英语中几种常见的修辞格
对于一个具有一定英语水平的人来说，谙熟其修辞方式，不仅有助于辨别该语言的各种修辞现象，了解修辞运用的规律，从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力，而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。为此，本文想就英语中几种常见的修辞格粗略地谈谈自己的看法。
一、比喻(the figures of speech) 比喻是语言艺术的升华，是最富有诗意的语言形式之一，是语言的信息功能和美学功能的有机结合。英语中常见的比喻有三类：明喻、隐喻和转喻。1.明喻(the simile) 明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出，说明本体事物象喻体事物，用介词like，连词as，as if，as…so，动词seem等以及句型A…to B as C…to D
等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。人们往往有这样的错觉，认为比喻修辞只适用于文学类的各种文体，而非文学类论著，如科技之类应用文体，为了表达的正确性、严密性与科学性，是排斥比喻的。事实上，在英语的科技类的论著中，为了把描象的事物说得具体化、形象化，把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，也经常使用比喻。例如：(1)Bacteria are so small that a single round one of acommon type is about 1／25,000 of an in ch across when thesebacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only aslarge as apencil point.细菌是这样小，一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1／25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔尖那么大。
(2)There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that,like photographic film,it wil l record pictures and designs.现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃，它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外，还有许许多多常用的明喻习语。例如：as long as it′s broad半斤八两；结果一样as clear as crystal清如水晶这
类利用双声增强美感的明喻习语简洁明快，短小精悍，语言形象，比喻恰切，令人回味无穷，运用得当，可以达到表达生动、形象的效果。2.隐喻(the metaphor) 它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物
的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方。举一个简单的例子：Argument is war.实际上argument和war是两种不同的事物，前者是口语谈论，后者是武装冲突。但argument和war都可能十分激烈，因此该句用战争(war)来暗指辨论(argum ent)激烈的程度。再如：(1)He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。(2)To me,the pegeant of seasons is a thrilling and unendingdrama.对于我来说，四季的奇妙变幻犹如一出动人心弦永不完结的戏。英语中有许多数词习语和俚语，主要用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。许多数词习语和俚语本身所代表的数字意思，在某种情况下往往失去具体的含义，引申演变为与某一事物相关或具有某一事物特征的含义。例如：(1)A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如：to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧to plough the sand白费力气这些隐喻成语的最大特色就是通过具体的、妇孺皆知的形象来表情达意。请看：a square peg in a roun d hole用“园洞中的方钉”，来说明“不适宜担任某一职务的人”，真是十分恰当；between the devil and the deepsea,一边是魔鬼，另一边是大海，叫人走投无路，十分传神地表达出“进退两难”的境界。(3)转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如：(1)The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses喻指司机driv ers)。(2)The pen is mightier than the sword.文人胜于武士(以pen，sword喻指使用这物的人)。英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字，除本义外，常可转借喻人，形象生动，意味隽永。例如：(1)Mrs Smith is nice but her husband is such a bear thatnobody likes him.史密斯夫人和蔼可亲，但她丈夫为人粗鲁，脾气暴躁，谁都不喜欢他(以兽喻人)。(2)She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。比喻是英语中最为常见的，用得十分广泛的一种修辞格。论证问题，说明道理以及描绘人物、事物、景物等等，都用得着。它的基本作用是把事物或事理说得具体、生动、形象，使人可见可感可悟，以增强语言的说服力和感染力。
二、借代(the synecdoche) 比喻一定要用一种事物比方另一种事物，无论明喻、隐喻和转喻都是如此。转喻虽然表面上只剩下喻体事物，省去了本体事
物，但仍然是两种事物相比。然而借代只有一种事物，不过没说出该事物原来的名称，另外借用一个名称来代替它。修辞中这种“换一个名称”的办法，就是借代。替代的方式可以是人、物互代，部分和全体互代，单数代复数，描象代替具体或具体代替抽象等等。例如：(1)The river is crowded with masts.河中帆樯林立(用船的一部分樯mast代替船boat本身)。(2)Our second year we attacked Homer.第二年我们攻读荷马的作品(以人Homer代替其作品)。使用借代修辞方式要选用最突出最明显的事物特征来代替事物名称。借代运用得好，能使语言表达简洁明快、具体、形象，以避免重复、累赘，并给人以新鲜感。
三、夸张(the exaggeration) 把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张，即采用“言过其实”的说法，使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。例如：(1)The old man lived a year in a minute.老人度日如年。(2)The wretched man because famous overnight.这可怜人竟一夜之间出了名。英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。
四、拟人(the personifjcation) 所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。例如：(1)Necessity is the mother of invention.需要乃是发明之母。(2)She is the favoured child of Fortune她是幸运之宠儿。两句中名词mother和
child通常用于人，而这里分别用于无生命的名词invention和Fortune，使这两个词拟人化了。拟人法英语中用得也很多。运用得好，不仅使语言表达得生动、有力，而且给人以亲切、实在的感受。
五、反语(the irony) 反语就是说反话，用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。例如：(1)There is no easy job in language learning.语言学习不是一件容易事(no easy job＝difficult j ob). (2)He seldom failed to order a bleeding.他很少不给病人放血(实际上他常常给病人放血)。英语中有些明喻习语在使用时也是以反语的形式出现的。如：as welcome as a storm象欢迎
暴风雨一样受欢迎(实则“不得人心”)；as slender in the middle as a cow
in the waist腰细如牛(实际是“腰粗如牛”)。用反语来表达思想、观点或描绘事物，实际上是一种意重语轻的修辞方式，常常含有讽刺、幽默或揶揄的意味。
六、头韵与拟声(the alliteration and oh omatopoeia) 1.头韵。头韵即连续数个单词的头音或头字母相同，这种现象在英语中常见。例如：(1)He is all fire and fight.他从不放弃任何机会。(2)There was something simple,sincere in that voice.那声音里有种纯朴真诚的东西。2.拟声。拟声是词模拟人，其它有生命或无生命物的声音。英语拟声词兼有双重功能，即融“拟声”与表示动作为一体。例如：(1)He flopped down the bag and ran to help us.他噗地一声放下袋子，赶来帮助我们。(2)The door banged shut.门砰地一声关上了。头韵与拟声修辞方式能使语言具有音韵美，可增加口头或书面表达的实际音感，给人以声情并茂的美感。修辞所追求的效果是语言表达得完美。修辞格是达到此境界的重要方式之一。要正确、恰当地运用修辞格，涉及的问题很多。其中一个十分重要的问题是切勿忘记，语言的完美必然建筑在语言的正确、准确使用的基础上，因此修辞格的运用不仅必须以合乎语法规则为前提，还要以合乎逻辑──正确思维方法为前提。
本文根据《大学英语》中出现的最常见的几种修辞格加以分析，希望有助于大家在学习英语的过程中能够恰当地选择修辞手段来丰富自己的表达。 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。例如： ●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsint oshis wrinkled face.(他往后一跳，好像被什么东西叮了一下似的，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。)在《品尝家》一文中老人对“我”的慷慨施舍的反应如同被蜜蜂叮过一样，生动地刻画出一个处境凄凉内心却极度敏感的可怜老人的形象。 ●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。)《礼物》一文中，老太太喜迎八十大寿，大女儿不来庆祝，只寄来一张支票。作者把这张支票比作断了翅膀的小鸟，形象地表达出此刻老太太希望破灭，极度伤心的心情。 暗喻(Metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。例如： ●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆，父母该怎么办呢？)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。 ●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风，而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬
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剪纸paper-cuts 除夕the eve of the lunar New Year 守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 放爆竹let off firecrackers 拜年pay a New Year visit 团圆饭family reunion dinner 敬酒propose a toast 红包red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper) 舞狮lion dance 舞龙dragon dance 灯笼lantern 灯谜riddles written on lanterns 灯会exhibit of lanterns 表示主要的，重要的词primary, major, main, chief, important, essential, significant 表示充足的enough, sufficient, plenty, abundant 表示适当的appropriate 表示提升，改善，加强enhance, improve, strengthen 表示合法valid, legal, lawful, rightful 表示卓越不凡extraordinary, excellent, uncommon, remarkable, outstanding. 表示很有名气well-known, noticeable, famous 表示义务，有责任去做compulsory, required, obligatory 表示积极，主动positive, proactive 表示合理sound, rational, correct, sensible, logical,
常见英文修辞手法（Figures of Speech） 英文的修辞手法种类繁多，功能多样，但总体说来，采用修辞手法，目的是为了使表达生动、形象，有感染力，给人以美感，即实现许渊冲先生所指的的语言的三美：“音美、形美和意美”。 1. figures of comparison: simile, metaphor. (resemblance of two identities) Simile: a figure involves an expressed comparison, always introduced by “like”, “as”or “as if”. e.g.: a. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (Alice Walker: Everyday Use for Your Grandmama) b. Maggie?s hand is as limp as a fish. (Alice Walker: Everyday Use for Your Grandmama) Metaphor: the substitution of one thing for another because of the resemblance between them. It is an implied comparison without “as” or “like”. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be used metaphorically. e.g.: a. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. (The Middle Eastern Bazaar) b. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters? market lie elsewhere in the maze of the vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. (The Middle Eastern Bazaar) c. Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. (The Trial that Rocked the World) d. H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him…(The Trial that Rocked the World) 2. Personification: a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sensibility. 1）TO inanimate objects（把无生命的物体拟人化）e.g.: a. The thirsty soil drank in the rain. b. The mist, like love, plays upon the heart of the hills and brings out surprises of beauty. 2) to inanimate living organisms (把有生物拟人化) e.g. a. He (the Fox) muttered as he retreated: “Well! What does it matter! The Grapes are sour!”…. ( Aesop’s Fables) b. Stray birds of summer come to my window to sing and fly away. And yellow leaves of autumn, which have no songs, flutter and fall there with a sigh. (Tagore: Stray Birds) 3) To inanimate concepts or ideas (把抽象概念拟人化) e.g.: a. Wrong cannot afford defeat but Right can. (谬误经不起失败，但真理却不怕失败) (Tagore: Stray Birds)
1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费：basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全：economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库：grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market 37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering
Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译 序号英文术语中文术语 1 backplane 背板 2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考 3 benchtop supply 工作台电源 4 Block Diagram 方块图 5 Bode Plot 波特图 6 Bootstrap 自举 7 Bottom FET Bottom FET 8 bucket capcitor 桶形电容 9 chassis 机架 10 Combi-sense Combi-sense 11 constant current source 恒流源 12 Core Sataration 铁芯饱和 13 crossover frequency 交*频率 14 current ripple 纹波电流 15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期 16 cycle skipping 周期跳步 17 Dead Time 死区时间 18 DIE Temperature 核心温度 19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断 20 dominant pole 主极点 21 Enable 使能，有效，启用 22 ESD Rating ESD额定值
23 Evaluation Board 评估板 24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not implied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。建议不要工作在电特性表规定的参数范围以外。 25 Failling edge 下降沿 26 figure of merit 品质因数 27 float charge voltage 浮充电压 28 flyback power stage 反驰式功率级 29 forward voltage drop 前向压降 30 free-running 自由运行 31 Freewheel diode 续流二极管 32 Full load 满负载 33 gate drive 栅极驱动 34 gate drive stage 栅极驱动级 35 gerber plot Gerber 图 36 ground plane 接地层 37 Henry 电感单位：亨利 38 Human Body Model 人体模式 39 Hysteresis 滞回 40 inrush current 涌入电流 41 Inverting 反相 42 jittery 抖动 43 Junction 结点 44 Kelvin connection 开尔文连接
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.
英语翻译常用词组汇总 be free from没有……的，不受……影响be identified as…被认为是… be known as被称做……，以……著称be known to为……所熟知 be popular with…受……欢迎 be prepared for对……做好准备 be regarded as被认为是…，被当做是… be satisfied with对……满意，满足于… be second to…次于… be sick of…对…感到厌倦 be used as…被用做… be used to…习惯于… get used to…习惯于… all of a sudden突然 all the time一直,始终 as a rule通常,照例 as far as...be concerned就...而言as to…至于…,关于… at best充其量,至多 before long 不久以后 beyond question毫无疑问 by all means尽一切办法,务必 every now and then时而,偶尔 in itself本质上,就其本身而言 sooner or later迟早,早晚 abide by… 遵守…,信守… agree with与…相一致同意…
be beneficial to… 有利于…，有益于… turn a blind eye to… 对…视而不见 by leaps and bounds飞速地，突飞猛进地 when it comes to一谈到…,就…而论 disagree with… 与…意见不一致不同意… give an opinion on… 对…发表意见 a dapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于… attribute…to…把…归因于…，认为…是…的结果comment on…评论… concentrate on/upon…集中注意力于… on the contrary与之相反 convince somebody of something使某人确信某事deprive somebody of something剥夺某人某物 in detail详细地 be equipped with…装备有… in essence本质上 to…extent在…程度上 inform. somebody of something通知某人某事 lie in在于… major in主修… in the light of… 按照…，根据… on account of… 因为…，由于… in addition to… 除…之外 on (the/an) average平均，一般来说 on the basis of… 根据…，在…的基础上 at (the) best充其量，至多 on business因公，因事 in any case无论如何，总之
高考英语作文常用的12个修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味，一篇好的作文，语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法，可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真，大大增强艺术表现力，扩大语言表达的范围；而且还可以激发读者的想象，给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1、比喻 (metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻 (simile)： 用like， as， as。。。as， as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love’s like a red， red rose。我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can’t be trusted。 He is as slippery as an eel。那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung。他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream。童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻 (metaphor)： 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事
物。例如： He has a heart of stone。他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage。世界是一个大舞台。 2、换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol，用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如： His purse would not allow him that luxury。他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle。母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848。他在1848年继承了王位。 3、提喻 (synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing。他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season。在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket。澳大利亚队在板球
2019英语四级翻译常用词汇：教育词汇 成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts 理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teachers’ college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college) entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan
教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit 启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate
立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本 1. prepositions [,pr?p?'z???n] n. [语] 介词；系词（preposition的复数） 2. passive voice 被动态，被动式 3. Passive ['p?s?v] adj. 被动的，消极的；被动语态的; n. 被动语态 4. past perfect （动词的）过去完成时 5. Simple ['s?mp(?)l] adj. 简单的；单纯的；天真的; n. 笨蛋；愚蠢的行为；出身低微者; n. (Simple)人名；(法)桑普勒 6. conditional sentences 条件句（conditional sentence的复数） 7. type [ta?p] n. 类型，品种；模范；样式;n. (Type)人名；(英)泰普;vt. 打字；测定（血等）类型;vi. 打字 8. question tags 反意疑问句 9. tags [t?gz] n. 标签；（机动车）牌照；称呼（tag 的复数） v. 附加；加标签于；给…起绰号（tag 的单三形式） 10. possessives n. 所有格（possessive的复数）11. modals n. 情态动词（modal的复数形式）12. articles n. [语] 文章；物品；[法] 条款（article的复数）；[语] 冠词 v. 使受协议条款的约束；指控（article的三单形式） 13. pronouns n. 代词；[语] 代名词 14. emphatic [?m'f?t?k; em-] adj. 着重的；加强语气的；显著的15. reflexive [r?'fleks?v] n. 反身代词；反身动词; adj. 反身的；[物] 反射的 16. present perfect progressive 现在完成进行时 17. present ['prez(?)nt] n. 现在；礼物；瞄准;adj. 现在的；出 席的;vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送;vi. 举枪 瞄准 18. perfect ['p??f?kt] n. 完成式;n. (Perfect)人名；(英)珀费 克特;adj. 完美的；最好的；精通的;vt. 使完 美；使熟练 19. progressive [pr?'gres?v] n. 改革论者；进步分子;adj. 进步的； 先进的 20. past simple 一般过去时 21. simple ['s?mp(?)l] n. 笨蛋；愚蠢的行为；出身低微者 n. (Simple)人名；(法)桑普勒 adj. 简单的；单纯的；天真的 22. Present Perfect Simple 23. object ['?bd??kt; -d?ekt] n. 目标；物体；客体；宾语 vt. 提出…作为反对的理由 vi. 反对；拒绝 24. comparison [k?m'p?r?s(?)n] n. 比较；对照；比喻；比较关系 25. adverbs n. [语] 副词（adverb的复数） 26. adjectives n. [语] 形容词（adjective的复数） 27. simple past （动词的）一般过去式 28. past progressive 过去进行体；过去进行时 29. present progressive 现在进行时 时 | 现在进行体 | 现在进行式 30. present simple 一般现在时 31. imperative [?m'per?t?v] n. 需要；命令；祈使语气；规则;adj. 必要的，势在必行的；命令的；紧急的 32. personal ['p??s(?)n(?)l] n. 人事消息栏；人称代名词;adj. 个人 的；身体的；亲自的 33. possessive [p?'zes?v] adj. 占有的；所有的；所有格的；占 有欲强的 n. 所有格 34. forms n. 表格（form的复数形式）；表单； 窗体;v. 形成（form的第三人称单数）；培 养；制作 35. case [ke?s] n. 情况；实例；箱;vt. 包围；把…装 于容器中;n. (Case)人名；(英)凯斯；(西)卡 塞；(法)卡斯 36. countable ['ka?nt?b(?)l] n. 可数名词；可数的东西; adj. 可计算的；能算的 37. uncountable noun 不可数名词 38. plural form 复数形式 39. ordinal numbers 序数词，[数] 序数 40. ordinal ['??d?n(?)l] n. [数] 序数;adj. 顺序的，依次的 41. reflexive pronouns 反身代词 42. future tense 未来式；将来时态 43. future ['fju?t??] n. 未来；前途；期货；将来时 adj. 将来的，未来的 44. tense [tens] n. 时态;adj. 紧张的；拉紧的;vt. 变得 紧张；使拉紧;vi. 拉紧，变得紧张 45. plural ['pl??r(?)l] n. 复数;adj. 复数的 46. past simple tense 一般过去时 47. negative ['neg?t?v] adj. [数] 负的；消极的；否定的；阴 性的 n. 否定；负数；[摄] 底片 vt. 否定；拒绝 48. interrogative [,?nt?'r?g?t?v] adj. 疑问的；质问的; n. 疑问词 49. continuous [k?n't?nj??s] adj. 连续的，持续的；继续的；连绵 不断的 50. affirmative [?'f??m?t?v] n. 肯定语；赞成的一方 adj. 肯定的；积极的 51. possessive adjectives 物主形容词 52. plurals [语] 复数 53. quantify ['kw?nt?fa?] vt. 确定…的数量；用数量表示；测 量，计量；量化(把质的变为量的)：；【军 事】估算 54. wh-questions 特殊疑问句 55. possessive pronouns 物主代词；所有格代名词 （possessive pronoun的复数） 56. synonyms ['sin?nimz] n. [语] 同义词，同义字；同一性 （synonym的复数） 57. antonyms n. [语] 反义词（antonym的复数形 式）；反义字 58. conjunctions ['k?nd??nk??ns] n. 连词；[语] 连接词；[数] 合取 （conjunction的复数形式） 59. contractions n. 收缩；缩略形式（contraction的 复数）
26种常见修辞格名称的释义及举例 英语修辞格的运用（二）名称定义 Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.以下是26种常见修辞格名称的释义及举例： 1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. In his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly(simile)在他的梦中他看见那小小的人影像苍蝇一般地落了下来。 2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, The world is a stage.世界就像一个大舞台。 Life is an isthmus between two eternities．(Metaphor)生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。 3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance. Analogy:a comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification 比拟说明，类比 4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal