Building a culture rooted in the natural environment of Habitat Different g eographical They certainly have different natural environment: topography, suns hine point of view, sun and tides, currents and winds, temperature, pressure, fo od, land, water, vegetation and so on. As an intermediary between man and na ture of the construction, the external should be conducive to the formation of district external environment should be conducive to the protection of the dome stic indoor environment Habitat. These buildings, like plants, the roots, making a day, or geographical areas of the natural environment suitable for the requir ements of integration with nature. In Southeast Asia and South Asia, in C hina's Hainan Island and Taiwan Island, Coconut Grove dense, hot weather, pe ople with palm leaves, palm-leaf built to adapt to the tropical rainforest of that ched rooms, small, ventilation, cool, lightweight, simple , built a tropical rain f orest building. In Central Asia, West Asia, in China's western alpine regio n, people with stones, the mountain has been built on the powerful stone build ing, take shelter from the wind, blocking snow, heat, warm, building constructi on has become plateaus. Such as China, Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and other eth nic minorities in China's western mountains and on the potential to build a wi de variety of mountain building. Loess Plateau in China, the Gobi Mobei, low rainfall, dry climate, people use the hillside slopes built tunneling room, built with distinct characteristics of immature soil construction. Gansu Dunhuan g Art Exhibition Hall of the building buried in the hillside, the semi-open entr ance connected hillside retaining wall, construction features of immature soil is very obvious. In the eastern part of the United States, in Australia, in C hina's south, rainfall, mild climate, people use wood, brick and mountains on t he potential, in line with local conditions, build a shade shelter from the rain, ventilation, styling and unique architectural humid areas. These architectura l forms, of various styles, suitable for different regions of the natural environm ent, with the landscape, vegetation, terrain together, forming a natural environm ent is rooted in a variety of architectural culture. Building both rooted in the natural environment, but also subject to the natural environment, this is the arc hitects must follow a basic principle. Second, the social space-time caused by environmental differences in the diversification of architectural culture Different regions, different countries, different nations have different social and historical patterns. European countries, the Americas, Asia and Africa and oth er developing countries, land of different religious beliefs, economic developme nt of the different regions have different cultural practices. Habitat in different parts of the social differences in time and space environment, resulting in the architectural culture and the diversity of time and space, resulting in ancient or modern Chinese architectural culture, the Russian architectural culture, architec tural culture in Southeast Asia, Europe and the United States Architectural Cult ure, the African Architectural Culture and so on. Ancient Greek architecture in Europe, North Africa, the ancient Egyptian architecture, the South Asian Asso ciation for the ancient Indian architecture, ancient Chinese architecture is the w orld's architectural and cultural history of ethnic origins. Catholic, Jesus taught,
Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, such as the formation and development of religio n, a profound impact on the religious beliefs of countries and regions, but also a profound impact on those areas of construction, forming a rich and colorful culture of religious architecture. China several thousand years long history, has followed so far, both ancient and extensive, since ancient times by Confu cianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Zen, such as the impact of ethical thinking. Espec ially Confucianism ruled China for 2 000 years, deep-rooted. To this culture of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and Zen eclectic variety of ideas, together b rilliant, independent nations of the world. Architectural Culture under certai n conditions, can be transformed. Geographical, ethnic and cultural construction under certain conditions, can be transformed into international architectural cul ture, and international architectural culture can also be absorbed, the integration of the region and the national character of the new architectural culture. In to day's world, building a culture of development and progress, both the transfor mation of the former to the latter, which also includes the absorption and inte gration of the former. The two also both opposing reunification, complement e ach other, affect each other and common development, only the protection and development of a variety of architectural culture of all ethnic groups, the pro motion of world architectural culture of pluralism, and ultimately to create a " different and" the human society . Three Chinese and foreign construction and cultural development and blend Architectural Culture in the global "b ig culture" systems, all nationalities, all geographical construction symbiotic cult ure in this form the world's architectural culture Symphony. Social process of globalization has brought to the cultural collision with the rendezvous, conflict and blend. For thousands of years, the Chinese culture to external sources of long. Buddhist culture have originated in India, Zhang Qian as envoy to th e Western Regions of the Western Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty Master Xuan Zang went to India to learn from their experience Chuan-by, the impact of Ch ina's 2,000 years of Buddhism. However, the contents of Buddhism, Buddha, li ke Maung, the shapes with the Chinese Buddhist temple in cultures, the format ion and development of a unique Chinese Buddhist architectural culture. A s early as the 20th century, 20 years, China's modern architects returned from studying abroad, most of whom are scholars in the United States, they are buil ding at the time of Western academic and cultural concepts and China Archite ctural Culture nationalistic concept of the double impact, emphasizing cultural e xchange between Chinese and Western architecture focused on the architectural style for the first time a creative way to design a number of products, creatin g a cultural exchange between Chinese and foreign construction of a new era. For example, the first batch of U.S. architect Mr. Lv Yanzhi Canton 20's desi gn Zhongshan Memorial Hall, Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing and so on, in the C hinese construction industry has played a really ground-breaking effect in stimu lating the Chinese and foreign architectural culture of the integration process.
The early founding of New China, the Chinese government, mechanisms c opied the Soviet model, the Chinese all over the building of a group of Russi
an cultural identity building construction, the formation and development of Ch ina's 50's "socialism" of architectural culture. Since reform and opening up, Ch ina's open-door once again, the introduction of Western economic management model to imitate, "European style", RTHK construction, post-modernism almost swept the country, the formation and development of China's 80's "reform and opening-up" construction culture. It goes without saying that all countries in t he world of architectural culture at that time are subject to local political syste ms, economic conditions, technical level of restraint, in conflict with each othe r, mutual exchanges, mutual influence, mutual integration. However, what kind of fusion and exchange with vitality, stand the test of time and space? Only t hose who learned the essence of eastern and western cultures, integration-orient ed areas of national culture and national character of the construction only has great vitality. Fourth, cultural exchange between old and modern architect ural exploration and the pursuit of Ancient and modern cultures, the past serve the present, what? Need to analyze the "ancient" and "today" in the cons truction of content changes that have taken place. These qualitative change is t he social system, production technology, living habits, work, cultural values, bu ilding materials in the construction sector caused by the inevitable result. As Mr. Wu Yurong in the evaluation of the French engineer Gustave. Eiffel desig ned the Eiffel Tower noted: "People are trying to adapt to every human life a n art form the new direction of development and to make all the human activi ties and the rapidly changing era of emotion caused by the new suit." To explore ancient and modern blend of traditional architecture and modern archit ecture combining problem. China's traditional architectural culture has many fea tures, such as the overall layout of buildings, in line with local conditions, and be full of change; architectural style, rich and colorful; space separated, flexib le and diverse; interior decoration, pay attention to the connotation; color to us e, colorful; garden green, it is implicitly lively, changeable, unique in the worl d. In the creation of modern architecture, the contemporary architects should le arn from ancient architecture and cultural wealth of nutrition, according to the modernization of a wide range of requirements, from the analysis of the variou s contradictions in the exploration and pursuit of people's lives to adapt to the new direction of development and people's construction activities and the rapi d caused by the changing times adapt to new emotions. Since the foundin g of New China, focusing on the succession of Chinese tradition, carry forwar d the, creative architectural art of the problems the United States experienced a number of exploration and discussion. Experienced the liberation of the early to imitate the "big roof" retro nostalgia period; experienced a critical retro, and copy the Soviet "model" dogmatism stage; experienced the Cultural Revolution, servility to foreigners critical philosophy, the implementation of "dry-base hit," the poor during the transition; experienced early advocate of reform and openi ng up the West, the popular "Hong Kong style" period. After exploring the dif ficulties and setbacks, China began to follow the traditional architect, to adapt to function, the use of high-tech, to explore ancient and modern cultures, the r
ealization of the modernization of architectural creation of the correct way.
In this paper, talking about building a culture of environment and blend onl y preliminary study, many deep theoretical issues need further study. Our gener ation of architects should be firmly established the "scientific concept of archit ectural culture" to the Chinese culture as the main body, to accelerate the cons truction of culture and environment, and the nation, and society, and the blendi ng process with the times.
建筑专业常用英语词汇
建筑专业常用英语词汇 A design basis 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design B stage of design 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing C climate condition 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning
A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 abrasion 磨耗；磨蚀 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机 abrasive grinding machine 磨机(火石机) abrasive particle 磨粒 absorption 吸收 abutment 桥台；拱座 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道 acceleration pedal 加速器踏板 accelerator 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门 access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处 access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道 access road 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道 access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 上落踏板；出入踏板 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶；有通道的屋顶accessory 附件；配件 accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌accommodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可私营实验室accumulator 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 准确度极限 acetylene cylinder 乙炔气(风煤)樽 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声耦合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料 acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(阿加力胶片)
建筑专业英语词汇(A) a block 空心块 a frame a 型框架 a line 支座反力影响线abaciscus 嵌饰 abacus 栏杆小柱顶 abamurus 扶壁 abat jour 灯罩 abat vent 遮阳帘 abbrasive wheel 磨盘 aberration 偏差 ability 能力 ablation 磨蚀酌 abode 住宅 above ground structure 地面建筑物abrasion 磨耗 abrasion concrete 磨蚀性混凝土abrasion hardness 耐磨硬度abrasion proof 耐磨的 abrasion resistance 耐磨性abrasion test 磨耗试验 abrasion tester 磨耗试验机abrasion value 磨耗值 abrasive 磨料 abrasive aggregates 耐磨骨料abrasive disk 磨盘 abrasive paper 研磨纸 abrasive tile 粗面瓷砖 abridged notation 简化符号 abs plastic abs塑料 absolute deformation 绝对变形absolute displacement 绝对位移absolute error 绝对误差 absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute value 绝对值 absolute viscosity 绝对粘度absolute weight 绝对重量absorbed water 吸附水absorbent 吸收剂 absorbent filter 吸收剂滤器absorber 吸收器 absorbing ability 吸收能力
1DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design 2STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing 3CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period
1.对任何住宅设计进行讨论时，必须包括美的概念，以及如何来评价美。因为 美是一个难以捉摸的想法，尽管我们都不愿意承认这一点。关于美的某些方面和设计只能主观地处理，但是，最是容易理解的也可以客观地来审查。2.美不是抽象的，它是真实的。美是在旁观者的眼睛中是没有必要的,它主要是 客观的、可量化的。这儿有三个准则是亨利爵士沃顿在十七世纪转述的，来自于公元前一世纪维特鲁威的著作，至今仍然适用，是关于住宅设计的基本测量模块的三个标准。这些标准分别是：便利实用性、稳固性、愉悦舒适性。 3.什么是便利实用性，是构建适合它的用途？还是让它看起来像什么一样。我 们正在谈论住房的时候可以扪心自问一下，希望它是像加拿大的房子？而不像瑞士别墅或者是詹姆斯一世的庄园或者是加州灰姑娘平房？是材料占有的位置并安排他们，所以才让他们尊重现有的环境？诚实的使用建材不等于住房只能用木材和石材，玻璃和铝可能更合适，事实上，可能在某些情况下会更自然。是否适用会影响平面图，这是在小房子尤为关键。它的循环利用工作是否能做好？房子的分区可以提供生活和安静的区域吗?有足够的空间,来做饭、打扫卫生,和所有的与从事家庭相关的活动吗？ 4.稳固性和是否充足的建设有关。是否都是采用优质的材料？是否正确使用技 术？是否还有具有良好的工艺？天气会不会影响墙壁和屋顶？有没有不必要的维护？一个住房差到极点是因为，它的不充足建设使它不能成为美的对象。 5.愉悦的舒适性是一个奇妙的词，它意味着给旁观者以开心和高兴。同样，我 们现在谈的不是抽象的概念，而是可以量化的现实。 6.规模涉及的是：人与建筑物或人与场所的大小关系。当我们看一个建筑时， 我们希望找到线索如何解释它的大小。我们的眼睛寻找我们所知道的东西。 我们所熟悉的大小尺寸的砖和普通门的尺寸，当那些尺寸是我们所期待的时候，我们会感到舒服自在。规模的另一个方面涉及我们作为个体的重要性的感觉。如果我们周围出现大量，我们认为我们可以应付环境的元素。 7.比例是一些事情，或之间的一个事件的尺寸大小之间的比较关系。窗口有宽 度与高度尺寸的关系。一个房间有一个宽度长度,高度的关系。房子的大小有关的窗户或门的大小,它可能包含其中。在大规模,处理一个开放空间的大小比例,比如游戏场,可以与周围的建筑物的高度进行比较。一些比例相比其它会显得更令人顺眼。也有过很多尝试，如制定规则来达到令人满意的大小关系。人体的比例通常是密集的美感的来源。 8.和谐来源于以这样的方式把东西放在一起：即建筑的个体相互一致、相互和 谐。建筑式样的混合或随机混合材料，这是不恰当的。举个例子来说，如果主体外墙材料是砖，同时也有大面积的石头，或者石头和木头，那样是不和谐的。一群建筑应该呈现出一致性的形状、表面材料,颜色,等等。这并不意味着一刀切，但表明应该保持在一个有限的范围内变化。 9.节奏是我们生命过程的一个基础部分。我们的心脏跳动，到我们呼吸的方式 都遵循相同的一个节奏。睡眠和清醒之间的变化节奏都是我们的生活中是一个基本因素。因此节奏呼吁我们存在的最深根源，引起强烈的情绪反应。在音乐中最简单的节奏形式是鼓掌，在舞蹈中最简单的节奏形式是踏步。鼓掌必须处理好时间间隔，在建筑中也是如此，模式通过元素之间的距离来创建。 10.整体和谐就是合一。显然，将会有很多部分来组成一个设计，但我们应当能 够认识到它们是如何被放在一起的，来发挥整体的功能。一个建筑必须和观察者所知道的事实相关。这并不意味着一刀切，但表明应该保持在一个有限
a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段 c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟 h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 【Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】 【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】 【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】 【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】 【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】 【Timber 木材】 【Metallic Materials 金属材料】 【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】 【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】 【Building Hardware 建筑五金】 【Paint 油漆】 k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语 【Discipline 专业】 【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】 【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】 【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】 【Drafting 制图】 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段
建筑build; architecture; construct; architectural; architectural & industrial ceramics 建筑安装工程量construction work quantity 建筑板材building board 建筑材料表list of building materials 建筑材料检验building material testing 建筑材料行building material dealer 建筑材料运输列车construction train 建筑草图architectural sketch 建筑朝向building orientation 建筑成本预算construction cost estimate 建筑承包商building contractor 建筑尺度architectural scale 建筑处理architectural treatment 建筑创作architectural creation 建筑大五金architectural metalwork 建筑大样architectural detail 建筑单元building unit 建筑费construction cost 建筑风格architectural style 建筑辅助系统building subsystem 建筑钢construction(al) steel 建筑钢板building sheet 建筑高度building height; height of building 建筑高度分区building height zoning; height zoning 建筑工程升降机builder's lift 建筑工地选择siting 建筑工羊角锤头builder's claw hammer head 建筑工业building industry; construction industry 建筑工种building trades 建筑构思architectural conception 建筑构图composition on architecture; architectural composition 建筑构造building construction 建筑估价building cost estimate 建筑管理architectural control 建筑规程building regulations 建筑规范building code 建筑机械construction machinery; building machinery 建筑及维护规则recommendation 建筑结构building structure 建筑结构分析语言structural engineering system solver (STRESS) 建筑立面elevation of building; building elevation 建筑沥青bitumen for building; building asphalt No. 10 建筑力学architectural mechanics 建筑铝型材生产线architectural aluminum profile production line 建筑毛面积gross floor area 建筑毛造价gross building cost 建筑面积area of structure; covered area 建筑面积比floor-area ratio (F.A.R.) 建筑面积指标floor-space index (F.S.I.) 建筑模数building module
超全建筑专业英语词汇搜集大整理！全英文出图OK！ 来源：秦泽倓的日志 建筑类常见英语词汇 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段 c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟 h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦 Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石 Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土 Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料 Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉 Timber 木材 Metallic Materials 金属材料 Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属 Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料 Building Hardware 建五金 Paint 油漆 k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语 Discipline 专业 Conventional Terms 一般通用名词 Architectural Physics 建筑物理 Name Of Professional role 职务名称 Drafting 制图 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书 planning proposals 设计任务书 design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图 information drawing 设计基础资料 basic data for design 工艺流程图 process flowchart 工程地质资料 engineering geological data 原始资料 original data
英-汉部分 A a Acceptance 验收 Acceptance lot 验收批量 Acceptance criterion 验收准则（标准）Acceptance report 验收报告Acceptance test 验收试验 Access 通道/入口 Access opening 检修孔/人孔 Accident shutdown 事故停堆 Action item 行动项 Aerial cable 架空电缆/高空电缆 Aerial lift/work 高空吊运/作业Aggregate 骨料 Air content 含气率 Air delivery pipe 排气管 Air meter 量气计 Air pump 气泵 Anchor 锚固/锚固件 Anchor bolt 锚固/地脚螺栓Anchorage device 锚具/锚固设备Angle 角钢Annex building 附属厂房 Annular girder 环形梁 Arched dome 穹顶 Architectural construction material 建筑材料 Architectural design 建筑设计Architectural decoration 建筑装修 As-built drawing 竣工图 Assessment 评价/评定 Audit 审计/监察 Audit record 审计记录 Authorized to proceed （ATP）开工令Auxiliary building 辅助厂房 Award of bid 决标 Axial line 轴线 B b Backfill 回填 Backup 备用 Bar bender 钢筋弯曲机 Bar cutter 钢筋切割机 Bar splice 钢筋接头 Bar splicing 钢筋搭接
A acceptable quality 合格质量 acceptance lot 验收批量 aciera 钢材 admixture 外加剂 against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数 aggregate 骨料 air content 含气量 air-dried timber 气干材 allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column 砌体墙、柱容许高厚比 allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比 allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压木构件容许长细比allowable stress range of fatigue 疲劳容许应力幅 allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement 钢筋拉应变限值 allowable value of crack width 裂缝宽度容许值 allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件挠度容许值 allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受弯木构件挠度容许值allowable value of deformation of steel member 钢构件变形容许值 allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件变形容许值 allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure 抗震结构层间位移角限值 amplified coefficient of eccentricity 偏心距增大系数 anchorage 锚具 anchorage length of steel bar 钢筋锚固长度 approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段验算 arch 拱 arch with tie rod 拉捍拱 arch—shaped roof truss 拱形屋架
建筑专业英语词汇 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段 c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟 h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY (HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件 I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦 Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石 Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉 Timber 木材 Metallic Materials 金属材料 Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属 Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料 Building Hardware 建五金 Paint 油漆 k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline 专业 Conventional Terms 一般通用名词 Architectural Physics 建筑物理 Name Of Professional role 职务名称 Drafting 制图 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as-built drawing c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period 冰冻线frost line 冰冻区frost zone 室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区region with heating provision 不采暖地区region without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure 相对湿度relative humidity d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 办公室office 服务用房service room 换班室shift room 休息室rest room (break room) 起居室living room 浴室bathroom 淋浴间shower 更衣室locker room 厕所lavatory 门厅lobby 诊室clinic 工作间workshop 电气开关室switchroom 走廊corridor 档案室archive 电梯机房lift motor room 车库garage 清洁间cleaning room 会议室(正式) conference room 会议室meeting room 衣柜间ward robe 暖风间H.V.A.C room
建筑专业英语词汇 o ring 圆形截面环 oak 栎树 oakum 麻絮 obelisk 方尖碑 object 对象 object of construction production 工程项目oblique butt joint 斜对接 oblique projection 斜投影 oblique scarf 斜接榫 oblique section 斜截面 obscured glass 毛面玻璃 observation 观测 observation light 碍航物灯标 observation of the work 操奏视observation point 观测点 observational data 观测资料 occupancy 居住 occupancy load 收容能力;居住载荷occupancy rate 居住率 occupant space requirements 居住空间标准occupants 居住者 occupied zone 实占地域 ocher 袅 ochre 袅 ocrate process 四氟化硅处理 ocrated concrete 四氟化硅混凝土 oder suppression 臭气排除 odor 臭气 odor control 四氟化硅处理 odorimeter 气味计 odour 臭气 off center load 偏心荷重 off formwork concreting 无模壳灌筑混凝土off grade size 不合格粒径 off ground hauler 越野土运机 off loading ramp 卸载斜坡道 off peak electric heating 非峰期电供热 off peak load 非峰值负载 off peak period 非高峰时间 off set joints 错缝 off shore boring 海底钻探 off shuttering concreting 无模壳灌筑混凝土off the site work 现场外工作
●房屋各部分 Parts of house 屋面 roof 屋脊 ridge 坡屋顶 pitched roof 单坡屋顶 pent roof, lean-to roof 人字屋顶 gable roof 四坡顶 hipped roof 屋面排水沟 valley 卷材防水屋面 membrane roof 找平层 screed-coat 防水层 damp-proof course 泛水 flashing 屋顶层 garret 阁楼 penthouse, loft, attic 天台 roof-deck 晒台 drying stage 组合烟囱 chimney stack 屋檐 eave 屋面排水 roofing drainage 檐沟，明沟 gutter 水落管 down-pipe, downspout 雨棚 canopy, awning 柱廊 colonnade 走廊 corridor 中庭 atrium 山墙 gable 女儿墙 parapet 山花 pediment 隅石砌 quoins 阳台 balcony, veranda 阳台栏杆 balustrade 阳台栏杆柱baluster, banister 平台 terrace 台阶 steps 梯子 ladder 梯级 step 楼梯 staircase(＝step)楼梯踏步平板 tread 楼梯踏步竖板 riser 楼梯休息平台 landing 直角转弯平台quarter-space landing 梯宽 run of stair 梯高 rise of stair 楼梯扶手 rail, railing 回转梯corkscrew staircase，caracole 踏步突沿 nosing 窗子 window 百叶窗 blinds, louvers 旋转窗 balance window 平开窗，窗叶 casement 窗扇 sash 中旋窗 awning window 上下推拉窗 double-hung window 屋顶通气窗 clerestory 门窗亮子 transom 窗框 window frame 窗台 sill，cill 采光顶 sunroof 天窗 sunlight 老虎窗 dormer-window 通风窗 ventlight 落地窗 French window 墙壁 wall 承重墙 bearing wall 隔间 partition 空心墙 cavity wall 防火隔断(分区) compartmentation 剪力墙 shear panel 墙裙 wainscot 窗间墙 pier 幕墙 curtain wall 电梯 elevator, lift 自动扶梯 escalator 地板，楼面 floor 夹层楼面 entresol，mezzanine 楼座 balcony 楼板 slab 天花板 ceiling 壁炉andiron，fireplace， grate 地下室 basement 防火 fire-cut 防火门 fire door 耐热涂料heat-resisting paints 绝热 heat insulation 门槛 head-rail, sill 柱子 column，post，pillar 柱头 column cap, head 斜撑 knee brace 悬索 catenary 梁 beam 基础梁 grade beam 钢板梁 plate girder 工字梁 I-beam 过梁 lintel, lintol, head 椽子 purlin 基础 foundation 碎石垫层 hard core 混凝土地基concrete foundation 基座、柱础 pedestal 独立基础 isolated footing 放大基础 spreading footing 条形基础 strip footing 筏式基础 mat foundation 浮筏基础floating foundation 沉箱基础 caisson 化粪池 cesspool, septic tank 伸缩缝 expansion joint 冷桥 thermal bridge 散水 wash, apron 披水板 weathering-board 桁架 truss 组合桁架 composite truss 框架 framework 模板 formwork 拱券 arch 穹顶 dome 平拱 flat arch 筒拱 vault, vaulted roof 半圆穹顶 concha 瓦 shingle, tile 砖 brick 瓷砖 ceramic tile 玻璃砖 glass blocks 大理石 marble 花岗岩 granite 水磨石 terrazzo 砌块 masonry 混凝土 concrete 预制混凝土 pre-cast concrete 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 钢筋 steel reinforcement 水泥 cement 抹灰，灰泥 plaster, stucco 熟石灰hydrate of lime, slaked-lime 砂浆 mortar 抹灰层 floated coat 饰面 finish 木砖grounds, timber brick 石膏 gypsum 石膏板 plaster slab 夹胶玻璃 plyglass 胶合板 plywood, clip-board 脚手架 scaffolding 悬臂 cantilever 叠涩，牛腿 corbel 遮阳 sun shading ●制图与构图用语 草图 sketch, draft 图纸 drawing 施工图 working drawings 工程 project 方案 plan 总图 grid 总平面 site 平面 floor 立面 elevation 正立面 facade 剖面 section 详图 detail 门厅上部 upper foyer 比例尺 scale= 透视图，表现图 rendering 透视 perspective 轴测isometric perspective Axonometric projection 轴线 axis 建筑面积floor area, architecture area 相对标高relative elevation/level 层高，净空 headroom, headway
建筑学专业英语翻译 1.1 新建筑时代的文化融合 Since the 1990s, China has obviously speeded up its steps to open the architectural field to the outside world. That is fully testified by its extensive adoption of the competition mechanism,introducing international bidding for some important constructions. As a result, visions of domestic architects have been expanded, their mentality updated, and a number of prominent masterworks created.The successful bidding for quite a few major projects by foreign architects marks the beginning of China's accession into the international community in the architectural sector. 自20世纪90年代开始,中国明显加快了向世界开放建筑领域的步伐,此事通过中国广泛采纳竞争机制,为一些重要建筑引入国际招标可以得到充分证实。由此,国内建筑师的眼见得以被扩充,心态得到升华,大量的知名建筑被创造。大量的重要建筑项目被国外的建筑师成功中标,标志着在建筑方面中国融入国际社会的开始。 Just like the country's accession into the World Trade Organization, which originally provoked controversies among some Chinese people who worried aboutabout the fate of the domestic en- terprises, only a temporary sacrifice of domestic architectural sectors can create chances for theirfuture success in ever-increasing international competitions. 正如中国加入世界贸易组织一样，一些中国人担心国内企业的命运，只是暂时牺牲国内建筑行业，在不断增加的国际竞争中创造未来的成功几会。 We still remember the words sighed out by a participating Chinese group of architects after the first round of review of the designing bidding for the National Center for the Performing Arts. "We admit our inferiority to foreign competitors," they said. 我们还记得一个参与国家表演艺术中心投标的中国团队的建筑师们在第一轮审查之后的叹气。我们承认相比外国竞争对手我们的劣势，“他们说。 Paul Andreu, a renowned French architects, finally won the tender of the project. In its following layout improvements and construction, a lot of Chinese architects were involved. Such kinds of interactions and cooperation with foreign architects are undoubtedly helpful for our domesticcounterparts. 保罗安德鲁，法国著名建筑师，最终赢得了该项目的投标。很多中国建筑师参与了其接下来的布局的改进和建设。这种同外国建筑师的互动与合作无疑对我们国内同行有帮助。 The Water Cube, the National swimming center especially built for the Beijing Olympics, was also the product of cooperation between Chinese and foreign architects. But the designing inspi- ration of the marvelous building originally came from our Chinese architects and it won a prize in the 2004 biennial architecture exhibition held in Venice. This was a persuasive example that Chinese architects, once integrated into international environment, can also come up with world-class works. 国家游泳中心水立方，特别为北京奥运会而建，也是中外建筑师合作的产物。但这座神奇建筑的设计灵感来自于我们的中国建筑师，并且它在威尼斯举行的2004届建筑展览会上获得了大奖。这是一个有说服力的例子，表明中国建筑师一旦融入国际环境，也可以拿出世界一流的作品。 Another example is the Tianjin-based 350 meter-high Sinosteel International Plaza. Chinese architect Ma Yansong overpowered competitors in the competitive international bidding for the building. 另一个例子是天津的高350米的中钢国际大厦。中国建筑师马岩松在该建筑的国际竞争性招标中力压其他竞争者。 Architecture is a kind of art, which knows no national boundary. The successful tenders for Chinese projects by foreign architects in recent years are mostly the world's fist-class ones. Just artists, modern architects hate to imitate other's works. Creativity and uniqueness are ultimate pursuit for world's top architects and duplication is regarded to be the work of commonplace craftsmen. 众所周知，建筑是一种无国界的艺术。近几年来，外国建筑师对中国项目的成功投标大多是世界首例的。只是艺术家，现代建筑师讨厌模仿别人的作品。创造力和独特性是世界顶级建筑师的终极追求，重复复制则被认为是普通工匠的工作。 There is no doubt that the beauty of the modern arts, including architecture, is not the synonym for a new, unique or bizarre appearance, but modern aesthetics often contains these elements. 毫无疑问，包含建筑学的现代艺术的美，不是新的、独特的或奇异的外观的代名词，但现代美学往往包含这些元素。 The well-known Sydney Opera House the paramount masterpiece among a lot of excellent post- modern architectures. Its new-type architectural style and inspiring shape have received encomi- ums from across the world. The 30-year-old