Chapter 01 Introduction to Corporate Finance Answer Key
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The person generally directly responsible for overseeing the tax management, cost accounting, financial accounting, and information system functions is the:
A. treasurer.
B. director.
C. controller.
D. chairman of the board.
E. chief executive officer.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: CONTROLLER
Type: DEFINITIONS
2. The person generally directly responsible for overseeing the cash and credit functions, financial planning, and capital expenditures is the:
A. treasurer.
B. director.
C. controller.
D. chairman of the board.
E. chief operations officer.
3. The process of planning and managing a firm's long-term investments is called:
A. working capital management.
B. financial depreciation.
C. agency cost analysis.
D. capital budgeting.
E. capital structure.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: CAPITAL BUDGETING
Type: DEFINITIONS
4. The mixture of debt and equity used by a firm to finance its operations is called:
A. working capital management.
B. financial depreciation.
C. cost analysis.
D. capital budgeting.
E. capital structure.
5. The management of a firm's short-term assets and liabilities is called:
A. working capital management.
B. debt management.
C. equity management.
D. capital budgeting.
E. capital structure.
6. A business owned by a single individual is called a:
A. corporation.
B. sole proprietorship.
C. general partnership.
D. limited partnership.
E. limited liability company.
7. A business formed by two or more individuals who each have unlimited liability for business debts is called a:
A. corporation.
B. sole proprietorship.
C. general partnership.
D. limited partnership.
E. limited liability company.
8. The division of profits and losses among the members of a partnership is formalized in the:
A. indemnity clause.
B. indenture contract.
C. statement of purpose.
D. partnership agreement.
E. group charter.
9. A business created as a distinct legal entity composed of one or more individuals or entities is called a:
A. corporation.
B. sole proprietorship.
C. general partnership.
D. limited partnership.
E. unlimited liability company.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: CORPORATION
Type: DEFINITIONS
10. The corporate document that sets forth the business purpose of a firm is the:
A. indenture contract.
B. state tax agreement.
C. corporate bylaws.
D. debt charter.
E. articles of incorporation.
11. The rules by which corporations govern themselves are called:
A. indenture provisions.
B. indemnity provisions.
C. charter agreements.
D. bylaws.
E. articles of incorporation.
12. A business entity operated and taxed like a partnership, but with limited liability for the owners, is called a:
A. limited liability company.
B. general partnership.
C. limited proprietorship.
D. sole proprietorship.
E. corporation.
13. The primary goal of financial management is to:
A. maximize current dividends per share of the existing stock.
B. maximize the current value per share of the existing stock.
C. avoid financial distress.
D. minimize operational costs and maximize firm efficiency.
E. maintain steady growth in both sales and net earnings.
14. A conflict of interest between the stockholders and management of a firm is called:
A. stockholders' liability.
B. corporate breakdown.
C. the agency problem.
D. corporate activism.
E. legal liability.
15. Agency costs refer to:
A. the total dividends paid to stockholders over the lifetime of a firm.
B. the costs that result from default and bankruptcy of a firm.
C. corporate income subject to double taxation.
D. the costs of any conflicts of interest between stockholders and management.
E. the total interest paid to creditors over the lifetime of the firm.
16. A stakeholder is:
A. any person or entity that owns shares of stock of a corporation.
B. any person or entity that has voting rights based on stock ownership of a corporation.
C. a person who initially started a firm and currently has management control over the cash flows of the firm due to his/her current ownership of company stock.
D. a creditor to whom the firm currently owes money and who consequently has a claim on the cash flows of the firm.
E. any person or entity other than a stockholder or creditor who potentially has a claim on the cash flows of the firm.
17. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 is intended to:
A. protect financial managers from investors.
B. not have any effect on foreign companies.
C. reduce corporate revenues.
D. protect investors from corporate abuses.
E. decrease audit costs for U.S. firms.
18. The treasurer and the controller of a corporation generally report to the:
A. board of directors.
B. chairman of the board.
C. chief executive officer.
D. president.
E. chief financial officer.
19. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the organizational structure of
a corporation?
A. The vice president of finance reports to the chairman of the board.
B. The chief executive officer reports to the board of directors.
C. The controller reports to the president.
D. The treasurer reports to the chief executive officer.
E. The chief operations officer reports to the vice president of production.
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Type: CONCEPTS
20. Which one of the following is a capital budgeting decision?
A. determining how much debt should be borrowed from a particular lender
B. deciding whether or not to open a new store
C. deciding when to repay a long-term debt
D. determining how much inventory to keep on hand
E. determining how much money should be kept in the checking account
21. The Sarbanes Oxley Act was enacted in:
A. 1952.
B. 1967.
C. 1998.
D. 2002.
E. 2006.
22. Since the implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley, the cost of going public in the United States has:
A. increased.
B. decreased.
C. remained about the same.
D. been erratic, but over time has decreased.
E. It is impossible to tell since Sarbanes-Oxley compliance does not involve direct cost to the firm.
23. Working capital management includes decisions concerning which of the following?
I. accounts payable
II. long-term debt
III. accounts receivable
IV. inventory
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and IV only
D. I, II, and III only
E. I, III, and IV only
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Type: CONCEPTS
24. Working capital management:
A. ensures that sufficient equipment is available to produce the amount of product desired on a daily basis.
B. ensures that long-term debt is acquired at the lowest possible cost.
C. ensures that dividends are paid to all stockholders on an annual basis.
D. balances the amount of company debt to the amount of available equity.
E. is concerned with the upper portion of the balance sheet.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Type: CONCEPTS
25. Which one of the following statements concerning a sole proprietorship is correct?
A. A sole proprietorship is the least common form of business ownership.
B. The profits of a sole proprietorship are taxed twice.
C. The owners of a sole proprietorship share profits as established by the partnership agreement.
D. The owner of a sole proprietorship may be forced to sell his/her personal assets to pay company debts.
E. A sole proprietorship is often structured as a limited liability company.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP
Type: CONCEPTS
26. Which one of the following statements concerning a sole proprietorship is correct?
A. The life of the firm is limited to the life span of the owner.
B. The owner can generally raise large sums of capital quite easily.
C. The ownership of the firm is easy to transfer to another individual.
D. The company must pay separate taxes from those paid by the owner.
E. The legal costs to form a sole proprietorship are quite substantial.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP
Type: CONCEPTS
27. Which one of the following best describes the primary advantage of being a limited partner rather than a general partner?
A. entitlement to a larger portion of the partnership's income
B. ability to manage the day-to-day affairs of the business
C. no potential financial loss
D. greater management responsibility
E. liability for firm debts limited to the capital invested
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: PARTNERSHIP
Type: CONCEPTS
28. A general partner:
A. has less legal liability than a limited partner.
B. has more management responsibility than a limited partner.
C. faces double taxation whereas a limited partner does not.
D. cannot lose more than the amount of his/her equity investment.
E. is the term applied only to corporations which invest in partnerships.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: PARTNERSHIP
Type: CONCEPTS
29. A partnership:
A. is taxed the same as a corporation.
B. agreement defines whether the business income will be taxed like a partnership or a corporation.
C. terminates at the death of any general partner.
D. has less of an ability to raise capital than a proprietorship.
E. allows for easy transfer of interest from one general partner to another.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: PARTNERSHIP
Type: CONCEPTS
30. Which of the following are disadvantages of a partnership?
I. limited life of the firm
II. personal liability for firm debt
III. greater ability to raise capital than a sole proprietorship
IV. lack of ability to transfer partnership interest
A. I and II only
B. III and IV only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and IV only
E. I, III, and IV only
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: PARTNERSHIP
Type: CONCEPTS
31. Which of the following are advantages of the corporate form of business ownership?
I. limited liability for firm debt
II. double taxation
III. ability to raise capital
IV. unlimited firm life
A. I and II only
B. III and IV only
C. I, II, and III only
D. II, III, and IV only
E. I, III, and IV only
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: CORPORATION
Type: CONCEPTS
32. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning corporations?
A. The largest firms are usually corporations.
B. The majority of firms are corporations.
C. The stockholders are usually the managers of a corporation.
D. The ability of a corporation to raise capital is quite limited.
E. The income of a corporation is taxed as personal income of the stockholders.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: CORPORATION
Type: CONCEPTS
33. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. Both partnerships and corporations incur double taxation.
B. Both sole proprietorships and partnerships are taxed in a similar fashion.
C. Partnerships are the most complicated type of business to form.
D. Both partnerships and corporations have limited liability for general partners and shareholders.
E. All types of business formations have limited lives.
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: BUSINESS TYPES
Type: CONCEPTS
34. The articles of incorporation:
A. can be used to remove company management.
B. are amended annually by the company stockholders.
C. set forth the number of shares of stock that can be issued.
D. set forth the rules by which the corporation regulates its existence.
E. can set forth the conditions under which the firm can avoid double taxation.
35. The bylaws:
A. establish the name of the corporation.
B. are rules which apply only to limited liability companies.
C. set forth the purpose of the firm.
D. mandate the procedure for electing corporate directors.
E. set forth the procedure by which the stockholders elect the senior managers of the firm.
36. The owners of a limited liability company prefer:
A. being taxed like a corporation.
B. having liability exposure similar to that of a sole proprietor.
C. being taxed personally on all business income.
D. having liability exposure similar to that of a general partner.
E. being taxed like a corporation with liability like a partnership.
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Type: CONCEPTS
37. Which one of the following business types is best suited to raising large amounts of capital?
A. sole proprietorship
B. limited liability company
C. corporation
D. general partnership
E. limited partnership
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: CORPORATION
Type: CONCEPTS
38. Which type of business organization has all the respective rights and privileges of a legal person?
A. sole proprietorship
B. general partnership
C. limited partnership
D. corporation
E. limited liability company
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: CORPORATION
Type: CONCEPTS
39. Financial managers should strive to maximize the current value per share of the existing stock because:
A. doing so guarantees the company will grow in size at the maximum possible rate.
B. doing so increases the salaries of all the employees.
C. the current stockholders are the owners of the corporation.
D. doing so means the firm is growing in size faster than its competitors.
E. the managers often receive shares of stock as part of their compensation.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: GOAL OF FINANC IAL MANAGEMENT
Type: CONCEPTS
40. The decisions made by financial managers should all be ones which increase the:
A. size of the firm.
B. growth rate of the firm.
C. marketability of the managers.
D. market value of the existing owners' equity.
E. financial distress of the firm.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: GOAL OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Type: CONCEPTS
41. Which one of the following actions by a financial manager creates an agency problem?
A. refusing to borrow money when doing so will create losses for the firm
B. refusing to lower selling prices if doing so will reduce the net profits
C. agreeing to expand the company at the expense of stockholders' value
D. agreeing to pay bonuses based on the book value of the company stock
E. increasing current costs in order to increase the market value of the stockholders' equity
42. Which of the following help convince managers to work in the best interest of the stockholders?
I. compensation based on the value of the stock
II. stock option plans
III. threat of a proxy fight
IV. threat of conversion to a partnership
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I, II and III only
D. I and III only
E. I, II, III, and IV
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: AGENCY PROBLEM
Type: CONCEPTS
43. Which form of business structure faces the greatest agency problems?
A. sole proprietorship
B. general partnership
C. limited partnership
D. corporation
E. limited liability company
44. A proxy fight occurs when:
A. the board solicits renewal of current members.
B. a group solicits proxies to replace the board of directors.
C. a competitor offers to sell their ownership in the firm.
D. the firm files for bankruptcy.
E. the firm is declared insolvent.
45. Which one of the following parties is considered a stakeholder of a firm?
A. employee
B. short-term creditor
C. long-term creditor
D. preferred stockholder
E. common stockholder
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: STAKEHOLDERS
Type: CONCEPTS
46. Which of the following are key requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?
I. Officers of the corporation must review and sign annual reports.
II. Officers of the corporation must now own more than 5% of the firm's stock. III. Annual reports must list deficiencies in internal controls
IV. Annual reports must be filed with the SEC within 30 days of year end.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
E. II and IV only
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: SARBANES-OXLEY
Type: CONCEPTS
47. Insider trading is:
A. legal.
B. illegal.
C. impossible to have in our efficient market.
D. discouraged, but legal.
E. list only the securities of the largest firms.
48. Sole proprietorships are predominantly started because:
A. they are easily and cheaply setup.
B. the proprietorship life is limited to the business owner's life.
C. all business taxes are paid as individual tax.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: SOLE PROPRIETORSHIPS
Type: CONCEPTS
49. Managers are encouraged to act in shareholders' interests by:
A. shareholder election of a board of directors who select management.
B. the threat of a takeover by another firm.
C. compensation contracts that tie compensation to corporate success.
D. Both A and B.
E. All of the above.
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: GOVERNANCE
Type: CONCEPTS
50. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 focuses on:
A. all stock transactions.
B. sales of existing securities.
C. issuance of new securities.
D. insider trading.
E. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance.
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: REGULATION
Type: CONCEPTS
51. The basic regulatory framework in the United States was provided by:
A. the Securities Act of 1933.
B. the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
C. the monetary system.
D. A and B.
E. All of the above.
Difficulty level: Medium
Topic: REGULATION
Type: CONCEPTS
52. The Securities Act of 1933 focuses on:
A. all stock transactions.
B. sales of existing securities.
C. issuance of new securities.
D. insider trading.
E. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: REGULATION
Type: CONCEPTS
53. In a limited partnership:
A. each limited partner's liability is limited to his net worth.
B. each limited partner's liability is limited to the amount he put into the partnership.
C. each limited partner's liability is limited to his annual salary.
D. there is no limitation on liability; only a limitation on what the partner can earn.
E. None of the above.
Difficulty level: Easy
Topic: LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Type: CONCEPTS
54. Accounting profits and cash flows are:
A. generally the same since they reflect current laws and accounting standards.
B. generally the same since accounting profits reflect when the cash flows are received.
C. generally not the same since GAAP allows for revenue recognition separate from the receipt of cash flows.
D. generally not the same because cash inflows occur before revenue recognition.
E. Both c and d.
罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解[视频详解] 第13章风险、资本成本和资本预算[视频讲解] 13.1复习笔记 运用净现值法，按无风险利率对现金流量折现，可以准确评价无风险现金流量。然而，现实中的绝大多数未来现金流是有风险的，这就要求有一种能对有风险现金流进行折现的方法。确定风险项目净现值所用的折现率可根据资本资产定价模型CAPM（或套利模型APT）来计算。如果某无负债企业要评价一个有风险项目，可以运用证券市场线SML来确定项目所要求的收益率r s，r s也称为权益资本成本。 当企业既有债务融资又有权益融资时，所用的折现率应是项目的综合资本成本，即债务资本成本和权益资本成本的加权平均。 联系企业的风险贴现率与资本市场要求的收益率的原理在于如下一个简单资本预算原则：企业多余的现金，可以立即派发股利，投资者收到股利自己进行投资，也可以用于投资项目产生未来的现金流发放股利。从股东利益出发，股东会在自己投资和企业投资中选择期望收益率较高的一个。只有当项目的期望收益率大于风险水平相当的金融资产的期望收益率时，项目才可行。因此项目的折现率应该等于同样风险水平的金融资产的期望收益率。这也说明了资本市场价格信号作用。 1．权益资本成本 从企业的角度来看，权益资本成本就是其期望收益率，若用CAPM模型，股票的期望收益率为：
其中，R F是无风险利率，是市场组合的期望收益率与无风险利率之差，也称为期望超额市场收益率或市场风险溢价。 要估计企业权益资本成本，需要知道以下三个变量：①无风险利率；②市场风险溢价； ③公司的贝塔系数。 根据权益资本成本计算企业项目的贴现率需要有两个重要假设：①新项目的贝塔风险与企业风险相同；②企业无债务融资。 2．贝塔的估计 估算公司贝塔值的基本方法是利用T个观测值按照如下公式估计： 估算贝塔值可能存在以下问题：①贝塔可能随时间的推移而发生变化；②样本容量可能太小；③贝塔受财务杠杆和经营风险变化的影响。 可以通过如下途径解决上述问题：①第1个和第2个问题可通过采用更加复杂的统计技术加以解决；②根据财务风险和经营风险的变化对贝塔作相应的调整，有助于解决第3个问题；③注意同行业类似企业的平均β估计值。 根据企业自身历史数据来估算企业贝塔系数是一种常用方法，也有人认为运用整个行业的贝塔系数可以更好地估算企业的贝塔系数。有时两者计算的结果差异很大。总的来说，可以遵循下列原则：如果认为企业的经营与所在行业其他企业的经营十分类似，用行业贝塔降低估计误差。如果认为企业的经营与行业内其他企业的经营有着根本性差别，则应选择企业的贝塔。 3．贝塔的确定 前面介绍的回归分析方法估算贝塔并未阐明贝塔是由哪些因素决定的。主要存在以下三个因素：收入的周期性、经营杠杆和财务杠杆。
公司理财(英文版)题 库2
CHAPTER 2 Financial Statements & Cash Flow Multiple Choice Questions: I. DEFINITIONS BALANCE SHEET b 1. The financial statement showing a firm’s accounting value on a particular date is the: a. income statement. b. balance sheet. c. statement of cash flows. d. tax reconciliation statement. e. shareholders’ equity sheet. Difficulty level: Easy CURRENT ASSETS c 2. A current asset is: a. an item currently owned by the firm. b. an item that the firm expects to own within the next year. c. an item currently owned by the firm that will convert to cash within the next 12 months. d. the amount of cash on hand the firm currently shows on its balance sheet. e. the market value of all items currently owned by the firm. Difficulty level: Easy LONG-TERM DEBT b 3. The long-term debts of a firm are liabilities: a. that come due within the next 12 months. b. that do not come due for at least 12 months. c. owed to the firm’s suppliers. d. owed to the firm’s shareholde rs. e. the firm expects to incur within the next 12 months. Difficulty level: Easy NET WORKING CAPITAL e 4. Net working capital is defined as: a. total liabilities minus shareholders’ equity. b. current liabilities minus shareholders’ equity. c. fixed assets minus long-term liabilities. d. total assets minus total liabilities. e. current assets minus current liabilities. Difficulty level: Easy LIQUID ASSETS d 5. A(n) ____ asset is on e which can be quickly converted into cash without significant loss in value.
Chapter 20 Issuing Securities to the Public Multiple Choice Questions 1. An equity issue sold directly to the public is called: A. a rights offer. B. a general cash offer. C. a restricted placement. D. a fully funded sales. E. a standard call issue. 2. An equity issue sold to the firm's existing stockholders is called: A. a rights offer. B. a general cash offer. C. a private placement. D. an underpriced issue. E. an investment banker's issue. 3. Management's first step in any issue of securities to the public is: A. to file a registration form with the SEC. B. to distribute copies of the preliminary prospectus. C. to distribute copies of the final prospectus. D. to obtain approval from the board of directors. E. to prepare the tombstone advertisement. 4. A rights offering is: A. the issuing of options on shares to the general public to acquire stock. B. the issuing of an option directly to the existing shareholders to acquire stock. C. the issuing of proxies which are used by shareholders to exercise their voting rights. D. strictly a public market claim on the company which can be traded on an exchange. E. the awarding of special perquisites to management.
CHAPTER 2 Financial Statements & Cash Flow Multiple Choice Questions: I. DEFINITIONS BALANCE SHEET b 1. The financial statement showing a firm’s accounting value on a particular date is the: a. income statement. b. balance sheet. c. statement of cash flows. d. tax reconciliation statement. e. shareholders’ equity sheet. Difficulty level: Easy CURRENT ASSETS c 2. A current asset is: a. an item currently owned by the firm. b. an item that the firm expects to own within the next year. c. an item currently owned by the firm that will convert to cash within the next 12 months. d. the amount of cash on hand the firm currently shows on its balance sheet. e. the market value of all items currently owned by the firm. Difficulty level: Easy LONG-TERM DEBT b 3. The long-term debts of a firm are liabilities: a. that come due within the next 12 months. b. that do not come due for at least 12 months. c. owed to the firm’s suppliers. d. owed to the firm’s shareholders. e. the firm expects to incur within the next 12 months. Difficulty level: Easy NET WORKING CAPITAL e 4. Net working capital is defined as: a. total liabilities minus shareholders’ equity. b. current liabilities minus shareholders’ equity. c. fixed assets minus long-term liabilities. d. total assets minus total liabilities. e. current assets minus current liabilities. Difficulty level: Easy LIQUID ASSETS d 5. A(n) ____ asset is on e which can be quickly converted into cash without significant loss in value.
Chapter 30 Financial Distress Multiple Choice Questions 1. Financial distress can be best described by which of the following situations in which the firm is forced to take corrective action? A. Cash payments are delayed to creditors. B. The market value of the stock declines by 10%. C. The firm's operating cash flow is insufficient to pay current obligations. D. Cash distributions are eliminated because the board of directors considers the surplus account to be low. E. None of the above. 2. Insolvency can be defined as: A. not having cash. B. being illiquid. C. an inability to pay one's debts. D. an inability to increase one's debts. E. the present value of payments being less than assets. 3. Stock-based insolvency is a: A. income statement measurement. B. balance sheet measurement. C. a book value measurement only. D. Both A and C. E. Both B and C. 4. Flow-based insolvency is: A. a balance sheet measurement. B. a negative equity position. C. when operating cash flow is insufficient to meet current obligations. D. inability to pay one's debts. E. Both C and D.
Chapter 13 Risk, Cost of Capital, and Capital Budgeting Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. The weighted average of the firm's costs of equity, preferred stock, and after tax debt is the: A. reward to risk ratio for the firm. B. expected capital gains yield for the stock. C. expected capital gains yield for the firm. D. portfolio beta for the firm. E. weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Difficulty level: Easy Topic: WACC Type: DEFINITIONS 2. If the CAPM is used to estimate the cost of equity capital, the expected excess market return is equal to the: A. return on the stock minus the risk-free rate. B. difference between the return on the market and the risk-free rate. C. beta times the market risk premium. D. beta times the risk-free rate. E. market rate of return. Difficulty level: Easy Topic: CAPM Type: DEFINITIONS
Chapter 04 Discounted Cash Flow Valuation Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. An annuity stream of cash flow payments is a set of: A.level cash flows occurring each time period for a fixed length of time. B. level cash flows occurring each time period forever. C. increasing cash flows occurring each time period for a fixed length of time. D. increasing cash flows occurring each time period forever. E. arbitrary cash flows occurring each time period for no more than 10 years. Difficulty level: Easy Topic: ANNUITY Type: DEFINITIONS
2. Annuities where the payments occur at the end of each time period are called _____, whereas _____ refer to annuity streams with payments occurring at the beginning of each time period. A. ordinary annuities; early annuities B. late annuities; straight annuities C. straight annuities; late annuities D. annuities due; ordinary annuities E.ordinary annuities; annuities due Difficulty level: Easy Topic: ANNUITIES DUE Type: DEFINITIONS
第一章 1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。 2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。 3.这句话是不正确的。管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值，当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。 4.有两种结论。一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。因此所有目标都有一个最优水平，包括避免不道德或非法的行为，股票价值最大化。另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。请问公司应该怎么做呢” 5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。 6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。如果管理层认为能提高公司利润，使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。现在的管理层经常在公司面临这些恶意收购的情况时迷失自己的方向。 7.其他国家的代理问题并不严重,主要取决于其他国家的私人投资者占比重较小。较少的私人投资者能减少不同的企业目标。高比重的机构所有权导致高学历的股东和管理层讨论决策风险项目。此外,机构投资者比私人投资者可以根据自己的资源和经验更好地对管理层实施有效的监督机制。 { 8.大型金融机构成为股票的主要持有者可能减少美国公司的代理问题，形成更有效率的公司控制权市场。但也不一定能。如果共同基金或者退休基金的管理层并不关心的投资者的利益，代理问题可能仍然存在,甚至有可能增加基金和投资者之间的代理问题。（3）就像市场需求其他劳动力一样，市场也需求首席执行官，首席执行官的薪酬是由市
Chapter 16 Capital Structure: Basic Concepts Multiple Choice Questions 1. The use of personal borrowing to change the overall amount of financial leverage to which an individual is exposed is called: A. homemade leverage. B. dividend recapture. C. the weighted average cost of capital. D. private debt placement. E. personal offset. 2. The proposition that the value of the firm is independent of its capital structure is called: A. the capital asset pricing model. B. MM Proposition I. C. MM Proposition II. D. the law of one price. E. the efficient markets hypothesis. 3. The proposition that the cost of equity is a positive linear function of capital structure is called: A. the capital asset pricing model. B. MM Proposition I. C. MM Proposition II. D. the law of one price. E. the efficient markets hypothesis. 4. The tax savings of the firm derived from the deductibility of interest expense is called the: A. interest tax shield. B. depreciable basis. C. financing umbrella. D. current yield. E. tax-loss carry forward savings.
CHAPTER 8 Making Capital Investment Decisions I. DEFINITIONS INCREMENTAL CASH FLOWS a 1. The changes in a firm's future cash flows that are a direct consequence of accepting a project are called _____ cash flows. a. incremental b. stand-alone c. after-tax d. net present value e. erosion Difficulty level: Easy EQUIVALENT ANNUAL COST e 2. The annual annuity stream o f payments with the same present value as a project's costs is called the project's _____ cost. a. incremental b. sunk c. opportunity d. erosion e. equivalent annual Difficulty level: Easy SUNK COSTS c 3. A cost that has already been paid, or the liability to pay has already been incurred, is a(n): a. salvage value expense. b. net working capital expense. c. sunk cost. d. opportunity cost. e. erosion cost. Difficulty level: Easy OPPORTUNITY COSTS d 4. Th e most valuable investment given up i f an alternative investment is chosen is a(n): a. salvage value expense. b. net working capital expense.
公司理财罗斯课后习题 答案 集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]
第一章 1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。 2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。 3.这句话是不正确的。管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值，当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。 4.有两种结论。一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。因此所有目标都有一个最优水平，包括避免不道德或非法的行为，股票价值最大化。另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。请问公司应该怎么做呢” 5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。 6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。如果管理层认为能提高公司利润，使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。现在的管理层经常在公司面临这些恶意收购的情况时迷失自己的方向。 7.其他国家的代理问题并不严重,主要取决于其他国家的私人投资者占比重较小。较少的私人投资者能减少不同的企业目标。高比重的机构所有权导致高学历的股东和管理层讨论决策风险项目。此外,机构投资者比私人投资者可以根据自己的资源和经验更好地对管理层实施有效的监督机制。 8.大型金融机构成为股票的主要持有者可能减少美国公司的代理问题，形成更有效率的公司控制权市场。但也不一定能。如果共同基金或者退休基金的管理层并不关心的投资者的利益，代理问题可能仍然存在,甚至有可能增加基金和投资者之间的代理问题。
CHAPTER 20 INTERNATIONAL CORPORATE FINANCE Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. a. The dollar is selling at a premium because it is more expensive in the forward market than in the spot market (SFr 1.53 versus SFr 1.50). b.The franc is expected to depreciate relative to the dollar because it will take more francs to buy one dollar in the future than it does today. c.Inflation in Switzerland is higher than in the United States, as are nominal interest rates. 2.The exchange rate will increase, as it will take progressively more pesos to purchase a dollar. This is the relative PPP relationship. 3.a.The Australian dollar is expected to weaken relative to the dollar, because it will take more A$ in the future to buy one dollar than it does today. b.The inflation rate in Australia is higher. c.Nominal interest rates in Australia are higher; relative real rates in the two countries are the same. 4. A Yankee bond is most accurately described by d. 5. No. For example, if a cou ntry’s currency strengthens, imports bee cheaper (good), but its exports bee more expensive for others to buy (bad). The reverse is true for currency depreciation. 6.Additional advantages include being closer to the final consumer and, thereby, saving on transportation, significantly lower wages, and less exposure to exchange rate risk. Disadvantages include political risk and costs of supervising distant operations. 7. One key thing to remember is that dividend payments are made in the home currency. More generally, it may be that the owners of the multinational are primarily domestic and are ultimately concerned about their wealth denominated in their home currency because, unlike a multinational, they are not internationally diversified.
CHAPTER 8 MAKING CAPITAL INVESTMENT DECISIONS Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. In this context, an opportunity cost refers to the value of an asset or other input that will be used in a project. The relevant cost is what the asset or input is actually worth today, not, for example, what it cost to acquire. 2. a.Yes, the reduction in the sales of the company’s other products, referred to as erosion, and should be treated as an incremental cash flow. These lost sales are included because they are a cost (a revenue reduction) that the firm must bear if it chooses to produce the new product. b. Yes, expenditures on plant and equipment should be treated as incremental cash flows. These are costs of the new product line. However, if these expenditures have already occurred, they are sunk costs and are not included as incremental cash flows. c. No, the research and development costs should not be treated as incremental cash flows. The costs of research and development undertaken on the product during the past 3 years are sunk costs and should not be included in the evaluation of the project. Decisions made and costs incurred in the past cannot be changed. They should not affect the decision to accept or reject the project. d. Yes, the annual depreciation expense should be treated as an incremental cash flow. Depreciation expense must be taken into account when calculating the cash flows related to a given project. While depreciation is not a cash expense that directly affects c ash flow, it decreases a firm’s net
Chapter 21 Leasing Multiple Choice Questions 1.In a lease arrangement, the owner of the asset is: A.the lesser. B.the lessee. C.the lessor. D.the leaser. E.None of the above. 2.In a lease arrangement, the user of the asset is: A.the lesser. B.the lessee. C.the lessor. D.the leaser. E.None of the above. 3.Which of the following would not be a characteristic of a financial lease? A.They are not usually fully amortized. B.They usually do not have maintenance necessary for the leased assets. C.They usually do not include a cancellation option. D.The lessee usually has the right to renew the lease at expiration. E.All of the above are characteristics of financial leases.
4.An independent leasing company supplies ___________ leases versus the manufacturer who supplies ________________ leases. A.leveraged; direct B.sales and leaseback; sales-type C.capital; sales-type D.direct; sales-type E.None of the above
Chapter 2: Accounting Statements and Cash Flow 2.1 Assets Current assets Cash $ 4,000 Accounts receivable 8,000 Total current assets $ 12,000 Fixed assets Machinery $ 34,000 Patents 82,000 Total fixed assets $116,000 Total assets $128,000 Liabilities and equity Current liabilities Accounts payable $ 6,000 Taxes payable 2,000 Total current liabilities $ 8,000 Long-term liabilities Bonds payable $7,000 Stockholders equity Common stock ($100 par) $ 88,000 Capital surplus 19,000 Retained earnings 6,000 Total stockholders equity $113,000 Total liabilities and equity $128,000 2.2 One year ago Today Long-term debt $50,000,000 $50,000,000 Preferred stock 30,000,000 30,000,000 Common stock 100,000,000 110,000,000 Retained earnings 20,000,000 22,000,000 Total $200,000,000 $212,000,000 2.3 Income Statement $500,000 Less: Cost of goods sold $200,000 Administrative expenses 100,000 300,000 Earnings before interest and taxes $200,000 Less: Interest expense 50,000 Earnings before Taxes $150,000 Taxes 51,000 Net income $99,000
Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 12e (Ross) Chapter 11 Project Analysis and Evaluation 1) Forecasting risk is defined as the possibility that: A) some proposed projects will be rejected. B) some proposed projects will be temporarily delayed. C) incorrect decisions will be made due to erroneous cash flow projections. D) some projects will be mutually exclusive. E) tax rates could change over the life of a project. 2) The key means of defending against forecasting risk is to: A) rely primarily on the net present value method of analysis. B) increase the discount rate assigned to a project. C) shorten the life of a project. D) identify sources of value within a project. E) ignore any potential salvage value that might be realized. 3) Steve is fairly cautious when analyzing a new project and thus he projects the most optimistic, the most realistic, and the most pessimistic outcome that can reasonably be expected. Which type of analysis is he using? A) Simulation testing B) Sensitivity analysis C) Break-even analysis D) Rationing analysis E) Scenario analysis 4) Scenario analysis is best suited to accomplishing which one of the following when analyzing a project? A) Determining how fixed costs affect NPV B) Estimating the residual value of fixed assets C) Identifying the potential range of reasonable outcomes D) Determining the minimal level of sales required to break-even on an accounting basis E) Determining the minimal level of sales required to break-even on a financial basis 5) Which one of the following will be used in the computation of the best-case analysis of a proposed project? A) Minimal number of units that are expected to be produced and sold B) The lowest expected salvage value that can be obtained for a project's fixed assets C) The most anticipated sales price per unit D) The lowest variable cost per unit that can reasonably be expected E) The highest level of fixed costs that is actually anticipated