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英语动词八种时态

英语动词八种时态
英语动词八种时态

一、一般现在时

(一)定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或存在的状态,还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。

例:I get up at 6:30 in the morning. She is at home.

(二)构成主要用动词原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,在动词词尾加s/es。

(三)句型1、肯定句:主语+谓语+其他。She reads English everyday .

2、否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning.

3、一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+V原+其他?Do you like English?Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.

4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他?What time do you get up every morning? Where does your father work?

(三)用法

1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或存在的状态,带与表示频率的时间状语如:often , sometimes , usually,always , everyday year,month...), once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。I leave home for school at seven every morning.

2、表示客观真理,科学事实、格言警句。The sun rises in the east .日出东方。The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。T en minus two is eight.十减二等于八。

Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。,The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。

3、根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。

I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.

4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态",其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如:

He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。

Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。

All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others. 我妹妹总是乐于助人。

(四)动词第三人称单数形式变化规则

1、一般情况下,动词后直接加-s; 如:help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。

2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾加-es; 如:dress-dresses,f ix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。

3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加-es; 如:study--studies,fly-f lies,carry--carries等。

4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时,hav e改为has,如:He has an interesting book .

5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改为is

二、一般过去时

(一)结构一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。

注:在一般过去时的句子中,谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词,其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用,were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子,变否定句时,直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t,变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首,句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当,如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时,可与任何人称连用,句子变否定时,要在主语后面,动词的前面加didn’t,动词用原形;一般疑问句是把did提到句首,动词用原形。

I was in Shanghai last year. I wasn’t in Shanghai last year. Were you in Shanghai last year? He went to the park yesterday. He didn’t go to the park yesterday? Did he go to the park yesterday?

1、肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他。I was in Beijing yesterday. I went to the beach yesterday.

2、否定句:主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他。主语+didn’t + V原+其他。I wasn’t in Beijing yesterday. I didn’t go to the beach yesterday.

3、一般疑问句:was/ were+主语+V原+其他?Did +主语+V原+其他?Were you in Beijing yesterday?Did you go to the beach yesterday?

4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他?特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他?Where were you yesterday?Where did you go yesterday?

(三)用法1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况,常与明确的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last week(month , year...),...ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of (i)

1980等连用。如:At the age of ten, she began to learn to play the piano.

2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .

3、在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。He said he wouldn’t go if it rained.

(四)动词过去式的规则变化

1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked 2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如practice-practiced;

3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 的动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加ed, 如study studied; 4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母,再加ed, 如stop stopped。

不规则动词表

Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tense

catch caught come came

do did draw drew

drink drank drive drove

eat ate fall fell

am is was are were

begin begun break broke

bring brought build built

buy bought can could

动词过去式的记忆口诀

动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事;be用was或用were, have, has变had;

谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志;一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记。

否定句很简单, 主语之后didn’t添;疑问句也不难, did放在主语前;

如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原;动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添。

三、一般将来时

(一)概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。There will be an English party next Saturday. We will come to see you tomorrow.

(二)结构

1、由will +动词原形构成,其will适用于各种人称,与主语连在一起时,常常缩写为’ll。变否定句时,只需在will后加not,可缩写为won’t 。在疑问句中,will需提前,构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。

2、shall+动词原形(常用于主语为第一人称)I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。

3、be going to+动词原形(打算、准备做某事)He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。

(三)用法1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语,如:tomorrow, nex t day(week,month,year....),this evening (weekend …), in the future , in a few minutes,the day after tomorrow ,by...,soon 等连用。I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week . I hope you won’t be late next time .

2、当主句为一般现在时,在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引导的时间或条件句中,要用一般现在时表将来。I’ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .

五、现在进行时

(一)结构由Be(am/is/are) +动词—ing 构成。

(二)用法1、表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为,或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动作。常用时间状语及标志词:now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等。Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room .

2、表示一种渐进的过程。My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English .

3、与always , all the time , forever等连用,表示说话人某种强烈的情感,如:赞许、批评;喜欢、厌恶等。例如:

He is always thinking of others , not of himself . (表示赞许)他总是为他人着想,而不为自己。She is often doing well at school. (表示满意)她在学校学习挺不错的。

Are you feeling better today? (表示亲切)你今天觉得好一些吗?One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.(表示不满)我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。

Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .(表示不喜欢)有些推销员老是敲我家的门, 向我们推销他们的产品。

4、表示移位的动词,如go,come,leave,start,arrive等,其现在进行时可表将来。She is leaving for Beijing next weak. My friend is coming for dinner.

1、肯定句:主语+ be(am/is/are) +动词—ing +其他。I am studying now.

2、否定句:主语+ be +not+动词—ing +其他。I am not studying now.

3、一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词—ing +其他?Is she studying now? Yes, she is ./No,she isn’t .

4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ Be+主语+动词—ing +其他?What are you doing now ?

(四)动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法:

1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。 read-reading ,go-going ,visit-visiting

2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing。 live-living, write-writing,make-making,take-taking

3、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写这个字母再加-ing 。

sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running, put-putting

4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y再加-ing。 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying

六、过去进行时

(一)结构由was/were+动词-ing构成。

(二)用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明,如:at this time yesterday,at 7:00 yesterday ,last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .

注意:(1)以when引导的时间状语从句中,从句动作,主句用过去进行时,表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。When he called me , I was having dinner .

(2)以while引导的时间状语从句中,从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,while常译为“当……的时候,同时”。

T om was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV .

七、现在完成时

(一)含义现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。

e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是:现在我没有钱花了。) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了。)

Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱。) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)

(二)结构助动词have /has+动词过去分词,主语为第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have 。

1、肯定句:主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。I have studied English for 5 years .

2、否定句:主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。We haven’t been there .

3、一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他?Has he eaten that apple ?

4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他?

(四)用法

1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。e.g. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.

2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.

I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?

3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:

e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.

I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions.

4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far

e.g. Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has bee too much rain this year.

The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful.

5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。

e.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语) Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)

6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。e.g. We have had four texts this semester.

现在完成时中的时间状语:

★already通常用于肯定句中,意为“已经”,位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾,表示惊讶。例如:

We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already?

★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”;用于否定句中,表示“还(没)”。例如:

—Has he found his watch yet?他还没找到他的表吗?—No, not yet. 是, 还没有。

★ever意为“曾经”,常用于疑问句或否定句中,位于助动词和过去分词之间,表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如:

Have you ever been there?你曾经去过那里吗?Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。

★never意为“(曾经)从未、没有”, 是否定副词,在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如:

I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。

★just意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。

e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。

★just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。

★for 和since的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用,since 与时间点连用。

注意:since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.

I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai. I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.

★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has

been in的区别。

have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了

have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用 e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。

She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗?但不能说Have you gone to Qingdao?

八、过去完成时

(一)过去完成时的概念

过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生的动作或状态,即过去的过去。图示如下:

----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->

过去完成过去现在将来

1、肯定句:主语+had+过去分词When we got there, the football match had already started.

2、否定句:主语+had not+过去分词He hadn’t worked for two years by then.

3、疑问句:had+主语+过去分词…?Had he finished the work by last month?

(三)用法

1、过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态; 句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。

e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.

2、过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。例如:

Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.

3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

4、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

5、by the time “直到……时候”。指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间。如:By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.

6、表示意向的动词, 如hope, wish, ex pect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用过去完成时表示“原本…,未能…”。例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 用适当的介词填空

常见的八种英语时态详解精编版

常见的八种英语时态详解 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种 1. 一般现在时 基本结构:①be动词am/is/are;②行为动词原形或单数第三人称。 否定形式:①am /is /are +________;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加_________,如主语为第三人称单数,则用___________,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,用does,同时,还原行为动词。 提示词:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。 She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。 2)仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。 这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态",其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如:

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