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(完整word版)中考英语动词时态复习

(完整word版)中考英语动词时态复习
(完整word版)中考英语动词时态复习

中考英语动词时态复习

中考英语动词时态复习

11 动词的时态

111 一般现在时的用法

1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语:ever…, seties, at…, n Sunda。例如:

I leave he fr shl at 7 ever rning 每天早上我七点离开家。

2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth ves arund the sun 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east f hina 上海位于中国东部。

3)表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride ges befre a fall 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:lubus prved that the earth is rund 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

I dn’t ant s uh 我不要那么多。

Ann rites gd English but des nt spea ell 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:N I put the sugar in the up 把糖放入杯子。

I a ding her n 我正在做功。

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的n是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

返回动词的时态目录

112 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:esterda, last ee, an hur ag, the ther da, in 1982等。例如:

here did u g ust n? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:

hen I as a hild, I ften plaed ftball in the street 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

henever the Brns ent during their visit, the ere given a ar ele

那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型:It is tie fr sb t d sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。例如:It is tie fr u t g t bed 你该睡觉了。

It is tie that sb did sth “时间已迟了” “早该……了” ,例如It is tie u ent t

bed 你早该睡觉了。

uld (had)rather sb did sth 表示’宁愿某人做某事’。例如:I’d rather u ae trr还是明天吧。

4)ish, nder, thin, hpe 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thught u ight have se 我以为你想要一些。

比较:hristine as an invalid all her life(含义:她已不在人间。)

hristine has been an invalid all her life(含义:她现在还活着)

rs Darb lived in entu fr seven ears (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

rs Darb has lived in entu fr seven ears (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

1)动词ant, hpe, nder, thin, intend 等。例如:

Did u ant anthing else? 您还要些什么吗?

I ndered if u uld help e 能不能帮我一下。

2)情态动词uld, uld。例如:

uld u lend e ur bie? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?

返回动词的时态目录

113 used t / be used t

used t + d:”过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:

ther used nt t be s frgetful 老妈过去没那么健忘。

Sarf used t tae a al 斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used t + ding:对……已感到习惯,或”习惯于”,t是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:

He is used t a vegetarian diet

Sarf is used t taing a al 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

---- ur phne nuber again? I ___ quite ath it

---- It’s 6968442

A didn’t

B uldn’t dn’t D an’t

答案A 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。

返回动词的时态目录

114 一般将时

1)shall用于第一人称,常被ill 所代替。ill 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:

hih paragraph shall I read first?我先读哪一段呢?

ill u be at he at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2)be ging t +不定式,表示将。

a 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:hat are u ging t d trr? 明天打算作什么呢?

b 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The pla is ging t be prdued next nth。这出戏下月开播。

有迹象要发生的事。例如:L at the dar luds, there is ging t be a str 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3)be +不定式表将,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

e are t disuss the reprt next Saturda我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4)be abut t +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

He is abut t leave fr Beiing 他马上要去北京。

注意:be abut t d 不能与trr, next ee 等表示明确将时的时间状语连用。

返回动词的时态目录

11 be ging t / ill 用于条句时,be ging t表将,ill表意愿。例如:

If u are ging t ae a urne, u’d better get read fr it as sn as pssible

N if u ill tae ff ur lthes, e ill fit the ne lthes n u in frnt f the irrr

返回动词的时态目录

116 be t和be ging t

be t 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be ging t 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

I a t pla ftball trr afternn 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

I’ ging t pla ftball trr afternn 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

返回动词的时态目录

117 一般现在时表将

1)下列动词e, g, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将,主要用表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six trr rning 火车明天上午六点开。

hen des the bus star? It stars in ten inutes 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:Here es the bus = The bus is ing 车了。

There ges the bell = The bell is ringing 铃响了。

3)在时间或条句中。例如:

hen Bill es (不是ill e), as hi t ait fr e 比尔后,让他等我。

I’ll rite t u as sn as I arrive there 我到了那里,就写信给你。

4)在动词hpe, tae are that, ae sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:

I hpe the have a nie tie next ee 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

ae sure that the inds are lsed befre u leave the r 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

返回动词的时态目录

118 用现在进行时表示将

下列动词e, g, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将。例如:

I’ leaving trr 明天我要走了。

Are u staing here till next ee? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

返回动词的时态目录

119 现在完成时

现在完成时用表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has)+过去分词。

返回动词的时态目录

1110 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:esterda, last ee,…ag, in1980, in tber, ust n等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:fr, sine, s far, ever, never, ust, et, till/until, up t n, in past ears, alas等,皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:this rning, tnight, this April, n, alread, reentl, latel 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性

的,如live, teah, learn, r, stud, n。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有e, g, leave, start, die, finish, bee, get arried等。例如:

I sa this fil esterda (强调看的动作发生过了)

I have seen this fil (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)

h did u get up s earl? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

h hasn’t handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)

He has been in the League fr three ears (在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League eber fr three ears (是团员的状态可持续)

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如esterda, last, ee, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)T has ritten a letter t his parents last night

(对)T rte a letter t his parents last night

返回动词的时态目录

1111 用于现在完成时的句型

1)It is the first / send tie that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:

It is the first tie that I have visited the it 这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first tie (that)I’ve heard hi sing 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意:It as the third tie that the b had been late

2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:

This is the best fil that I’ve (ever)seen 这是我看过的最好的电影。

典型例题

(1)---D u n ur tn at all?

---N, this is the first tie I ___ here

A as

B have been ae D a ing

答案B This is the first tie 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。

(2)---Have u ____ been t ur tn befre?

---N, it’s the first tie I ___ here

A even, e

B even, have e ever, e D ever, have e

答案D ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。

注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I have reeived his letter fr a nth

(对)I haven’t reeived his letter fr alst a nth

返回动词的时态目录

1112 比较sine和fr

Sine 用说明动作起始时间,fr用说明动作延续时间长度。例如:

I have lived here fr re than tent ears我住在这儿二十多年了。

I have lived here sine I as brn 我从出生起就住在这儿了。

注意:并非有fr 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I red here fr re than tent ears (我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have red here fr an ears(现在我仍在这里工作。)

注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有fr/sine结构的完成时中的误用。

1)(对)T has studied Russian fr three ears = T began t stud Russian three ears ag, and is still studing it n

2)(错)Harr has gt arried fr six ears = Harr began t get arried six ears ag, and is still getting arried n

显然,第二句不对,它应改为Harr gt arried six ears ag 或Harr has been arried fr six ears

返回动词的时态目录

1113 sine的四种用法

1)sine +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last nth, half past six)。例如:

I have been here sine 1989 1989起,我一直在这儿。

2)sine +一段时间+ ag。例如:

I have been here sine five nths ag 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。

3)sine +从句。例如:

Great hanges have taen plae sine u left 你走后,变化可大了。

Great hanges have taen plae sine e ere here 我们走后,变化可大了。4)It is +一段时间+ sine从句。例如:

It is t ears sine I beae a pstgraduate student 我考上研究生有两年了。

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1114 延续动词与瞬间动词

1)用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:

He has pleted the r 他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)

I’ve nn hi sine then 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2)用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示”做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示”到……,才……”。例如:

He didn’t e ba until ten ‘l 他到10 点才回。

He slept until ten ‘l 他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1 u dn’t need t desribe her I ___ her several ties

A had et

B have et et D eet

答案B 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several ties告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。

2 ---I’ srr t eep u aiting

---h, nt at all I ___ here nl a fe inutes

A have been

B had been as D ill be

答案A 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。

返回动词的时态目录

111 过去完成时

1)概念:表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前那时现在

2)用法

a 在tld, said, ne, heard, thught等动词后的宾语从句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been t Paris 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

b 状语从句

初中英语动词时态讲解及练习

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初中中考英语选择题常考题型

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