UNIT 6 A FRENCH FOURTH
Section One Pre-reading Activities (2)
I. Audiovisual supplement (2)
II. Cultural Background (2)
Section Two Global Reading (4)
I. General analysis of the text (4)
II. Structural analysis of the text (4)
III. Rhetorical features of the text (4)
Section Three Detailed Reading (5)
I. Questions (6)
II. Words and Expressions (7)
III. Sentences (9)
Section Four Consolidation Activities (11)
I. Vocabulary (11)
II. Grammar (14)
III. Translation (15)
IV. Exercises for Integrated Skills (17)
V. Oral Activities (18)
VI. Writing (18)
Section Five Further Enhancement (21)
I. Text II (21)
II. Memorable quotes (23)
Section One Pre-reading Activities
I. Audiovisual supplement
From The Gua-Sha Treatment
Watch the movie clip and answer the following questions.
Script:
Jian Ning:Denise, why did you hit Paul?
Denise: He hit me too.
Jian Ning:It doesn’t matter. You don’t hit people. You know better than that.
Xu Datong:Denise, I want you to apologize to Paul.
Quinlin: It’s no big deal.
Xu Datong:Yes, it is. Come on, apologize to Paul.
Denise:Going to win.
Xu Datong:Say you’re sorry.
Quinlin: The kids are fine; they make up. Let it go.
Xu Datong:Come on. Count three. One … two … two and half …
(Denise spit on Paul and Li Datong hit Denise on the head)
Jian Ning:Datong!
Xu Datong:Say that you’re sorry.
Denise:He said that you’re stupid.
Li Datong’s father:当面教子背后教妻，啊？
Questions for discussion
1.Why did Denise hit Paul?
Answer: Because Paul said that his father was stupid.
2.Why do you think Xu Datong insists on Denise apologizing to Paul?
Answer: Because no matter what, one does not hit people and Denise should know better than that.
3.What’s Paul’s father, Quinlin’s attitude towards the matter?
Answer: It is no big deal. Kids will make it up themselves.
4.What do you think are the differences in educating children between Chinese and the
Americans?
Answer: open-ended.
II. Cultural Background
1. Independence Day
In the United States, Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, picnics, concerts, baseball games, political speeches and ceremonies, and various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States.
2. American Flag
For more than 200 years, the American flag has been the symbol of the nation’s strength and unity. It’s been a source of pride and inspiration for millions of citizens.
On June 14, 1777, in order to establish an official flag for the new nation, the Continental Congress passed the first Flag Act: “Resolved, That the flag of the United States be made of thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new Constellation.”
Today the flag consists of thirteen horizontal stripes, seven red alternating with six white. The stripes represent the original thirteen colonies, the stars represent the fifty states of the Union. The colors of the flag are symbolic as well: Red symbolizes Hardiness and Valor, White symbolizes Purity and Innocence and Blue represents Vigilance, Perseverance and Justice.
Section Two Global Reading
I. General analysis of the text
In this text, the author discusses the costs and benefits of living in a foreign culture. He also points out that globalization is diminishing the divide between cultures.
II. Structural analysis of the text
This text talks about the cultural influence of a foreign culture on expatriated families. It can be divided into three parts.
Part I (Paragraphs 1 – 3): The author describes his way of celebrating his home country’s National Day, i.e. the Independence Day of the United States.
Part II (Paragraphs 4 – 9): The author makes a contrastive analysis of the costs and benefits of the expatriated people.
Part III (Paragraphs 10 – 12): The author talks about the effect of globalization, and argues that globalization has produced more negative than positive effects on cultural diversity.
III. Rhetorical features of the text
The author of this text follows a “specific-to-general” pattern in his discussion, i.e. he first talks about what it means to his children to hang out the national flag of their native land in a foreign country on July 4th every year and then expresses his view on the importance for expatriated people in general to keep their cultural identity, especially when the whole world is undergoing a process of globalization.
The specific points can be found in his discussion of the costs and benefits of raising children in a foreign culture in Paragraphs 4 – 9 while the general conclusion can be found in Paragraphs 10 – 12, especially Paragraph 12.
Section Three Detailed Reading
A FRENCH FOURTH
Charles Trueheart
1Along about this time every year, as Independence Day approaches, I pull an old American flag out of a bottom drawer where it is folded away－folded in a square, I admit, not the regulation triangle. I’ve had it a long time and have always flown it outside on July 4. Here in Paris it hangs from a fourth-floor balcony visible from the street. I’ve never seen anyone look up, but in my mind’s eye an American tourist may notice it and smile, and a French passerby may be reminded of the date and the occasion that prompt its appearance. I hope so.
2For my expatriated family, too, the flag is meaningful, in part because we don’t do anything else to celebrate the Fourth. People don’t have barbecues in Paris apartments, and most other Americans I know who have settled here suppress such outward signs of their heritage －or they go back home for the summer to refuel.
3Our children think the flag-hanging is a cool thing, and I like it because it gives us a few moments of family Q&A about our citizenship. My wife and I have been away from the United States for nine years, and our children are eleven and nine, so American history is mostly something they have learned －or haven’t learned －from their parents. July 4 is one of the times when the American in me feels a twinge of unease about the great lacunae in our children’s understanding of who they are and is prompted to try to fill the gaps. It’s also a time, one among many, when my thoughts turn more generally to the costs and benefits of raising children in a foreign culture.
4Louise and Henry speak French fluently; they are taught in French at school, and most of their friends are French. They move from language to language, seldom mixing them up, without effort or even awareness. This is a wonderful thing, of course. And our physical separation from our native land is not much of an issue. My wife and I are grateful every day for all that our children are not exposed to. American school shootings are a good object lesson for our children in the follies of the society we hold at a distance.
5Naturally, we also want to remind them of reasons to take pride in being American and to try to convey to them what that means. It is a difficult thing to do from afar, and the distance seems more than just a matter of miles. I sometimes think that the stories we tell them must seem like Aesop’s (or La Fontaine’s) fables, myths with no fixed place in space or time. Still, connections can be made, lessons learned.
6Last summer we spent a week with my brother and his family, who live in Concord, Massachusetts, and we took the children to the North Bridge to give them a glimpse of the American Revolution. We happened to run across a reenactment of the skirmish that launched the war, with everyone dressed up in three-cornered hats and cotton bonnets.
This probably only confirmed to our goggle-eyed kids the make-believe quality of American history.
7Six months later, when we were recalling the experience at the family dinner table here,
I asked Louise what the Revolution had been about. She thought that it had something to
do with the man who rode his horse from town to town. “Ah”, I said, satisfaction swelling in
my breast, “and what was that man’s name?”“Gulliver?” Louise replied. Henry, for his part, knew that the Revolution was between the British and the Americans, and thought that it was probably about slavery.
8As we pursued this conversation, though, we learned what the children knew instead.
Louise told us that the French Revolution came at the end of the Enlightenment, when people learned a lot of ideas, and one was that they didn’t need kings to tell them what to think or do. On another occasion, when Henry asked what makes a person a “junior” or a “II” or a “III”, Louise helped me answer by bringing up kings like Louis Quatorze and Quinze and Seize; Henry riposted with Henry VIII.
9I can’t say I worry much about our children’s European frame of reference. There will be plenty of time for them to learn America’s pitifully brief history and to find out who Thomas Jefferson and Franklin Roosevelt were. Already they know a great deal more than I would have wished about Bill Clinton.
10If all of this resonates with me, it may be because my family moved to Paris in 1954, when I was three, and I was enrolled in French schools for most of my grade-school years. I don’t remember much instruction in American studies at school or at home. I do remember that my mother took me out of school one afternoon to see the movie Oklahoma! I can recall what a faraway place it seemed: all that sunshine and square dancing and surreys with fringe on top. The sinister Jud Fry personified evil for quite some time afterward. Cowboys and Indians were an American cliché that had already reached Paris through the movies, and I asked a grandparent to send me a Davy Crockett hat so that
I could live out that fairy tale against the backdrop of gray postwar Montparnasse.
11Although my children are living in the same place at roughly the same time in their lives, their experience as expatriates is very different from mine. The particular narratives of American history aside, American culture is not theirs alone but that of their French classmates, too. The music they listen to is either “American” or “European,” but it is often hard to tell the difference. In my day little French kids looked like nothing other than little French kids; but Louise and Henry and their classmates dress much as their peers in the United States do, though with perhaps less Lands’ End fleeciness. When I returned to visit the United States in the 1950s, it was a five-day ocean crossing for a month’s home leave every two years; now we fly over for a week or two, although not very often. Virtually every imaginable product available to my children’s American cousins is now obtainable here.
12If time and globalization have made France much more like the United States than it was in my youth, then I can conclude a couple of things. On the one hand, our children are confronting a much less jarring cultural divide than I did, and they have more access to their native culture. Re-entry, when it comes, is likely to be smoother. On the other hand, they are less than fully immersed in a truly foreign world. That experience no longer seems possible in Western countries －a sad development, in my view.
I. Questions
1. Why does the author hang the American flag from his fourth-floor balcony in Paris? (Paragraph 1)
Answer: He does it for two reasons. First, as an American living in Paris, he does not want to
forget his native heritage and flag-hanging is the only thing he can do to celebrate Independence Day. Second, he wants to use the flag-hanging as a special means to teach his children about American history and as a reminder of their American identity.
2. The author has kept the old flag for a long time. Why didn’t he get a new one? (Paragraph 1) Answer: The text does not tell us explicitly, but it is very likely that this flag was brought to Paris from the U.S. a long time ago. To the author, the old flag is a better reminder of his home country than a new one.
3. What are the costs and benefits of raising children in a foreign culture? (Paragraph 4) Answer: According to the author, it is difficult for children to understand and identify the virtues of their native country without living in it, so they need to go back to their native country to make up for the ineffective family education. But the practice of raising children in a foreign culture has its merits. For example, it helps the children to acquire the new culture without being exposed to the disadvantages of their native culture.
4. Why do the author and his family go back home for the summer? (Paragraph 5)
Answer: As expatriates, they have little access to the traditional culture of their motherland. So they go back home to trace the heritage of Americans. In addition, because their children are reared up in a completely foreign culture, they have the obligation to teach their children the culture and history of their motherland.
5. What are the differences between the author and his children as expatriates at about the same age? What causes the differences? (Paragraph 9-10)
Answer: They are different in both behavior and mentality. His children are quite like their French peers in behavior and dress style, while when the author was a child he was quite different from his French peers. These differences are due to the rapid social changes and cultural merging that have been happening all over the world. The world is becoming a huge melting pot in which different cultures are mixing up.
6. Why does the author say the development is sad? (Paragraph 12)
Answer: Because globalization becomes the keynote of life in the world today. Cultures are merging with each other; distinctions between different cultures are becoming blurred. Children cannot tell the exact differences between their own culture and other cultures and it is impossible for them to relive the author’s experience of living in a foreign culture. This kind of development of cultural globalization is a sad thing in the author’s view.
II. Words and Expressions
Paragraph 1-3
1) fold away: fold into a smaller, neater shape for easy storage
e.g. These camping chairs can be folded away and put in the trunk.
The piece of paper was folded away carefully and tucked into her purse.
foldaway (i.e., collapsible) bed/iron board
2) regulation: a. in accordance with the regulations; of the correct or designated type
e.g.As we walked along the street, we could see the noisy cheerful group of people in
regulation black parade tunics.
He had the short regulation haircut of a policeman.
3) prompt:v. cause or bring about an action or feeling
Derivation: prompt n.→ prompt a.→promptly ad.
e.g.The Times article prompted him to call a meeting of the staf
f.
My choice was prompted by a number of considerations.
4) refuel: v.
(1) supply a vehicle with more fuel
e.g.The authorities agreed to refuel the plane.
(2) take on a fresh supply of knowledge, information, etc.
e.g.In a society of intense competition, people have to refuel every year .
5) twinge: n.
(1) If you feel a twinge of an unpleasant emotion, you suddenly feel it.
e.g.John felt a twinge of fear when he saw the officer approaching.
(2) A twinge is a sudden, sharp pain.
e.g.I feel a twinge in my back now and again.
Paragraph 4-9
6) exposed to:
If you are exposed to something dangerous or unpleasant, you are put in a situation in which it might harm you.
Derivation: expose v.→exposure n.
e.g.Poor John was exposed to the wind and rain.
Translation:
吸二手烟的青少年长大以后患心脏疾病的机率比较高。
Answer: Teens exposed to second-hand smoke have a higher risk of developing heart disease later in life.
7) object lesson: a striking practical example of some principle or ideal
e.g.They responded to daily emergencies in a way that was an object lesson to us all.
That was an object lesson in how to handle a difficult customer.
8) take pride in = pride oneself on: be proud of
e.g.She took pride in her flower garden.
The team has achieved unprecedented success in this season. All the players take pride in being a member of this team.
We pride ourselves on always being punctual.
9) confirm: vt. prove that sth. is true
e.g. These statistics confirm our worst fears about the depth of the recession.
The spokesman confirmed that the area was now in the rebels’ hands.
10)swell: v. gradually increase
e.g.The group of onlookers soon swelled into a crowd.
The murmur swelled, but then died away.
11) frame of reference: a particular set of beliefs, ideas, or observations on which one bases his judgement
e.g.Please see to it that you are dealing with someone with a different frame of reference.
The observer interprets what he sees in terms of his own cultural frame of reference.
Paragraph 10-12
12) resonate: vi. evoke or suggest images, memories, and emotions
e.g.May this song resonate in your heart throughout the holidays.
I would like these thoughts to resonate widely, especially with the citizens of China.
This inspiring tale based on a bestselling nonfiction novel will resonate with audiences around the world.
13) live out sth.: do sth. that you have thought or dreamed of doing
e.g.The inheritance would allow her to live out her fantasies.
14) nothing other than: only
e.g.They were given nothing other than dry bread and water for their evening meal.
Therefore, nothing other than a hurt received in love affairs affects one more severely.
I am very tired and want nothing in the world other than to be at home.
15) immerse: v. engage wholly or deeply; absorb
Collocation:immerse sb./sth. in
immerse oneself in / be immersed in
e.g. First of all, you should immerse your clothes in the water.
He immersed himself in the history of Rome.
Translation:
克莱尔和菲尔在角落里深谈。
Answer: Clare and Phil were immersed in conversation in the corner.
III. Sentences
Paraphrase/ explanation
1. … but in my mind’s eye an American tourist may notice it and smile ... (Paragraph 1) Paraphrase:
… but I imagine that an American tourist may notice it and show his appreciation of my action with a smile ...
2. suppress such outward signs of their heritage … (Paragraph 2)
Paraphrase:
do not give manifestations of their traditional culture handed down from their ancestors …
3. July 4 is one of the times when the American in me feels a twinge of unease about the great lacunae in our children’s understanding of who they are and is prompted to try to fill the gaps. (Paragraph 3)
Paraphrase:
July 4 is one of the times I, as a native American, feel indistinctively uneasy about the great gaps in our children’s understanding of their American identity, and thus I am motivated to do something to fill the gaps.
4. And our physical separation from our native land is not much of an issue. (Paragraph 4) Paraphrase:
And living away from our native country does not matter much (in our children’s acquisition of our native language).
5. In my day little French kids looked like nothing other than little French kids. (Paragraph 11) Paraphrase:
In the days when I lived in France as an expatriated child, French children were dressed in the unique French style, thus looking quite different from their counterparts in other countries.
6. … our children are confronting a much less jarring cultural divide than I did … (Paragraph 12) Paraphrase:
… our children are faced with a much less shocking cultural difference …
7. Re-entry, when it comes, is likely to be smoother. (Paragraph 12)
Explanation:
It seems to be easier for the children to restart the acquisition of their native culture.
Class Activity:
Discussion: Globalization is a very controversial issue today. Opinions vary considerably over its pros and cons. Please discuss with your classmates about the positive and negative effects of globalization.
For your reference
Positive:
Developing countries get access to the latest technology.
The quality of products is improved due to global competition.
Increased media coverage draws the attention of the world to human living conditions.
…
Negative:
Globalization has led to exploitation of labor and job insecurity.
Local industries are being taken over by foreign multinationals.
Bad aspects of foreign cultures are affecting the local cultures through TV and the Internet. Deadly diseases like HIV/AIDS are being spread by travellers to the remotest corners of the globe. …
Section Four Consolidation Activities
I. Vocabulary
1. Word Derivation
1) fluent a. →fluency n.→fluently ad.
①她通晓五种语言。
She is fluent in five languages.
②他说英语和法语同样流利。
He speaks English and French with equal fluency.
③通过练习他能把西班牙语讲得很流利了。
With practice he could speak Spanish fluently.
2) enroll v.→enrollment n.
①每年，超过15,000名学生在这所大学登记注册。
Each year more than 15,000 students enroll with the college.
②学校下学期要招200人。
The school will enroll 200 students next term.
③近年，我校的升学率大幅度跃升。
In recent years, the enrollment rate our school has surged by a large margin.
3) access n.→access v.→ accessible a.
①只有俱乐部会员才能使用体育馆和游泳池。
Only people with the membership of the club can get access to the gym and the swimming pool.
②分行官员可以访问中央数据库。
Branch officials can access the central data bank.
③他正在研究这本著作，为的是让这本书更容易被学生接受。
He was studying the work, with the aim of making it more accessible to his students.
4) obtain v.→obtainable a.
①我妈妈无法负担我的学费，所以我要找份工作。
I need to obtain a job because my mother cannot cover the cost of my school fees.
②我们的产品在所有计算机商店中有售。
Our products are obtainable in all computer shops.
5) personify v.→ personification n.
①我们经常用拟人的方式称太阳为“他”，称月亮为“她”。
We often personify the sun and the moon, calling the sun “he” and the moon “she”.
②她虽然穷，却是慷慨大方的典范。
Although she is poor, she is the personification of generosity.
6) enlighten v.→enlightening a.→enlightenment n.
①持不同观点的人可以相互启发。
People with different ideas can enlighten each other.
②这是一次极有启发性、极令人兴奋的体验。
It can be an enormously enlightening and exciting experience.
③他们的发展经验对我们有一定的启示。
We can get some enlightenment from their developmental experience.
7) global a.→globalize v.→globalization n.
①近来，全球变暖成为大家热衷讨论的话题。
Lately, global warming has become a very hot issue.
②今时今日，新兴的小企业主为什么不试试将他们的生意全球化呢？
Why aren’t the new small business owners of today trying to globalize their businesses?
③全球化使不同文化有了更多的共性。
Because of globalization, different cultures share more of the same features.
8) prompt v.→ prompt a. → promptly ad.
①他的讲话激怒了人群中一名男子。
His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd.
②快速准确的信息在商业竞争中是最重要的因素。
Prompt and accurate information is the most important element in business competition.
③如果想避免更大的损失，我们就得立即行动。
We have to act promptly if we want to limit the damages.
2. Phrase Practice
1) The murderer was about to be hanged. Before the execution, in his mind’s eye he confessed all the crimes he had committed.
in one’s mind’s eye: in one’s imagination or memory
①在我心目中，她仍然是上次那个我见到过的小女孩。
In my mind’s eye, she is still the little girl she was the last time I saw her.
②在他脑海里，他可以看到河边有一座美丽的房子。他决定造这样一座房子。
In his mind’s eye, he could see a beautiful house beside the river. He decided to build such a house.
2) As university campuses become increasingly multi-ethnic, they offer a glimpse of the conflicts society will face tomorrow.
a glimpse of: catch a brief, quick view of, as in passing; perceive momentarily and incompletely
①人们拥挤在人行道上, 想看一眼总统的车。
People swarmed over the pavements, trying to catch a glimpse of the President’s car.
②我从火车的窗口瞥见了一座古老的城堡。
I got a glimpse of an old castle from the window of a train.
③对古英语单词及其现代意义的调查可使你大致了解语言的发展历史。
Examination of Old English words and modern meanings can give you a glimpse of how languages develop through time.
3) All the people of the country took pride in offering the highest standards to the man who had used up all his talents for the welfare of the people.
take pride in: be proud of
①我们为国家的繁荣昌盛感到自豪。
We take pride in the prosperity of our country.
②每取得一点成就，你都应引以为豪，因为它们是你实现梦想的阶梯。
Take pride in your accomplishments as they are stepping stone to your dreams.
4) Under the protection of their well-furnished residence, they had not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.
be exposed to: to subject or allow to be subjected to an action, influence, or condition
①曝光之后，这个胶片就损坏了。
The film was damaged after it was exposed to light.
②当你不再每天沉溺于尼古丁和其他有害物质的时候，你的身体就开始恢复了。
When you are no longer exposed to nicotine and other poisons every day, your body begins to repair the damage.
5) The railway company decided to extend a branch line to Newcastle to convey coal direct to other cities.
convey to
a. communicate ideas or feelings indirectly
b. give official information or a formal message to sb.
c. (formal) move sb. or sth. from one place to another
①我希望通过这个音乐传递一种非常愉快的独特感受。
I wanted to convey a particular feeling of overwhelming joy in the music.
②请把我们的歉意转达给史密斯先生，好吗?
Could you please convey our apologies to Mr. Smith?
③我们会改善公交服务，承载更多的游客到我们的城市。
We will better our bus service and convey more visitors to our city.
3. Synonym/Antonym
1. Virtually every imaginable product available to my children’s American cousins is now obtainable here.
Synonym: available, attainable, accessible
2. The particular narratives of American history aside, American culture is not theirs alone but that of their French classmates, too.
Synonym: tale, story
3. The sinister Jud Fry personified evil for quite some time afterward.
Antonym: harmless, auspicious
4. We happened to run across a reenactment of the skirmish that launched the war. Synonym: begin, start, commence
5. On the one hand, our children are confronting a much less jarring cultural divide than I did. Synonym: tackle, face, handle
6. The American in me feels a twinge of unease about the great lacunae in our children’s understanding.
Antonym: comfort, relaxation, ease
7. For my expatriated family, too, the flag is meaningful, in part because we don’t do anything
else to celebrate the Fourth.
Antonym: immigrate
II. Grammar
1) Relative clauses introduced by where, when, why
Relative clauses are used to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, the text becomes more fluent and repetition of certain words can be avoided.
Relative clauses can be introduced by:
1. a relative pronoun (who/whom, which, that, whose);
2. no relative pronoun at all;
3.a relative adverb (where, why and when) instead of a relative pronoun.
A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition. This often makes the sentence easier to understand. For examples:
This is the shop in which I bought my bike. → This is the shop where I bought my bike.
July and August are the months in which most people go on holiday.
→ July and August are the months when most people go on holiday.
Do you know the reason for which so many people in the world learn English?
→ Do you know the reason why so many people in the world learn English?
Practice:
Fill in the blanks with the proper adverb.
①This is the church _____ Sue and Peter got married.
Key: where
②25 December is the day _____ children in the West get their Christmas presents.
Key: when
③A famine was the reason _____ so many Irish people emigrated to the U.S. in the 19th century. Key: why
2) Passive voice
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. For example: My bike was stolen. Sometimes a statement in passive voice is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows: A mistake was made. The passive voice is especially helpful in scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate importance.
Practice:
Rewrite the following paragraph in the active voice.
Last summer our house was painted by me. The job took about two weeks. First, the exterior was washed using warm water and a mild detergent. Then all the chinks and pores in the walls were sealed with putty. After the putty had had a chance to dry, the exterior could be painted. A latex paint was used because it is easy to apply and cleans up with water. A whole
week was needed to finish this part of the job. I was very careful to apply the paint evenly because I did not want to have to apply two coats. A color was used that was very close to the original color. Our house is a two-story house, which meant that a tall ladder was needed to do the second story. The paint can had to be balanced on the top rung of the ladder while I worked. When the job was finished, a great deal of satisfaction was felt by me. I had to pat myself on the back. Even my dad said that a good job was done.
Keys:
Last summer I painted our house. The job took about two weeks. First, I washed the exterior using warm water and a mild detergent. Then I sealed all the chinks and pores in the walls with putty. After the putty had had a chance to dry, I could paint the exterior. I used a latex paint because it is easy to apply and cleans up with water. I took a whole week to finish this part of the job. I was very careful to apply the paint evenly because I did not want to have to apply two coats.
I used a color that was very close to the original color. Our house is a two-story house, which meant that I needed a tall ladder to do the second story. I had to balance the paint can on the top rung of the ladder while I worked. When I finished the job, I felt a great deal of satisfaction. I had to pat myself on the back. Even my dad said that I did a good job.
III. Translation
1. 大厅里回响着小号独奏的乐曲声。(resonate with)
Explanation:
resonate with:
a. exhibit or produce resonance or resonant effects
b. evoke a feeling of shared emotion or belief
Translation:
The hall resonated with the notes of the trumpet solo.
Practice:
这个基于畅销小说的感人故事将会引起世界各地观众的共鸣。
Answer: This inspiring tale based on a bestselling novel will resonate with audiences around the world.
2. 他走路的样子使我想起他父亲也是这样走路的。(remind of)
Explanation:
remind sb. of sb./sth.: bring a memory of sb./sth. into someone’s mind
Translation:
The way he walks reminds me of the way his father used to walk.
Practice:
①你能提醒我明天我和牙医有约吗？
Answer: Can you remind me about my dentist’s appointment tomorrow?
②这些照片会使我经常想起我在那个国家的愉快旅行。
Answer: These pictures will constantly remind me of my pleasant journey in that country.
3. 我把日期搞错了，所以到达的日期不对了。(mix up)
Explanation:
mix up: confuse; bring sth. into disorder
Translation:
I mixed the dates up and arrived on the wrong day.
Practice:
①这是两码事，不要搞混了。
Answer: They’re two entirely different matters; don’ mix them up.
②我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。
Answer: I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events.
4. 听到女儿被牛津大学录取，她心中充满了自豪。(swell)
Explanation:
swell vi.
a.increase in volume or in size, force, intensity, degree, etc.
b.be or become filled (with pride, indignation, self-importance, et
c.)
Translation:
Her heart swelled with pride when she learned that her daughter had been admitted by Oxford University.
Practice:
①如果雨持续下，河水将会暴涨，冲破河床。
Answer: If the rain continues, then the rivers could swell and burst the banks.
②想到约翰的无礼举动，他的心中就充满了愤怒。
Answer: His chest swelled with anger at the thought of John’s rude behaviour.
5. 在此次总统选举中，民主党发动了一场拉拢女性选民的宣传活动。(launch) Explanation:
launch:vt. set in operation; start, inaugurate, etc.
Translation:
Democrats have launched a campaign to win women voters over in this presidential election.
Practice:
①这家公司调查了市场需求，决定推出新产品。
Answer: The company researched the market demand and decided to launch their new product.
②一些机构正准备实行一项新计划，以鼓励更多来自贫困家庭的年轻人进大学深造。Answer: Some institutions are going to launch a new scheme to encourage more youngsters from poor backgrounds to go on to college.
IV. Exercises for Integrated Skills
1.Dictation
People who identify themselves as members of a social group / acquire common ways of viewing the world / through their interactions with other members of the same group. / These views are reinforced through institutions / like the family, the school, the workplace, / and other sites of socialization / throughout their lives. / Common attitudes, beliefs, and values/ are reflected in the way / members of the group use language, / for example, what they choose to say or not to say / and how they say it. / Thus in addition to the notion of speech community / composed of people who use the same linguistic code, / we can speak of discourse communities / to refer to the common ways / in which members of a social group use language / to meet their social needs.
2.Fill in each blank in the passage with ONE appropriate word.
On July 4th, the United States celebrates its “birthday,” commemorating the official approval of the Declaration of Independence __________(1) the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. This document had been voted on July 2nd, _________(2) it was proclaimed on the 4th. Coincidentally, the two men most directly involved in the wording of the Declaration, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, both died _________(3) the 50th anniversary of independence, July 4, 1826.
July 4 is a day _________(4) parades, picnics, public addresses and fireworks, _________(5) in recent times long, elaborate orations have gone out of favor somewhat, and most places restrict fireworks to official displays in order to _________(6) the many injuries caused by people setting off their own.
The centennial and bicentennial 4th of July celebrations have been, of course, the most elaborate _________(7). Philadelphia held a World Exposition in 1876, to which nearly 10 million people came. In 1976, there were nationwide __________(8) of the 200th anniversary of independence, highlighted by a visit of ships from all over the world to New York Harbor.
Keys:
1.by
2. but
3. on
4. for
5.although
6. avoid
7. ones
8. celebrations
(1) It is the Continental Congress that released the Declaration of Independence. The agent and the subject of an action are usually connected by by.
(2) The proclamation on July 4th seems surprising after what has been mentioned in the first part of the sentence, This document had been voted on July 2nd. As a result, the two opposite ideas should by joined by a conjunction but.
(3) The 50th anniversary of independence and July 4, 1826 are appositives, indicating the date of the two great men’s death, before which on is usually used.
(4) Parades, picnics, public addresses and fireworks are the activities that people engage in on July 4th. In other words, these are the purposes of the day.
(5) In the first part, it is said that July 4th is the time for public speeches and fireworks, while this sentence says that detailed and lengthy speeches are no longer popular and in most places fireworks set up by individuals are forbidden. Thus the two opposite ideas are joined by a
conjunction although.
(6) In most places fireworks are restricted to official displays, so that people will not get injured when setting off fireworks on their own. Followed by the phrase in order to is a verb to complement an infinitive.
(7) Celebrations is mentioned in the first part of the sentence, and to avoid repetition, here we need to put in a pronoun or noun to substitute celebrations.
(8) The topic of this paragraph is celebrations, and the author gives several specific examples, among which the 1976 celebrations is one.
V. Oral Activities
1. Giving a talk
Topic: How would I try to maintain my national identity if I were in the United States?
Words and phrases for reference:
hang national flag; sing anthem; watch Chinese TV programs; traditional festivals; Chinese food; Chinese culture …
2. Having a discussion
Topic:What is the significance of flying the winner’s national flag accompanied with his/her national anthem in some international sports competitions?
Words and phrases for reference:
honour; patriotism; national pride; symbol …
VI. Writing
Topic: I Want to Send My Child Abroad for Education.
1.Essay writing: An introduction
A topic sentence is the sentence that states the subject that the paragraph will develop. A good topic sentence has the following features:
1) It is a complete sentence; that is, it should contain a subject and a verb.
2) It is usually a statement, not a question.
3) It is the most general statement in the paragraph. It does not give any specific
details.
4) It has two parts: the topic and the controlling idea. The topic refers to the subject
of the paragraph, and the controlling idea is a word or phrase that the reader can ask
questions about: How? Why? In what ways? What does that mean? etc.
For examples:
A. The modern study of biology consists of (three basic areas).
What is the question a reader can ask?
Key: What are the three basic areas?
B. It’s (very difficult) to study in a foreign country.
What is the question a reader can ask?
Key: Why is it difficult?
C. New York has (excellent) public transportation.
What is the question a reader can ask?
Key: In what ways is the public transportation in New York organized?
Sample:
Nowadays, there are more and more students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries. As far as I am concerned, I would like to send my child to study abroad. There are several reasons for me to do so.
First of all, students studying abroad can learn the advanced new knowledge and the new way of thinking. I want to send my child abroad to study not only because of the new and plentiful knowledge, but also of the different ways of thinking. These new things together with what have been learned in the homeland would make a student develop in full scale and have a better understanding of the world.
In addition, when students are studying abroad, they will contact with students from all over the world and surely they will become friends. Hanging out with his friends, my child will not only gain pleasure but also gain knowledge from them during the communication and association, as they will talk about the history of their own country and customs of their people. Moreover, they will also help each other in their study and daily life, all of which will benefit the students.
Last but not least, students abroad may grow more independently. As they do things all by themselves, they could get rid of protection from their parents and learn how to face difficulties all on their own, which help them grow more independently.
Studying abroad, students could harvest a lot due to the reasons above. In conclusion, there are many students who choose to attend schools or universities outside their countries. If I have the chance, I will definitely send my child to study abroad.
2.Practice/Task
Topic: Although some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. There is still belief that young children should spend most of their time playing. Write a 250-word composition on this topic, telling the readers how do you think.
Sample
There is a heated discussion about when children should begin to study. Some people think that children should start learning as early as possible. Others, however, argue that young children could begin to study late. As far as I am concerned, young children should spend most of their time playing and not begin studying too early.
Although I agree there may be one or two advantages for children to begin to study early, I insist that the advantages of learning late far overweigh them. In the first place, people who spend most of their time playing could be more creative. Learning more means that children can know more, but also means more restrictions put on them. If children play more, they may find many things interesting in their playing and raise many questions, which help them to study and work creatively when they grow up.
In the second place, children could be more anxious to learn when they grow up if they spend most of their time playing. It is known that children like to play. Even if parents force them to sit at a desk, they cannot concentrate on their study. Instead, they keep thinking how to finish their work as soon as possible and believe they are studying for their parents. But children who spend most of their time playing do not hold resentment against study. When they grow up, they
will be willing to study even if parents do not monitor them, because they feel that they are studying for themselves.
In conclusion, I believe that young children should play more not only because they will be more creative, but also because they will be more anxious to learn when they grow up. Therefore, I strongly hold that all parents should not push their young children into studying too early.
Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.
全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版） 1 Text B课后练习答案 Unit One Comprehension Check 1-6 c a c d b d Translation 1. 我耳朵嗡嗡作响，听不见他们后来讲的话，只东以点西一点渗入片言只语。“，玛莎是墨西哥人,辞职,不至于,” 2. 等我意识到我这番话的意思时，为时已晚，爷爷知道我明白那不是钱的问题， 不是那个问题。 3. 第二天，我沉默不语，一副十分伤心的小女孩模样，拖着脚步走进校长办公 室。 4. 他看上去像小孩般开心，像孩子般天真无邪，可是我心里比谁都明白。 Language Practice 1. b d a f c g h e 2. resigned/ has resigned; expectation; have maintained; represents ;exception; was awarded; plus ; make it/drag himself; delicate; innocent; compare to; significance Unit Two Comprehension Check 1-7 d b a d c d d Translation 1. 火舌舔着比尔的双肩、脸和双腿，但他仅仅地抓住罗伊斯。“我不会把你丢弃在这儿的”，他说道。 2. 一辈子与居住在澳大利亚灌木地带的那些刚强的硬汉一起生活的人生经历， 将两条准则永久地铭刻在比尔心头：无论多么艰难，决不泄气、决不抛弃朋友。 3. 如果我不能挺住的话，罗伊斯就会死在那里，比尔一次又一次地告诫自己。 4. 单真正最令比尔激动的时刻是火灾发生六个月之后，刚刚出院的罗伊斯走进 尤里卡饭店，请他喝啤酒。 Language Practice 1. c e d g f h a b 2. stuff; despair; was peering/peered; soaked; swung; in good shape extent; rescue; draw on; Worse still; burst into; flinging Unit Three Comprehension Check
新职业英语·职业综合英语课文翻译 第一课谷歌 上过互联网的人都见过谷歌，许多人要在互联网上查找某方面的信息时，他们都会去“谷歌”一下。作为全世界最有名的互联网搜索引擎，谷歌是网络业界功成名就的最好范例之一。 谷歌始于1996年1月斯坦福大学博士生拉里?佩奇的一个研究项目。为了找到一种能帮助网络用户搜索到相关网页的更好方法，佩奇设想可以通过检索网页之间的关系来实现。他认为其他网页链接最多的那些网页一定是最受欢迎的，这项技术结果看起来是成功的。 佩奇和他的合作伙伴谢尔盖?布林于1998年9月7日创建了自己的公司，并在之后的一周注册了https://www.doczj.com/doc/749858213.html,这一网址。这个搜索引擎很快声名鹊起，2000年谷歌开始在自己的网站出售广告。在投资者的热情资助下，经过几年的发展，谷歌上市了，谷歌的很多雇员一夜之间成了百万富翁。 谷歌最近收购了互联网最大的视频共享网站https://www.doczj.com/doc/749858213.html,，而且每天都在不断增加一些新功能，如工具栏、邮件和广告。当然，成长与成功也带来了竞争。微软最近就试图收购雅虎以便能在互联网搜索引擎领域与谷歌抗衡。 随着公司的壮大与知名度的提高，谷歌在美国公司就业吸引力的排名也上升到第一。他们尝试打破传统的办公室设计，努力把办公室变成员工感觉舒适、并能充分发挥自己才华的地方。 现在，谷歌已拥有YouTube、Blogger和其他一些热门网站，并且成为网络广告收入方面的领头羊。当初两个学生的一个小点子已发展成为一家拥有十亿美元资产的大公司，谷歌也成为全球最著名的商标之一。谷歌的发展史为当今的网络企业家树立了一个完美的典范，也提供了灵感。 第二课秘书 秘书可能会有很多其他不同的头衔，例如行政助理、文员或私人助理。尽管所有这些头衔都以行政工作为主旨，但它们却反映了不同种类的秘书工作。秘书岗位十分古老，例如，古希腊和罗马的商人和政客们就曾雇用私人秘书和文员来管理他们的事务。 秘书的工作就是使办公室顺利运转。秘书的职责范围很广，依据他们所在办公室的不同而各异。就最低要求来说，秘书要处理信函，跟踪日程安排，管理文件系统，操作电话、传真机、复印机等办公设备。许多秘书还要接听电话，并将其转给适当的人员。有些秘书还要负责办公室用品的采购，他们也可能会处理预算、簿记和人事文档。秘书应当具备使用电脑和其他电子设备的经验，因为他们将处理大量的电子资料，包括往来信函。
Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life Jim Doherty 有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。 这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。 这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。 但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降
到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆
NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。
Vocabulary Ⅰ 1.suddenly found myself faced with 2.share the same characteristic 3.summer is an everlasting season 4.let yourself be overcome by 5.keep it in your mind and don’t ever forget it Ⅱ 1 instead 2 confronted with 3 lock away 4 welled up 5 summon 6 brief 7 stared 8 whispering 9 evil 10 give in Ⅲ 1 D 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 B 8 C Ⅳ 1. a. shaking b shuddered c shaking d shuddered 2. a answer b reply c reply d answer 3. a general b general c general common d common 4. a small b tiny c tiny d small Ⅴ 1 synonym: pain (grief, sorrow, agony) 2 antonym: loudly (harshly, roughly) 3 synonym: sorrow (grief, dismay) 4 antonym: inconspicuously (unnoticeably) 5 synonym: small (little) 6 antonym: meet (gather) 7 synonym: seriously (severely, hopelessly) 8 antonym: lengthy (long) Ⅵ 1.industrial 2.description 3.suspicion 4.assistant 5.unemployed 6.proof 7.examination 8.further Grammar Ⅰ 1 were bathing were looking were playing 2 was sitting 3 was leaving was arrived learned had left found
Unit1 The Burden of Womanhood Too often in the Third World, a female?s life is hardly worth living. By: John Ward Anderson & Molly Moore 女人的负担 往往在第三世界，女性的生活几乎是不值得活的。 约翰.沃德.安德森和莫莉.摩尔 1.When Rani returned home from the hospital cradling her newborn daughter, the men in the family slipped out of her mud hut while she and her mother-in-law mashed poisonous oleander seeds into a dollop of oil and dropped it into the baby?s throat. As soon as darkness fell, Rani crept into a nearby field and buried her baby girl in a shallow, unmarked grave next to a small stream. 当拉尼抱着她刚出生的女儿从医院回到家时，男人们溜出了她的土屋，她和她的婆婆将有毒的夹竹桃种子捣碎成一团油，并将其塞到婴儿的喉咙里。夜幕一降临，拉尼就蹑手蹑脚地来到附近的一块土地，将她的女婴埋在一条小溪浅旁边的一个不深的、没有标记的坟墓内。 2.“I never felt any sorrow,” Rani, a farm laborer with a weather-beaten face, said through an interpreter. “There was a lot of bitterness in my heart toward the baby because the gods should have given me a son.” “我从来没有感到任何悲哀”，脸部饱经风霜的拉尼通过翻译说，“我的心对孩子充满了辛酸，因为神本应该赐予我一个儿子”。 3.Each year hundreds and perhaps thousands of newborn girls in India are murdered by their mothers simply because they are female. Some women believe that sacrificing a daughter guarantees a son in the next pregnancy. In other cases, the family cannot afford the dowry that would eventually be demanded for a girl?s marriage. 在印度每年有数百甚至数千名新生女婴被他们的母亲谋杀，只因为他们是女孩。有些妇女认为，牺牲一个女儿将保证下次怀孕是儿子。在其他情况下，家庭买不起女孩结婚时所需的嫁妆。 4.And for many mothers, sentencing a daughter to death is better than condemning her to life as a woman in the Third World, with cradle-to-grave discrimination, poverty, sickness and drudgery. 对于很多母亲而言，判处女儿死刑胜过让她在第三世界作为一个女人生活，经历一辈子的歧视、贫困、疾病和劳苦。
解释句子 unit1 1.Our big old house four generations had seen the joys and sorrow 2.I planted these roses a long,long time even expected to born) 3.Many sons went away to fight a great evil.(left home to fight against the Fascist Nazi). 4.Take that special hello and lock it away within you Take the first friendly greeting and always keep it in your heart. unit2 1.Her mother sent for the County Inspector asked...to come over 2.The mechanical teacher calculated the mark in no time.marked out..right away 3.Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes.with an air which suggested he knew far better about school than others 4.A teacher has to be adjusted to fit the minds of each boy and girl it teaches. Make necessary changes about what to teach and how to teach so as to be suitable for each boy and girl to learn from unit3 1.A gracious manner adds priceless panache to your image great splendour 2.I bet the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write.I dare say 3.It melted away most of the irritation you felt The simple phrase”excuse me”made most of your irritation disappear. 4.Punctuality is not a thing of the past. Being on time is a virtue,both in the past and at present. 5.You don't take the other person for granted. You shouldn’t accept the other person’s presence without thinking its importance. 6.Good manners are infectious.produce the same feelings or actions in others unit4 1.We were invincible until the word AIDS came into my life We were so strong that we couldn’t believe we be be attacked by any disease before the word AIDS appeared in my life. 2.We didn't hang out as much I confronted him as to why we were not friends anymore We didn’t spend much time together as before 3.I couldn’t turn my back on him when he needed me the most I couldn’t get away from him when he needed me badly.
《综合英语教程》第二册课文、扩展阅读课文译文 Unit 1 Text 等候的人们 我坐在一个机场，观察着等候所爱之人到达或离开前最后一刻的人们。他们有的不安地来回走着，有的互相凝视着，有的拉着对方的手。此时的感情是强烈的。 一位讲西班牙语的女士正来回转圈地跑着，想要将全家人集中起来道别。她的嗓门很高。当登机前的最后时刻到来时，她用双臂搂着儿子，似乎这一紧紧的拥抱能保佑他将来平安地归来。 在我候机坐位旁的栏杆边站着一位祖母和她的孙子，该来接他们的人还没到。他们旁边有两位女士，互相之间显然没有关系，但她们的眼光都象扫视着大海的探照灯一样朝通道口仔细地搜索着。一位怀抱婴儿的母亲正与丈夫吻别。泪水打湿了她的面颊。这时刻十分令人动情。 在第13号出口处，抵达者们刚刚进站。“我看见她了，她在那儿。”以同样感人的激情，这些抵达者融入了庞杂的人群，仿佛他们是这人群中失而复得的一个组成部分。泪水、笑容，和由衷的快乐洋溢在久别重逢的欢声笑语中。 我坐着边翻书边等着我的登机时刻，感到有点孤独，因为亲人与我的时间不配；而我要去见的人，我的女儿，却在我旅程的另一端。 我在回想往日的离别和重逢。忆起我看见女儿，就是我现在要去见的女儿，正从那狭窄的通道走过来，肩上背着背包，怀里抱着塞得满满的行囊，带着的耳机让她无暇顾及身旁川流不息的人群。她当时上大学一年级，11月回家度假——8月份以来第一次回家。我紧紧地拥抱着她，似乎我曾失去过她。 今天我乘坐的航班晚点两小时。手里的书今天读起来没劲，不如观看眼前这熙来人往的人群。一个5岁左右的男孩第一次见到他的祖父。他一点点往上看，半天才看到了对成人来说并不算高的一位男人的脸。一高一矮的两人脸上都放出了喜悦的光芒，我不知道人们如何能用语言和胶卷来捕捉这一时刻。 当我的航班终于呼叫登机时，我收起书本和行李。既然无人相送，我就没有回头看看来时的方向，而是在想上班的丈夫此刻极想知道我是否已起飞，在另一端的女儿也正惦记着同一件事。 登机时，我回想起另一种离别和重逢。有一次我新婚不久，91岁的祖父去世了。我们的关系一直很密切，那天傍晚，我参加完他的葬礼乘飞机返回，一边离开机场一边哭着。我们刚刚结婚一年的丈夫等候在出站口，把我拥抱在怀中。满脸的泪水招来了大家对我的关注，但我并不在乎。不管怎么说，我内心的那种感受在机场没有什么不合时宜的。 生命始终都需要这般关注。我祝愿所有旅行的人们归来时都能看到有人在等候迎接他们。我也祝愿他们出发前有人去送行。我想到自己的祖父并认识到，如果死亡就像这样，一次旅行而已，那么，我就不会害怕。 （吕睿中译，胡一宁审校） Read more 重要之事
Unit 4 An unusual job 课文重点讲解： 1) It’s all in a day’s work when you’re a stuntwoman. all in a/the day’s work: (colloquial) not unusual; as expected 家常便饭,不足为奇 e.g. (1) Coping with the paparazzi at any time is all in a day’s work for the celebrity.对于明星来说，随时应对狗仔队已经成为家常便饭。 (2) When the machine broke down, Mary said it was all in a day’s work. 2)it’s a profession that badly lacks female participation lack 的用法：可以做动词(及物和不及物)，也可以做名词 e.g. a lack (n.)of money; the lack (n.)of time You will not lack (vi)in support from me.你将得到我的帮助。 The plant died because it lacked (vt.) moisture. 这株植物因为缺乏水分而死。 3) A stuntperson is a man or woman who does all the hair-raisingly dangerous bits of acting work in films or on TV. "hair-raisingly": n. + adv.的复合词形式 ,意思是: 令人毛骨悚然的 e.g. heart-breakingly bad news bone-bitingly cold wind ear-deafeningly loud noise bits: small pieces 少许,少量 4) This can be anything from a relatively simple fall into a swimming pool, to tripping off the top of a skyscraper building. 本句中最主要的结构是:from …to…需要用平行结构,from 后面用的是名词a fall, 那么to 后面也要用名词,动名词或者名词词组, 这里tripped off是动名词词组. trip off: jump from 从…跳离 5) It sounds like a crazy profession that only the crazy would attempt, but it’s actually a job that many people think about -few people actually go through with it. the crazy: 定冠词+形容词表示一类人. e.g. the weak the ordinary the young the rich think about: consider doing 考虑 e.g. I would like to think about your suggestion before I give a definite reply. go through with: to complete or pursue (sth. which has been agreed or planned) to the end (often with difficulties)完成, 把...进行到底
基础综合英语课文翻译 导语：《基础综合英语》综合听说读写四个方面。每单元前半 部分涉及听说技能，而后半部分突出读写技能。这四种技能都围绕同一主题展开，相互补充，协同提高。下面是由的关于基础综合英语课文第一单元部分课文的翻译。欢迎阅读！ 对F的赞美 今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义 的文凭。这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样。只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。 最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我 教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学历毕业证书。他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。 在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。在每学期 开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！我希望有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意。我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，即使我阅读不好，也不会写作。很多诸如此类的抱怨。
我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前，我将孩子们 的学力能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其它妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。 我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的 注意。我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关，直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。 当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。他坐在 后排和他的朋友说话。她告诉我。你为什么不把他换到前排来？我恳求道，我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。史蒂夫特夫人从眼镜上方冷冷地看着我。我不会换高年级学生的座位。她说，我会给他们不及格的成绩。我大感紧张。我们儿子的学习生涯在我的眼前闪现。之前，没有老师以此威胁过他。我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。到家时，我对此感觉良好。目前这是一种激进的做法，但是，嗯，为什么不这么做呢？她要给你不及格。我告诉我的儿我没有再多说什么。突然英语就在他的生活中成了头等大事。他期末得了一个A。 我知道一个例子不能说明问题，但我在夜校中看见了一群愤怒、怨恨的学生，他们愤恨的原因是学校让他们一路混，直到他们甚至都无法再假装跟得上。这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学
从七岁起，我一直在寻找一个机会来偿还我所欠下的某种债。债务通常是负担，但这是一种没有负担的特殊债务，如果她的感激之情没有表达出来，可能在她心里她会感到很忧郁。我对那个英国人怀有一种感激之情，很久以前在中国他为一个美国小女孩提供无价的帮助。那个小女孩就是我自己，而那个英国人是狄更斯。在我看来，表达我对查尔斯．狄更斯的感激，最好的方式是用白纸黑字写下他给一个在中国的美国小孩莫大的帮助。首先，你得在你的脑海里构建一个关于那个孩子的形象，她在中国偏远的山区过着一个很孤独的生活，并且她的家人都居住在山谷下有很多稻田的小山坡上的一间小平房里。在附近的地方，有一条名叫长江（扬子江）的深险的金色河流弯沿流过，而大多数中的一些地方都伴随着恐惧和灾难，而在我的童年中，最高兴、最兴奋的日子，大多是在河边度过的。她喜欢在河堤的岩石上或在泥泞的小路上慢慢行走，并且观看被撒入滚滚洪水的巨大四方形的渔网，她向洪水里看去或许一次又一次收上来的都是是空网。但是，有时很快地闪现出正在游摆的银白色鱼。她流连于渔民聚集的村落，观看他们的生活，许多婴儿都用绳子系着在浅滩里戏水。但她也看到死了的婴儿被扔到深水里。她，一个外国小孩，漫无目标地游走在村民中。在田野间的土房子里，在吃饭时，她经常拿着一碗米饭和一碗白菜并且坐在带得有门的打谷场里的农民中间吃饭，她常常保持沉默、听他们说话、而且还要忍受羞愧来回答他们善意、无心的问题、对于他们嘲笑在他们眼里她那金黄色卷发及与众不同的蓝眼睛是如此的丑陋，可她还要强颜欢笑。她知道她对于他们来说她是一个多么不同的外国人。走在大城市的街上，她已经学会了接受对老外这个词的叫喊，并且认识到她就是一个老外。从小到大，她一直知道她一个外国人。无论周围的人对她多友善，他们通常对她的确相当的友善，但她知道，对他们来说她仍然是一个来自异国他乡的人。她想知道她的亲属在哪里、他们长什么样并且和她同龄的孩子在玩些什么？但她始终不知道。在小平房里的父母非常非常地忙，他们没有时间来关注她，又由于她在早晨学得很快，因此她四处徘徊，观看并学习各种各样的事情。她很开心，但她经常想象“像她一样的其她孩子又在哪呢？”“他们居住的那个国家又是怎么样个情况呢？”我记得她很渴望能和一群像她一样的孩子游戏，但她却从来没有过这样的玩伴。 有一天，这个孤独的小女孩遇到了件不平常的事。对于读书，她的求知欲望是难以想象的。他想拥有一本儿童读物，但是这里没有，于是她就阅读任何东西-----普鲁.塔克的《希腊罗马名人传》（希腊历史学家）和佛克斯的《烈士》、圣经、教堂的历史和乔纳森.爱德华兹所谈论的热点以及出自莎士比亚的《谈话》，许多像坦尼森和布朗林这些人她根本不了解。有一天，她满脸疑惑地盯着一排放在高书架上的深蓝色书本，但她够不着那些书。过后，她发现它们是小说。但是由于她不希冒险的把三角竹凳放在小桌子上，爬上书架并注视着里面放得有她读过深黑色标题的查尔斯.狄更斯的书《雾都孤儿》的固定装置。那时她仅仅才七岁多，大约在下午三点，八月的天气是非常热的，除了不辞辛劳的父母，那个时候家人都在睡觉并且他们依然很忙很忙。她把《雾都孤儿》从书架里拿出来，这本书不厚也不薄，刚好合适，因为《艰难时世》也被捆在上面。为了一口袋花生而停留在食品储存室里，是一件将要面临很危险的举动，她匆忙离开来到只有身手敏捷的小孩才能挤进阳台的秘密角落，于是打开一本密密麻麻印得字的旧书，并从书中寻找她的玩伴。
綜合英語二上冊課文翻譯 lesson1学校要是教给我们这12种本领就好了卡尔·萨根 1.二战刚结束，我在纽约和新泽西的公立学校上了初中和高中。现在想来似乎是很久远的事了。学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般水准。因而，那时的我可以说是受益匪浅。我所学到的最重要的一点，就是要学的东西实在是太多，而我还没有学到的东西也太多。有时候，我想那时要是能学点真正重要的东西，今天我会多么地心存感激。在有些方面，当时的教育十分狭窄；关于拿破仑，在学校里我所学到的仅仅是美国从他手里买下路易斯安那。（在一个约95％的居民不是美国人的星球上，学校当局认为只有美国历史才值得讲授。）在拼写、语法、数学基础知识以及其他重要的学科的教授上，我的老师们做得相当不错。但是还有许多其他的东西，我曾希望他们教授给我。 2.或许该教而没教的缺陷自那以后已经得以纠正。照我看来似乎有许多东西（主要是态度问题、认识问题，而不是简单的对事实记忆的问题）学校应当教授——那些在以后的生活中真正有用的东西，即那些能使国家更强大、世界更美好，也能使人们更幸福的东西。人类乐于学习。这是我们人类比这个星球上其它物种做得好些的为数有限的几件事中的一件。每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出“啊，原来是这么一回事！”时的感受——也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情，一下子变得豁然开朗时的感受。 3.下面就是我列出的方法: 挑一件难事，从中学习 4.希腊哲学家苏格拉底曾经说过这是人类最大的乐趣之一，确实也是如此。与其涉足多门学科而略知一二，莫如选其一两个学科学深学透。只要你对所选的课题感兴趣，只要你的研究不脱离课题本身更为广阔的人文环境，你的课题是什么并不重要。教会你自己一个课题以后，你就会对教授你自己另一课题的能力更加充满信心。你会逐渐发现你已获得了一种主要技能。世界的变化日新月异，你必须在一生中不断地教授你自己。但不要沉溺于你感兴趣的或你擅长的第一门学科而止步不前。这个世界充满了奇妙的事物，有些我们完全长大成人之后才会发现；很遗憾，大部分我们一辈子也发现不了。 不要害怕问“愚蠢的”问题 5.许多明显幼稚的提问其实是很深刻的问题，诸如草为何是绿的，太阳为何是圆的，为什么我们的世界需要55000个核武器。对这些问题的回答很可能会使你对事物有深刻的理解。尽可能明确你有哪些事情不明弊同样也很重要，提问题就是找出不懂之处的办法。提“愚蠢的”问题，对于提问者来说需营勇气，对答问者来说需要知识和耐心。不要把自己的学习局限于课堂。与朋友深入地讨论观点或想法。明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切变得麻木不仁要勇挂得多。 仔细倾听 6.很多情况下人们谈活时，总是争相表现自己，这类交谈对双方都无多大益处。当别人在谈话时，不要费时去思考自己接下来打算说什么，而是设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使他们说这些话，你从这些话中能学到什么，你对说这些话的人又能了解到什么情况等。老年人所经历的世界与你所经历的截然不同，你也许对其知之甚少。老年人及来自其他地方和其他国家的人们有可以丰富你的生活的十分重要的对事物的看法。 人人都会犯错误 7.每个人对事物的理解都是不全面的。要乐于接受改正，学会纠正自己的错误。你应该感到丢人的倒是没有从错误中吸取教训。 了解你所处的星球 8.这是我们仅有的一个星球。要了解它是如何运作的。我们往往为了短期的利益，在尚不了解（这些做法）长远影响的情况下，正在改变大气层、改变地球的表面以及地球的水系。任何一个国家的公民至少对我们人类要走向何处都有发言权。如果我们不理解这些问题，我们就是放弃未来。 科学与技术 9.除非你了解科学与技术，否则你不会了解你所在的星球。我记得学校的理科课程专讲科学的次要方面，而对科学的深层含义几乎只字不提。现代科学的每项重大发现同时也是对人类精神的重大发现。例如，
综合英语（一）下 Lesson One The Story of an Hour 一小时的故事 Kate Chopin Learning Guide 一位已婚女士闻其丈夫惨死于火车事故，不顾自己衰弱的心脏能否经受得住，当即入放声痛哭，随后又不顾亲友的劝告将自己锁在屋内。她推开窗子，迎来外面雨后的一片春意盎然。那充满生机的景象突然唤醒了长期隐藏在她心底深处的愿望，她感到了身心从未有过的自由。正当她憧憬着未来的自由时?? 1They knew that Louise Mallard had a weak heart. So they broke the bad news gently. Her husband, Brently, was dead. 他们知道路易丝·马拉德的心脏不太好，所以把坏消息透露给她时非常委婉。她的丈夫布伦特里死 了 2“ There was a train accident, Louise, ” said her sister Josephine, quietly. 3Her husband's friend, Richards, brought the news, but Josephine told the story. She spoke in broken 4“ Richards ?waast the newspaper office. News of the accident came. Louise ?Lou iBsere, ntly's name was on the list. Brently ?was killed, Louise. ” “出了一次火车事故，路易丝。”姐姐约瑟芬轻声说道。带来消息的是她丈夫的朋友理查兹，但告诉她的是约瑟芬。约瑟芬在讲述时语不成句。 “理查兹当时正在报社，消息传了过来。路易丝??路易丝，死者的名单上有布伦特里的名字。布 伦特里??遇难了，路易丝。” 5Louise did not hear the story calmly, like some women would.She could not close her mind or her heart to the news. Like a sudden storm , her tears broke out . She cried, at once, loudly in her sister's arms. Then, just as suddenly, the tears stopped. She went to her room alone. She would not let anyone follow her. 路易丝听到这个噩耗，没有像有些妇女所可能表现的那样平静。她不可能做到无动于衷。泪水像突如其 来的暴雨，夺眶而出。她立时呼号起来，在姐姐的怀里放声大哭。随后她的泪水就像它们突然来时的那样又突然止住了。她独自走进自己的房间，不让任何人跟着进去。 6In front of the window stood a large, comfortable armchair. Into this she sank and looked out of the window. She was physically exhausted after her tears. Her body felt cold; her mind and heart were empty. 7Outside her window she could see the trees. The air smelled like spring rain. She could hear someone singing far away. Birds sang near the house. Blue sky showed between the clouds. She rested. 窗前放着一把又大又舒适的扶手椅。她疲惫地坐到椅子上，向窗外望去。哭过之后，她筋疲力尽。她浑身冰凉，脑子里和心里一片空白