Interpretation Lecture 1
Lead-in
by Jianna
contents
? 1. course introduction
? 2. interpretation introduction
? 3. practice (E-C)
1. Course introduction
? 1. In-class performance:
? 1.1presentation (interpretation:1 min news with MP3 or your standard broadcasting pronunication)
? 1.2 in-class quiz
? 2. Final examination:
?1) English to Chinese, 5 sentences.
?2) English to Chinese, two paragraphs.
?3) Chinese to English, 5 sentences.
?4) Chinese to English, two paragraphs.
Introduce the coverage: see the textbook
?2-1 Greetings at the Airport
?2-2 Hotel Accommodation
?2-3 Banquet Service
?2-4 Getting Around
?3-1 Welcome
?3-2 A Wish to Invest
?3-3 Establishing a Joint Venture
?4-1 Travel in America
?4-2 The AIDS Epidemic
?4-3 Business Management
?5-1 Revisiting the Old Haunt
?5-2 A Pleasant Trip
?6-1 Celebrating the Spring Festival
?6-2 At the Christmas Party
2. Course introduction
? 2.1 The definition and classification P15
?Interpreting is an activity that consists of establishing, either simultaneously or consecutively, oral communication between two or more speakers who are not speaking the same language. (compared with translation)
The categorical classification of interpretation
?See textbook P15
?Three main kinds:
?Alternating interpretation
?Consecutive interpretation
?Simultaneous interpretation
? 2.2 Criteria
?Quick，Smooth，Accurate
? 2.3 Requirements for a qualified interpreter:
? A good command of languages
?Note-taking skill
?Much practice
?Wide-ranging knowledge
?Good manners and a sense of responsibility
?中口考试分为两阶段。第一阶段笔试，一般在每年3月和9月中旬周日下午，时间150分钟，总分250分。共分四部分：
第一部分听力90分，分为三部分，均为30分。Part A是复合式听写，20个空，跟四六级考试有点类似，但区别在于全文只能听一遍，每个空要填2-4个单词，语速大约130词/分。Part B 是听力理解，包括单句理解，长对话和短文。单句理解就是从四个选项中找出和所听到的句子意思最接近的一个，长对话和短文与四六级差不多。Part C是听译，分为单句听译和篇章听译，都是英译汉，即听力放英语句子和文章，然后留出一段时间，考生写出汉语翻译。
第二部分阅读60分，六篇文章，每篇文章后5个选择题。
第三部分英译汉50分，
?第四部分汉译英50分，要求考生不借助任何词典、参考资料和其它媒介，将一篇长度为180个单词（汉字）左右的英（汉）语文章段落译成汉（英）语。译文需忠实原文的意思，且语言通顺，符合译语规范。
合格为150分。凡第一阶段合格的考生方可参加第二阶段口试。笔试成绩两年内有效，即笔试通过后可以参加四次口试，只要任何一次通过即可拿到口译证书。
第二阶段口试，每年5月和11月，共分两部分：口语与口译。口语部分要求考生就指定话题作三分钟左右的命题发言，话题后面有三个提示问题，但不要求一定要按照问题阐述观点。
考生拿到口语试题后有五分钟的准备时间。口译分英译汉和汉译英两部分，每部分均要求口译主题各不相同的两个段落。各两段，每段四断，每断两或三句，每断单独评分。答对11句及以上可以通过。
Skills and strategies
? 1. 口译这个词的英语表达interpretation，就是“解释”的意思，所以口译说到底就是在做一件事“解释”，把意思解释明白就是口译员的职责
? E.g. 1.中国古代有种舞，就是驱鬼逐疫的祭祀仪式上跳的舞。
?驱鬼逐疫”解释一下，意思就是“让鬼和疾病都远离人们”
?In ancient China, there was a form of dance which was performed at sacrifice/ritual ceremonies to frighten off the ghosts and to relieve people of epidemics.
?.近一时期，国际上发生了许多大事，上至政治家，下至老百姓，都无法视而不见，充耳不闻。?“都无法视而不见，充耳不闻。”的意思就是“不能忽视”，所以这里大可不必费力的翻译成“turn
a blind eye to, turn a deaf ear to”，只要翻译成“overlook”. “neglect” 等词就可以了。?Some major events have taken place in recent months. None of us, from politicians to people in the street, can afford to overlook.
?我们在解释的同时其实还在做一件事，就是“简化”原文。这是必然的，要解释一个概念，我们往往都会选择较简单的文字。这也是listener-friendly的一种做法，在口译实战中，让听者明白译文是最重要的。由此，我们也总结出一条口译原则就是KISS (keep it simple but not stupid).
?秋高气爽，丹桂飘香
?“The sky is high and people feel good. The smell of Guihua is good.”
?the weather in autumn is fine. The scent of flower in the golden season of autumn can be smelled everywhere.
?（笔译）The heady fragrance of laurel blossoms (was) wafted through the fresh air.; A rich perfume of osmanthus blossoms was wafted to us by the breeze.
?部长：这个问题很清楚，小葱拌豆腐一清二白。
?译员：the matter is clear, like blending spring onion with bean curd. The white remains white, the green remains green.
?部长：你们国家有豆腐吗？
?译员：do you have bean curd in your country?
?找出核心词。有一些词是用来强调语气的，实际上并没有增加新的意思。
? e.g. 刻苦勤奋---diligent
?兢兢业业---dedicated
?多才多艺---talented, versatile
?不断扩大---expanding
?更新、更高的要求---higher demand
?(2) 少些多划。少字多意。
? e.g. 中国（中）北京（北BJ）大连（DL）politics (pol) government (g) globalization (G) 世界国际（世g ）金融（fs）forum (F) business (Bz) (I, we) might (mt) unpaid (Xp) unusual place (X pl)
?听到英文的now, currently, at the moment, at present 通用一个笔记，international, world 一个笔记，改革开放（改），社会主义（社）developed, developing (D,D, 发发，看一个就想起第二个了)
?少横多竖。
? e.g. we have invested in schools, colleges, universities, libraries, and our communities. ?学院大图社学
?院
?大
?图
?社
?使用第一人称。口译不存在人称，讲话人“我”，译员“我”讲话人无法重复公司名字，或中文里无主句时，e.g. 广东是中国大陆最南端的省份，”we are next to the South Sea…” “我们”
代替一个组织的名字，该组织代表或成员，英语中听到“there is, there are” 也可以用第一人称
? e.g. there are 500 staff in our company” “我们有500名员工”
3. Practice
?I imagine some of you here today are voters or might be in the future.
?我想我们今天当中有些人就是或者将来可能成为投票人。
?This means that business has an electoral voice.
?这就是说商界在选举中有自己的声音。
?The other difference in the city is that we all stand as independents and we are all unpaid.
?金融城与众不同的另外一点是我们都是独立候选人，都不拿工资。
?As the business of the city is financial services,
?由于金融城的业务是金融服务，
? a key role of the Lord Mayor is representing the financial and related business community. ?所以金融城市长是一个关键角色就是代表金融以及相关的社区。
3. Practice
?Aspiration: strong will 渴望
?on the spot: at the very place 在现场
?consecutive: one after another 连贯的
?simultaneous: at the same time 同时的
?cherish: to keep in one’s mind
?veteran: an experienced person 有经验得
?medium: An intervening substance through which something else is transmitted or carried on
?readily: quickly, easily
?prerequisite: Required or necessary as a prior condition 先决条件，必备条件?abbreviation: shorten form 缩写
?competent: Properly or sufficiently qualified; capable 胜任的
?motto: A brief statement used to express a principle, a goal, or an ideal.
?facet,: One of numerous aspects, as of a subject; 座右铭
?reproduce: 复制，再生
?diagram: 图表，图解
E-C practice
?To become a good interpreter is the aspiration cherished by every student of English. Then, what are the necessary qualities that make a good interpreter?
?成为一名优秀的口译员是每个英语专业的学生一直以来的渴望。那么，想成为一名好的口译员需要哪些必备素质？
?In order to get the answer, we have to understand the nature of work of an interp reter. ?为了得到这个答案，我们需要理解口译员工作的本质。
?The work of an interpreter is to reproduce orally in another language what has just been said.
?口译员工作是用另外一门语言口头复制别人所说的话。
?To put in another way, it is oral translation on the spot.
?换句话说，现场口头翻译。
?Interpretation can be consecutive, that is, reproduction after the speaker has stopped, or simultaneous, that is, at the same time as the speaker is speaking.
?口译可以是接续口译，也就是讲话人讲话结束后复制他所说的。也可以是同声传译，即说话人讲话同时进行口头翻译。
?Therefore, special requirements arise from the special nature of interpretation. Some
veteran interpreters have summarized the requirements of interpretation as “quick ,
smooth，accurate”.
?因此，口译的特殊性需要特殊要求。一些有经验得口译员总结口译的要求是快，顺，精。
?
Obviously, a correct understanding and reproduction of the speaker’s meaning comes first, because an interpreter is merely a medium among the speakers of different
languages in their communication.
?显然，正确的理解和复制说话人的意思首当其冲，因为口译员只是持不同语言交流的说话者得媒介。
?At the same time, an interpreter must be quick in his/her work. They must not delay. Their interpretation should be smooth so that it can be readily understood
?同时，口译员必须在工作中很迅速，不能拖延。他们的口译顺畅能很容易被人理解。
?. To achieve accuracy in interpretation, an interpreter must comprehend correctly in the first place. Together with smooth reproduction, it is not difficult to see that a good
command of English (or other languages) and Chinese is the prerequisite condition. A clear pronunciation and intonation are crucial for an interpreter. However, the achievement of speed needs special training.
?口译员在口译过程中想要达到精确程度，正确理解是首位。连同顺畅的复制过程，不难看出掌握好英语或其他语言和母语汉语是必备条件。清晰的语音语调对口译员至关重要。然而，语速也需要特殊训练。
?One of the difficulties lies in memory. Many students complain that they cannot remember what has just been said. Here, note-taking may help. Note-taking serves as an aid to memory on the spot, so you do not have to take down every word being spoken which is both impossible and unnecessary.
?另外一个难点在于记忆。很多学生抱怨他们不能记住所说的。那么，笔记可以起作用。记录可以帮助现场记忆。你不用写下每个说出来的词，即不可能，又没必要。
?You only need to take down the key words which represent the main ideas and of co urse, numbers and figures. Your note must have a clear presentation or pattern which indicates the logical development of the speaker’s ideas. This is important because it will help your interpretation sensible and coherent. Besides, symbols, abbreviations and diagrams may also be used to make your note-taking faster.
?你只需要记录能够代表主要意思的关键词，当然包括各种数字。你的笔记一定要有清晰的代表含义，能够有逻辑性的表示讲话人思维的过程。这点很重要因为这会帮助你的口译合理而上下一致。除此以外，缩写、图表也可以使你的笔记更快捷。
?The head of the US federal public health agency says it's on its highest level of alert over the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa. More than 930 people are thought to have died from the virus so far in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria. The CDC's director Dr
Thomas Frieden told Congress it was unprecedented crisis.
?美国联邦公共卫生署负责人指出，卫生署对目前西非埃博拉病毒的爆发保持最高戒备状态。
据估计，在塞拉利昂、利比里亚、几内亚和尼日利亚已经有愈930人死于该病毒。疾控中心主任托马斯·弗里登博士告诉国会，这是一场史无前例的危机。
?At the current trend, within another few weeks, there will have been more cases in thisoutbreak than in all previous recognised outbreaks of Ebola put together. I have
activated the CDC emergency operation centre at level one for this outbreak. This is our highest level of response. It doesn't mean that there's an increased risk to Americans, but it does mean that we are taking an extensive effort to do everything we can to stop the outbreaks.
?按照目前的趋势发展，不出几周，由新一波埃博拉病毒爆发而滋生的病例累计起来会超过之前所有已核实的病毒爆发所引起的病例。我已经要求疾控中心应急指挥中心，对这次的病毒
爆发保持一级戒备状态。这是我们对疾病最高程度的回应。这并不代表美国公民患病的风险与日俱增，但这确实意味着：我们正在从多方面采取手段，竭尽我们所能来遏制埃博拉病毒爆发。
?The authorities in several countries have now introduced a number of measures aimed at preventing the spread of the virus.
?数个（遭受病毒侵袭的）国家的官方机构目前已经引进了大量措施，旨在预防病毒的进一步扩散
?But first, the World Health Organization is holding an emergency meeting to discuss how to tackle the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. It's the worst ever recorded, and so far has killed over 800 people in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The virus spreads mostly by contact with infected bodily fluids and up to 90% of the people who catch it die. But today we meet one of the 10% who survive. 41-year-old Saa Sabas from Guinea caught Ebola from his father in April this year. Through a translator, he told me what happened when his father became ill.
?世界卫生组织召开紧急会议讨论如何应对在西非国家爆发的埃博拉病毒。这是有记载以来最可怕的病毒，到目前为止已经造成几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂等地800余人丧生。该病毒主要通过接触被感染的体液来进行传播，致死率高达90%。然而今天我们要认识的这位就是那10%的幸存者之一。来自几内亚41岁的萨阿·萨巴斯今年四月就从他父亲身上感染了埃博拉。通过翻译，他告诉我他父亲生病时的情况。
?Well, he had severe diarrhea. For five days he had diarrhea. Then he got a high fever and it finished with hiccups, violent hiccups. And then he died.
?当时他严重腹泻，持续了五天。接着他发高烧，最后打嗝，打得非常厉害。然后他就去世了。?And you were in close contact with him throughout his illness.
?那他患病期间，你一直和他有近距离的接触。
?Yes. I stayed at his side for the first four days. I washed him. I fed him. I held his hand.
When he was sweating I was wiping the sweat off. But we didn't know what kind of illness we were looking at.
?是的。起初四天，我一直在他身旁，帮他清洗身体，喂东西给他吃，握着他的手（安慰他）。
他出汗了，我给他擦汗。但那时我们根本不知道面对的是什么样的疾病。
?How long after his death was it diagnosed as having been caused by Ebola?
?他去世后多久被诊断出是埃博拉病毒致死的呢？
?Well, he died and we buried him. And after a couple of days, the authorities calle d me and said that I needed to be under supervision, observation for 21 days. And after about 11 days, I started feeling very hot. And I got a fever at the first symptoms.
?他去世后我们安葬了他。几天之后，当局就通知我说需要对我实施21天的监控。大概第11天左右，我就开始发热，起初的症状就是发高烧。