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2010《财经法规与会计职业道德》真题2

2010《财经法规与会计职业道德》真题2
2010《财经法规与会计职业道德》真题2

2010会计从业资格考试《财经法规与会计职业道德》真题2

试卷

一、单项选择题(将下列各题中唯一一个符合题意的正确答案用英文大写字母填入括号内。每小题1 分,共15分。不选、错选或多选,该小题均不得分)

1. 根据《中华人民共和国会计法》的规定,我国是以()为一个会计年度。

A.开始生产经营之日起至下一年的此日

B.每年公历1月1日起至12月31日止

C.领取限营业执照之日起至下一年的此日

D.申报税务登记之日起至下一年的此日

2.根据《会计档案管理办法》的规定,会计档案的保管期限为永久、定期两类。会计档案的定期保管期限最长的为()。

A.30年

B.20年

C.10年

D.25年

3.会计机构、会计人员对违反国家统一的会计制度规定的会计事项()。

A.没权拒绝办理

B.应当向单位领导人提出书面意见,请求处理

C.应当向主管单位或者财政、审计、税务机关报告

D.按照职权予以纠正

4. 因违法违纪行为被吊销会计从业资格证书的人员,自被吊销会计从业资格证书之日起()内,不得重新取得会计从业资格证书。

A.一年

B.两年

C.五年

D.三年

5. 银行汇票的提示付款期限为自出票日起()。

A.15日

B.20日

C.1个月

D.3个月

6. 下列各项中,不符合票据和结算凭证填写要求的是()。

A.票据的出票日期使用阿拉伯数字填写

B.中文大写金额数字书写中使用繁体字

C.阿拉伯小写金额数字前面,均应填写人民币符号

D.将出票日期2月12日写成零贰月壹拾贰日

7. 持票人对票据的出票人和承兑人的权利,自票据到期日起()。

A.6个月

B.1年

C.2年

D.5年

8.符合开立一般存款账户、其他专用存款账户和个人银行结算账户条件的,银行办理开户手续,并于开户之日起()个工作日内向中国人民银行当地分支行备案。

A.3

B.5

C.7

D.10

9.按照规定不需要在工商行政管理机关办理注销登记的纳税人,应当向原税务登记机关申报办理注销税务登记,其时间限制为()。

A.自有关机关税务机关批准或者宣告终止之日起15日内

B.自有关机关税务机关批准或者宣告终止之日起30日内

C.自有关机关税务机关批准或者宣告终止之日起60日内

D.自有关机关税务机关批准或者宣告终止之日起90日内

10.对会计制度健全,会计核算准确真实、纳税意识较强,并设有专门办税人员的纳税人,税务机关应当采限的税款征收方式为()。

A.查账征收

B.查定征收

C.查验征收

D.定期定额征收

11.根据我国《税收征管法》的规定,从事生产、经营的纳税人,税务登记内容发生变化的,应当自工商行政管理机关办理变更登记之日起()内,向原税务机关申报办理变更税务登记。

A.10天

B.15天

C.30天

D.60天

12. 下列关于增值税专用发票开具要求,表述不正确的是()。

A.项目填写齐全,各项目内容正确无误

B.不得开具伪造的专用发票

C.字迹清楚,可以涂改

D.不得超面额开具专用发票

13. 以未经审核的会计凭证为依据登记账簿的是()。

A.违反单位会计监督规则的行为

B.违反单位会计人员的任用要求的行为

C.违反单位会计核算规则的行为

D.伪造、变造凭证、账簿和报表的行为

14.会计职业道德包括他律和自律两个方面,自律是以()为核心,侧重于()的职业行为。

A.会计职业责任和义务防范会计人员的不正当

B.职业良心和职业精神倡导会计从业人员应当自觉遵循

C.职业良心和职业精神防范会计人员的不正当

D.会计职业责任和义务倡导会计从业人员应当自觉遵循

15.古训“执事敬”和“业精于勤,荒于嬉”,体现了会计职业道德规范中的()。

A.提高技能

B.客观公正

C.坚持准则

D.爱岗敬业

二、多项选择题(每小题有两个或两个以上的正确答案,请将选定的答案用英文大写字母填入括号内。每小题1.5分,共15分。多选、少选、错选或不选均不得分)

1.根据《会计档案管理办法》的规定,在对保管期满的会计档案进行整理以备销毁时,()不得销毁。

A.未结清的债权债务原始凭证

B.正在建设期间的建设单位会计档案

C.超过会计档案保管期限但尚未报废的固定资产购买凭证

D.所有会计报表类档案

2. 根据《会计基础工作规范》的规定,单位负责人的直系亲属不得担任本单位的()。

A.会计机构负责人

B.会计主管人员

C.会计

D.出纳

3. 根据《代理记账管理办法》的规定,设立代理记账机构,除国家法律、行政法规另有规定外,还应符合的条件包括()。

A.三名以上持有会计从业资格证书的专职从业人员

B.主管代理记账业务的负责人具有会计师以上专业技术职务资格

C.有固定的办公场所

D.有健全的代理记账业务规范和财务会计管理制度

4. 根据《人民币银行结算账户管理办法》的规定,下列各项中,可以申请开立基本存款账户的有()。

A.机关、事业单位

B.社会团体

C.个体工商户

D.居民委员会、村民委员会、社区委员会

5. 根据《人民币银行结算账户管理办法》的规定,存款人有下列情况的,可以申请开立临时存款账户()。

A.设立临时机构

B.异地临时经营活动

C.党、团、工会设在单位的组织机构经费

D.注册验资

6. 下列关于票据特征的表述中,正确的有()。

A.票据是出票人依法签发的有价证券

B.票据以支付一定金额为目的

C.票据所表示的权利与票据不可分离

D.票据所记载的金额由出票人自行支付

7. 增值税专用发票的联次包括()。

A.存根联

B.发票联

C.记账联

D.抵扣联

8. 下列关于发票使用的廉洁正确的有()。

A.任何单位和个人不得转借、转让、代开发票

B.未经税务机关批准,不得拆本使用发票

C.不得自行扩大专业发票使用范围

D.使用电子计算机开具发票,必须报主管税务机关批准

9.廉洁自律的基本要求可以概述为()。

A.保持会计人员从业的独立性

B.公私分明,不贪不占

C.遵纪守法,抵制行业不正之风

D.重视会计职业道德声望

10. 会计职业道德与会计法律制度的联系主要体现在()。

A.实施过程中相互作用、相互促进

B.两者有着共同目标、相同的调整对象

C.两者在作用上互相补充

D.两者在内容上相互渗透、相互重叠

三、判断题(对的在括号内打“√”,错的打“×”,每小题1分,共10分。不答、错答不得分也不扣分)

1.会计工作的社会监督,主要是指由注册会计师及其所在的会计师事务所依法对受托单位的经济活动进行审计、鉴证的一种监督制度。()

2.担任单位会计机构负责人的,除取得会计从业资格外,还应具备会计师以上专业技术职务资格或从事会计工作两年以上经历。()

3.财政部门及有关行政部门的工作人员在实施监督管理中滥用职权,玩忽职守、营私舞弊或泄露国家秘密、商业秘密构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。()

4. 根据规定,银行可以为任何单位或者个人查询账户情况,但不得为任何单位或者个人冻结、扣划款项,不得停止单位、个人存款的正常支付。()

5.根据《人民币银行结算账户管理办法》的有关规定,单位的法定代表人或主要负责人、住址及其他开户资料发生变更时,应于3个工作日书面通知开户银行并提供有关证明。()

6.纳税人停业期满未按期复业的,税务机关应当视为已恢复营业,实施正常的税收征收管理。()

7.有些情况下,对外发生经营业务收取款项时由付款方向收款方开具发票。()

8.根据规定,会计工作岗位可以一人一岗、一岗多人,但不得一人多岗。()

9.由于高级会计师资格的取得是采取考试与评审相结合的方式,因此有必要在考试和评审两个方面对其会计职业道德进行检查。()

10.“人无诚信不立,事无诚信不成,国无诚信不威”。诚实守信是中华民族的传统美德,是会计职业道德的根本。()

四、简答题(每小题9分,共18分)

1.目前,我国会计法规体系以什么为主体?会计法规体系由哪四个层次构成?并请分别阐述各个层次的具体含义。

2.根据《正确填写票据和结算凭证的基本规定》的规定,银行、单位和个人填写票据和结算凭证时,具体应符合哪些基本要求?

五、案例分析题(本题共计42分)

1.申海公司是一家国有上公司,2009年内,发生以下事项:

(1)5月,公司档案管理部门会同财务部门对保管期已满的会计档案编制销毁清册和销毁意见,报请公司负责人批准后,财务部门指定会计刘某负责监销及会计档案保管员张某进行销毁,张某在刘某在场的情况下将该批会计档案销毁。

(2)6月,公司采购员吴某拿了几张销售方开具的增值税专用发票去财务部门报账,这些发票是最新印制的。会计孙某检查了发票,对吴某说:“从发票上看不到发红光的僵统一发票监制章,这必张发票的伪造的。”于是,吴某便与销售方联系,对方回答说发票是真的。

(3)8月,因家里急需用钱,出纳李某将收到的下脚料销售款8000元寄回家,没有及时将发票交给会计入账,李某打算下个月初将此笔款项还给公司再入账。

要求:根据上述资料,请回答下列问题:(本题10分)

(1)5月,申海公司销毁会计档案的程序符合规定吗?为什么?

(2)会计孙某认定采购员吴某所持的发票是伪造的,请问这一判断的依据正确吗?为什么?

(3)请问出纳李某私自将公司的销售款寄回家的行为属于挪用公款吗?并请分析此案带给我们的启示。

2.天星公司是一家生产冰箱的上市公司,按照相关法律法规交纳企业所得税,经营地与注册地不在同一行政区域。根据董事会议的决定,公司需要派专人在邻省临时进行经营活动。为了便于款项的支付,天星公司到邻省一家工商银行的分行去开立基本存款账户,对方以出具的证明文件不符合规定为由拒绝了天星公司的申请。此时,天星公司在邻省急需向南创公司购买一批原材料,南创公司是天星公司的异地原材料供应商,由于之前双方没有合作过,南创公司不愿赊销。于是,2010年5月8日,天星公司本部的采购员王某持由公司开户银行签发的、注明“现金”字

样的银行汇票一张,前往南创公司采购原材料。在去往南狼子野心公司的途中,因保管不慎,王某丢失了装有银行汇票的提包。王某立刻向公司汇报丢失汇票的情况,随后,天星公司将银行汇票遗失情况通知该银行汇票的付款银行,要求挂失止付。

根据上述资料,试分析回答下列问题:(本题11分)

(1)按照相关规定,天星公司在邻省申请开立基本存款账户时,应向银行出具哪些证明文件?

(2)什么是挂失止付?天星公司是否可以采取挂失止付的形式进行补救,为什么?

(3)挂失止付是天星公司丧失票据后必须采取的措施吗?如果不是,请列出其他的补救形式,并请叙述其他补救形式的概念。

3.甲公司是我国境内的一家外商投资公司,于2006年办理了税务登记。2009年,甲公司发生了如下事项:(本题9分)

(1)甲公司是一家集团公司的子公司,该集团公司为所属子公司统一配备了ERP软件,该软件以德语为文字界面。于是,甲公司进行会计核算时,只使用德语记载经济业务发生情况和辅助说明会计数字所体现的经济内涵。

(2)6月,甲公司为了减少企业所得税支出,公司负责人薛某要求会计人员赵某变更了处于正常使用状态的设备折旧的计提方法,于是,赵某采用双倍余额递减法代替了原本的平均年限法,该设备累计折旧年限为十五年,已投入使用了三年,折旧方法的改变使公司当年的税前利润减少了600000元,达到了少缴税的目的。

(3)公司经营业绩好,准备扩大业务范围和规模。由于扩建涉及到十分复杂的拆迁和土地购买问题,7月,甲公司经营地点发生了变动,但变动后所在地的主管税务机关仍是原主管税务机关。

要求:根据上述资料,请回答下列问题

(1)甲公司是否正确使用会计记录文字进行业务处理?请说明理由。

(2)根据《中华人民共和国会计法》的规定,可对公司负责人薛某处以多少金额的罚款?并请指出会计人员赵某具体的违法行为。

(3)根据相关规定,甲公司应当办理变更税务登记吗?并请阐述变更税务登记的范围。

4.红河公司是广东省的一家小企业,属于生产规模小、账册不健全、财务管理和会计核算水平较低、产品零星、税源分散的纳税人。2010年,国内经济复苏,红河公司利润得到了大幅

度提升。但由于信誉良好的长期客户仍未挽回因金额危机带来的损失,为了维持与客户间的合作关系,红河公司决定延长赊销期限,允许他们明年或后年支付货款,故而,今年的利润中包含了许多应收账款。

会计吴某,今年35岁,仍是助理会计师,平时下班后喜欢和朋友吃吃喝喝,言谈中透露他的想法:在小企业,做账很简单,不需要多高深的学问。财务部门的其他同事或多或少也受到他的影响。由于企业今年业绩好,业务量大,财务部门处理的经济业务量和类型也大增,吴某和同事们处理经济业务时,发生了许多错误,被审计部门罚了许多款。

红河公司财务管理水平较低,尽管利润多,但其中有很多款项没到账,公司全年的货币资金支付相对比较紧张,又因账簿记录错误而交了许多罚款,于是,公司决定以交罚款为理由,欠缴税款。

根据上述资料,试分析回答下列问题:(本题12分)

(1)红河公司适合哪一种税款征收方式?并请阐述该种税款征收方式的概念。

(2)根据上述材料分析,你认为吴某违反了会计职业道德基本内容中的哪一条?并具体说明该条的含义和基本要求。

(3)红河公司以交罚款为理由,欠缴税款的决定符合相关规定吗?为什么?

一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共15分)

BDDCCACBAACCCBD

二、多项选择题(每小题1.5分,共15分)

ABC AB ABCD ABCD ABD ABC ABCD ABCD BCD ABCD

三、判断题(每小题1分,共10分)

× × √ × × × √ × √ √

四、简答题(共2小题,每小题9分,共18分)

1.目前,我国的会计法规体系基本形成了以《会计法》为主体的比较完整的会计法规体系(1分),主要包括四个层次,即会计法律(0.5分)、会计行政法规(0.5分)、国家统一的会计制度(0.5分)和地方性会计法规(0.5分)。其含义分别如下:

(1)会计法律,是指由全国人民代表大会及其常委会经过一定立法程序制定的有关会计工作的法律,是调整我国经济生活中会计关系的法律总规范。(1分)。

(2)会计行政法规,是指国务院制定发布或者国务院有关部门拟定、经国务院批准发布,调整经济生活中某些方面会计关系的法律规范。(2分)

(3)国家统一的会计制度,是指国务院财政部门根据《会计法》制定的关于会计核算、会计监督、会计机构和会计人员以及会计工作的管理的制度,包括规章和规范性文件。(2分)

(4)地方性会计法规,是指省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会在与宪法、法律和行政法规不相抵触的前提下,根据本地区情况制定、发布的会计规范性文件。(1分)

2.根据《正确填写票据和结算凭证的基本规定》的规定,银行、单位和个人填写票据和结算凭证,必须做到标准化、规范化,具体应符合以下基本要求:

(1)中文大写金额数字应用正楷或行书填写,也可使用繁体字书写,但不得自造简化字。(1分)

(2)中文大写金额数字到“元”为止的,在“元”之后,应写“整”(或“正”)字,在“角”之后可以不写“整”(或“正”)字。大写金额数字有“分”的,“分”后面不写“整”(或“正”)字。(1分)

(3)中文大写数字前应表明“人民币”字样,大写金额数字应紧接“人民币”字样填写,不得留有空白。在票据和结算凭证大写金额栏内不得预印固定的“仟、佰、拾、万、仟、佰、拾、元、角、分”字样。(2分)

(4)阿拉伯小写金额数字中有“0”时,中文大写应按照汉语语音规律、金额数字构成和防止涂改的要求进行书写;阿拉伯数字中间有“0”时,中文大写金额要写“零”字;阿拉伯数字中间连续有几个“0”时,中文大写金额中间可以只写一个“零”字;阿拉伯金额数字万位或元位是“0”,或者数字中间连续有几个“0”,万位、元位也是“0”,但千位、角位不是“0”时,中文大写金额中可以只写一个“零”字,也可以不写“零”字;阿拉伯金额数字角位是“0”,而分位不是“0”时,中文大写金额“元”后面应写“零”字。(2分)

(5)阿拉伯小写金额数字前面,均应填写人民币符号“¥”,阿拉伯小写金额数字要认真填写,不得连写分辨不清。(1分)

(6)票据的出票日期必须使用中文大写。为防止变造票据的出票日期,在填写月、日时,月为壹、贰和壹拾的,日为壹至玖和壹拾、贰拾和叁拾的,应在其前加“零”;日为拾壹至拾玖的,应在其前面加“壹”。(1分)

(7)票据出票日期使用小写填写的,银行不予受理。大写日期未按要求规范填写的,银行可予受理,但由此造成损失的,由出票人自行承担。(1分)

五、案例分析题(本题共计42分)

(1)申海公司销毁会计档案的程序没有完全符合规定(1分)。张某销毁会计档案时,应当由公司档案管理部门和财务部门共同派出的人员监销,而不应该只有刘某在场的情况下将会计档案销毁。(2分)

(2)会计孙某认定吴某所持的发票是伪造的,这一判断的依据不正确(1分)。因为2000年以后的增值税专用发票的三项防伪标记为:①专用发票发票联和抵扣联使用带防伪图案的水印专用纸印刷。②发票联、抵扣联“XX增值税专用发票”字样下端的双实线由微缩字母组成,其中上线为“XX增值税专用发票”等汉字的汉语拼音声母缩写,下线为“国家税务总局监制”等汉字的汉语拼音声母缩写。发票监制章的内圆线由多组“国家税务总局监制”等汉语拼音声母缩写组成,即“GJSHWZJJZH”。通过高倍放大镜可以清晰的看到。③发票号码采用异型字体印刷。孙某的判断依据属于2000年以前的增值税专用发票的防伪特征,故不正确。(3分)

(3)出纳李某私自将公司的销售款寄回家的行为属于挪用公款(1分)。本案例给我们的启示是:①切实加强财务基础管理工作,建立健全内部控制制度。②对于财务人员,要定期对其政治素质和业务素质进行培训,以提高他们的从业素质。(2分)

案例分析题2. (本题11分)

(1)天星公司是一家生产冰箱且按规定纳税的上市公司,属于企业法人,且属于从事生产、经营活动的纳税人,应出具企业法人营业执照正本及税务部门颁发的税务登记证(2分)。由于天星公司的经营地与注册地不在同一行政区域,还需出具注册地中国人民银行分支行的未开立基本存款账户的证明。(1分)

(2)①挂失止付是指失票人将丧失票据的情况通知付款人或代理付款人,由接受通知的付款人或代理付款人审查后暂停支付的一种方式。(1分)

②天星公司可以采取挂失止付的形式进行补救(1分)。因为王某丢失的银行汇票是填明“现金“字样的银行汇票,有确定的付款人或代理付款人,因此可以进行挂失止付。(1分)

(3)挂失止付不是天星公司票据丧失后采取的必经措施,而只是一种暂时的预防措施,最终要通过申请公示催告或提起普通诉讼。(1分)

①公示催告,是指在票据丧失后由失票人向人民法院提出申请,请示人民法院以公告方式通知不确定的利害关系人限期申报权利,逾期未申报者,则权利失效,而由法院通过除权判决宣告所丧失的票据无效的一种制度或程序。(2分)

②普通诉讼,是指丧失票据的人为原告,以承兑人或出票人为被告,请示法院判决其向失票人付款的诉讼活动,如果与票据上的权利有利害关系的人是明确的,无须公示催告,可按一般的票据纠纷向法院提起诉讼。(2分)

(1)甲公司没有正确使用会计记录文字进行业务处理(1分)。根据规定,会计记录的文字应当使用中文,在中国境内设立的外商投资企业的会计记录文字可以同时使用一种外国文字。因此,甲公司必须使用中文进行会计核算,但可以同时使用一种外国文字,而不能只以德文为唯一的会计记录文字。(1分)

(2)①根据《中华人民共和国会计法》第四十二条的规定,对随意变更会计处理方法的单位,对其直接负责的主管人员和其他责任人员,可以处两千元以上两万元以下的罚款,因此,可对甲公司负责人薛某处以两千元以上两万元以下的罚款。(2分)

②会计人员赵某随意变更了会计处理方法,这是一种违反会计制度规定应承担法律责任的行为。(1分)

(3)甲公司应当办理变更税务登记。

纳税人办理税务登记后,发生下列情形之一,应当办理变更税务登记:发生改变名称、改变法定代表人、改变经济性质或经济类型、改变住所和经营地点(不涉及主管税务机关变动的)、改变生产经营或经营方式、增减注册资金(资本)、改变隶属关系、改变生产经营期限、改变或增减银行账号、改变经营权属以及改变其他税务登记内容的。(4分)

案例分析题4.(本题12分)

(1)红河公司适合查定征收的税款征收方式(1分)。查定征收是由税务机关根据纳税人的从业人员、生产设备、耗用原材料等情况,在正常生产经营条件下,对其生产的应税产品查实核定产量和销售额,然后依照税法规定的税率征收的一种税款征收方式。(2分)

(2)吴某违反了职业道德规范中的提高技能(1分)。提高技能的含义:提高技能是指会计人员通过学习、培训等手段提高职业技能,以达到足够的专业胜任能力的活动(2分)。提高技能的基本要求:提高技能要求会计人员增强提高专业技能的自觉性和紧迫感,勤学苦练、刻苦钻研,不断进取,提高业务水平。(2分)

(3)红河公司以交罚款为理由,欠缴税款的决定不符合相关规定(2分)。根据《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》第四十五条规定,纳税人欠缴税款,同时又被税务机关以外的其他行政部门处以罚款、没收非法所得的,税款优先于罚款、没收非法所得。因此,红河公司不得以交罚金为理由,欠缴税款。(2分)

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