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100所名校高考模拟金典卷二

100所名校高考模拟金典卷二
100所名校高考模拟金典卷二

100所名校高考模拟金典卷·文科综合卷(二)

第Ⅰ卷 (选择题共140分)

本卷共35个小题,每小题4分,共140分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

广西、贵州两省区是我国西电东送南部通道的电力主要输出区,但广西2011年开始出现用电紧张、需要向其他省区购电的困局。据预测,整个“十二五”期间,广西电力供应形势都非常严峻。与其对比明显的是,贵州并没有这么大的供电压力。完成1~2题。1.与广西相比,目前贵州供电压力不大的主要原因是

A.贵州第三产业相对发达,用电量少B.贵州产业结构以轻工业为主

C.贵州有丰富的煤炭资源,火力发电量较大 D.贵州水能资源更丰富,开发更充分2.西电东送困局的出现,对珠江三角洲地区冲击最大的产业是

A.钢铁、石化工业 B.园艺业、乳畜业

C.旅游业、商业 D.服装制造、电子产业

雪线是指多年积雪区和季节积雪区的界线,雪线处的年降雪量等于年消融量。林线是划分高山区景观类型的一条重要生态界线。读垂直分异与纬度地带分异的关系图,完成3~4题。

3.图中显示的山地位于

A.热带地区 B.亚热带地区C.温带地区 D.亚寒带地区4.随着人类排放的二氧化碳的增加和森林面积的减少,中纬度地区的雪线和林线的海拔变化将是

A.雪线上升,林线上升 B.雪线下降,林线下降

C.雪线上升,林线下降 D.雪线下降,林线上升

读世界某区域图(图中10℃等温线表示7月份月平均气温),完成5~6题。

5.若北京时间某日18时有人在10℃等温线纬度最高点看到太阳位于地平线上,则该日北京

A.昼短夜长 B.正午太阳高度达一年中最大值

C.昼长夜短 D.正午太阳高度达一年中最小值

6.10℃等温线在N地附近向较低纬度弯曲的原因是该海区

A.盛行西南风,受暖湿气流影响大,气温较高

B.受副热带高压北移的影响,降水少,气温较高

C.盛行西北季风,寒潮势力强,气温较低

D.有寒流经过,降温作用明显,气温较低

读我国某地气候统计图,完成7~8题。

7.该地最有可能位于

A.贵高原B.河西走廊 C.长江中下游平原 D.东北平原8.下列关于该地的叙述,正确的是

A.植被为亚热带落叶阔叶林 B.地表呈现千沟万壑的景观

C.喀斯特地貌广布,滑坡频发 D.昼夜温差较大,光照充足

2012年3月29日,金砖国家领导人第四次会晤在印度首都新德里举行。本次会晤的主题是“金砖国家致力于稳定、安全和繁荣的伙伴关系”。读金砖五国部分经济社会数据比较表,完成9~11题。

项目巴西中国印度俄罗斯南非国土面积(万平方公里) 852 960 329 1710 122 人口(万) 19070 133787 118211 14191 4999 城市人口(万) 16090 62186 35306 10371 2932 60及60岁以上(万) 2064 16714 8358 2519 380

性别比(女性一100) 96.9 105.9 缺86.1 94.8 人均GDP(美元) 10814 4394 1115 8614 7264

谷物产量(万吨) 6845 49700 20361 6100 缺

9.下列关于金砖五国的叙述,正确的是

①人口密度最大的是中国②城市化水平最高的是巴西③人口老龄化最严重的是俄罗斯④G DP规模最大的是巴西

A.①② B.③④ C.②③ D.①④

10.中国与其他金砖国家的性别比存在明显的差异。下列因素中,对其影响最大的是

A.传统观念 B.生育政策 C.居民收入D.自然环境

11.除南非外,其他金砖国家都是重要的谷物(包括大米、小麦、玉米、小米等)生产国。下列关于这些国家谷物生产条件的叙述,正确的是

A.中国的机械化水平最高 B.俄罗斯的耕地面积最大

C.印度的农业劳动力最多 D.巴西的粮食需求量最大

第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题共160分)

本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。第36题~第41题为必考题。每个试题考生都必须作答。第42题~第48题为选考题,考生根据要求作答.

(一)必考题(6题,共135分)

36.(25分)阅读图文资料,完成下列要求。

材料一河南是目前全国最大的肉类食品、速冻食品、方便面、饼干、调味品生产加工基地,拥有“双汇”“思念”“三全”等众多知名品牌,其速冻食品更占据了全国60%的市场。随着食品加工技术的不断升级和产品更新,河南已从“中国粮仓”变成了“国人厨房”。

材料二河南省是南水北调中线工程干线最长、占地最多、移民征迁任务最重、投资最大、计划用水量最大的省份。下图示意河南省相关信息。

(1)简述河南省的地形特征。(6分)

(2)从社会经济的角度分析河南省发展食品加工业的区位优势。(10分)

(3)分析南水北调中线工程建设对河南省产生的有利影响。(9分)

37.(21分)年径流深度是指全年的径流总量平铺在整个流域面积上所求得的水层深度。读世界不同地区年平均径流深度分布示意图,完成下列要求。

(1)分纬度描述世界年平均径流深度的总体分布规律。(12分)

(2)从图中A、B两地任选一个区域,说明该区域相对于同纬度其他地区径流深度的特点,并分析原因。(9分)

(二)选考题(共25分)

请考生在第42、43、44三道地理题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分。作答时请写清题号。

42.(10分)旅游地理

读北京某景点客源情况变化图,完成下列要求。

(1)说明该景点客源变化的特点。(4分)

(2)试对北京旅游业可持续发展提出几点合理化建议。(6分)

43.(10分)自然灾害与防治

日本是世界上最发达的国家之一,生态保护良好但地质灾害多发。据此完成下列要求。

(1)试分析日本滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害多发的原因。(6分)

(2)指出日本抵御滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害的有利条件。(4分)

44.(10分)环境保护

读华北某地水环境功能分区示意图,完成下列要求。

(1)该地规划在甲、乙、丙、丁四处选一处建垃圾发电厂,请提出你的选择意见并说明理由。(6分)

(2)简述自然保护区建设对图示地区的意义。(4分)

参考答案:

1.C 贵州有“西南煤海”之称,煤炭资源丰富,火力发电量较大。

2.A 钢铁、石化工业消耗电力多,电力供应短缺对其影响最大。

3.C 由于图中山麓阔叶林带向上为针叶林带,因此该自然带为落叶落时林带,其对应的地区为温带地区。4.A随着人类排放的二氧化碳的增加和森林面积的减少,全球气候变暖,冰雪融化加速,雪线上升;山地热量条件改善,森林可以在更高的山坡生长,林线上升。

5.A 10℃等温线纬度最高点位于30°E,北京时间18时时该地地方时为12时,由正午时太阳高度为O°可知该地(70°N)刚好出现极夜现象,故北半球昼短夜长。

6.D 由N地等温线向低纬凸出可知.该地气温较同纬度两侧低。该地地处加拿大东部海域,受拉布拉多寒流的影响较大,降温作用明显。

7.B 由于该地终年降水稀少,所以最有可能位于河西走廊。

8.D 河西走廊为温带大陆性气候,植被以温带草原和温带荒漠为主;在我国,千沟万壑的景观主要出现在黄土高原,喀斯特地貌主要分布在云贵高原。

9.C 根据表中数据可知,人口密度(人口/国土面积)最大的是印度,GDP(人均GDP/人口)规模最大的是中国。

10.A 受“不孝有三,无后为大”“养儿防老”等传统观念的影响,我国的性别比偏高。

11.C 印度的非城市入口最多,且年龄结构较年轻,因此印度的农业劳动力最多;印度、俄罗斯、中国、巴西四国中,印度的耕地面积最大;由于我国农业劳动力较多,使得我国的机械化水平较低;与中国、印度相比,巴西粮食需求量较小。

36.(1)地势西高东低,东部地形以平原为主,西部主要分布着山地丘陵。(6分)

(2)地处我国农业(小麦)主产区,原料充足;铁路干线连接南北、贯通东西,交通便利;人口众多,劳动力丰富;食品加工技术较先进;市场广阔。(10分)

(3)南水北调巨大的投资,促进相关产业的发展;促进劳动力就业,拉动河南省经济增长;提供充足的水资源,改善河南省的生态环境等。(9分)

37.(1)总体上赤道附近地区径流深度较大,大多在1000 mm以上;回归线附近的副热带地区径流深度较小,多在50 mm以下,但在大陆东部径流深度较大;中纬度地区径流深度由沿海向内陆递减;高纬度地区大部分在50~400 mm之间。(合理即可,12分)

(2)A区域:平均径流深度较小,仅50~200 mm。原因:该地受高原地形的影响形成热带草原气候,年降水量较少而蒸发旺盛,地表径流少,因而平均径流深度小。(或B区域:平均径流深度大,在1000mm以上。

原因:临近海洋,地处盛行西风的迎风坡,降水丰沛,气温较低,蒸发弱,河流流量丰富,所以平均径流深度大。)(9分)

42。(1)游客总量持续不断增长,其中以国外游客增长为主;国外游客占游客总量的比重不断上升,并占主导地位。(4分)

(2)加强旅游资源保护(如立法保护);提高管理水平,适度控制游客数量;提高公众环保意识(加强环境保护);开展生态旅游和绿色旅游等。(任答三点,6分)

43.(1)地处板块的交界地带,地壳运动活跃,岩石破碎;多山地,地形崎岖;降水量大且多暴雨。(6分) (2)经济技术发达,防灾经验丰富,防灾措施得力;植被覆盖率高(生态环境良好)。(4分)

44.(1)乙处建垃圾发电厂。(2分)理由:该地主导风向是夏季东南风、冬季西北风,厂址位于市区主导风向相垂直的郊外,减轻市区大气污染;乙地位于两城市之间,便于垃圾的就近运输。(4分)

(2)保持水土,涵养水源,有利于提高水质,减轻旱涝灾害的危害;维护生物多样性等。(4分)

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A.Brazil. B.Denmark. C. Greece. 第二节 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。 6.When does the supermarket close on Sundays? A.At 5:00 pm. B.At 7:00 pm. C. At 8:00 pm. 7.What have the two speakers decided to do now? A.Go shopping. B.Take a walk. C.Have dinner 听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。 8.Why does the man make the call? A.To make a booking. B.To make a suggestion. C.To make an appointment. 9.When will the man return from London? A.On March 10. B. On March 12. C. On March 22.

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