Module 1课时达标训练(一)
阅读理解
A
American and British people use different greetings. In the USA the commonest greeting is “Hi！”. In Britain it is “Hello！” or “How are you？”. “Hi！” is creeping (不知不觉地进入) into British English, too. When they are introduced to someone, the Americans say, “Glad to know you.”The British say, “How do you do？”or “Pleased to meet you.” When Americans say “Goodbye”，they nearly always add “Have a good day.”or “Have a good trip.” to friends and strangers alike. Britons are already beginning to use “Have a good day.”
The British usually use “got”in the sense of “have”. The Americans hardly ever do.American English: Do you have a car, room, etc.？Yes, I do. British English: Have you got a car, room, etc.？Yes, I have.
Many American words ending in “or”，e．g. honor, labor are spelt in British English with an “our”，e．g. honour, labour. Many verbs in American English with “ize”or “izing”forms, e．https://www.doczj.com/doc/7118882244.html,anize, realizing are spelt in Briti sh English with “ise” or “ising”，e．g. organise, realising. In American English, “practice”is used both for the verb and noun. In British English, the verb is spelt “practise”，and the noun “practice”. In American English, one writes “traveler”，while in British English, one writes “traveller”．
It was once predicted that British and American English would become separate languages finally. But the opposite has happened. The links between the two countries are so strong that linguistically (语言上地), and probably culturally too, they are closer together than ever.
1．The Americans hardly say “________”．
A．Goodbye. Have a good day!
B．Glad to know you!
C．Hi!
D．Have you got a car?
2．What does the third paragraph talk about?
A．There are lots of differences in spelling between American English and British English.
B．The reasons why the Americans and the British use different spellings.
C．There are few differences in spelling between American English and British English.
D．The different usages of words in American English and British English.
3．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．The two languages must become separate languages.
B．American English will be used more and more.
C．The two languages may be closer and closer.
D．British English will be used more and more.
4．The underlined word “predicted”means “________”．
A．explained B．foretold
C．considered D．proved
B
The English language was introduced to the Americans through British colonization in the early 17th century and it spread to many parts of the world. Over the years, English spoken in the United States and in Britain are different in many ways.
Differences in vocabulary
While a word may mean something in British English, it might mean something else in American English. For example: an athlete in British English is one who joins in track and field events (田径比赛), but an athlete in American English is one who participates in sports in general.
__________________
There are also a few differences between British English and American English in the use of prepositions. For example: while the British would play in a team, Americans would play on a team. Another example: while the British would go out at the weekend, Americans would go out on the weekend.
Differences in verb usage
American and British English may also use a base verb in different manners. For example: for the verb “dream”，Americans would use the past tense “dreamed” while the British would use “dreamt” in the past tense. The same applies to “learned” and “learnt”. Another example of differing past tense spellings for verbs in American and British English is “forecast”. Americans use “forecast” while the British would say “forecasted” in the simple past tense. These words have the same meanings.
Differences in time telling
Both languages have a different structures of telling the time. While the British would say a quarter past ten to express 10：15, it is uncommon in America to say a quarter after or even a quarter past ten. Thirty minutes after the hour is commonly called half past in both languages. Americans always write digital time with a colon, thus 6：00, but the British often use a point, 6：00.
5．An athlete in American English refers to a person who ________．
A．takes part in any kind of sport
B．enters into track and field events
C．has won medals in sports meetings
D．has the qualification to attend the Olympic Games
6．Which of the following can fill the blank?
A．Differences in oral language
B．Differences in pronunciation
C．Differences in the use of tenses
D．Differences in the use of prepositions
7．Which one is CORRECT from the passage?
A．Using half past two is common in America.
B．The Americans usually use “-t”to show a past tense verb.
C．There is no difference between American English and British English.
D．If you use British English in America, the Americans will not understand what you are saying.
8．By writing the passage, the author wants to ________．
A．underline the importance of learning a second language
B．encourage people to learn different languages and cultures
C．tell readers some differences between American English and British English
D．explain why there are so many differences between American English and British English
C
It is said that a great many things about languages are mysterious, and many will always be so. But some things we do know.
Firstly, we know that all human beings have a language of some kind. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. In historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language.
Secondly, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are underdeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.
This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have guessed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be
nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. This means each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.
Finally, we know that language changes. It's natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.
9．In the 2nd paragraph the author thinks that ________．
A．some backward races don't have a language of their own
B．some races in history didn't possess a language of their own
C．any human race, whether backward or not, has a language
D．some races on earth can communicate without a language
10．As the author says, people of underdeveloped cultures can have ________ languages.
A．complicated B．uncivilized
C．primitive D．well-known
11．American Indian languages are mentioned to prove that they are ________．
A．as fully developed as some well-known languages
B．more primitive than some well-known languages
C．more complex than some well-known languages
D．just as primitive as some well-known languages
12．According to the author, language changes are most likely appear in ________．
A．grammar B．vocabulary
C．intonation D．pronunciation
答案：
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了英式和美式英语之间的差异，最后预测最终两种语言将变成不同的语言或越来越接近。
1．解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段所举例子可知英国人常使用have got，而美国人常使用have可知。
2．解析：选A段落大意题。根据第三段所举例子可知英式和美式英语在拼写上有很多差别。
3．解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可推知C项正确。
4．解析：选B词义猜测题。本文主要介绍了英式和美式英语之间的差异，最后预测