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专四英语词汇

专四英语词汇
专四英语词汇

专业英语四级补充词汇来源:林琳???的日志

辨析1

glimpse, look, sight, view 这组词都有“看,瞥见”的意思。glance指看一下或瞥一眼(有意识的)。

His glance silenced the audience, and he began to speak.他环视了一下,听众都不说话了,他便开始讲话。

glimpse一般指看一眼或一瞥(无意识的)。

She caught a glimpse of her friend in the supermarket.她在超级市场里瞥见了她的朋友。

look一般用语,表示直接用眼睛看。

Her intent look showed how much she had missed her sister.她的专心的目光说明她是多么想念她的姐姐。

sight 此词与视力和视觉有关,意指察看或视野。

She has lost sight of her dog.她看不见那条狗了。

view常指视野,视域景色和眼界。

The tower commands a good view of the beautiful city.从这个塔上可以清楚地看到这座美丽城市的景色。

huge, enormous, immense, giant, gigantic, vast 这组词均含有“很大的”的意思。

huge 指体积和数量大得超过一定的标准,可用来形容物体,距离,程度和声音等。

They spent a huge amount of money on that villa.他们花巨款买下了那幢别墅。

enormous着重指体积庞大,常指硕大无比,令人咋舌的事物。多用来形容形体、数量和程度,有时含有严重、紧急的意思。

The dinosaurs were enormous animals which lived on the earth long ago.恐龙是很久以前生存在地球上的巨型动物。

giant常指身体,体积,或力量的巨大。

They took giant strides forward.他们大踏步前进。

gigantic 多用于夸张手法,强调某种事物程度的巨大、重大或极为严重,常用于隐喻。

The economy of the country has taken a gigantic leap forward.这个国家的经济有很大的飞跃。

immense有大到不能计算的意味,常用于形容空间,也可形容程度。

This book was about the early explorers who got lost in the immense A tlantic.这本书讲的是迷失在浩瀚大西洋中的早期探险家的故事。

vast着重指面积极为开阔,用作比喻时指阅历广、花费大等。

The lion used to live in vast areas of Africa.狮子过去生活在非洲广袤的地区。

辨析2

flaw, defect, fault, mistake, error 这组词都表示“错误,缺陷”。

flaw原意为“裂缝,裂隙”,引申为“缺点,漏洞,瑕疵”,表示存在的或出现的某种破坏了完好统一体的因素,强调对完美性或有效性的损害。

defect 意思是“欠缺,不足”,指缺乏达到完善或发挥效用所需要的东西,也常指一般的缺陷。

fault 意思是“缺点,毛病;错误,过错,责任”,一般指性格上的弱点或行为上的过失及责任。

mistake 指由于认识上的缺点而无心犯下的错误。

error 常指违反一定标准而犯的错误。mistake和error虽然常常通用,但在习惯搭配中不能互换。如:

I can’t detect any flaw in his ingenious theory.在他的精妙理论中我找不到任何漏洞。

No one is without defects.人无完人。

She always finds fault with me.她总挑我的毛病。

I took her gloves by mistake.我错拿了她的手套。

Every man is liable to err.人人都难免犯错误。

freedom, liberty 这组词均含有“自由”的意思。

freedom强调不受外界任何限制和约束,或者可以完全按照自己的意愿行事。 liberty 侧重于从所受的压制或压迫下解放出来。如:

In some countries, there is no freedom of the press.在一些国家里没有新闻自由。

All the prisoners in the concentration camp wanted their liberty.集中营里所有囚犯都想得到自由。

辨析 3

repair, mend, fix, remedy 这组词都有“修理”的意思。

repair 意为“修理,修复”,指修理已破旧或损坏的东西,使其恢复原有的良好状况。此外,repair还可引申为“纠正,弥补,治愈”。

mend 意为“修理,修补”,是普通用语,仅指修补磨损的、破裂的、撕毁的小东西,很少用于大件物品。该词可引申为“改善,弥补,恢复健康”。

fix 意为“修理,修复”,和repair同义,两者经常换用,fix常用于美国英语中,口语色彩较浓。

remedy意为“补救,弥补”,指对已经出现的过失及不满意的现状采取弥补措施,加以补救。

He doesn’t know how to repair the error.他不知道怎样弥补这个过失。 It’s never too late to mend.改过不嫌迟。

He tried to fix the leaking tap.他试图修漏水的水龙头。

Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied.你的发音毛病是可以矫正的。

adequate, enough, sufficient 这组词均含有“足够”的意思。 adequate强调符合一个客观要求或标准,这个要求或标准可能不太高或不太严格。

enough侧重份量和数量的足够。是三个词中最普通的。

sufficient 一般用于正式书面语中,且只能放在所修饰的名词前。如:

His income is not adequate to his family’s needs.他的收入满足不了家庭需求。

Do we have enough time for a drink?我们有没有足够的时间喝点什么?

The rain is not sufficient to do any harm.这场雨不足为害。

辨析 4

complete, entire, total, whole 这组词都可作“完全的,全部的”讲。

complete意为“完全的,完善的”,强调所需要的正常的部分都已具备,达到完备、无可增加的程度。

entire意为“完全的,完整的”,可用于具体或抽象的概念,用来形容完整的、未被破坏或切割的统一体。其含义侧重物体或概念的本身,强调既不能增加,也不能减少,保持原有完整的意义。该词常用作定语。

total意为“完全的,全部的”。强调没有任何例外,一切都被统计在内,指金钱、数量、程度等的全部,在表示抽象意义时,可与complete换用,有时也可和entire换用。

whole意为“整个的,整体的”,强调完整、没有被忽略、遗漏或减少,此时该词和entire语义相似,只是语气稍弱,且多在口语中使用,一般多用作定语。

They own a house complete with furniture. 他们拥有一幢家具齐全的房子。

The Complete Works of Tolstoy is on the shelf.《托尔斯泰全集》在书架上。

It took us an entire week to finish the work. 完成这项工作花费我们整整一周时间。

He was in entire ignorance of the matter. 他对这件事一无所知。

What is the total cost of the new furniture? 新家具总共花了多少钱? The new manager has a total control of the business. 新任经理完全掌握公司的控制权。

The different parts were joined to form a whole group. 不同的部分连接起来形成一个整体。

The whole book is on how to appreciate poetry. 整个书都是关于诗歌欣赏的。

aggression, invasion 这组词均含有“入侵”的意思。

aggression主要指对别国的入侵。

invasion指持有挑衅、敌对的企图而进行的侵占、入侵、侵犯。如:

The Chinese government protested strongly against such barbarous aggr ession. 中国政府强烈抗议这种野蛮的侵略行为。

The illegal search was an invasion of their civil liberties. 那次非法搜查是对他们公民自由权的侵犯。

辨析 5

long, wish, desire, hope, expect 这组词都含有“希望”之意。

long意为“渴望,盼望”,常与for搭配使用,有较强的感情色彩,表示对某一事物抱有热切的“希望”或强烈的“向往”。

wish作“希望,渴望”讲,是一般用语,常用于表达过去的遗憾,对不可能达到的目标的渴求,此时常为虚拟语气。另外,还可指对别人的祝愿。

desire意为“希望,渴望”,是正式用语,语气强于wish,指怀着急切的心情,强烈地盼望着达到某种目的,而这种殷切的希望经多方努力是可以实现的。hope作“希望,盼望”讲,指人期待或渴望有一定指望的事物,这种期待可能实现也可能实现不了,但常含有充满信心之意。

expect表示“希望,期待”,指有一定的把握认为某人会做某事并期待着这种可能性的实现。

She longed to go back to the laboratory. 她渴望能回到实验室。

What I like is chewing gum. I wish I had some now. 我喜欢的是口香糖,真希望我现在有些口香糖。

Have you got everything that your heart desired? 你一心向往的东西都有了吗?

He hoped that his extra effort on the essay would bring him a higher mark. 他希望他在论文上做出的特殊努力将会使他得高分。

If I tell you to come, I expect you to come. 如果我让你来,我就希望你来。

result, consequence, effect, outcome 这组词均含有“结果”的意思,指事物最后呈现的一种局面。

result是最普通的用词,用途最广,指很多效果、后果的综合,带有“最后结果”的意味。

consequence这个词带有贬义,一般表示一种不好的结局,常译为“后果”。

effect与cause (原因,起因)相对,强调由某种原因直接或立即产生的结果,可译为“效果,效力,作用,影响”。

outcome常译为“结果,结局”,常指某项活动、比赛或者悬而未决的事情最后见分晓、见输赢。

The net result of our discussions was that she agreed to take this jo b. 我们反复商量的最终结果是她同意接受这份工作。

The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social consequenc es. 高失业率已经造成了不良的社会后果。

The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales. 这次广告运动对销售未能起到多大的作用。

There were not many people who dared predict the outcome of the gener al election. 没有人敢预测大选的结果。

辨析 6

prohibit, forbid, ban 这三个词皆为及物动词,表示“禁止”。prohibit意为“(通过法律、法令、公告、严正警告)禁止某些事情”,该词应用范围比其他两个词广,其常用结构为prohibit sb. from doing sth.。 forbid意为“禁止”,是这三个词中最普通的词。如果我们指一般意义上的“禁止某人做某事”,就要用forbid sb. to do sth.。

ban意为“禁止”,在这三个词中语气最强,指权威机关“正式禁止”,这种禁止可以是正面的,也可以是反面的。ban只以物作宾语,而不能以人作宾语。 The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. 法律禁止烟草商卖给儿童香烟。

She had been strictly forbidden to drink beer. 严禁她喝啤酒。 Bicycles are banned from the new motorway. 自行车禁止通行于新建的快车道。

foretell, foresee, forecast, predict 这组词均含有“预言,预测”的意思。

foretell意为“预言,预料”,着重宣布未来的事,而不表明所预言的事情是否正确。

foresee 强调“预见,预知”,与foretell基本同义。

forecast 强调“预报”,指通过分析一些相关的信息、数据来预测。

predict常指根据已知的事实或自然规律推断出未来的事情,可用于各种不同的场合。predict所作的预言有一定的科学性。

The Gypsy foretold that the boy would become a king. 那个吉普赛人预言这个男孩将会成为国王。

The difficulties could not have been foreseen. 这些困难是无法预料的。

Who can forecast what the outcome of election will be? 谁能预测出选举结果?

Economists are predicting a fall in interest rate. 经济专家预言利率会下降。

辨析 7

roughly, approximately, about, around这组词都可表示在距离、时间、数量等方面“接近,大约”。

roughly意为“粗略,大约”,经常用来代替approximately或about。该词常含有随便、草率的意味。

approximately作“近于,接近”讲,表示精确程度非常接近某一标准,其误差极小甚至可忽略不计。

about作“大约”讲,可与approximately互相使用,但它不如前者那样强调对精确度的接近,但它后面的数或量都是明确的,没有“多少不定”的意思,如,不可说“about more than two”。

around意为“大约”,有时用于非正式场合,可以代替about或approximatel y。

Roughly speaking, I think we are heading for the depression.大体说来,我认为我们正走向萧条。

It was approximately 100°F in the shade.在荫凉处温度约为华氏100度。

There are about 60 people in the room.这房间里大约有60个人。

He went to bed around midnight.他大约半夜才去睡觉。

accumulate, amass 这组词均含有“累积,积聚”的含义。 accumulate强调一点一点地连续积累,从而积聚成堆。

amass往往用于价高或量大的积聚。

The accumulated evidence isn’t enough to ensure his conviction.已收集到的证据还不足以给他定罪。

My savings are accumulating interest.我的储蓄不断生息。

Fat will be accumulated in your body if you stop doing sports.如果你停止运动,脂肪就会积聚于体内。

A speculator may try to amass great wealth.投机商会想方设法积聚钱财。

辨析 8

assemble, collect, gather 这组词均含有“收集,聚集”的意思。 assemble指为了一定目的把即将分散的人或物集合为一个整体。

gather是一般用语,指将分散的东西聚集在一起。用于人时表示“聚集,集中”之意。

collect与gather通用,指按计划进行收集整理,其对象一般是物,偶尔也用于人,意为“集合”。

Assemble your papers and put them in this file.把你的论文收集起来,放在这个文件夹里。

You must gather the students to your side.你必须把学生团结到你这一边来。

People gathered in crowds on the street waiting for the news of victo ry.人们成群结队地聚集在街上,等待着胜利的消息。

My son likes collecting stamps.我儿子喜欢集邮。

trust, believe, believe in, confide 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

trust是“信任”的意思,指信任某人的内在品质、人格、能力等,也可指“信赖”事物。trust后面接不定式的复合结构(trust sb. to do sth.),表示“放心让某人做某事,相信某人会”。另外,trust后面常跟介词in,也表示“相信,信赖”之意。

believe后面常接名词、代词或that从句,接that从句时常表示“认为”的意思。

believe in 是“信任,信仰”的意思,常指相信某一理论或信仰某一宗教等,也指相信某事物或某人的更为本质的、内在的东西,或相信某事物的存在。confide是指信赖某人以致可以与之倾吐心腹话或内心的秘密。confide作及物动词时,常用在“confide sth. to sb.”;作不及物动词时,后面常与介词in 连用,表示信赖某人,对某人讲真话。

A forgetful man should not trust his memory, but should write things down in a notebook.一个健忘的人不应相信自己的记忆力,而该把事情记在记事本上。

You can’t trust him to do anything right.你什么事也别指望他能做好。 She didn’t trust in her son’s ability to look after himself.她不相信儿子有能力照顾自己。

I find it impossible to believe a single word you say.我发现你的每句话都难以置信。

Is he really coming? I can hardly believe my ears.他真的要来吗?我简直不敢相信我的耳朵。

I don’t believe in his honesty.我不相信他诚实。

They don’t believe in ghosts.他们不相信有鬼神。

She confided her trouble to her friend.她把自己的烦恼告诉了朋友。

辨析 9

refuse, reject, decline, deny, repel 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

refuse是表示“拒绝”这一概念的最普通的用词,语气比decline强,含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意味。refuse作及物动词时,后面常常接名词或代词表示被拒绝的对象,跟不定式表示拒绝做某事。作不及物动词时,refuse可单独使用。

reject意为“拒不接受,不采纳”,语气比refuse更强,强调抛弃、丢弃,有时可翻译为“抵制,驳回”。该词还常常表示由于客观条件不符合规定的标准而遭到拒绝。reject后通常只接名词或代词。

decline常常翻译为“辞谢,婉言谢绝”,指有礼貌地、语气委婉地拒绝,主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或请求等。

deny 常常作“否认,否定”讲,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或that 从句。另外,deny也可作“拒绝给予”讲,这时多接双宾语,即用在deny sb. sth.结构中,并且可以与refuse互换,不过语气要比refuse更坚决。

repel指“拒绝接受”,甚至含“抵制”的意思,语气比reject强。

It is the stupid who refuse to be taught by mistake. 只有蠢人才拒绝从错误中吸取教训。

The patient’s body rejected the heart transplant. 病人的身体对心脏移植有排斥反应。

She declined to have lunch with us, saying that she wasn’t feeling w ell.她说身体不适而婉言谢绝与我们共进午餐。

He doesn’t dare to deny the charges, does he? 他不敢否认这些指控。 Fire repels wild animals. 火使野兽不敢靠近。

embarrass, puzzle, perplex, confuse, bewilder 这组词皆有“使…困惑”的意思,都可作及物动词,常以无生命的词作主语;以有生命的词作主语时,常用被动语态。

embarrass指“使…困惑,使…窘迫,使…为难”,含有令人不快、为难和内心混乱的意味。

puzzle意为“使…迷惑”,指某一复杂的事件或困难难于被理解。

perplex 指“使…疑惑”,和puzzle同义,但比puzzle更为庄重,还含有“使…杂乱,使…疑虑,使…不安,使…不知如何决定”的意思。

confuse指“使…混乱,使…糊涂”,强调使人因混淆而不知所措。 bewilder “使…混乱,使…着慌,使…发愣”,语气最重,表示糊涂到无法思考的地步。

It embarrasses me even to think about my foolish behavior.哪怕是想一想我愚蠢的行为,我都感到困窘不安。

Her illness has puzzled all the doctors. 她的病把所有的医生都难住了。

I have been puzzling my brains about this question for weeks now.对这个问题我已经苦苦思索了几个星期了。

His strange behavior had greatly perplexed her. 他奇怪的行为使她大为困惑。

We were perplexed to learn of your decision. 我们听说了你们的决定,感到困惑不解。

They asked so many questions that they confused me (that I got confus ed).他们问了我很多问题,把我都给弄糊涂了。

Don’t confuse Austria with (and) Australia. 不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混了。

She was bewildered to find them gone. 发现他们已经离去,她愣住了。

辨析 10

choose, select, pick out 这组词皆有“选择”之意。

choose在这三个词中是最常用的,可以表示进行一般的“选择”,有时也可以表示“抉择”,它较侧重意志和判断。

select和pick out而select和pick out通常指在三者或三者以上中做出选择。select比 pick out 更为正式,select通常指经过慎重考虑而做出的选择。

select和choose有时可以通用,主要不同在于:choose往往指以个人的好恶或对个人是否合适为标准来“选择”,而select则更加强调被“选择”的事物在客观上的优劣。choose有“选定之后就要坚持从事”的意思,而select则没有此意,例如在选择一生的职业、事业及爱人等时,只能用choose而不能用sele ct。choose一般指在两者之间做出选择,有时也可指在三者之间做出选择。 The samples are for you to choose from.. 这些样品供你挑选。

Most of the delegates to the conference are selected from model worke rs.出席大会的大多数人是从工人模范中挑选出来的。

The couples decide to choose gardening as their profession. 这对夫妇决定选择园艺作为他们的职业。

Mary spent three hours picking out a red skirt at the store.玛丽花了三个小时在店里挑了一条红裙子。

辨析 11

energy, force, power, strength, vigor, might 这组词都有“力”的意思。

energy有“力,力量,精力”之意,原是物理学用语,其含义是“能”的意思,用于人时,指人的能力、精力。

force有“力,力量”和“势力,武力”之意,指运用或发挥出来的力量,着重“力”产生的效果,即使人或物克服阻力,按要求的方向运动,达到一定目的。

power有“力量,能力,权力”之意,含义广泛,可指内存的或外来的、具体的或抽象的力,可引申为“势力,政权”。

strength有“力量,体力”之意,指人或物内部存在的力量,除指人身体的力气外,还可指感情、意志、记忆、判断等能力,指物时可指法律、风俗、文笔以及舆论等的力量。该词一般做不可数名词。

vigor有“活力,力量”之意,侧重生命的活力或生命本身内在的力量,可指“精力,干劲”等,是不可数名词。

might有“力量,威力”之意,指强有力的、强大的、超人的力量,是不可数名词。

The work took me a lot of energy. 这工作花费了我很多精力。

The old man pulled the wagon with all his force. 老人用尽全力拉货车。

The man has strong desire for power. 这人渴望拥有权力。

These two boys are equal in strength. 这两个男孩力气相等。

It is patriotism that gives the vigor of her writings. 是爱国主义精神使她的作品充满生命力。

She worked with all her might. 她竭尽全力地工作。

arouse, rouse 这组词均含有“唤醒,引起”的意思,两者往往可以通用。

rouse一般作及物动词,有时也可用作不及物动词。

arouse只作及物动词:

The fire roused the people from their sleep. 大火把人们从睡梦中惊醒。

We must arouse them to fight for their own emancipation.我们必须唤醒他们起来为自己的解放而斗争。

辨析 12

shake, tremble, quake, shiver, quaver 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

shake适用范围广,可用于人也可用于物。该词所表示的动作的方向既可以是水平的也可以是垂直的。

tremble专门用于表示人体轻微、迅速地振动,特别是当人激动、怯懦、寒冷、疲惫时不自觉地发抖。

quake可用来代替tremble,常表示剧裂震动,如地震等,也可表示人因天气寒冷发抖或因愤怒等强烈情绪而内心震动。

shiver意为“颤抖,哆嗦”,特指因寒冷或恐惧而打寒战,多用于人。quaver有时表示不规则的震动或波动,尤其表示某些具有扰乱结果的震动或波动,它常常强调颤抖,特别是激动的情感对声音与言辞的影响。

To be shaken before taking. (药瓶标签用语)服前摇匀。

Her hands trembled with eagerness as she opened the letter.她拆信时,急得双手发抖。

His accusing hand stiffly extended, quaking in mute condemnation.他那控诉的手僵硬地伸出去,在无声的谴责中颤抖。

She is shivering with cold so that her teeth are chattering. 她冷得直哆嗦,牙齿咯咯作响。

The breeze set the flames of the street lamps quavering. 街灯在微风中摇曳着。

subject, name, title, topic

subject意为“题目,主题”,既可以指文章、谈话、演讲等的“主要内容,主要涉及对象”,又可以指文章或演讲等的“具体名称,标题”。subject还可指学科、科目。

name意为“名字,姓名,名称”,一般只用于人、动物或地方。

title意为“名称,标题”,一般用于具体印发的作品、书籍。另外,一篇文章的题目如果是印出来了,那么既可以用subject又可以用title,如果在印发之前,就不能用title而要用subject,另外,title还可以作“称号,头衔”讲。

topic一般译为“话题”,多为谈话、辩论、演讲、作文的题目。

The subject of their conversation was the war. 他们谈话的主要内容是战争。

What’s the name of the film? 电影的名字是什么?

The title of the article is In Search of Silence. 文章的题目是“寻寂”。

Here are some topics for discussion. 下面是一些讨论题目。

辨析 13

recall, remember, remind, recollect 这组词都有“(使…)想起”之意。

recall意为“想起”,强调有意识地去“回忆,回想”,常与can, could等词连用,强调一次性回忆。

remember表示“想起”,指事物自然地在记忆中出现,不强调努力或意志。 remind表示“使…想起”,指人受到一定媒介的启发或提醒而慢慢地唤起对往事的记忆,常用在remind sb. of sth.的结构中。

recollect意为“回想”,指把已经遗忘的事情重新想起,强调回忆过程。

I can’t recall having met him before.我记不起以前曾见到过他。

I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆了。

Your telling me that story reminds me of another.你给我讲的故事使我想起了另一个故事。

She thought back and tried to recollect the exact wording of the lett er.她回忆着,试图回想起那封信的准确字眼。

shift, move, remove, transfer 这组词均含有“移动,转移”的意思。shift含有“轻易地更动”或出于不正当的动机把罪过“转”到他人身上的意思。move应用范围很广,其中主要意思是“从一处移到另一处”。

remove 意为“拿开,移动,消除”,强调离开原来的、正常的地方或职位等做一种新的、有时是暂时的安排或改变。该词还含有把不利的东西“取消”的意思。

transfer意为“调动,移交”,强调从一处转到另一处。

It’s no use trying to shift the blame to anybody else.想把过错推到别人身上是没用的。

Please help me move the desk to the corner.请帮我把桌子搬到墙角。 The obstacle has been removed; the two countries continued their dial ogue.障碍已经排除,两国又继续对话。

The head office of the company has been transferred to New York.该公司总部已迁至纽约。

辨析 14

range, reach, scope, compass, scale 这是一组表示“范围”的名词,其侧重点各有不同。

range代表的是一个可以测量的范围,在这个范围内包括一系列可变化的数量。range还特指视力、听力所能达到的距离和枪炮的射程。

reach特指伸手可达到的距离或非常近的距离,其比喻含义指能力、权力、影响等可达到的范围。

scope指人们所处理、研究的事物的“范围”以及所掌握、控制的“面积”。s cope的比喻含义指的是所掌握的知识的宽度,即“眼界,见识”。

compass在意义上与scope相同,是正式用语,表示活动、兴趣、能力的“界限,范围”。

scale特指刻度、标度的范围,也指品级、级别的规模和大小的范围:

The bird now came within my range of vision.那只小鸟飞入了我的视野。 Keep the pills out of the reach of the children!把药放到孩子们够不到的地方!

Is Romanticism in the scope of your book?你的书涉及到浪漫主义吗? Construction is not within the compass of the department.工程建设不属这个部门管辖。

This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and t he other in Centigrade.温度计上有两种刻度,一种是华氏,另一种是摄氏。

scarce, rare 这组词均含有“稀少的,少有的”的意思。

rare强调某种东西是很少见到的,或某种现象是很少发生的,具有珍贵、贵重的意味。它的反义词是 common。

scarce形容的事物不一定有珍贵之意,而是指有些东西(通常为日用品)因匮乏或难以得到而变得稀少或缺少。它的反义词是plentiful或abundant。此外,修饰时间表示频率时,则只能用rare,而不能用scarce,此时rare的含义是“不经常发生的”。

The panda is one of the rare animals in the world.熊猫是世界上稀有动物之一。 Water is scarce in Sahara.撒哈拉沙漠上缺水。

辨析 15

source, origin, root, resource 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

source和origin都表示某事的“起源,开端”。source原指河流的源头,其引申义可用来指某事物的最初来源或出处,在指非物质或无形的事物时尤其如此。source还常指消息等的“来源,出处”。

origin常译为“起源,发源,起因”,指导致某事物最后出现或形成的因素,或某事物在遥远的空间以外或久远的年代以前的最初形态,常表示某种历史文化现象、风俗习惯的“起源”,有时可译为“起因”。

root的意义是“根源,起因”,它强调导致某事物最终出现的最初的、最根本的、最重要的原因,由此所产生的现象或事物常成为一种外观的产物。resource主要指一个国家或地区可以取用的“资源,财力,资产”,一般以复数形式出现。resource也可指人在处理问题时所表现出的“才智,机敏”,此时resource为不可数名词。

Literature is a source of endless pleasure to many thousands.文学是很多人快乐的无尽源泉。

Do you know the origin of the custom of giving presents at Christmas?你知道在圣诞节互赠礼品这一风俗的来源吗?

The root of the question lay in the seizure of the land of Ireland by the English ruling class.这个问题的根源在于英国统治阶级对爱尔兰土地的攫取。

The mortgage is a drain on our financial resources.偿还抵押贷款是我们财务上的一大负担。

ordinary, mediocre, commonplace 这组词均含有“平常的,普通的”的意思。

ordinary意为“普通的,通常的”,使用范围较广,也有“平淡”之意,但不含贬义。

mediocre意思是“平常,平庸的”,表示事物既不很好,也不很坏,但比所期望的差,隐含“二流”之意。如放在副词only或just后,则加重其贬义。 commonplace意为“平常的,平凡的”,强调期望与事实差距悬殊,常用作贬义。

It is an ordinary summer day.这是个平常的夏日。

He is a person of mediocre abilities.他是平庸之才。

He’s not at all exciting. In fact, he’s really rather commonplace.他毫不出奇,实际上平庸得很。

词汇与语法

Word List (单词表) message n. 要旨,要点 tricky adj. (工作、问题等)微妙的,棘手的;(人)狡猾的beginning n. 开始;起初 semester n. (尤指美国大专院校的)学期m cover v. 处理 duty n. 任务 management n. 管理 number one adj. 最重要的;头号的 seriously adv. 真心地,当真地;认真地,严肃地 once conj. 一旦……(就……) weekly adj. 每周一次的 follow v. 遵照;沿用 following adj. 紧接着的 realistic adj. 现实可行的 essay n. 作文;短文 quiz n. 考查;测验 upset v. 打乱(计划等);打翻 ability n. 能力;才智

grade n. (考试或作业的)分数 achieve v. 获得 flexible adj. 灵活的 re-plan v. 重新计划 basis n. 基础;根据 project n. 课题;科研项目 mid-term adj. 期中的 solid adj. 扎实的 schedule n. 计划表 alive adj. 起作用的;现存的;活着的assignment n. (指定的)作业 activity n. 活动 social adj. 社交的;交谊的 seem v. 似乎;好像 back adj. 以前的;过去的 Proper Names Elwood N. Chapman 埃尔伍德·N·查普曼(人名) Useful Expressions(常用短语)

最新四年级英语单词汇总

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专升本英语词汇专项练习100题

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(完整word版)初中英语词汇练习.pdf

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英语词汇与语法

since 英音:[sins]美音:[s?ns] 副词ad. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时) 1. 此后;从那时到现在 She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since. 她三年前毕业,从那时起便一直当护士。 2. 之前,以前 介词prep. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 I haven't heard from him since last year. 我自去年以来未曾收到过他的信。 连接词conj. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 It's been ten years since they married. 他们结婚到现在已经十年了。 She has been living a hard life since her husband died. 她自从丈夫死后,一直过着艰苦的生活。 2. 既然;因为,由于 He must have taken the book since it isn't here. 他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了。 Since it is so hot, let's go swimming. 既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。 when 副词ad. 1. (用作疑问副词)什么时候,何时 I'd like to know when they'll let him out. 我想知道他们什么时候放他。 When did you last see Margaret? 你上一次见到玛格丽特是什么时候?

英语4级常用词汇

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大学英语四级词汇表 abandon vt.丢弃;放弃,抛弃ability n.能力;能耐,本领abnormal a.不正常的;变态的aboard ad.在船(车)上;上船abroad ad.(在)国外;到处absence n.缺席,不在场;缺乏absent a.不在场的;缺乏的absolute a.绝对的;纯粹的absolutely ad.完全地;绝对地absorb vt.吸收;使专心abstract a.抽象的n.摘要abundant a.丰富的;大量的abuse vt.滥用;虐待n.滥用academic a.学院的;学术的academy n.私立中学;专科院校 accelerate vt.(使)加快;促进acceleration n.加速;加速度accent n.口音,腔调;重音acceptable a.可接受的,合意的acceptance n.接受,验收;承认 access n.接近;通道,入口accessory n.同谋,从犯;附件accident n.意外的;事故accidental a.偶然的;非本质的accommodate vt.容纳;供应,供给 accommodation n.招待设备;预定铺位 accompany vt.陪伴,陪同;伴随 accomplish vt.达到(目的);完成 accord vt.使一致;给予accordance n.一致;和谐;授予 accordingly ad.因此,所以;照着 account n.记述;解释;帐目accumulate vt.积累vi.堆积accuracy n.准确(性);准确度accurate a.准确的,正确无误的 accuse vt.指责;归咎于accustom vt.使习惯accustomed a.惯常的;习惯的achieve vt.完成,实现;达到achievement n.完成;成就,成绩 acid n.酸;酸的,酸性的acquaintance n.认识;了解;熟人 acquire vt.取得;获得;学到acre n.英亩(=6.07亩) act vi.行动;见效n.行为action n.行动;作用;功能active a.活跃的;积极的activity n.活动;活力;行动actress n.女演员 actually ad.实际上;竟然 acute a.尖的,锐的;敏锐的 adapt vt.使适应;改编 add vt.添加,附加,掺加 addition n.加,加法;附加物 additional a.附加的,追加的 address n.地址;演说;谈吐 adequate a.足够的;可以胜任 的 adjective n.形容词 a.形容词 的 adjust vt.调整,调节;校正 administration n.管理;管理部 门 admire vt.钦佩,羡慕,赞赏 admission n.允许进入;承认 admit vt.承认;准许…进入 adopt vt.收养;采用;采取 advance vi.前进;提高n.进展 advanced a.先进的;高级的 advantage n.优点,优势;好处 adventure n.冒险;惊险活动 adverb n.副词 advertisement n.广告;登广告 advisable n.明智的;可取的 advise vt.劝告;建议;通知 aeroplane n.飞机 affair n.事情,事件;事务 affect vt.影响;感动 affection n.慈爱,爱;爱慕 afford vt.担负得起…;提供 African a.非洲的n.非洲人 agency n.经办;代理;代理处 agent n.代理人,代理商 aggressive a.侵略的;好斗的 agony n.极度痛苦 agreement n.协定,协议;同意 agriculture n.农业,农艺;农 学 aid n.帮助,救护;助手 aircraft n.飞机,飞行器 airline n.航空公司;航线 airplane n.飞机 airport n.机场,航空站 alarm n.惊恐,忧虑;警报 alcohol n.酒精,乙醇 allow vt.允许,准许;任 alloy n.合金;(金属的)成色 alone a.单独的ad.单独地 alphabet n.字母表,字母系统 alter vt.改变,变更;改做 alternative n.替换物;取舍,抉 择 although conj.尽管,虽然 altitude n.高,高度;高处 altogether ad.完全;总而言之 aluminium n.铝 amaze vt.使惊奇,使惊愕 ambition n.雄心,抱负,野心 ambulance n.救护车;野战医 院 amongst prep在…之中 (=among) amount n.总数;数量;和 ampere n.安培 amplify vt.放大,增强;扩大 amuse vt.逗…乐;给…娱乐 analyse vt.分析,分解,解析 analysis n.分析,分解,解析 ancestor n.祖宗,祖先 anchor n.锚vi.抛锚,停泊 ancient a.古代的,古老的 angel n.天使,神差,安琪儿 anger n.怒,愤怒vt.使发怒 angle n.角,角度 angry a.愤怒的,生气的 ankle n.踝,踝节部 announce vt.宣布,宣告,发表 announcer n.宣告者;播音员 annoy vt.使恼怒;打搅 annual a.每年的n.年报 anticipate vt.预料,预期,期望 anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑;渴望 anxious a.忧虑的;渴望的 anyway ad.无论如何 apart ad.相隔;分开;除去 apartment n.一套公寓房间 apologize vi.道歉,谢罪,认错 apology n.道歉,认错,谢罪 apparatus n.器械,仪器;器官 apparent a.表面上的;明显的 appeal vi.&n.呼吁;申述 appear vi.出现;来到;似乎 appearance n.出现,来到;外 观 appetite n.食欲,胃口;欲望 appliance n.用具,器具,器械 applicable a.能应用的;适当的 application n.请求,申请;施 用 apply vt.应用,实施,使用 appoint vt.任命,委任;约定 appointment n.任命;约定,约 会 appreciate vt.欣赏;领会;感 谢 approach vt.向…靠近n.靠近 appropriate a.适当的,恰当的 approval n.赞成,同意;批准 approve vt.赞成,称许;批准 approximately ad.近似地,大约 Arabian a.阿拉伯的 arbitrary a.随心所欲的;专断 的 architecture n.建筑学;建筑式 样 argument n.争论,辩论;理由

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