2018届高考英语二轮专题复习经典导学案资料（七十四）
每日一句
The first time they went abroad, the tourists were so curious about everything that they couldn’t help purchasing many goods, which made it difficult to control the budget.
游客们第一次出国时会对一切充满好奇心以至于禁不住会买很多东西，这样一来就很难控制预算了。
基础词汇强化练习
1. The journey is predicted to take a________ ten hours.
2. Outwardly she seemed confident but in r________ she felt extremely nervous.
3. She got the job by v________ of her greater experience.
4. She said that the stupid man’s plan was d________ t o failure.
5. Having been cornered, the desperate gangster (歹徒) l________ at the policeman.
6. It is not a hotel, in c________ sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel.
7. To keep a full bottle of milk on your head while walking, you need fine neck a________.
8. The government has threatened to get t________ with people who try to avoid paying taxes.
9. Music provides a very satisfying s________ experience for many people.
10. We u________ the class team on with loud cheers.
approximately reality virtue doomed lunged conventional adjustments tough spiritual urged
书面表达经典句式强化记忆
220. My dream / goal / hope / plan is... 我的梦想/目标/希望所划是…….
My dream is to speak English in three months. 我的梦想是三个月内会说英语.
221. My point of view is that... 我的观点是…….
My point of view is that everybody should have the right to get an education.
我的观点是每个人都应该有权利接受教育.
222. no matter what... …无论什么…….
No matter what happens, I'll always stand by you. 不论发生什么事,我都永远支持你.
书面表达经典朗读素材
What is Literary Writing?- 什么是文学创作?
If you come to an American university from another country, you will find that your instructors’ writing expectations c If you come to an American university from another country, you will find that your instructors’ writing expectations can often be difficult to understand. Many instructors are unaware of the differences in the approach to writing that other nationalities and cultures have, and even if they were aware, ESL students would still be expected to write academic essays in an "American" fashion. This handout touches on some of the basic qualities of an academic essay written in the United States.
State Your Thesis
American academic essays are usually "thesis-driven." This means that you as the
writer must explain the main point of your essay at the start. A thesis statement is a sentence or two that
(1) shows the purpose of the essay
(2) indicates the basic components of the essay
(3) offers the unique perspective of the writer
The thesis-driven essay may be different from non-American writing forms, in which the thesis is often implied, delayed, or delivered at the end of the essay. Consider the thesis statement a concise version of the entire essay, which usually appears in the introductory section of an essay.
经典谚语积累
Never judge from appearances. 不可以貌取人。
高频考点拾贝
阅读理解系列
按照考纲要求，高考的阅读文章允许有3%以内的生词。这就需要考生尽可能利用这些词所处的语境来猜测词义。高考阅读理解中比重最大也是比较基础的题型就是词义猜测和细节理解题，这类题是考生争取的重点，它要求考生快速而准确地获取信息，从而拿到最基本的分数。考生最常见的问题就是见到生单词就头脑发蒙，无法从已知信息中找到有用的线索，从而造成失分。
【例1】 I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph？(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
A．choose B．enjoy C．prepare for D. carry on
解析：有些学生连particularly也不认识，直接发蒙无法正确猜测。本段画线词的语境说，作者不太喜欢漫长的列车旅途，于是准备了许多本杂志，由此判断画线词的含义是B。她觉得这样的长途火车旅行是很枯燥的，她不喜欢。
答案：B
【例2】That’s why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause－can have a great effect on one’s life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems－even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.
The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means________。
A．being willing to speak one’s mind
B．being able to increase one’s power
C．being ready to make one’s own judgment
D．being quick to express one’s ideas confidently
解析：本词的前面有个register对于很多考生也是生词，导致学生无法猜测词义。根据本段对这位女士的描述可以得知她的问题出在哪里，因此D项符合题意。
答案：D
【解决方案与复习指南】
考生要利用上下文意所表达的相关关系及生词所处的语法位置，推测出词类和词义。阅读
理解中词义猜测题和细节理解题出题知识分类总结如下：
1．词义猜测题
(1)常用提问方式：
①According to the passage...probably means ________.
②The author uses the word...to mean________.
③What does the underlined word...refer to?
④The word (phrase, clause, ...) ...refers to (most probable means) ...________.
⑤What does the word...in Para...stand for?
⑥What does the writer mean when he says “...”？
⑦Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word...as it is used in the text?
⑧Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word?
(2)解题方法
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
解答此类试题，考生可以进行大胆猜测，但却又不是胡乱地、盲目地猜测，应使用一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种有效的猜测词义的方法，可以在平时的实战演练中注意训练，以期在考场上把失误减少到最低限度。
策略1：利用上下文语境猜测
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键。
策略2：根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示转折意思的连词、副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
此外，我们还可以通过捕捉相关的同义词近义词、反义词，利用有关的例证进行词义推测。2．指代题
对于指代题，考生应正确理解文段的内容，再根据上下文的句子结构、主谓关系以及上下文之间的语义关系和逻辑关系等来确定所指代的内容。同时，注意以下几个要点：
(1)注意指代条件。it, they, one, that，this都有自己的指代条件，如单数、复数、可数、不可数、先行词的远近(先行词一般紧靠代词。也就是说代词前面有几个可指代的词或词组同时出现，最靠近的词可能性最大)。它要求对代词所在句子以及紧邻几个句子的结构和意思都有准确的理解。
(2)注意文章意思。如果代词周围有好几个名词或词组，而且都符合指代条件，这就要分析哪一选项符合文章意思。
(3)注意搭配意思。把四个选项试着代入原文，看哪一项符合搭配意思，包括句子的语法意义和逻辑意义。
(4)注意综合考虑。综合注意指代条件，文章意思和搭配意思。
总之，遇到猜测词、句义类试题，要依据上下文进行综合推断，一定要注意上下文的联系，不宜只根据某个细节或者某个句子简单下结论。
(5)注意平时积累总结
①总结词类的转化，如：decide—decision, describe-description, explain—explanation；形容词与名词的转化，如：anxious—anxiety, angry—anger, free—freedom, various—variety等。
②总结、归纳高频同义、近义词语和表达相同意义的表达方式，如，表示“对……满意”，可以说：be pleased/satisfied/content with..., express one’s satisfaction with...；养成做某事的习惯，可以说：be/become used/accustomed to doing sth.，be in/get into the habit of doing sth., make it a rule to do sth.等。命题者在设计阅读理解题干时，往往使用此类表达方式。如：
One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest (卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast.
I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.
We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked，
“May I get you something？”
“A coffee would be nice.”
1．What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?
A．Unfriendly. B．Untidy. C．Gentle. D．Kind.
解析：词义猜测题。由文章第一段信息句I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man(我注意到空桌旁坐的那位年龄较大且满脸胡须的人)和He was wearing a worn-out hat(他戴着一顶破旧的帽子)可知，这人外表看起来显得有点不整洁(untidy)。
答案：B
2．The author bought coffee for the old man because________.
A．he thought the old man was poor
B．he wanted to start a conversation
C．he intended to show his politeness
D．he would like to thank the old man
解析：事实细节题。由第二段信息句I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat(我担心他可能没钱买吃的)可以得知，作者为那位老人支付咖啡钱的原因就是他认为那位老人可能是很穷。
答案：A
When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or“I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to su ccess.
The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
A．avoid B．accept C．improve D．consider
解析：词义猜测题。由画线词所在的句子的语境可知，成功者的秘诀在于不是把注意力集中
在谁该受到责备而是集中在怎样改善糟糕的境况。此处的动词remedy意为：改进，改正，纠正；所以improve“改善，改进”符合题意。
答案：C
The term “multitasking” originally referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises(大脑训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss.
In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex(前额叶脑皮层). Brain scans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex “moment of rest” yourself if you’ve ever dialed(拨电话)a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you called when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to another thought or task, and then took that “moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency(效率)declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time.
Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes.
We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names—even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.(2018·浙江卷)
1．Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking?
A．To make them more productive.
B．To reduce their stress and anxiety.
C．To develop their communication skills.
D．To help them perform daily tasks more easily.
解析：事实细节题。第一段说，“执行多项任务”成为一种生活方式，甚至被看做成功的关键，但是很多时候，这样的行为使我们降低而不是提高效率。由此判断，大脑训练的初衷是为了让我们提高工作效率，因此选A，其他选项的叙述不符合文章内容。
答案：A
2．According to Paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who he has called?
A．He may have his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged.
B．He is probably interrupted by another task.
C．He is probably not very familiar with the person he has called.
D．He may need a rest between dialing and speaking.
解析：推理判断题。第二段分析该现象说，当大脑从一项工作转到另一项工作时就会出现在任务转换时大脑的“瞬间休息”现象，比如在拨电话号码与接电话的转换中，对方接了电话之后你的大脑从一种思维转到另一种思维，此时你就会忘记了你是给谁打电话，由此判断，这种现象出现的原因是B，他被另外一项工作给打断了。
答案：B
3．People tend to make mistakes when________.
A．they perform several challenging tasks at a time
B．new messages are processed one after another
C．their relationships with others are affected
D．the tasks require little thought
解析：事实细节题。第三段最后说，当尝试同时进行两项或者更多的需要集中注意力工作时，我们就会犯错误。由此判断选A。
答案：A
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Multitasking has become a way of life.
B．Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.
C．Multitasking exercises need to be improved.
D．Multitasking enables people to remember things better.
解析：主旨大意题。随着现代生活节奏的加快，人们很多时候要同时处理两项甚至更多项工作，但人脑不同于电脑，在不同工作转换的时候、大脑常会出现“瞬间休息”现象，此时我们就会出错，研究表明，“多项任务”行为方式会增加我们的压力与焦虑感，使我们的记忆出现瞬间消失，我们的工作效率会因此而降低。因此全文的主题是B，“多重任务”会降低我们的工作效率。
答案：B
高考考纲词汇记忆
重点单词
glad [ɡl?d] a. 高兴的；乐意的
glance [gl?ns /glɑ?ns] vi. 匆匆一看；一瞥
glare [ɡle?(r)] v. 瞪眼,怒目而视,闪耀
glass [ɡlɑ?s; (US) ɡl?s] n.玻璃杯,玻璃；(复)眼镜
glasshouse [?ɡlɑ?sha?s] n. 温室，暖房
globe [ɡl??b] n. 地球仪,地球
glory [?ɡl??r?] n.巨大的光荣; 荣誉;赞美
glove [ɡl?v] n. 手套
glue [ɡlu?] n. 胶水
go (went, gone) [ɡ??] vi. 去；走；驶；通到；到达 n. 尝试（做某事）
goal [ɡ??l] n. （足球）球门，目标
goat [ɡ??t] n. 山羊
god [ɡ?d] n. 神，（大写）上帝
gold [ɡ??ld] n. 黄金 a 金的，黄金的
golden [?ɡ??ld(?)n] a. 金(黄)色的
goldfish [?ɡ??ldf??] n. 金鱼
golf [ɡ?lf] n. 高尔夫球
good (better ,best) [ɡ?d] a. 好；良好
good-bye [ɡ?d- ba?] int. 再见；再会
goodness [?ɡ?dn?s] n. 善良，美德
goods [ɡ?d] n. 商品，货物
goose (复 geese) [ɡu?s] n. 鹅
govern [?ɡ?v(?)n] v. 统治；管理
government [?ɡ?v?nm?nt] n. 政府
gown [ɡa?n] n. 礼服，长外衣，睡衣
grade [ɡre?d] n. 等级；（中小学的）学年；成绩，分数重点短语
decorate sth with sth;用sth来装饰sth
good deeds;好事
defend sth against/ for sth 保卫sth免受sth的伤害define…as…;把sth定义为
to a/ some degree;在某种程度上
delay doing;延误做sth
without delay;毫无耽搁
delight sb with sth;用sth来使sb高兴
take delight in (doing) sth以sth为乐
to sb’s delight 使sb高兴的是
deliver sth to sb;把sth 传递给sb
deliver a speech/ lecture 发表演说
the demand for sth 对于sth的需求
in demand;有需求
demand to do;要求去做
demand sth of sb;向sb要求sth
a demanding jo
b 高要求的工作
deny doing sth;否认做sth
There’s no denying that… 不能否认的是department store;百货店
depend on/ upon sb for sth;依靠sb得到sth
depend on/ upon sb to do sth 依靠sb去做sth
be dependent on/ upon sb
describe sb as;把sb形容为
describe sb/ sth to sb向sb形容sth
describe doing sth;形容做sth
give a description of sth;形容sth
beyond description;难以形容
deserve to do 值得/应该去做
deserve sth;应该得到sth
deserve doing= deserve to be done;应该被做
be designed for 为sth而设计
desire to do;渴望去做sth
desire for sth;对于sth的渴望
burning desire 强烈的欲望
in despair 处于绝望中
be desperate for;急于得到sth
be desperate to do 急于去做sth
holiday/ tourist destination;度假胜地
destroy sb’s hope/ confidence 破坏sb的希望/信心weapons of mass destruction;大规模杀伤性武器environmental destruction;环境破坏
in detail;详细地
a detective story 侦探故事
be determined to do下定决心去做
professional development;专业发展
devote…to… 把sth贡献于
look up a new word in the dictionary 查字典
die of/ from 死于die a natural death 自然死亡
be dying to do/ for 急于去做sth/急于得到sth