2017年英语专业四级考试真题试卷（含听力和原文）
第一部分：真题试卷
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2017)
-GRADE FOUR-
TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART ⅠDICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third reading, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.
Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
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PART ⅡLISTENING COMPERHESION [20 MIN] SECTION A TALK
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have thirty seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.
SECTION B CONVERSATINS
In this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D], and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have thirty seconds to preview the choices.
Now, listen to the conversations.
Conversation One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.
1.[A] It has wiped the data from the flash drive. [B] It can’t read data from the flash drive.
[C]The files stored in it have got lost. [D] The files in it can’t be opened.
2.[A] Get a total refund. [B] Get a partial refund.
[C]Get a new computer. [D] Get a new hard disk.
3.[A] Indifferent. [B] Surprised.
[C]Anxious. [D] Dissatisfied.
4.[A] By 8:30 tomorrow morning. [B] After 8:30 tomorrow morning.
[C]At 8:30 this evening. [D] Anytime tomorrow.
5. [A] 6574-3205. [B] 6547-2305.
[C] 6457-2035. [D] 6475-3025.
Conversation Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.
6.[A] Hold a party at home. [B] Introduce ourselves first.
[C] Avoid meeting them. [D] Wait for them to visit us.
7.[A] Do nothing about it. [B] Tell him to stop.
[C] Give him a reason to stop. [D] Call the police immediately.
8.[A] Try to be patient. [B] Try to be sympathetic.
[C] Don’t appear to be friendly. [D] Don’t answer their questions.
9.[A] No more than five minutes. [B] Five to ten minutes.
[C] About half an hour. [D] About an hour.
10.[A] Family Circle Magazine. [B] Morning radio programs.
[C] Betty’s website. [D] CBS news website.
PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked [A]. [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/756311892.html,bination of techniques authors use, all stories—from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels —have a plot.
[A]Regarding [B] Whatever [C] In so far as [D] No matter
12.She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door, the woman gave a quick knock before opening it.
[A]on which [B] but when [C] wherein [D] then
13.Ms Ennab is one of the first Palestinian with seven years’ racing experience.
[A]woman drivers [B] women driver [C] women drivers [D] woman driver
14.“I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense used in the sentence refers to a .
[A]past event for exact time reference [B] present event for tentativeness
[C] present event for uncertainty [D] past event for politeness
15.“If I were you, I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to .
[A]alleviate hostility [B] express unfavorable feelings
[C] indicate uncertainty [D] make a suggestion
16.“It’s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.” The modal auxiliary SHOULD expresses .
[A]obligation [B] disappointment
[C] future in the past [D] tentativeness
17.Timothy Ray Brown, the first man cured of HIV, initially opted against the stem cell transplant that history.
[A]could have later made [B] should have made later
[C] might make later [D] would later make
18.Some Martian rock structures look strikingly like structures on Earth that are known by microbes.
[A]having been created [B] being created
[C] to have been created [D] to be created
19.At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as I if I
alone.
[A]would have been...had been [B] should be...had been
[C] could be...were [D] might have been...were
20.You must fire incompetent assistant of yours.
[A]the [B] an [C] that [D] whichever
21.Some narratives seem more like plays, heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their to reveal themselves.
[A]charisma [B] characters [C] characteristics [D] characterizations
22.If you intend to melt the snow for drinking water, you can extra purity by running it through a coffee filter.
[A]assure [B] insure [C] reassure [D] ensure
23. The daisy-like flowers of chamomile have been used for centuries to anxiety and insomnia.
[A] decline [B] relieve [C] quench [D] suppress
24. Despite concern about the disappearance of the album in popular music, 2014 delivered a great crop of album .
[A] releases [B] appearances [C] publications [D] presentations
25. The party’s reduced vote in the general election was of lack of support for its policies.
[A] revealing [B] confirming [C] indicative [D] evident
26. He closed his eyes and held the two versions of La Mappa to his mind’s to analyze their differences.
[A] vision [B] eye [C] view [D]sight
27. Twelve pupils were killed and five injured after gunmen attacked the school during lunchtime.
[A] critically [B] enormously [C] greatly [D] hard
28. A 15-year-old girl has been arrested accusations of using Instagram to anonymously threaten her high school.
[A] over [B] with [C] on [D] for
29. It was reported that a 73-year-old man died on an Etihad flight to Germany from Abu Dhabi.
[A] bounded [B] binded [C] boundary [D] bound
30. It’s the case in the region; a story always sounds clear enough at a distance, but the nearer you get to the scene of events the vaguer it becomes.
[A] invariably [B] immovably [C] unalterably [D] unchangeably
PART Ⅳ CLOZE [10 MIN]
Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
company’s web site and receive the first few DVD’s in the mail; when they mail each one back, the next one on the list is sent. The Netflix model has been exhaustively analyzed for its disruptive, new-economy(31) . What will it mean for video stores like Blockbuster? What will it mean for movie studios and theaters? What does it show about “long tail” businesses — ones that combine many markets into a (32) target audience? But one other major implication has (33) been mentioned: what this and similar Internet-based businesses mean for the United States Postal Service.
Every day, some two million Netflix envelopes come and go as first-class mail. They are joined by millions of other shipments from (34) pharmacies, eBay vendors, Amazon. com and other businesses that did not exist before the Internet.
The (35) of “snail mail” in the age of electronic communication has been predicted at least as o ften as the coming of the paperless office. But the consumption of paper keeps (36) . It has roughly doubled since 1980. On average, an American household receives twice as many pieces of mail a day as it did in the 1970’s.
The harmful side of the Internet’s impact is obvious but statistically less important than many would guess. People (37) write fewer letters when they can send e-mail messages. To (38) trough a box of old paper correspondence is to know what been (39) feel of handwritten and typed correspondence, the tangible (40) in this shift: the pretty stamps, the varying look and that was once in the sender’s hands.
PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSION [35MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
(1)When I was a young girl living in Ireland, I was always pleased when it rained, because that meant I could go treasure hunting. What’s the connection between a wet day and a search for buried treasure? Well, it’s quite simple. Ireland, as some of you may already know, is the home of Leprechauns —little men who possess magic powers and, perhaps more interestingly, pots of gold.
(2)Now, although Leprechauns are interesting characters, I have to admit that I was more interested in the stories of their treasure hoard. This, as all of Ireland knows, they hide at the end of the rainbow. Leprechauns can be fearsome folk but if you can discover the end of the rainbow, they have to unwillingly surrender their gold to you. So whenever it rained, I would look up in the sky and follow the curve of the rainbow to see where it ended. I never did unearth any treasure, but I did spend many happy, showery days dreaming of what I could do with the fortune if
I found it.
(3)As I got older, and started working, rainy days came to be just another nuisance and my childhood dreams of finding treasure faded. But for some people the dream of striking it lucky never fades, and for a fortunate few, the dream even comes true! Such is the case of Mel Fisher. His dream of finding treasure also began in childhood, while reading the great literature classics “Treasure Island” and “Moby Dick”. However, unlike me, he chased his dream and in the end managed to become one of the most famous professional treasure hunters of all time, and for good reason. In 1985, he fished up the priceless cargo of the sunken Spanish ship Atocha, which netted him an incredible 400 million dollars!
(4)After the ship sank in 1622 off the coast of Florida, its murky waters became a treasure-trove （埋藏的宝藏）of precious stones, gold bars and silver coins known as “pieces of eight”. The aptly-named Fisher, who ran a commercial salvaging operation, had been trying to locate the underwater treasure for over 16 years when he finally hit the jackpot! His dreams had come true but finding and keeping the treasure wasn’t all plain sailing. After battling with hostile conditions at sea, Fisher then had to battle in the courts. In fact, the State of Florida took Fisher to court over ownership of the find and the Federal government soon followed suit. After more than 200 hearings, Fisher agreed to donate 20% of his findings for public display, and so now there is a museum in Florida which displays hundreds of the objects which were salvaged from the Atocha.
(5)This true story seems like a modern-day fairytale: a man pursues his dream through hardship and in the end, he triumphs over the difficulties—they all live happily ever after, right? Well, not exactly. Archaeologists object to the fact that with commercial salvaging operations like Fisher’s, the objects are sold and dispersed, and UNESCO are also worried about protecting our underwater heritage from what it describes as “pillaging”（抢劫、掠夺）.
(6)The counter-argument is that in professional, well-run ope rations such as Fisher’s, each piece is accurately and minutely recorded and that it is this information which is more important than the actual object, and that such operations help increase our wealth of archaeological knowledge.indeed, as in Fisher’s ca se, they make history more accessible to people through museum donations and information on web sites.
(7)The distinction of whether these treasure hunters are salvaging or pillaging our underwater heritage may not be clear, but what is clear is that treasure hunting is not just innocent child’s play anymore but profitable big business. I have learnt that the end of the rainbow is beyond my reach, but in consolation, with just a click of the mouse, I too can have a share in the riches that the Atocha has revealed. As Friedrich Nietzsche so wisely said: “Our treasure lies in the beehive of our knowledge.”
41.In Para. 4, the phrase “hit the jackpot” means according to the context.
[A]discovered the jackpot [B] found the treasure
[C] broke one of the objects [D] ran a salvaging operation
42.It can be concluded from Paras. 5 and 6 that .
[A]UNESCO’s view is different from archaeologists’
[B]all salvaging operations should be prohibited
[C]attention should be paid to the find’s educational value
[D]people hold entirely different views on the issue
43.How did the author feel about the treasure from the Atocha (Para. 7)?
[A]She was glad that people can have a chance to see the treasure.
[B]She was sad that she was unable to discover and salvage treasure.
[C]She was angry that treasure hunters were pillaging heritage.
[D]She was unconcerned about where the treasure came from.
PASSAGE TWO
(1)Paul was dissatisfied with himself and with everything. The deepest of his love belonged to his mother. When he felt he had hurt her, or wounded his love for her, he could not bear it. Now it was spring and there was battle between him and Miriam, his girlfriend. This year he had a good deal against her. She was vaguely aware of it. The old feeling that she was to be sacrifice to this love, which she had had when she prayed, was mingled in all her emotions. She did not at the bottom believe she ever would have him. She did not believe in herself primarily: doubted whether she could ever be what he would demand of her. Certainly she never saw herself living happily through a lifetime with him. She saw tragedy, sorrow, and sacrifice ahead. And in sacrifice she was proud, in renunciation she was strong, for she did not trust herself to support everyday life. She was prepared for the big things and the deep things, like tragedy. It was the sufficiency of the small day-life she could not trust.
(2)The Easter holidays began happily. Paul was his own frank self. Yet she felt it would go wrong. On the Sunday afternoon she stood at her bedroom window, looking across at the oak trees of the wood, in whose branches a twilight was tangled, below the bright sky of the afternoon. Grey-green rosettes of honeysuckle leaves hung before the window, some already, she fancied, showing bud. It was spring, which she loved and dreaded.
(3)Hearing the clack of the gate she stood in suspense. It was a bright grey day. Paul came into the yard with his bicycle, which glittered as he walked. Usually he rang his bell and laughed towards the house. Today he walked with shut lips and cold, cruel bearing,that had something of a slouch and a sneer in it. She knew him well by now, and could tell from keen-looking what was happening inside him. There was a cold correctness in the way he put his bicycle in its place, that made her heart sink.
(4)She came downstairs nervously. She was wearing a new net blouse that she thought became her. It had a high collar with a tiny ruff, making her, she thought, look wonderfully a woman, and dignified. At twenty she was full-breasted and luxuriously formed. Her face was still like a soft rich mask, unchangeable. But her eyes, once lifted, were wonderful. She was afraid of him. He would notice her new blouse.
(5)He, being in a hard, ironical mood, was entertaining the family to a description of a service given in the Primitive Methodist Chapel. He sat at the head of the table, his mobile face, with the eyes that could be so beautiful, shining with tenderness or dancing with laughter, now taking on one expression and then another, in imitation of various people he was mocking. His mockery always hurt her; it was too near the reality. He was too clever and cruel. She felt that when his eyes were like this, hard with mocking hate, he would spare neither himself nor anybody else. But Miriam’s mother was wiping her eyes with laughter, and her father, just awake from his Sunday nap, was rubbing his head in amusement. The three brothers sat with ruffled, sleepy appearance in their shirt-sleeves, giving a guffaw from time to time. The whole family loved a “take-off” more than anything.
44.It can be learned from the beginning that Miriam’s attitude towards love between her and P aul is .
[A]indifferent [B] desperate [C] pessimistic [D] ambiguous
45.The narration in Para. 3 tells us that Miriam had all the following feelings EXCEPT .
[A]delight [B] expectation [C] uncertainty [D] foreboding
46.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the family’s response to Paul’s mockery?
[A]Only the parents found it entertaining. [B] Every member except Miriam was amused.
[C]The brothers found it hard to appreciate. [D] Miriam also thought it was amusing.
PASSAGE THREE
(1)I’ve written this article and you’re reading it. So we are members of the same club. We’re both literate—we can read and write. And we both probably feel that literacy is essential to our lives. But millions of people all over the world are illiterate. Even in industrialised Western countries, such as the UK and the the USA, approximately 20% of the population have “low literacy levels”. But what exactly does that mean?
(2)My parents both left school at 14. They could read and write, but except for a quick look at the daily newspaper, reading and writing didn’t play a big part in their lives. There were very few books in the house. My mother was amazed because the woman who lived next door always wrote a list of what she needed before she went to the supermarket. Why couldn’t she remember? We laughed about that for weeks. Our family didn’t write lists! And when I was only 14 years old my father gave me an important letter th at he’d written to the bank and asked me to check it for grammar and spelling mistakes. And there were quite a lot. He never usually wrote letters or postcards or even Christmas cards. So when he had to write he wasn’t comfortable or confident. Does that m ean that my father had a “low level of literacy”? I don’t think so.
(3)There are lots of different definitions of literacy. Some experts define it as having the reading and writing skills that you need to be independent in your everyday life. So, for example, if you can read instructions, write a cheque, fill in a form—anything that you need to do in everyday life—then you are “functionally literate”.
(4)Other people say that you are illiterate if you think that you are illiterate. In other words, if you feel that you can’t read or write as well as you would like to.
(5)If you live in a society where most people are literate, then you will feel ashamed or embarrassed and avoid situations in which you have to read or write. The father of a friend of mine finally admitted to his family that he couldn’t read when he was 45 years old. He bought the newspaper every day and pretended to read it —and believe it or not, his family had no idea.
(6)We often forget that writing is a recent invention. Many years ago, the word “literate” meant being able to communicate well in speaking, in other words what we now call “articulate”. Story telling was an important activity in the past and still is today in some societies. Reading was often a co-operative activity—someone would read aloud to a group, often from a religious text such as the Koran or the Bible.
(7)Only a hundred years ago, in the United States, you were considered to be literate if you could sign your name to a piece of paper. It was an important skill. You were not allowed to vote if you couldn’t sign the voting register, so literacy was connected with political rights, and many people were excluded from the democratic process.
(8)Nowadays we see reading and writing as being connected, but that wasn’t so in the past. Many people could read, but not write. Writing was a skilled profession. If you needed something written then you paid an expert to write it for you.
(9)And of course, rich and important people have always employed people to write things for them. Important company bosses dictated letters to their secretaries or personal assistants. And now with new computer software you can dictate directly to your computer.
(10)Being illiterate can have a big effect on people’s lives. For example, a study in the UK showed that people who write and spell badly are seen as careless, immature and unreliable, and often unintelligent. So it is more difficult for them to find jobs, even when reading and writing are not necessary for the work.
(11)World wide statistics show that literacy problems are associated with poverty and a lack of political power. More women than men are illiterate. Illiterate people have worse health, bigger families and are more likely to go to prison. So literacy campaigns must be a good thing. But don’t forget that an illiterate person, or someone with a low le vel o literacy, isn’t necessarily stupid or ignorant, and may not be unhappy at all. Knowledge and wisdom isn’t only found in writing.
47.Why does the author give two examples in Para.2?
[A]To show that literacy is interpreted in different ways.
[B]To show that Father was more literate than Mother.
[C]To indicate how important reading and writing are.
[D]To compare the level of literacy between neighbours.
48.According to the author, the following are some of the defining features of literacy EXCEPT .
[A]psychological [B] functional [C] social [D] independent
49.Which of the following statements about reading and writing is CORRECT?
[A]Reading and writing have always been regarded as equally difficult.
[B]People had to read and write well in order to be allowed to vote.
[C]Reading often requires more immediate interaction than writing.
[D]Reading and writing have always been viewed as being connected.
50.What do the last two paragraphs mainly focus on (Paras. 10 and 10)?
[A]Effects of illiteracy and employment problems.
[B]Effects of illiteracy and associated problems.
[C]Effects of illiteracy on one’s personality development.
[D]Effects of illiteracy on women’s career development.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
51.What does This in Para. 2 refer to?
52.Why did Fisher have to battle in the courts after he found the treasure (Para. 4)?
PASSAGE TWO
53.Why did Miriam wear a new net blouse on Sunday afternoon?
54.What is the meaning of the sentence “...he would spare neither himself nor anybody else” in Para. 5?
PASSAGE THREE
55.Explain the meaning of the last sentence of Para. 11 according to the context.
PART ⅥWRITING [45MIN]
Read carefully the following report and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:
1)summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
2)comment on whether our brains will get lazy in a world run by intelligent machines
You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
With Intelligent Machines to Do the Thinking, Will Our Brains Get Lazy?
Changing technology stimulates the brain and increases intelligence. But that may only be true if the technology challenges us. In a world run by intelligent machines, our lives could get a lot simpler. Would that make us less intelligent?
Artificial intelligence is taking over many human jobs. For instance, planes are being flown much of the time by automatic pilots. And the complex problem of controlling air traffic around large modern airports is also achieved by artificial intelligence that operates well beyond the capability of mere human air traffic controllers.
Artificial intelligence is embedded in many features of modern life for the simple reason that intelligent machines can already outperform humans, including some aptitudes where there was once thought to be a human advantage, such as playing chess, and writing poetry, or even novels.
As machines get smarter, they will do more of our thinking for us and make life easier. In the future, the electronic assistant will develop to the point that it serves similar functions as a real living butler, fulfilling requests such as: “Organize a dinner party for six on Thursday, Jeeves, and invite the usual guests.”
At that point, our long struggle with challenging technologies is at an end. Like Bertie Wooster, we can take it easy knowing that the hard work of planning and organizing is being done by a better brain —the electronic assistant. Starved of mental effort, our brains will regress.
Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
—THE END—
PART ⅡLISTENING COMPRENSION
SECTION A TALK
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
Online Education
Introduction
?Online courses can bring the best quality education to people
Around the world for free.
Components of online education
?no constraints of (1) (1).........................
—content design for online courses
—short, modular units each discussing (2) (2).........................
—different ways of dealing with the material
—a much more (3) (3)......................... ?providing students with
—(4) questions (4).........................
—(5) on the questions (5).........................
? (6) in different ways (6).........................
—(7) forum (7).........................
—median response time: 22 minutes
Benefits of online education
—education as a (8) (8).........................
—enabling (9) (9).........................
—making (10) possible (10)......................... Conclusion
Online education will have a promising future.
第二部分：参考答案
PartⅠ DICTATION
Learning Sympathy
A big part of being human is feeling sympathy, / but how early on in our lives do we learn this? / Scientists find that babies respond to other people / by crying when other babies cry. / However, babies can’t distinguish between themselves and others / until they’re eighteen to twenty months old. / Toddlers start to show concern for others around this time. / Kids also begin to do things like comforting other people. / And by the time they’re three, / most children will try to protect a victim in a fight.
PartⅡ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
1. aphysical classroom
2. acoherent concept
3. personalized curriculum
4. (more) meaningful practice
5. feedback
6. collaborative learning
7. question and answer
8. fundamental human right
9. life long learning
10. innovation
SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
1. What’s wrong with the man’s computer?
答案：A. It has wiped the data from the flash drive.
2. How will the man be compensated if the computer can’t be fixed?答案：C. Get a new computer.
3. How did the man feel about the woman’s offer of compensation?答案：D. Dissatisfied.
4. When will the service engineer come to fix the computer?
答案：B. After 8:30 tomorrow morning.
5. What is the man’s phone number?
答案：A. 6574-3205.
6. What should we do if our neighbors d idn’t reach out?
答案：B.Introduce ourselves first.
7. Which is the best way to handle a noisy neighbor?
答案：C.Give him a reason to stop.
8. What should we do if we have a nosy neighbor? 答案：D.Don’t answer their questions.
9. How long do we expect our neighbors tostay?
答案：B. Five to ten minutes.
10. Where can we get more information on this topic? 答案：D. CBS news website.
Part III LANGUAGE USAGE
11.B. Whatever
12.A. on which
13.C. women drivers
14.B. present event for tentativeness
15.D. make a suggestion
16.B. disappointment
17.D. would later make
18.C. to have been created
19.A. would have been...had been
20.C. that
21.B. characters
22.D. ensure
23.B. relieve
24.A. releases
25.C. indicative
26.B. eye
27.A. critically
28.C. on
29.D. bound
30.A. invariably
Part IV CLOZE
31.［F］implications
32.［N］single
33.［B］barely
34.［L］online
35.［C］demise
36.［M］rising
37.［I］naturally
38.［G］leaf
39.［H］lost
40.［J］object
Part V READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICEQUESTIONS
PASSAGE ONE
41. In Para. 4, the phrase “hit the jackpot” means according to the context.
答案：C. broke one of the objects
42. It can be concluded from Paras. 5 and 6 that .
答案：D. people hold entirely different views on the issue
43. How did the author feel about the treasure from the Atocha (Para. 7)?
答案：A. She was glad that people can have a chance to see the treasure.
PASSAGE TWO
44.It can be learned from the beginning that Miriam’s attitude towards love between her and Paul is .
答案：C.pessimistic
45.The narration in Para.3 tells us that Miriam had all the following feelings EXCEPT . 答案：A. delight
46.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the family’s response to Paul’s mockery?
答案：B. Every member except Miriam was amused.
PASSAGE THREE
47. Why does the author give two examples in Para.2?
答案：A. To show that literacy is interpreted in different ways.
48. According to the author, the following are some of the defining features of literacy EXCEPT .
答案：D. independent
49.Which of the following statements about reading and writing is CORRECT?
答案：C. Reading often requires more immediate interaction than writing.
50. What do the last two paragraphs mainly focus on(Paras. 10 and 11)?
答案：B. Effects ofilliteracy and associated problems.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWERQUESTIONS
说明：简答题答案不唯一，意思对即可。
PASSAGE ONE
51. What does This in Para. 2 refer to?
答案：Leprechauns’ treasure hoard.
52. Why did Fisher have to battle in the courtsafter he found the treasure (Para. 4)?
答案：Becausehe was sued for the ownership of the find.
PASSAGE TWO
53. Why did Miriam wear a new net blouse on Sunday afternoon?
答案：Because she wanted to look beautiful and arouse Paul’s attention.
54. What is the meaning of the sentence “... he would spare neither himself nor anybody else” in Para. 5?
答案：He would do something cruel to himself and people around.
PASSAGE THREE
55. Explain the meaning of the last sentence of Para.11 according to the context.
答案：Illiterate people may also have knowledge and wisdom.
Part VI WRITING
参考范文
With intelligent machines to do the thinking, will our brains get lazy?
Nowadays, people are enjoying one of the greatest technological boom times in human history. Many aspects of people’sdaily life h ave undergone considerable changes because of the recent development in artificial intelligence. In spite of many benefits brought by intelligent machines, it has been concerned that our brains will get lazy with intelligent machines to do the thinking. In my opinion, artificial intelligence will help our brains get more creative instead.
Artificial intelligence has already made its way into our work field and completely renovated people’s lifestyle. Admittedly, a lot of work has been done by intelligent machines. It seems that the function of people has been weakened and people’s brain has been replaced.As a matter of fact, thanks to artificial intelligence, people can expand their creative energy and add new varieties. Simply speaking, when people are free from tedious, repetitive, sometimes even dangerous and risky work, the work efficiency has undoubtedly been improved. As a result, people can spare more time to do what they want and pursue what they dream of, which is the premise of creativity. Moreover, creativity stems primarily from knowledge and thinking. Once people have opportunities to do more thinking and learn more knowledge, their intelligence would be enhanced rather than weakened.
Actually, intelligent machines are the exhibition of people’s high degree of creative power.No matter how technologies develop, it should be noted that technologies should be people-oriented, and then we may embrace a more enlightening and intelligent society.
第三部分：听力原文
听写：
Learning Sympathy
A big part of being human is feeling sympathy, but how early on in our lives do we learn this? Scientists find that babies respond to other people by crying when other babies cry. However, babies can't distinguish between themselves and others until they're eighteen to twenty months old. Toddlers start to show concern for others around this time. Kids also begin to do things like 演讲：
Online Education
Good morning, everybody.
In today's lecture, we will talk about online education.
You know, in some parts of the world, it is not that easy for people to receive education.
And even in the United States where education is available, it might not be within reach. Thus, online courses provided by those world-famous universities can bring the best quality education to as many people as we could around the world, and for free.
First, let's talk a little bit about some of the components that go into online education.
The first component is that when you move away from the constraints of a physical classroom and design content for an online format, you can break away from, for example, the one-hour lecture format.
You can break up the material, for example, into short, modular units of 8 to 12 minutes, and each of the short units introduces a coherent concept.
Students can deal with this material in different ways, depending on their backgrounds, their skills or their interests.
So, for example, some students might benefit from a little bit of preparatory material that other students might already have.
Other students might be interested in a particular topic that they want to pursue individually.
So this format allows students to break away from the one-size-fits-all model of education, and allows students to follow a much more personalized curriculum.
Second and perhaps one of the biggest components of our online education is that when we need to have students who practice with the material in order to really understand it.
There's been a range of studies that demonstrate the importance of this.
A study in Science last year, for example, demonstrates that even simple retrieval practice, where students are just supposed to repeat what they've already learned, gives considerably improved results on various achievement tests.
So, we need to build in much more meaningful practice questions.
Now, fortunately, technology has helped us to provide the students with feedback on those questions.
We can now grade a range of interesting types of homework online.
The third component is what is called collaborative learning.
Students could collaborate in different online courses in a variety of ways.
First of all, there was a question and answer forum, where students could pose questions, and other students could answer those questions.
And what is really amazing is that, because there were so many students, it means that even if a student posed a question at 3 o'clock in the morning, somewhere around the world there would be somebody who was awake and working on the same problem.
And he might answer that question.
And so, in many of the online courses, the median response time for a question on the question and answer forum was 22 minutes.
So in a word, if we wanted to offer top quality education to everyone around the world for free, what would that affect us?
Three things.
First, it would establish education as a fundamental human right, where anyone around the world with the ability and the motivation could get the skills they need.
Second, it would enable lifelong learning.
It's a shame that for so many of us, learning stops when we finish high school or when we finish college.
By making this amazing content available, we would be able to learn something new every time we wanted, whether it's just to expand our minds or it's to change our lives.
And finally, this would make a wave of innovation possible, because amazing talent can be found everywhere.
To sum up today, we have talked about some features of online education and it's benefits.
We are sure that online education will have a promising future.
In the next lecture, we're going to learn how online education has changed people around the world.
长对话原文：
Conversation One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.
W: Good afternoon, this is B.E.S. customer service line. Maggie speaking. How can I help you? M: Yeah. Yeah. Look, it's about my computer I bought of you one month ago.
W: Yes. What seems to be the problem?
M: Well, I was transferring my files to it from my flash drive and they got lost. Everything!
W: Okay. Now, don't worry. I'm sure we can sort something out. First, can you give me a few details? The computer has lost all your data, you say?
M: Yes. But you don't understand. It wiped everything of the flash drive as well. My whole life! My whole life was in those files!
W: Oh. My goodness. Are you sure? Sounds like the problem is with your flash drive.
M: Of course not. There is nothing wrong with my flash drive. I've had it for years. And I used it yesterday in my office, in another computer.
W: Okay. I can understand how upset you must be. Now, I don't think we can deal with it on the phone, so I'm going to send a service engineer to see if they can retrieve your data. Can you give me your product reference number?
M: Mmm. Ah, yes. Here it is. It's RF40101.
W: Thank you.
M: I'll be expecting a total refund and compensation if this can't be fixed.
W: I'm sorry. But we are not authorized to give refunds. What I can do is to send you a brand-new computer. How would that be?
M: But mine is supposed to be a brand-new computer. You think I want another one of these? After what the last one did to my files?
W: Well, let's see what our engineer can do. Hopefully, it's not quite as bad as you think. Now, I've got your address here in your customer file—No.23, Bond Street, right?
M: Yeah. Right.
W: And it's a Mr. Adams, isn't it?
M: Yes.
W: Right. Mr. Adams, we'll have an engineer with you early tomorrow morning. And I'll ask him to bring a new hard disc with him. Will you be at home?
M: Yes. But not before 8:30.
W: Okay. Our engineer will contact you before he comes. Can you be reached by this number---6574-3205?
M: Yes. Sure.
W: Well. Best of luck this afternoon. I hope we can solve the problem for you.
M: Well. Thanks. Ur...Good bye.
W: Good bye, Mr. Adams.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.
Q1: What's wrong with the man's computer?
Q2: How will the man be compensated if the computer can't be fixed?
Q3: How did the man feel about the woman's offer of compensation?
Q4: When will the service engineer come to fix the computer?
Q5: What is the man's phone number?
长对话2：
Conversation Two
Question 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.
M: Well, for years people have been trying to keep up with the joneses. But instead of competing with your neighbors, how about actually trying to get along with them. Joining us with some simple tips on how to deal with those likeable and not so likable neighbors is Betty Wong. She is the executive editor of Family Circle Magazine. Good morning, Betty.
W: Good morning, Allen.
M: Well, in an ideal world, I guess we would all get along with our neighbors, wouldn't we?
W: Right, right, we hope so.
M: But how do we establish a good relationship? When you move into a neighborhood, right, should you to reach out to the neighbors or should they be reaching out to you?
W: I think it can work either way, I mean, certainly, if they don't reach out to you, don't assume that they are being rude or unfriendly. They just might be holding back because they think you're too busy. So if they don't make that first step, you know, after a few days go ahead and introduce yourself.
M: Yeah, neighbors can be really helpful. But, of course they can also be annoying. For example, neighbors who make a lot of noise.
W: Well, loud music is one of those top complaints, and I think you know for most reasons. People, they probably aren't even aware that they are causing problems for the neighbor. And I
think if you bring it up to your neighbors' attention, they will be more than happy to fix it. You could say something like, you know, I'm kind of, I am really a light sleeper or I suffered from headache. Can you help me out by, you know, turning down the music during the evening hours or the early morning or come up with a compromise that works for both of you.
M: Don't just call the police, right, which a lot of people do?
W: Of course, no.
M: Right, then, what about a nosy neighbor.
W: Right, I think a lot of time we made mistake nosy behavior for being, you know, nosy or poky when they are just being kind of trying to be friendly. Or maybe that person's lonely, it's, you kind of have to see what the motive is there. And oftentimes if you are a little evasive or, you just don't answer their question they often take the hint and back off.
M: And the neighbor that comes to visit and won't go away?
W: Well, I think you know that. There might be somebody who is just really lonely and wants a friend. You know oftentimes I think the rule is, a five or ten minute visit is fine. Because you know the way you are not imposing on that person's schedule or that person's plan. But you know you don't have to be best friends with her neighbor at all. You can just be polite and say hello in the morning and that makes everybody's relationship so much better.
M: Well, that'simportant, Betty Wong, thanks so much for the tips we appreciate from Family Circle Magazine. And for more on this topic and others, head to the early show website, CBS https://www.doczj.com/doc/756311892.html,.
Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.
Question 6 What should we do if our neighbors didn't reach out?
Question 7 Which is the best way to handle a noisy neighbor?
Question 8 What should we do if we have a nosy neighbor?
Question 9 How long do we expect our neighbors to stay?
Question 10 Where can we get more information on this topic?
00541-2017年4月真题及答案
2017年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 语言学概论试卷 (课程代码00541) 第一部分选择题(共30分) 一、革项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分) 1．汉语属于 A．孤立语 B.屈折语 C．粘着语 D。复综语2．“种花”的“花”和‘‘花钱”的“花”是 A．同义词 B．多义词 C．同音词 D．近义词3．苏美尔人发明了 A．楔形文字 B．甲骨文 C．腓尼基字母 D.阿拉伯字母 4．第二语言学习者在使用外语时常常借助于母语的发音、词义、结构规则或习惯来表达思想的现象叫 A．语言相关 B.语言辅助 C．语言影响D．语言迁移 5．“郭明义是当代的雷锋”中，“雷锋”属于借代中的 A．以部分代整体 B.以特征代本体 C．以具体代抽象D．以专称代通称 6．“成立”和“建立”这两个词的词义区别主要是 A．理性意义不同 B．感情色彩不同 C．语体色彩不同 D．形象色彩不同
7．根据乔姆斯基提出的假设，人的大脑中储存的全人类语言所共有的语言知识叫 A．人类语法 B.普遍语法 C．个人语法 D．个别语法 8．从同一种语言中分化出来的各个语言叫 A．地方话 B．隐语 C．亲属语言 D．原始基础语 9．“活儿我不做了!三颗粮食，收不收有什么关系?”使用的修辞手法是 A．拟人 B．拟物 C．夸张 D．降格 10．语言符号的能指是 A．词汇B．语音 C．语义 D．语法 11．汉语普通话以北方方言为基础方言主要出于 A．人们的喜好 B．经济上的原因 C．文化上的原因D．政治上的原因 12．诗歌属于 A.谈话语体 B．应用语体 C．文学语体 D．宣传语体 13.纳西族语言称“大树”为“树母”、“小树”为“树
2017年6月英语四级真题 作文一： For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. “Dear Andy-How are you? Your mother and I are fine.We both miss you and hope you are doing well.We look forward to seeing you again the nest time your computer crashes and you come down-stairs for something to eat,Love,Mom and Dad.” 作文二： For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【星火英语版】2017年英语专业八级考试参考答案 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE 1. signing 2. primary 3. literacy 4. different but complementary 5. avoiding 6. many other contexts 7. characteristics/features 8. reaction 9. distance 10. emotion 11. deliberate 12. intimacy and immediacy 13. continuum 14. types of language 15. the usage SECTION B INTERVIEW 1.What is international leaders’ assessment of the current battle
against Ebola? 答案：B. Disheartening. 2.How many people are now working in the treatment unit in Liberia? 答案：A. 200. 3.According to Mary, what is the challenge in the battle against Ebola? 答案：D. Insufficient operational efforts on the ground. 4.Why do health workers need case management protocol training? 答案：B. They can open up more treatment units. 5.What does this interview mainly talk about? 答案：C. Ebola outpacing operational efforts. 6.What is Tom’s main role in his new position? 答案：C. Using media information to inspire new ideas. 7.According to Tom, what does innovation require of people? 答案：B. Being brave and willing to take a risk 8.What does T om see as game-changing chances in the future? 答案：B. Aiming at a consumer level. 9.What does T om do first to deal with the toughest part of his work?
2017年4月思想道德修养与法律基础真题 一、单项选择题 本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.理想信念是由理想和信念两个概念结合而成，包含了理想和信念各自的含义。其中，理想是（）。 A．人们在社会生活中应该遵循的行为规范的总和 B．人们在改造世界过程中形成的对于自我和世界的认识 C．人们在实践中形成的具有现实可能性的对未来的向往和追求 D．人们在一定的认识基础上确立的对某种思想或事物坚信不疑的态度 【答案】C 【解析】考查理想信念的含义。理想是人们在实践中形成的具有实现可能性的对未来的向往和追求，是人们的世界观、人生观和价值观在奋斗目标上的集中体现。 【考点】理想信念及其作用 2.人们的理想信念遍及社会生活的所有领域，呈现出许多不同的类型。建立社会主义制度，并在全世界实现共产主义，属于（）。 A．生活领域的理想信念 B．职业领域的理想信念 C．道德领域的理想信念 D．社会领域的理想信念 【答案】D 【解析】社会领域的理想信念是人们在社会公共生活方面所持的基本理念和对于理想的社会制度的向往和追求。 【考点】理想信念及其作用 3.人们的理想信念存在于人们的内心深处，属于一种精神现象。但它又不只是一种纯粹的主观现象和静止的精神状态，而是一种包含着行动意志的复合现象，表现为从精神向行动的转变过程。这说明理想信念具有（）。 A．多样性和共同性 B．思想性和实践性 C．时代性和阶级性 D．虚幻性和超越性 【答案】B 【解析】理想信念具有思想性与实践性。人们的理想信念存在于人的内心深处，属于一种精神现象。但是，它又不只是一种纯粹的主观现象和静止的精神状态，而是一种包含着行动意志的复合现象，是一种从精神向行动的转变过程。 【考点】理想信念及其作用 4.现阶段我国各民族人民的共同理想是（）。 A．实现共产主义 B．脱贫致富奔小康 C．建设中国特色社会主义
目录 2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(完整版一) (1) 快速对答案 (14) 2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(完整版二) (14) 快速对答案 (28) 2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(完整版三) (28) 快速对答案 (37) 2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(完整版一) Part I Writing (25 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campuswebsite to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A) The man in the car was absent-minded.
2017年英语四级真题阅读答案及解析 英语四六级的2017年上半年考试即将到来，为帮助各位更好的进行知识点的巩固， 以下是为大家搜索整理的2017年真题阅读答案及解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩 内容请及时关注我们! 选词填空： section a to get a sense of how women have progressed in science take a quick tour of the physics department at the university of california berkeley.this is a storied place the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science-starting with ernest lawrence's invention of the cvclotron(回旋加速器)in 1931.a generation ago female faces were 37 and.even today,visitors walking through the first floor of leconte hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of there white males but climb up to the third floor and you'll see a 40 display.there,among the photos of current facnlty members and students are portraits of the 41 head of the department,marjorie shapiro and four other women whose reseaich 42 everything from the mecheanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter.a sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago.although they're still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty,women are clearly a presence here.and the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right graduate and undergraduate students about 20 percent of them female.every years berkeley sends its fresh female physics phds to the country's top universities.that makes shapiro optimistic but also 44 "i believe things are getting bette "she says "but they're not getting better as 45 as i would like." 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 a)circumstance b)confidence c)covers d)current e)deals f)different g)exposing h)fast
2017年英语专业八级考试改错模拟测试 题及答案5 I think it is true to saying that, in general, language teachers (26) have paid little attention to the way sentences are used in combination to form stretches of disconnected discourse. They have tended to take (27) their cue from the grammarian and have concentrated to the teaching (28) of sentences as self-contained units. It is true that these are often represented in "contexts" and strung together in dialogues and (29) reading passages, but these are essentially setting to make the formal properties of the sentences stand out more clearly, properties which are then established in the learners brain(30) by means of practice drill and exercises. Basically, the language teaching unit is the (31)
2017年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 语言学概论试卷(课程代码00541) 第一部分选择题(共30分) 一、革项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分) 1．汉语属于 A．孤立语 B.屈折语 C．粘着语 D。复综语 2．“种花”的“花”和‘‘花钱”的“花”是 A．同义词 B．多义词 C．同音词 D．近义词 3．苏美尔人发明了 A．楔形文字 B．甲骨文 C．腓尼基字母 D.阿拉伯字母 4．第二语言学习者在使用外语时常常借助于母语的发音、词义、结构规则或习惯来表达思想的现象叫 A．语言相关 B.语言辅助 C．语言影响D．语言迁移 5．“郭明义是当代的雷锋”中，“雷锋”属于借代中的 A．以部分代整体 B.以特征代本体 C．以具体代抽象D．以专称代通称 6．“成立”和“建立”这两个词的词义区别主要是 A．理性意义不同 B．感情色彩不同 C．语体色彩不同 D．形象色彩不同 7．根据乔姆斯基提出的假设，人的大脑中储存的全人类语言所共有的语言知识叫 A．人类语法 B.普遍语法 C．个人语法 D．个别语法 8．从同一种语言中分化出来的各个语言叫 A．地方话 B．隐语 C．亲属语言 D．原始基础语 9．“活儿我不做了!三颗粮食，收不收有什么关系?”使用的修辞手法是 A．拟人 B．拟物 C．夸张 D．降格 10．语言符号的能指是
A．词汇B．语音 C．语义 D．语法 11．汉语普通话以北方方言为基础方言主要出于 A．人们的喜好 B．经济上的原因 C．文化上的原因D．政治上的原因 12．诗歌属于 A.谈话语体 B．应用语体 C．文学语体 D．宣传语体 13.纳西族语言称“大树”为“树母”、“小树”为“树男”，反映出古代纳西族曾经历过 A．群婚制阶段 B．族外婚制阶段 C．母系氏族社会阶段 D．家族制阶段 14．希腊字母属于 A．辅音文字 B．全音素文字 C.表意文字 D．象形文字 15．古代关于马的词很多，如“驹”两岁马、“駣”三岁马、“馬八”八岁马，这些词被称为 A．同源词B．类义词 C．同义词 D．同形词 16．语言符号的结构必须是按照时间先后顺序依次出现，这是语言符号的 A．系统特征 B．约定特征 C．层级特征 D．线性特征 17．对“语言”和“言语”这两个概念进行区分的是 A．索绪尔 B．鲍阿斯 C．沃尔夫 D．施莱歇尔 18．“他们的品质是那样的纯洁和高尚，他们的意志是那样的坚韧和刚强，他们的气质是那村的纯朴和谦逊，他们的胸怀是那样的美丽和宽广”是 A.对偶句B．排比句 C．反复句 D．回环句 19.下面各词借自于汉代西域的是 A．葡萄 B．罗汉 C．蛮夷 D．胡同 20．某一言语社团同时使用两种或两种以上语言的社会现象叫
2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案 (第一套) Part I Writing (25 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A) The man in the car was absent-minded. B) The test driver made a wrong judgement. C) The self-driving system was faulty. D) The car was moving at a fast speed. 2. A) They have done better than conventional cars. B) They have caused several severe crashes. C) They have posed a threat to other drivers. D) They have generally done quite well. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 3. A) He works at a national park. B) He is a queen been specialist. C) He removed the beyond from the boot. D) He drove the bees away from his car.
Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear three news the end of each news report,you will hear two or three the news report and the questions will be spoken only you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A)By taking pictures for passers-by. C)By selling lemonade and pictures. B)By working part time at a hospital. D)By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B)They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C)They are only about half an inch thick. D)They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.
英语专业 四级/六级 真题解析
2017年英语专八听力原文 英语专八考生平时复习听力的时，候往年的英语专八真题听力原文是很好的复习资料，专八考生可以先根据听力做题之后再根据专八听力原文进行分析自己的错题点。下面是新东方在线英语专八频道为大家整理的2017年英语专八听力原文。 sectionA mini-lecture The Modes of Language 语言的模式 Good morning, everyone! 大家早上好! In our last lecture, I was talking about language as part of our semiotic system. 上次我们讲到，语言是符号系统的一部分。 And today I am going to move on to another topic, that is, the modes of language. 今天我们讲下一个话题，语言的模式。 As you may know, messages are transmitted in human language most frequently through two primary modes: speech and writing. 大家都知道，人类语言中的信息通常以两种基本模式传递：“说”和“写”。 Well, you know, there is also a third mode, which is not that frequently used as speech and writing. 当然，还有第三种模式，但不如“说”和“写”那么常用。 The third mode is called signing, which is used by deaf people. 第三种模式叫作手势语，听障者经常用这种方式。 But in today's lecture, we will just focus on speech and writing, and the specific features of these two modes. 但是今天，我们主要讲“说”和“写”，以及这两种模式的特点。 In linguistics, it is commonly noted that speech is primary and writing secondary. 语言学上普遍认为，先有“说”，才有“写”。 Linguistics take this position because all languages are spoken except those dead languages such as Latin, which is only existent in written form. 语言学有这样的观点，是因为世界上说什么语言的人都有，除了那些已经废弃的语言，比如只以书面形式继续存在着的拉丁语。 All children will naturally acquire the spoken version of a language if they are exposed to it. 直接接触一种语言的话，所有儿童都会自然习得这种语言的口语。
1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案 （文字/答案校对版） 2017年改错真题 The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1.________ distinguishes one individual from another. The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs to be equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2.________ what will make one a happy and successful social being. In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledge the fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time. They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3.________ in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constant in life is change, th e more one accepts one’s strengths and works 4._______ towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5.________ communication skills, the better will be their interactions and the more their social popularity. The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6.________ communication skills? The answer is simple. One can find plenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conduct workshops and seminars based on communication skills of men and women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing in trainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7.________ help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations. Today effective communication skills have become a predominant factor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates, most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with. They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8.________ communicate well is important, as every employee becomes the representing face of the company. There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._______ programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitate better communication skills in the workplace, but also look into the problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._______ 2016年改错真题 All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships, a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._________ for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences, language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._________ character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________ other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places,
2017年4月《中国近现代史纲要》 一、单项选择题 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出。 1.1840年鸦片战争前，中国社会的性质是（）。 A．奴隶社会 B．封建社会 C．半殖民地半封建社会 D．资本主义社会 【答案】B 【解析】以1840年鸦片战争为标志，中国由封建社会逐步演变为半殖民地半封建社会。鸦片战争是中国近代史的开端。所以1840年鸦片战争之前，中国的社会性质是封建社会。 2.鸦片战争后，提出“师夷长技以制夷”思想的是（）。 A．龚自珍 B．林则徐 C．魏源 D．王韬 【答案】C 【解析】1843年，魏源在《四洲志》的基础上编纂了《海国图志》，综述世界各国历史、地理及中国应采取的对外政策，提出“师夷长技以制夷”思想，主张学习外国先进的军事和科学技术，以期国家富强来抵御侵略。 3.洋务运动时期最早创办的翻译学堂的是（）。 A．同文馆 B．广方言馆 C．译书局 D．译书馆 【答案】A 【解析】1862年奕?创办京师同文馆，是洋务运动时期最早创办的翻译学堂；1863年李鸿章在上海创办广方言馆。 4.1911年，在保路运动中规模最大、斗争最激烈的省份是（）。 A．湖北 B．湖南 C．广东 D．四川
【答案】D 【解析】1911年5月清政府宣布“铁路干线收归国有”，并将粤汉、川汉铁路的路权出卖给帝国主义，引起湖北、湖南、广东、四川反对，保路运动兴起，四川尤其强烈。 5.中国历史上第一步具有资产阶级共和国宪法性质的法典是（）。 A．《中华民国临时约法》 B．《钦定宪法大纲》 C．《中华民国约法》 D．《中华民国宪法》 【答案】A 【解析】1912年3月，临时参议院颁布《中华民国临时约法》，这是中国历史上第一部具有资产阶级共和国宪法性质的法典。 6.中国共产党第一次明确提出反帝反封建民主革命纲领的会议是（）。 A．中共一大 B．中共二大 C．中共三大 D．中共四大 【答案】B 【解析】1922年7月，党的二大在上海召开。中共二大在中国近现代历史上第一次明确提出了彻底的反帝反封建的革命纲领，为中国革命指明了方向。 7.1927年国民党南京政权建立后，官僚资本的垄断活动首先和主要是从（）。A．金融业方面开始 B．商业方面开始 C．轻工业方面开始 D．重工业方面开始 【答案】A 【解析】1927年国民党在全国的统治建立以后，官僚买办资本急剧地膨胀起来。官僚资本的垄断活动，首先和主要的是在金融业方面开始的。 8.1935年1月，中国共产党召开的具有历史转折意义的会议是（）。 A．八七会议 B．古田会议 C．遵义会议 D．洛川会议 【答案】C 【解析】1935年1月15～17日，中共中央政治局在遵义召开扩大会议。集中全力解决当时具有决定意义的军事和组织问题。遵义会议在危急情况下挽救了党、
20XX年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) It tries to entertain its audience. C) It wants to catch people’s attention. B) It tries to look into the distance. D) It has got one of its limbs injured. 2. A) It was spotted by animal protection officials. B) It was filmed by a local television reporter. C) Its videos were posted on social media. D) Its picture won a photography prize. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) The distance travelled C) The spending on gas. B) The incidence of road accidents. D) The number of people travelling. 4. A) Fewer people are commuting. C) Job growth is slowing down. B) Gas consumption is soaring. D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.
2017年德语专业八级真题及详解 Teil Ⅰ Ⅰ. H?rverstehen (40 Punkte) H?rtext 1: Sie h?ren ein Interview mit dem Berliner Bildungsforscher Klaus Hurrelmann ins gesamt zweimal. Entscheiden Sie bitte beim H?ren, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch). (2P×10=20P)
【答案与解析】 1.R 录音中提到“Kinder von Akademikern gehen viel selbstverst?ndlicher auf Hochschulen und Universit?ten als der Nachwuchs v on Arbeitern und kleinen Angestellten.”意为：相比于工人和小员工家庭的子女，出身于学术家庭的孩子们毫无疑问更可能进入高等学校和大学学习。故本题正确。 2.F 录音中提到“Noch eine erschreckende Zahl...Fast zwei Millionen junge Erwachsene in Deutschland haben keine Berufsausbildung.”意为：还有一个可怕的数字——在德国有将近200万年轻人没有接受过职业培训。后文提到“Da spiegelt sich noch in dieser Zahl die Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise mit H?hepunkt 2007/ 2008.”意为：这反映了金融和经济危机在2007年到2008年达到了顶峰。但并未提及未经过职业培训的青年人的数量达到了最高点。故本题错误。 3.F 录音中提到“Die OECD hat ja einen Bildungsbericht vorgelegt, der zeigt, dass wir im internationalen Vergleich sehr gut dastehen.”意为：经济合作与发展组织提交的一份教育报告显示，我们在国际竞争中状态良好。后文出现的“Pisa-Schock” （国际学生能力评估计划）是一项是由经合组织创办的教育评估项目，测试学生们能否掌握参与社会所需要的知识与技能。故本题错误。 4.R 录音中提到“Wir haben investiert in den frühkindlichen Bereich.”意为：我们在 早教领域加大了投资力度。由此可推知对早教的重视程度提高了。故本题正确。 5.R 录音中提到“Aber was wir nicht gut geschafft haben ist genau das: die ganz Schwachen zu f?rdern, die aus Familien mit einer Zuwanderungsgeschichte kommen.”意为：我们做的不好的地方具体来说是促进那些来自于有移民历史的家庭的十分弱势的孩子们。故本题正确。