黑龙江省宁安市东京城林业局第三中学高中英语 Module 1 Small Talk Vocabulay Grammar学案外研版选修6
学习目标：学习和区别didn’t need to do和needn’t have done的用法，提高语言运用能
力。
学习方法指导：通过复习知识点，高考链接的训练对该语法进行巩固和熟练应用。
学习过程：
Ⅰ.1. 本模块提到了need表示“过去不必做某事”的表达方法。didn’t need to do 和
needn’t ha ve done 这两种结构都可以表示过去不必做某事, 但didn’t need to do表示“没必要, 实际上也没有做某事”;而needn’t have done则表示“本没有必要, 但实际上已经做了某事”。
比较: ①They didn’t need to do it themselves, so they went home in advance.
②They did not need to go to school, so they went camping together.
③I didn’t nee d to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 a. m.
上面三句话中, ①表明他们没必要自己做, 实际上他们也没有自己做;
②表明我们没有去上课; ③表明实际上“我”没有早起。
①As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally.
②—Mr. Smith didn’t c ome last night, did he?
—No. We needn’t have waited for him. A whole night was wasted.
③ You needn’t have said th at when he asked.
以上三句话中, ①表明虽然没有必要正式着装, 但实际上打扮得都很正式;
②表明虽然没必要等史密斯先生, 但实际上等了一晚上;
③表明当他问的时候, 实际上说了。
2. “n eed”既可以作情态动词, 也可以作实义动词。
1)“need”作为情态动词的用法:
①need表示“需要”或“必须”, 通常用于否定句和疑问句。如: You needn’t do it again.
②needn’t后的不定式间或也能用进行式或被动语态。如:We needn’t be waiting in this place. The hedges needn’t be trimmed this week. 本周树蓠不必要整修。
2)“need”作为实义动词时, 通常用法是:
①人＋need＋to do We need to collect the parcel before we leave for England.
②物＋need＋doing The flowers need watering.
③物＋need ＋to be done His leather shoes needs to be mended.
④另外, “need”后还可以直接跟名词。It is a question that needs very careful consideration.
Ⅱ. 情态动词 + have + done
(1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作__________推测，表示“一定已经，想必已经”做过某事，用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用__________。
She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post.
(2) may have done, might have done, could h ave done “___________________________”，就语气而言 could have done 所表的可能性更小些。
He may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九点前已离去。
(3) should have done / ought to have done 表示“____________________”但实际未做。
I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn't.
(4) shouldn't have done / oughtn't to have done 表示“_____________”，但实际上又做了。
He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left London before nine but he did.
(5) can't / couldn't have done 表否定推测，“_____________”。
She can't / couldn't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. (6)could have done 可表示客观上“____________________”。表示遗憾 He could have finished the wo rk in time but he didn't work hard.
(7) I needn't have gone to the office yesterday (but I went there).
(8) might have done 还可表示过去“本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”。用于表示说话人对已发生事提出批评或意见。He might have given more help, even if he was very busy.
Ⅲ.高考例析
1. Sorry I'm late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might
B. should
C. can
D. will
2. I was really anxious about you. You_________ home without a word. （01 全国）
A. mustn't leave
B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left
D. needn't leave
3. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You________ her last week. （04 福建）
A．ought to tell B．would have told C．must tell D．should have told 4. — Tom graduated from college at a very youn g age.
— Oh, he ______ have been a very smart boy then. （04 全国IV）
A. could
B. should
C. might
D. must
5.He _______ have completed hi s work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the
seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't
6. — Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
— Well. He have gone far—his coat's still here. （05湖北卷）
A．shouldn't B．mustn't C．can't D．wouldn't
7. — The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. — Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! (05 江苏卷)
A. may go through
B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through
D. must have gone through
8. I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere. （05 北京春季）
A. must drop
B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping
D. must have been dropped
9. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
10. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （05 山东卷）
A. could
B. would
C. must
D. need
IV. 反思小结：______________________________________________________________
11. — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?— Something ______ to him. A．must happen B．s hould have happened
C．could have happened D．must have happened
12. I _______ have been more than six years old when the accid ent happened. （05 天
津卷）
A. shouldn't
B. couldn't
C. mustn't
D. needn't
13. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. （05 辽宁卷）
A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put ABDDBCDBAADBD