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江西省临川一中2013-2014学年高一下学期期末考试化学试题

江西省临川一中2013-2014学年高一下学期期末考试化学试题
江西省临川一中2013-2014学年高一下学期期末考试化学试题

江西省临川一中2013-2014学年高一下学期期末考试化学试题

一、选择题(本大题含16小题,每小题3分,共48分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意)

1.下列过程前者属于物理变化,后者属于化学变化的是

A .碳酸钠晶体的风化、硫酸铜检验水

B .煤的干馏、石油的裂化

C .碘的升华、熔融的氯化镁导电

D .煤的气化、用浸泡过高锰酸钾溶液的硅藻土保鲜水果

2.下列说法不正确的是

A .化学反应中一定有化学键断裂,同时也有化学键形成

B .含有共价键的化合物必是共价化合物

C .含有阴离子的化合物一定含有阳离子

D .金属元素和非金属元素形成的化合物不一定是离子化合物

3.下列反应中,反应后固体物质增重的是

A .乙醇蒸气通过灼热的CuO 粉末

B .二氧化碳通过Na 2O 2粉末

C .铝与V 2O 5发生铝热反应

D .将锌粒投入Cu(NO 3)2溶液

4.化学科学需要借助化学专用语言描述,下列有关化学用语正确的是

A .羟基的电子式为:

B .HClO 的结构式:H —Cl —O

C .丙烷分子的比例模型:

D . S 2-的结构示意图:

5.下列大小比较正确的是

A .离子半径:Na +>Mg 2+>Al 3+>Cl — ;原子半径:Na>Mg>Al>Cl

B .稳定性:HF>H 2O>NH 3>CH 4 ; 还原性: HF < H 2O < NH 3< CH 4

C .碱性:CsOH>KOH>Mg(OH)2>NaOH ; 金属性:Cs>K>Mg>Na

D .酸性:HClO>H 2SO 4>H 2CO 3;非金属性Cl>S>C

6.下列烷烃在光照下与氯气反应,生成3种二氯代烃的是

7.设N A 为阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列有关叙述正确的是

A .标准状况下,1L 庚烷完全燃烧后,所生成的气态产物的分子数为

B .100 mL 0.1 mol/L CH 3COOH 溶液跟足量锌反应,生成的氢气分子数为0.01 N A

C .0.1 mol CH 4所含质子数为N A

D .0.5mol C 2H 4中含有的C=C 双键数为N A

8.糖类、脂肪和蛋白质是维持人体生命活动所必需的三大营养物质,以下叙述正确的是

A .植物通过光合作用将CO 2转化成葡萄糖是太阳能转变成热能的过程

B .油脂属于酯类化合物,油脂的水解反应叫皂化反应

C .淀粉与纤维素互称为同分异构体

D .浓硝酸溅在皮肤上,使皮肤呈黄色是由于浓硝酸和蛋白质发生了颜色反应

9.有两种气态烷烃的混合物,在标准状况下,密度为1.16g/L ,则下列关于此混合物组成的说法正确的是

A .一定有甲烷

B .一定有乙烷

C .可能是甲烷和戊烷的混合物

D .可能是乙烷和丙烷的混合物

10.已知A 、B 、C 、D 均是气体,反应A+B

C+D 的能量变化如图所示,下列说法正确的是

A .当A 的正反应速率与C 的逆反应速率相同时处于平衡状态

:O :H ¨ ¨

B.当A、B、C、D的浓度相同时,反应处于平衡状态

C.反应物的总键能量低于生成物的总键能

D.该反应是放热反应

11.有机化合物可能发生的化学反应有

①加成②氧化③燃烧④加聚⑤取代

A.①②③B.①②③④⑤C.①②③④D.①③④

12.某学生进行蔗糖的水解实验,并检验水解产物中是否含有葡萄糖。他的操作如下:取少量纯蔗糖加水配成溶液;在蔗糖溶液中加入3~5ml稀硫酸;将混合液煮沸几分钟,冷却;在冷却后的溶液中加入新制的氢氧化铜,加热至沸腾,但没有观察到砖红色沉淀。其原因是

A.蔗糖尚未水解B.蔗糖水解的产物中没有葡萄糖

C.加热时间不够D.煮沸后的溶液中没有加碱中和作催化剂的硫酸

13.下列过程因发生取代反应而产生的是

A.乙烯使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色

B.将苯加入溴水中,振荡后水层接近无色

C.将苯、浓硫酸、浓硝酸混合后在50℃—60 ℃水浴中加热

D.液态植物油与氢气反应生成固态物质

14.除去括号内杂质所用试剂和方法,正确的是

A.乙醇(乙酸)KOH溶液分液

B.乙烯(SO2)KMnO4溶液洗气

C.乙烷(乙烯)H2(催化剂)催化加氢

D.乙醇(水)CaO 蒸馏

15.某温度下,在2L容器中3种物质间进行反应,X、Y、Z的物质的量随时间的变化曲线如右图。下列

叙述错误

..的是

A.该反应的化学方程式是2X3Y+Z

B.在t1min时,该反应达到了平衡状态

C.t1min时,X、Y、Z的反应速率相等

D.当该反应已达到平衡状态时,每生成1molZ的同时生成2molX 16.某原电池装置如下图所示,电池总反应为2Ag+Cl2=2AgCl。下列说法正确的是

A.正极反应为AgCl +e-=Ag +Cl-

B.放电时,交换膜右侧溶液中有大量白色沉淀生成

C.若用NaCl溶液代替盐酸,则电池总反应随之改变

D.当电路中转移0.01 mol e-时,交换膜左侧溶液中约减少0.02 mol离子

第Ⅱ卷(填空题,共52分)

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