职称英语理工类B级-41
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、第1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)
1.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.
A．force B．influence C．surprise D．power
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：impact：影响。influence：影响。可见influence可替换impact。
2.Can you follow the plot so far?
A．change B．investigate C．write D．understand
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：
3.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.
A．physical B．mental C．natural D．hard
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：manual：手工的。physical：体力的；跟身体相关的。手工活蕴含体力活，因此physical可以替换manual。
4.In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A．result B．judgment C．decision D．event
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：outcome：结果。result：结果。二者意思相同，所以result可以替换outcome。
5.Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.
A．statements B．beliefs C．suggestions D．claims
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：convictions：坚强的信念。beliefs：信念；相信。“坚强的信念”蕴含“信念”。因此用beliefs 替换convictions，句子意义基本相同。
6.Up to now, the work has been easy.
A．So B．So long C．So that D．So far
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：So far：至此。Up to now：到现在为止。So far和Up to now在意义上相等，并且替换后，在语法上也是正确的句子。
7.The report advocated setting up day training colleges.
A．supposed B．excited C．suggested D．discussed
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：suggested：建议。advocated：推荐。二者意义接近，并都能跟动名词短语。因此可以相互替换。
8.Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.
A．Therefore B．Afterwards C．However D．Furthermore
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：Therefore：因此。Accordingly：因此，相应地。二者都引入一种由某种事实或情景所产生的结果。因此Therefore替换Accordingly不改变句子的意义，并在语法上也是成立的。
9.9 The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.
A．view B．sight C．look D．point
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：view：景致。outlook：景致。二者意义相等，替换后能保持语法上的正确性。The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking. 从山顶上向下眺望，景致扣人心弦。
10.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.
A．tensely B．nearly C．carefully D．closely
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：intimately的意思是“紧密地、亲密地”，和closely同义。
11.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.
A．explained B．invented C．considered D．accepted
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：
12.He talks tough but has a tender heart.
A．heavy B．mild C．kind D．wild
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：tender：温柔的，和kind同义，tough在口语中可以用作副词，意思是“强硬、粗暴”，but表明了前后两个从句在意义上的对比。
13.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.
A．making B．taking C．discussing D．expecting
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：
14.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.
A．waste B．buy C．use D．sell
（分数：1.00）
A.
C. √
D.
解析：
15.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.
A．function B．ability C．power D．volume
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：capacity这个词有时和ability同义，表示能力，但capacity的另外一个意思是“容量、容纳能力”，在本句中它就是这个意思，故应选volume。
二、第2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)
The Threat to Kiribati
The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth—literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. "This never happened before," say the older citizens of Kiribati.
What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps.
If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate—they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone's loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.
The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don't have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.
（分数：7.00）
(1).The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
解析：题句的意思与原文相符。见原文前两句。
(2).High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned（分数：1.00）
A. √
C.
解析：此句与原文第一段第二句、第三句意思相符，故为正确答案。
(3).The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
解析：此句与原文意思不符。文章第二段第三句和第四句说的是，石油和煤燃烧时释放出污染物，这些污染物使得地球大气环境中的热量无法散开，从而引起全球变暖。
(4).Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
解析：实际上，科学家对地球变暖的危害是十分清楚的，第三段第一句就指出，这种趋势(气候变暖)再持续下去，许多国家将会遭受不幸。
(5).The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
解析：此句的意思文章中根本没有提到，故选C。
(6).The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
解析：do anything substantial的意思是“做出实实在在的事情”。换句话说，他们可以做点事情，但改变不了整个局面。文章第四段讲到，这些岛国资金不厚实，对一些工业化国家排放的污染物无能为力，所以要阻挡这一趋势的发展(气候变暖)是不可能的。与题句意思相符，故选A。
(7).Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
解析：此句的意思文章中没有提到，故选C。
三、第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)
Robots
1．The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 2．Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray- painting and assembling components.
3．In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly
because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
4．It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
5．It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. 6．The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. 7．The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
（分数：8.00）
(1).A．Ongoing Research
B．Extension of Use
C．Robot Heroes
D．Greater Reliability
E．Falling Demand
F．Hidden Danger
Paragraph 2 ______（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）
解析：Extension of Use：用途的扩大。第二段是这么说的：虽然工业机器人最早的开发只是用作处理物体的手段，但是现在用得最多的是焊接、喷漆和组装元件。
(2).Paragraph 3 ______（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）
解析：Falling Demand：需求下降。第三段的第一句(主题句)是这么说的：1984年在英国，机器人的销售达到了高峰，自那以后一直在下降。
(3).Paragraph 5 ______（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）
解析：Robot Heroes：机器人主人公。第五段的第一句(主题句)是这么说的：据估计，日本20%的连环漫画书中的主人公是机器人。
(4).Paragraph 6 ______（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）
解析：Greater Reliability：更大的可靠性。第六段的第一句和第二句是这么说的：机器人的可靠性是用故障的平均时间计算的，这种可靠性已经从二十世纪七十年代中期的250小时左右提高到了今天的大约10,000小时。
(5).A．too much energy
B．based on American designs
C．they are too costly
D．they are not reliable
E．good to quality control
F．free of charge
Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are ______.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）
解析：based on American designs：基于美国设计。跟题干合成后得出的句子是：Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are based on American designs. 甚至最先进的日本机器人是基于美国
设计制造的。第一段第一句(主题句)是这么说的：最先进的日本机器人仍然是基于美国设计制造的。可见，二者意思是一样的，只是句子的用词稍有变动。
(6).Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because ______.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）
解析：they are too costly：它们太贵了。跟题干合成后得出的句子是：Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because they are too costly. 机器人在今天的英国不如以前用得多，因为它们太贵了。第三段在讲到英国机器人销售下降的部分原因时是这么说的：英国的工资水平太低，使得机器人在财政上已失去了吸引力……。题目就是根据这一意思组织的。
(7).One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume ______.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）
解析：too much energy：太多的能量。跟题干合成后得出的句子是：One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume too much energy. 使用机器人的一个坏处是它们消耗太多的能量。第四段是这么说的，据计算，干一件同样的活，机器人平均消耗的能量是一个人的百倍。题目就是根据这一意思组织的。
(8).It is claimed that introducing robots is ______.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）
解析：quality control：质量控制。跟题干合成后得出的句子是：It is claimed that introducing robots is good to quality control. 使用机器人有利于质量控制。第七段的第一句话是这么说的：日本公司声称采用机器人的唯一的最大好处是机器人提高了质量控制。题目是从这句话推出的。
四、第4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)
New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people—not their clothes, ideas, or languages—has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine (饥荒)" of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when aperson named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.
（分数：15.00）
(1).According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? A．Food. B．Clothing.
C．Ideology. D．Language.（分数：3.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：Food：食物。答案在第一段第一个句子：在过去的500年中，就人而言，没有比吃的东西变化更大的了，衣着、思想、语言方面的变化都比不上吃的变化大。
(2)."Some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to
A．some cocoa trees. B．some chocolate drinks.
C．some shops. D．some South American Indians.（分数：3.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：some shops：一些商店。指代一般遵守邻近原则。与some邻近的是：In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. 在伦敦，供应巧克力饮料的商店已经变成了约会的场所。因此some应指some shops。或许有些读者会问：chocolate drinks离some不是更近吗?确实如此。不过，chocolate drinks处于修饰shop的子句之中，从结构上说跟some不是对应的。结构平行性也是决定指代关系的一个原则。
(3).Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because
A．they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else.
B．they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
C．the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes.
D．the potato harvest was bad.（分数：3.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：the potato harvest was bad：土豆收成不好。题目问的是：成千上万的爱尔兰人在“土豆饥荒”的岁月里挨饿的原因是什么?第二段说到crop failed(作物歉收)。这跟D说的是一回事。
(4).Which country is the largest coffee producer?
A．Brazil. B．Colombia.
C．Ethiopia. D．Egypt.（分数：3.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：Brazil：巴西。该题问的是：哪个国家是最大的咖啡生产国?第三段第三句是这么说的：巴西是当今世界上最大的咖啡种植国。
(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?
A．One third of the world's population drinks coffee.
B．Coffee is native to Colombia.
C．Coffee can keep one awake.
D．Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.（分数：3.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：Coffee is native to Colombia：咖啡原产于哥伦比亚。第三段的倒数第二句是这么说的：但是它(咖啡)原产于埃塞俄比亚，一个非洲国家。
六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)
Please Fasten Your Seatbelts
Severe turbulence (湍流) can kill aircraft passengers. Now, in test flights over the Rocky Mountains, NASA．(美国航空航天局) engineers have successfully detected clear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds before an aircraft hits it.
Clear-air turbulence often catches pilots by surprise. Invisible to radar, it is difficult to forecast and can hurl (用力抛出去) passengers about the cabin. In December 1997, one passenger died and a hundred others were injured when unexpected rough air caused a United Airlines flight over the Pacific to drop 300 metres in a few seconds.
However, passengers can avoid serious injury by fastening their seatbelts. "It is the only antidote (对策) for this sort of thing," says Rod Bogue, project manager at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.
The centre's new turbulence detector is based on lidar, or laser radar. Laser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air. The technique depends on the Doppler effect. The wavelength of the light shifts according to the speed at which the particles are approaching. In calm air, the speed equals the plane's airspeed. But as the particles swirl (打漩) in rough air, their speed of approach increases or decreases rapidly. The rate of change in speed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度) of the turbulence.
In a series of tests that began last month, a research jet flew repeatedly into disturbed air over the mountain ridges (山脉) near Pueblo, Colorado. The lidar detector spotted turbulence between 3 and 8 kilometres ahead, and its forecasts of strength and duration corresponded closely with the turbulence that the plane encountered.
Bogue says that he had "a comfortable amount of time" to fasten his seatbelt. The researchers are planning to improve the lidar's range with a more powerful beam. The system could be installed on commercial aircraft in the next few years.
（分数：15.00）
(1).What does "clear-air turbulence" probably mean? (Paragraph 1)
A．A not very rough storm.
B．Unexpected disturbed air.
C．A kind of visible storm.
D．A storm over mountain ridges.（分数：3.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：本题问的是“clear-air turbulence”在文中指什么?turbulence的意思就是湍流，根据第二段第二句的说法，cleat-air turbulence指的是雷达无法测到的一种turbulence，所以选项B为正确答案。(2).In December 1997, a United Airlines flight hit unexpected rough air,
A．causing a lot of damage to the plane.
B．throwing its passengers out of the cabin.
C．resulting in heavy casualties.
D．forcing the pilot to make an emergency landing.（分数：3.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：该题为细节题，问的是1997年12月联合航空公司的一架班机在碰到这种气流后，遭遇了什么结果?原文讲到造成一人死亡，多人受伤，据此判断，损失惨重，故选C。
(3).The turbulence detector can tell the severity of the turbulence by measuring
A．the speed of the plane.
B．the speed of the light.
C．the number of particles in the air.
D．the changes of the particles' speed.（分数：3.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：此题问气流探测器通过测量什么来判断它的危害程度?第四段最后一句说：The rate of change in speed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度) of the turbulence. 所以选项D为正确答案。
(4).We can infer from the fifth paragraph that
A．the lidar detector can successfully forecast turbulence.
B．researchers are not sure about the effectiveness of the lidar detector.
C．passenger planes will be used in further experiments.
D．no more test flights are needed.（分数：3.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：此题为判断题，要求根据第五段的信息判断下面哪句话是正确的。显然，选项A符合原文的意思，
为正确答案。
(5).The last paragraph tells us, among other things, that
A．the lidar detector needs improvement.
B．many airlines are interested in the system.
C．passengers often forget to fasten their seatbelts.
D．the lidar detector can be used in a wide range of areas.（分数：3.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：此题也为判断题。此题是根据最后一段的第二句(The researchers are planning to improve the lidar's range with a more powerful beam. )出的题，这句的意思是说，研究人员正计划采用功能更强大的光束来提高雷达的测定范围。据此可以判断，雷达尚需改进，故A为正确答案。
七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)
"Salty" Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (绿树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little
salt and store what they do absorb in cells but do not affect the plants' growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
（分数：15.00）
(1).Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?
A．They are students at Sussex University.
B．They are rice breeders.
C．They are husband and wife.
D．They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.（分数：3.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：第二段的第一句话把两位研究人员Tim Flowers和Tony Yeo的是系讲得很清楚，他们来自同一所大学Sussex University的School of Biological Sciences，故是同事。从上下文看他们不可能是学生，更不会是种水稻的；第三段的第一句里用了pair这个词，但pair不一定就是夫妻，从他们的名字看他们不同姓，而且他们的名字Tire和Tony都是男性的名字。
(2).Flowers and Yeo have started a programme
A．to find ways to prevent water pollution.
B．to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.
C．to breed rice plants that taste salty.
D．to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.（分数：3.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：本题的答案可以在第三段里找到，这段的第一句话说他们开始了一个为期三年的研究项目，目的是establish which genes enable some plants to surrive salty condition(确认啊些基因使得某些作物能在含盐的条件下生长)。这和选项B：to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil是同一个意思。
(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage? A．Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
B．The water table has gone down after droughts.
C．Sea level has been continuously rising.
D．Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.（分数：3.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：引起盐分渗入土壤的三个原因都在第四段里谈到了，第一是阻挡海水的天然屏障红树林被砍伐(A)，第二是地中海地区严重的旱灾导致水平面下降，海水渗透(B)，第三是在拉丁美洲，水分被高温蒸发后留下了盐分(D)。
(4).The word "affect" in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by
A．"influence". B．"effect".
C．"stop". D．"present".（分数：3.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：affect这个动词的意义是“影响”，和。influence是同义词，在这个上下文里可以替换用。(5).The attitude of the author towards the research project is
A．positive. B．negative.
C．suspicious. D．indifferent.（分数：3.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：四个选项的意思分别是：肯定的(positive)、否定的(negative)、有怀疑的(suspicious)、冷淡的(indifferent)，从全文看作者对他们的研究无疑是肯定的。
八、第5部分：补全短文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
Looking into the Future
Bertrand Russell, a famous philosopher, said in 1944, "The one thing the study of the past teaches us is that the future is never how people imagine it will be. "
In 1946, physicists predicted that within twenty years, most of the world's energy would be supplied by nuclear power. (46) In 1951, a famous surgeon said that he and his colleagues were confident that "by the end of the 1950s, a cure for most if not all cancers will have been found. " In 1954, an American economist predicted Americans would go on getting richer and richer. (47) . In the year 1969, an automation engineer working for Max Factor Cosmetics in Britain said that "within twenty or twenty-five years factories that today employ hundreds of workers will need only five or ten computer technicians to run them. " (48) .
In the early 1970s, there were many predictions that before the end of the century most homes in the United States, Europe and Japan would have computers in them. (49)
Long before 1980, it was predicted that instead of letting nature and luck choose their children's characteristics, people would have to decide which characteristics they wanted their children to inherit from them and previous generations in their families. (50) We may be able to have "undesirable" characteristics changed or destroyed through genetic therapy. Perhaps we may even begin to wish that Bertrand Russell was right when he said that history teaches us that the future is never like that future we imagine.
A．"By the end of the century," he said, "there will be no poverty anywhere in the country." B．If this prediction comes true, we will be faced with a much greater responsibility than ever before.
C．According to the same predictions, this would result in "an information explosion" as well as "radical and revolutionary changes in the way we work, learn, and do business. " D．When this prediction came true, more people would be killed than ever before.
E．They were certain that this would not only be "far cleaner than coal and other fossil fuels but far safer and much cheaper. "
F．He added that this "will lead to enormous social problems for unskilled manual workers in particular, who will be unable to find work. /
（分数：10.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）
解析：这篇文章的标题可译为“展望未来”。短文的主要内容是不同时期的科学家预言未来科技会有哪些发展或进展。第二段第一句的意思是，1946年物理学家们就预言，未来20年内，世界多数能源将由核能
取代。选项E的意思是：他们肯定，这种能源(核能)不仅比煤及其他化石燃料清洁而且非常安全和便宜。从逻辑上讲，这两句话的意思是讲得通的，they就指前面的physicists，故答案为E。
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）
解析：空白处前面谈的是美国会越来越富有，空白处的这句话等于对前面的句子的进一步说明或解释，故选项A为正确答案。
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）
解析：这里的He实际上就是指前面的an automation engineer，两句话的意思连起来顺畅，故选F。
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）
解析：信息爆炸当然与计算机有关，据此可以判断选项C正确。
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）
解析：本文最后一段主要谈医学方面的未来发展，人们预言未来可以改变人的性格，基因治疗方法将会帮助改变人们不想要的那些性格。此句意思可以和前面的意思连得上，所以选B。
九、第6部分：完形填空(总题数：1，分数：15.00)
The American Family
In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness (宽容) of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely (52) , and children are often allowed to do (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him (54) question, and children are encouraged to be (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to (58) their parental families by the time they have (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a (60) , a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.
（分数：15.00）
(1).A．senior B．junior C．old D．young（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：在年龄上，这是一个最普通、最常用的词。
(2).A．watched B．followed C．understood D．grasped（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：遵守一条规则，我们常说：to follow a mle。
(3).A．what B．that C．which D．when（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：what：关系代词，=the thing which。其他选项替换后得出的都是不正确的句子。
(4).A．for B．on C．without D．in（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：
(5).A．dependent B．independent C．sure D．secure（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：儿童对父母是有依赖的(dependent)，从encourage(鼓励)这个词我们可以推出independent是正确的。dependent填入后，句子在句法上没有错，但在语义上跟encourage是不协调的。
(6).A．too B．almost C．nearly D．so（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：填入so的话，句子好像没有完。
(7).A．gain B．welcome C．suit D．estimate（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：
(8).A．break up B．break into C．break through D．break away from（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：我们知道在美国文化中，孩子长大后是要离开父母的。因此D是正确的。
(9).A．reached B．come C．arrived D．developed（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：reach和come、arrive都有“到达”的意思，但是在年龄上只能用reach。
(10).A．reward B．criticism C．failure D．success（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：到了一定的年龄，还不能离开自己的父母，在美国文化中被认为是一种失败。因此C是正确的。
(11).A．events B．problems C．matters D．affairs（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：“problems”这个词在英语中也用得很多。整个句子说的是：这种独立的方式对一个很小家庭的年迈的父母常常会带来严重的问题。
(12).A．on B．up C．from D．beyond（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：
(13).A．only B．usually C．sometimes D．seldom（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：此处只能理解是讲一般的退休年龄。
(14).A．set forth B．set aside C．set up D．set down（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：
(15).A．But B．Therefore C．In contrast D．On the other hand（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：上一句话说的是：至少百分之二十六十以上的人没有足够的退休金。后一句话说的是：许多老年夫妇的主要问题不是经济上的问题。这两个句子的意思有些不协调，用But把它们联系起来就协调了。
2015职称英语综合类B级真题答案(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious
2013年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案(基本完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. Come out，or I’ll bust the door down. A shut B break C set D beat 2. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town. A naked B blind C cautious D private 3. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. A general B inflexible C complex D direct 4. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. A right B unbelievable C obvious D unclear 5. These animals migrate south annually in search of food. A explore B inhabit C prefer D travel 6. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. A send B hear C confirm D spread 7. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A found by chance B passed by C took a notice of D woke up 8. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A about B at C with D from 9. As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion. A express B divide C influence D voice 10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A taught B kept C changed D attracted 11. He paused，waiting for her to digest the information. A withhold B exchange C understand D contact 12. Make sure the table is securely anchored. A repaired B cleared C booked D fixed 13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
职称英语综合类B级真题（补全短文） 第5部分补全短文(第46-50题，每题1分，共5分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复原貌。 Saving a City’s Public Art Avoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the city’s colorful freeway murals(壁画)can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict(描述)famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world. But the combination of graffiti(涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. _____(46)in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway._____(47)The work started in 2003. So far, 16 walls have been selected and more may be added later. Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting_____(48) The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca’s “The Great Wall,” a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high)painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood, _____(49)it took eight years to complete—400 underprivileged teenagers painted the designs—and is probably the longest mural in the world. One of the murals that will be restored now is Kent Twitchell’s “Seventh Street Altarpiece.” which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. _____ (50)
职称英语综合类B级-13 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00) 1.It proved that the old woman she had been taking care of was indeed her own mother. （分数：1.00） A.turned over B.turned in C.turned down D.turned out √ 解析：prove意为“证明”，turn out意为“结果是，证明是”，意思相近。其它选项A意为“打翻”；B意为“上缴”；C 意为“把声音变小”。 2.Your hair wants cutting you'd better have it done tomorrow, （分数：1.00） A.likes B.requires C.needs √ D.desires 解析：本题句中的wants等于needs，是一种口语惯用法，后接动名词主动式表被动含义，动名词与主语之间是动宾关系。 3.The court sentenced him to death for murder. （分数：1.00） https://www.doczj.com/doc/777489858.html,wyer B.tribunal √ C.attorney D.barrister 解析：court意为“法庭”，与tribunal意思相同。其它三项均为“律师”的不同写法。 4.These goods are essentially for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market. （分数：1.00） A.basically √ https://www.doczj.com/doc/777489858.html,pletely C.necessary D.remarkably 解析：essentially意为“本质地，基本地”(=basically)。选项B． completely意为“完全地”；选项C necessarily 意为“必要地”；选项D．remark ably意为“大量地，显著地”。 5.Unfortunately, the technology employed to send men to the moon is not relevant to the solution of the problems of the inner city. （分数：1.00） A.resultant B.reliant C.responsible D.related √
2013年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及参考答案 一、词汇选项 https://www.doczj.com/doc/777489858.html,e out，or I’ll bust the door down. A shut B break C set D beat 2.The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town. A naked B blind C cautious D private 3.The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. A general B inflexible C complex D direct 4.It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. A right B unbelievable C obvious D unclear 5.These animals migrate south annually in search of food. A explore B inhabit C prefer D travel 6.Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. A send B hear C confirm D spread
7.She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A found by chance B passed by C took a notice of D woke up 8.I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A about B at C with D from 9.As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion. A express B divide C influence D voice 10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A taught B kept C changed D attracted 11. He paused，waiting for her to digest the information. A withhold B exchange C understand D contact 12. Make sure the table is securely anchored. A repaired B cleared C booked D fixed 13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk. A offensive B worried
职称英语考试综合类B类试题及答案
职称英语考试综合类(B类)试题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She was close to success. A．fast B．quick C．near D．tight 2 The two girls look alike. A．beautiful B．similar C．pretty D．attractive 3 The boy is intelligent A．clever B．naughty C．difficult D．active
4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back A．sorry B．sad C．angry D．happy 5 What is your goal in life？ A．plan B．aim C．arrangement D．idea 6 Jack is a diligent student. A．hardworking B．ambitious C．lazy D．slow 7 Mary said mildly， that she was just curious A．gently B．shyly C．weakly
8 Practically all animals communicate through sounds. A．Clearly B．Almost C．Absolutely D．Basically 9 The story was very touching. A．inspiring B．boring C．moving D．absorbing 10 I wasn't qualified for the job really, but I got it anyhow. A．somehow B．anyway C．anywhere D．somewhere 11 She was a puzzle.
2020职称英语综合类B级真题（补全短文） 第5部分补全短文(第46-50题，每题1分，共5分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复原貌。 Saving a City's Public Art Avoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the city's colorful freeway murals(壁画)can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict(描述)famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world. But the combination of graffiti(涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. _____(46)in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway. _____(47)The work started in 2003. So far, 16 walls have been selected and more may be added later. Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting_____(48) The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca's "The Great Wall," a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high)painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood, _____(49)it took eight years to complete—400 underprivileged
2015职称英语综合类B真题及答案(完整版) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.
A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious 10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than 11. The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed 12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. coexisting B. fair C. full D .pubic 13. They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.
职称英语综合类B级真题（阅读理解） 第4部分阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个选项。 第一篇Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they’re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(土生土长的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such
2008年职称英语综合类B级真题 考试时间：120 分钟考生：506321713 总分：100 分试题提供：学易网校已经有 375人做过此试卷点击收藏考试帮助一、单选题（共15题，共15.00分） 返回顶部 1、She found me very dull． A. dirty B. sleepy C. lazy D. boring 选项： A B C D 答案：D 解析： 2、The President made a brief visit to Beijing． A. short B. working C. formal D. secret 选项： A B C D 答案：A 解析： 3、He was persuaded to give up the idea． A. mention B. accept
D. drop 选项： A B C D 答案：D 解析： 4、Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day． A. eats B. drink C. buys D. produces 选项： A B C D 答案：A 解析： 5、Mary just told US a very fascinating story． A. strange B. frightening C. difficult D. interesting 选项： A B C D 答案：D 解析： 6、It's a gorgeous day anyway． A. lovely B. cold
D. rainy 选项： A B C D 答案：A 解析： 7、Her life is becoming more diverse. A. generous B. humorous C. varied D. romantic 选项： A B C D 答案：C 解析： 8、Foreign military aid was prolonging the war. A. broadening B. worsening C. extending D. accelerating 选项： A B C D 答案：C 解析： 9、She was unwilling to go but she had no choice. A. unable B. indecisive
职称英语综合类B级真题(阅读判断) 第2部分: 阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A: 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息问中没有提及，请选择C。 Living History at Jamestown Settlement A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from skin. Inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools. And all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital (数码的) cameras. This is Jamestown Settlement today. Jamestown, Virginia, was one of the first places in the world where people from Europe, America, and Africa came together in 1608. Today, it is a living history museum, where children and adults come to experience history. In a living history museum, actors wear clothes from the past and demonstrate many of the activities of daily life back then. The actors also talk to the visitors and explain everything they do. At aLiving History museum, there are always many things to touch, hear ,and smell Visitors at Jamestown Settlement can walk through copies of the three small sailing ships that carried colonists to Virginia and even lie down in a colonist’s bed. The colonists stayed on the crowed, dangerous ships for more than four months. When they got to Virginia they built an area of houses with a high wall around it in today’s fort(堡垒)，you can see houses, a church, and even a garden with foods that the colonists ate. Women in long dresses work inside their homes, and visitors can help them with their sewing and cooking. There is also an Indian Village at Jamestown Settlement, and it looks very different
2017年职称英语考试试卷及答案－综合类（B级） 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 she found me very dull A dirty B sleepy C lazy D boring 2 The President made a brief visit to Beijing A short B working C formal D secret 3 He was persuaded to give up the idea A mention B accept C consider D drop 4 Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day A eats B drinks C buys D produces 5 Mary just told us a very fascinating story A strange B frightening C difficult D interesting 6 It's a gorgeous day anyway A lovely B cold C normal D rainy 7 Her life is becoming more diverse A generous B humorous C varied D romantic 8 Foreign military aid was prolonging the war A broadening B worsening C extending D accelerating 9 She was unwilling to go but she had no choice. A unable B Indecisive C ready D reluctant
2014年职称英语综合类B级词汇选项模拟题（6） 1. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts. A) very strong B) very long C) very great D) very fast 2. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte. A) elegantly B) genuinely C) intentionally D) thoroughly 3. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European A) stated firmly B) argued light-mindedly C) thought seriously D) announced regrettably 4. Smoking is not permitted in the office. A) probable B) possible C) admitted D) allowed 5. The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting. A) stated B) declared C) suggested D) announced 6. I feel regret about what’s happened. A) sorry B) disappointed C) shameful D) disheartened 7. She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis. A) lived on B) depended on C) lived off D) believed in 8. John removed his overcoat. A) took Away B) left aside C) took off D) washed off 9.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children. A) an easy B) a playful C) an open D) a better 10. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance. A) beats B) matches C) maintains D) announces 11. The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.
2012年职称英语试题综合类（B级）试卷及答案 第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题-1分；共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. We need to extract the relevant flnancial data. A. store B. obtain C. save D. review 2. His shoes were shined to perfection. A. cleared B. polished C. washed D. mended 3. She always finds fault with everything. . A. simplifies B. evaluates C. criticizes D. Examines 4. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work.to do A. doubting B. thinking C. saying D. Knowing 5. They converted the spare bedroom into an office. A. reduced B. moved C. reformed D. turned. 6. Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year A. held B. increased C. expected D. offered 7. We have to act within the existing legal framework A. limit C. status B. procedure D. system 8. Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours A. spend C. stand B. take D. last 9. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened A. give B. attach C. understand D. lose 10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. A. general C. strong B. traditional
职称英语综合类B级真题(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She’s extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious 10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than