a 26to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the 28when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news one that’s best --- 29business communication consultants and etiquette for the recipient? We’ve (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver? “My 34concern is: How can I soften or civilize this says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually message?” choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a
2017年12月英语四级真题 Part I Writing(25 minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between parents and children.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A)Her friend Erika.C)Her grandfather. B)Her little brother.D)Her grandmother. 2.A)By taking pictures for passers-by.C)By selling lemonade and pictures. B)By working part time at a hospital.D)By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.A)Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B)Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C)Providing clean energy to five million people. D)Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4.A)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B)They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C)They are only about half an inch thick.
大学英语四级考试真题 第三套 Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】
2018年6月四级考试真题（第三套） PartⅠ Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension 说明：2018年6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem
历年来英语四级考试格式 考试答题的顺序 1.作文分数106.5分 2.快速阅读71分 3.听力部分248.5分 4.是一篇篇章词汇理解和两篇传统的阅读理解，177.5分 5.是完形填空（极大可能考这个）71分 6.翻译，汉译英并且需译部分只是一般的短句翻译。35.5分 CET-4考试内容 一、试卷构成和成绩报道 就所测试的语言能力而言，试点阶段的四级考试由以下四个部分构成：1）听力理解；2）阅读理解；3）完型填空或改错；4）写作和翻译。 听力理解部分分值比例为35%；其中听力对话15%，听力短文20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解；听力短文部分包括选择题型的短文理解和复合式听写。 阅读理解部分分值比例为35%；其中仔细阅读部分（Reading in Depth）25%，快速阅读部分（Skimming and Scanning）10%。仔细阅读部分分为：a）选择题型的篇章阅读理解；b）篇章层次的词汇理解（Banked Cloze）或短句问答（Short Answer Questions）。快速阅读理解部分测试的是浏览阅读和查读能力。 完型填空或改错部分分值比例为10%。完型填空部分采用多项选择题型，改错部分的要求是辨认错误并改正。
写作和翻译部分分值比例为20%；其中写作部分（Writing）15%，翻译部分（Translation）5%。写作的体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等；翻译部分测试的是句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力。 具体比例搭配如下： 作文15%（有14分、12分、8分、6分、2分和0分四个档次，用时30分钟） 快速阅读10%(7个判断题每个1%，3个填空题也是1%，单词拼写错误不给分，用时15分钟) 听力35%（短对话8个，每个1%，长对话8个，每个1%，短文10个，每个1%，填词7个，每个0.5%，3个句子分别为2%，2%，2.5%。用时35分钟） 篇章阅读20%+词汇阅读5%（传统阅读10个，一个2%，选词阅读10%，一个0.5%。用时25分钟） 完型填空10%（20个小题，一题0.5%。用时15分钟） 翻译5%（一题1%。用时5分钟） 快速阅读的答题方式不一定 写作：30分钟， 107分（15%） 快速阅读 15分钟，70分（10%）
大学英语四级考试真题及答案 Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…… 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…… Creating a Green Campus Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid. But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,”says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,”says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Repor t’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,”Inzer says, but “to be
大学英语四级改革阅读理解新题型——匹配题 练习1 Caring for elderly parents catches many unprepared [A ] Last July, Julie Baldocchi，s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn"t prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn’t handle her mother’s care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn’t willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents’ home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldn’t do it all,” she says. “But I didn’t even know how to find help.” [B] With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you’re never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother’s stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared. [C] While many parents lack an advance care directive, it’s the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another’s behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “It’s invaluable for the kids, because it’s hard to make those decisions for a parent,”says Jennifer Cona, an elder- law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent’s legal guardian, says https://www.doczj.com/doc/7f5955008.html,. [D] It’s important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents，preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it’s not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children’s financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H.