金山区2018学年第二学期质量监控
高三英语试卷
2019.04 考生注意:
1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写( 非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a shop. B. In a car.
C. In a plane.
D. On a farm.
2. A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Trainer and trainee.
C. Customer and travel agent.
D. Sailor and tourist.
3. A.S2. B.$15. C.$3. D. $3.5.
4. A.A travel agency. B. Sales strategies.
C. A job opportunity.
D. Tour news.
5. A. She is very busy.
B. She dislikes parties.
C. She has an invitation already.
D. She questions the man's purpose.
6. A. The club members aren't available.
B. The Internet doesn't work.
C. She doesn't have time to do it.
D. The email hasn't been ready.
7. A. She is going to miss her first class.
B. She prefers going to the dentist later in the day.
C. The man will be back before his first class.
D. The man might sleep late and miss his appointment.
8. A. She could help the man a lot.
B. She's never been to the city.
C. She knows the city very well.
D. She doesn't remember much about the city.
9. A. He was sorry for the woman's absence.
B. He was happy about the woman's absence.
C. He suggested the woman bring her daughter.
D. He suggested the woman visit the university,
10. A. The man forgot to go to the cinema with the woman.
B. Both of the speakers enjoyed the film.
C. An exciting film will be on next week.
D. The woman was interested in exploring space.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a logger conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Their project has lasted for a year.
B. . Their project is a part of their research.
C. They were born and bred in New York.
D. They liked to talk to strangers when young.
12. A.Ambitious. B. Difficult.
C. Creative.
D. Well-prepared.
13. A. Two psychologists conduct field research on New York streets.
B. Two young men listen to people and give them their suggestions.
C. Two psychologists help solve people's problems with what they learn.
D. Two young people encourage people to talk to them, believing it can help.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates are middle children.
B. Competitive and flexible personalities decide their success
C. They share the idealistic personalities and pursue perfection
D. Their sensitivity to the surroundings leads to their achievement
15. A. Scientists. B. Chief executive officials.
C. Artists.
D. Classical music players.
16. A. Family size plays a part.
B. Birth order affects personality.
C. Birth order influences career paths.
D. How people achieve their success.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Because of their durability.
B. Because they are symbols of status.
C. Because of the trend in fashion.
D. Because they look quite appealing.
18. A. The man was the creator of jeans.
B. The man applied for a patent for jeans.
C. Levi's led to the popularity of jeans.
D. Levi's led to a flood of fake products.
19. A. They are durable and wash easily.
B. They appear on sex and violence ads.
C. They win the favor of many women liberalists.
D. They are influenced by cowboy style and rebellious spirit.
20. A. The advantages of jeans.
B. The culture of western America.
C. The history of jeans.
D. The change of jeans.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Time to Learn How to Sort
Whatever we don't want- -no matter whether it's eggshells, newspapers, soda cans or old socks--it's. all garbage. And garbage goes to the garbage bin. There seems to be (21)________ wrong with that.But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?
China (22)________ (promote) garbage sorting for over a decade, but for the majority of the public the concept hasn't sunk in. Shen Zhen issued a new regulation. It says residents will be fined up to 100 yuan and organizations 1,000 yuan for not sorting rubbish (23)________ specific groups.
It's evident that the government is determined to push this forward," said Zhang Ning, a program officer (24)________ (serve) in a Beijing-based public welfare organization. But I'm afraid the regulation will prove to be counter-productive because garbage sorting has never been achieved by merely imposing punishments."
A recent survey found that 49.5 percent of the respondents said they still don’t know how to sort garbage,(25)________ 45.5 percent just cant be bothered to do it. Lots of citizens (26)________ (confuse)about what's recyclable and what's general waste. For example, it's scarcely known that tissue is non-recyclable because it's too moisture-prone and usually too polluted (27)________ (recycle)." said Zhang, a representative.
According to Zhang, 70 percent of garbage is a (28)________ (misplace) resource. For instance, a ton of waste steel can be refined into 0.9 tons of usable steel, and a ton of kitchen waste is able to produce0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.
But all of this is based on the condition (29)________ the garbage is categorized properly. And the behavior of households (30)________ he sorting process initially starts- is the key. Garbage sorting is a chain effect. Misconduct at the very beginning will make all the following Garbage sorting is a complex issue and takes patience. So next time when you throw away what is called garbage do it in the right way.
Section B
Directions : Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. marginal
B. persona
C. sliding
D. promise
E. counted
F. gaps
G. profits
H. distributed
I. relief J. maturing K. leveling
Bad News for Apple; Good News for Humanity
When Apple cut its revenue estimate (收益预期) for the last quarter of 2018 because of unexpectedly slow sales of iPhones, markets trembled. The company's share price, which had been (31)________ or months, fell by a further 10% on January 3rd, the day after the news came out. Apple's suppliers" shares were also hit._
Analysts assume that the number of smartphones sold in 2018 will be slightly lower than in 2017, the industry's first. ever annual decline. All this is terrible news for investors who had (32)________ on continued growth. But step back and look at the bigger picture. That smartphone sales have peaked, and seem to be (33)________ off at around 1.4 billion units a year, is good news for humanity. The slowdown is actually the result of market saturation (U $l),which hits Apple the hardest because, despite a relatively small market share (13% of smartphone users), it captures almost all of the industry’s (34)________. But Apple’s pain is humanity’s gain. The fact that the benefits of these magical devices are now so widely (35)________ is something to be celebrated.
Now many phones are used for longer than three years, often as hand-me-downs. Replacement cycles are lengthening as new models offer only (36)________ improvements. So even with flat sales, the longer(37)________ between upgrades mean people who already have phones benefit. For all but the most addicted device fans, the slowing pace of upgrades comes as a welcome (38)________.
Does that mean innovation is slowing? No. As computers become smaller, still more (39)________ and closer to people's bodies, many technicians expect that wearable devices, from smart watches to AR headsets, will be the next big thing. Even so, finding another product with
the scope of the smartphone is a tall order. The smartphone. holds its (40)________ as the device that will make computing and communications worldwide. The recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry, obviously.But for the rest of humanity it is a welcome sign that a transformative technology has become almost universal.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D..Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Now, U.?. researchers have identified a new way to treat people infected with tuberculosis (肺结核)before they get sick.
Tuberculosis is one of the world's most (41)________ health threats. The World Health Organization says tuberculosis kills nearly two million people each year. Another two billion are (42)________ : they are infected, but don't have symptoms of the disease. Those at highest risk can take medicine, but Vanderbilt University researcher Timothy Sterling says not everyone (43)________ with the treatment, which is a daily dose of isoniazid (异烟肼，抗结核药) for nine months. So although the medication is highly effective if people take all of their medication, many people do not take all their medication and therefore the effectiveness of the treatment plan is (44)________. As a(n) (45)________, Sterling and his colleagues(46) ________ ??оn?аz?d with another drug, rifapentine (利福喷汀). The combination was taken weekly, not daily, for just three months. And the results of this study showed that the new treatment plan ---the three months of isoniazid and rifapentine --- was as effective as the nine-month isoniazid treatment plan.
(47)________, the short-course, three-month treatment plan had higher treatment completion rates and was also well (48)________.
There was some other difference. The two-drug, combination treatment was administered as directly (49)________therapy. That means the patients took their medicine in the presence of a health care worker,to ensure that they followed the treatment plan. This was a large study, involving 7,500 participants in North America, Spain, and Brazil. Sterling (50)________ that most of the people in this study were HIV-negative.The results might be (51)________ for HIV-positive people. A recent study in South Africa indicated that the combination therapy works well in people infected with HIV as well as tuberculosis, but the study was too small to be (52)________ Timothy Sterling's research, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, has been (53)________ by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the CDC. The government health agency recommends the 12-dose weekly combination treatment as an equal alternative to the 270-dose daily treatment plan that has been the (54)________ therapy. But because of possible (55)________ issues, the CDC still recommends the daily treatment plan for HIV-positive patients who are taking antiretroviral drugs or women who are pregnant. Also because of a lack. of data, the CDC says children under age 12 should stay with the nine-month daily treatment.
41. A. public B. persistent C. predictable D. mild
42. A. out of control B. beyond expectation C. without hope D. under threat
43. A. put up B. follow through C. get along D. come up
44. A. decreased B. maximized C. measured D. enhanced
45. A. supplement B. substitute C. promotion D. alternative
46. A. mixed B. replaced C. associated D. connected
47. A. As a result B. In addition C. In fact D. For instance
48. A. imposed B. tolerated C. cultivated D. infected
49. A. isolated B. implemented C. observed D. required
50. A. argues B. suggests C. commands D. warns
51. A. inevitable B. negative C. distinct D. indirect
52. A. definite B. desired C. logical D. detailed
53. A. conducted B. proved C. demonstrated D. approved
54. A. similar B. unique C. standard D. peculiar
55. A. personal B. crucial C. age D. safety
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
If a person who lived 200 years ago was treated for a seizure (癫痫) today, they would be surprised by the treatment's freshness. That's because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by original medical beliefs than science.
Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces. They associated seizures with the work of evil spirits. Others felt that the seizures had a cosmic or lunar cause. They believed that the cycles of the moon and stars could make someone have a seizure.
During a process to treat a patient who has seizures, doctors would force the patient to pray for the grace of the God. They thought if the patient did this, then the patient would rid themselves of the evil spirits causing the seizures.
The arrival of modern psychiatry (精神病学) ocurred during the 1800s. At that time people who suffered from seizures were placed in psychiatric hospitals. They were treated like they were mad. However,none of the out- of-date treatments worked.
It wasn’t until the late 1850s that the causes of seizures were understood. We know today that these causes. are related to the brain. Misfired signals from the brain cause a jerking refer (反射) in the body.These usually occur when someone is very tired.
Once the causes of seizures were known, definitive treatments were developed. Today, treatments range from taking pills to having surgery. Treatment is personalized according to the type of seizure the patient has.
Even today, some people are unsure about seizures. Their most common mistake is thinking that a person having a seizure will swallow their tongue. They often push some implement roughly in the person's mouth. However, thi s doesn’t help. The implement often blocks the airway and prevents the person from breathing. Yet most of the public no longer fear people who have seizures. Instead, they can now help and comfort a person if they have a seizure.
56. Why would someone from the past be surprised by today's treatments for seizures?
A. Because they believed in scientific treatment for seizures.
B. Because they believed seizures were caused by strange forces in nature.
C. Because they believed there would be no cure for seizures.
D. Because they believed patient would treat seizures by himself.
57. During the arrival of modern psychiatry, how were people treated in psychiatric hospitals?
A. They were forced to ask the God for mercy.
B. They worked for the old-fashioned treatment.
C. They were considered senseless.
D. They were treated as evil spirits.
58. Which of the following condition can cause a seizure?
A. Rashes and other skin problems.
B. Infected wounds.
C. Stomach disorders.
D. Brain injuries.
59. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Symptoms Old and New
B. Universal Forces or Science
C. Seizures Now and Then
D. Treatments Effective or Not
(B)
How a few members of the animal kingdom handle the transition to adulthood?
African elephants
These beautiful beasts come close to imitate teen rebellion. Calves spend a decade with their mothers in female --- dominated groups --- and ladies stay there but adolescent boys leave mom for noisy crews of bros. In their 20s, they often downsize to smaller male groups. Orangutans(猩猩)
Slow metabolism allows these primates to survive food shortages times when weather makes ripe fruit scarce. But energy efficiency comes at a cost; growth and maturation take time. Orangutan mamas nurse their young longer than any other wild creature does.
Oreas(逆载鲸)
Killer whales join their mother's familial group for life. This lasting- relationship seems to increase a pup's chance of survival; if mom dies, a young male (under 30) is three times more Iikely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. Risk of death post-mom-mortem rises as kids get older.
Harp seals
A harp seal's “childhood” lasts just 12 days. A pup's sole purpose during. that brief period of coddling (宠爱) is to constantly nurse, gaining a fifth of its birth weight in blubber (鲸脂) every day. Once it's fat- they become greater from 25 to 80 pounds-- -it slides off the ice and takes on the sea.
Wolf spiders
Every parent knows that tired toddlers love to hitch a piggyback ride. The wolf spider straps all her babies (40 or 50, on average) onto her back at once, carrying the brood until they are capable of fully functional spider-hood. But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.
60. According to the passage, which animals take the biggest responsibility in raising their young?
A. Harp seals.
B. African elephants
C. Oreas.
D. Wolf spiders.
61. What can we learn from the sentence “But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days?”
A. Other grown wolf spiders will come to take care of the babies.
B. The toddlers are too heavy for parents to hitch a piggyback ride.
C. Baby spiders are able to live on their own after a short period of time.
D. Baby spiders can make full use of spider-hood before they leave their parents.
62. Who will be interested in this passage?
A. A student who is doing a project on animal growth.
B. A kid who is keen on animal watching.
C. A zoo-worker who is responsible for visitors safety.
D. A doctor who specializes in animals' health.
(C)
As advances in auto-technology have placed a huge number of self-driving machines on our roads and sidewalks, a side product has materialized in recent years: robot-babysitting.
In Phoenix, human attendants w ill remotely monitor Google' s upcoming Waymo robot-taxis, using the cars cameras to evaluate and adapt to passenger or road challenges. State safety regulations typically require that auto-vehicles be accompanied at all times by humans. These professionals job titles range from robot handler to safety driver, but they have essentially the same responsibilities: monitoring robot behavior for safety and performance, and answering questions about the technology. Broadly speaking, robot-babysitting jobs fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering,and programming.
However, some observers note that certain kinds of robot-babysitting --- the kind that is boring and doesn't require much education -- can make for thankless work. The safety drivers who sit in self-driving cars have described their roles as “exhausting and demanding," and many told me about the constant pressure to stay vigilant at all times. It's incredibly hard to sit in a chair and stare at a computer without doing anything for eight hours," Ramsey said. But you do not need a Ph.D. to do it. In March 2018, the field of robot babysitting took a beating when a self-driving Uber in Tempe, Arizona, hit a 49-year old named Elaine Herzberg. Dashcam footage showed that Rafaela Vasquez, the car's safety driver, had not been looking at the road when the accident occurred. Investigators are deciding if Vasquez will be charged with murder.
According to the McKinsey Global Institute, 10 million to 800 million jobs globally could be lost to automation by 2030. In the long term, it's inevitable that robot-babysitters will go the way of elevator operators and lamplighters. But they'll also birth new robot related roles. A huge number of jobs will be created as auto-vehicles are loosed into the environment," Ramsey said. In 2016, Bosch started training students from Schooleraft College, a community college in Michigan,
in auto-vehicle repair: Toyota has trained students in maintenance as well. We might even see a return to low-level jobs where people come and fuel the car for you, Ramsey said. Until we can wirelessly charge, someone needs to refuel them. The hardest-to-automate industries, as it happens, arc the ones that require looking after humans: childcare,education, health-care aides. Robot babysitters might feel like they have gained the job of the future. But in fact, real babysitters might be better positioned.
63. Robot-babysitting jobs do NOT include ________.
A. answering the questions about the technique.
B. observing the certain kinds of the robot-babysitter.
C. monitoring the potential problems of the auto-vehicles.
D. maintaining the vehicles which are out of order.
64. The underlined word vigilant most probably means________.
A. grateful
B. suspicious
C. fit
D. alert
65. According to Ramsey, what will happen when auto-vehicles are released into the market?
A. A lot of opportunities will be created.
B. A large number of people will be out of work.
C. Auto-vehicles will become much cheaper.
D. Many people will turn to buying auto-cars.
66. What's this passage mainly about?
A. The Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters.
B. The Future of Auto-Vehicles.
C. The Life and Employment of the Future.
D. The Position of Robot Babysitters.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The North Star
Among the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star.
(67)__________.
Therefore, it is a great compass (指南针).When people in the northern part of Earth look
toward Polaris,they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.
Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships,sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude (EFQ ) .As long as the equations were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. (68)__________
To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things.(69)__________: .It's possible for a captain to make an accidental wrong turn. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course.The sailor's fears wouldn't be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today,sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights.
(70)__________. The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it's comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Unfair Comparisons
Thanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier? Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.
We've all done it --- browsing through our WeChat friends updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful? Are their vacations more expensive and exciting? Are their careers more successful and rewarding?
Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston. The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person's mental health.
The underlying mechanism is social comparison," Steers said. The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.
This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons,especially upward comparisons to people we think above us. for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self- esteem.
You can't really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post, In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives,while leaving out the bad. If we're comparing ourselves with our friends
"sharable highlights", this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us fee1 worse about our own lives."So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it
V. Translation
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72.尽管他已经非常尽力,他还是没能弥补损失。(as)
73.如今，为网络优质资源付费似乎是个热门现象。(seem)
74. .我认为这些家长们的焦虑源自于对孩子未来的不确定性，以及对成功这个概念的落伍理
解。(result)
75.老年人能安度晚年，孩子们有幸福的童年，那就有千家万户幸福偷悦的家庭。(lead)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
据报道，某大学一宿舍的学生突发奇想建立了“夸夸群”。在群里，无论发生什么都会收到别人的夸奖和赞扬,心情不好，压力太大的时候也能收到安慰。但有些同学认为很假，应该建立“喷喷群”。那么究竟是在“夸夸群”恢复信心更好，还是在“喷喷群”中找骂认清自己更有用?
请谈谈你对此的看法，并陈述你的理由。
(备注：夸夸群---- praise-seeking group; 喷喷群----criticism-seeking group)
金山区2018学年第二学期质量监控高三英语试卷参考答案