宾语从句用法
教学内容：宾语从句
一、宾语从句的连接词:
1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
e.g. He knew (that) he should work hard.
2、连词if 、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作"是否"解,在口语中多用if。
e.g. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词后:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how, 它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
e.g. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和"疑问词+不定式"结构转化。
e.g. I don't know how I should do with the presents. ? I don't know how to do with the presents.
2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.
二、宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即"连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分"。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg. She said, "I will leave a message on the desk."‘She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. "Where are the tickets?" I asked him. ' I asked him where the tickets are.
三、宾语从句的时态呼应:
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
e.g. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
e.g. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
中考链接
【2013常州】
9..---How soon will you start your journey?
----I’m not sure. I haven’t decided ______.
A when shall I ask the boss for leave
B where I will go to spend the holiday
C whether I would go by train or by plane
D who could invite me to go
【2014常州】
9. Hi, Jim. I hear that you’ve just come back from Sanya. I’m calling to ask .
A. how did you visit the city
B. how many days you’ve spend there
C. which hotel you stayed in Sanya
D. how you found the seafood there
【2011常州】
10．In the UK, a woman usually doesn’t like to be asked________.
A. whether she had been married
B. what is her age
C. how much she weighs
D. where she comes from
【2013扬州】.---Could you tell me_________?
---More than a year.
A. how soon will Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport be built
B. how long has Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport been in service
C. how soon Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport will be built
D. how long Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport has been in service
【2014扬州】
11. - Could you tell me ________?
- In August, 2014.
A. where will the Youth Olympic Games take place
B. when will the Youth Olympic Games take place
C. where the Youth Olympic Games will take place
D. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place
四、宾语从句和状语从句的区分:
e.g. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
2) I don't know if the train has arrived.
句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示"条件",修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法:
1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为"是否",充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为"如果"。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为"什么时候",充当状语从句的连接词时,意为"当……的时候"。
3、从时态看。if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
课堂练习
( )1. When H7N9 bird flu first appeared, people didn't know_______ doctors could cure it.
A. if
B. that
C. what
D. why
( )2. - I wonder_______.
- Shandong Province.
A. when will Peng Liyuan come
B. where Peng Liyuan is from
C. where Peng Liyuan came from
D. how Peng Liyuan will come
( )3. I don't understand_______ that everything's fine when it's not.
A. how can he say
B. can he say how
C. he can say how
D. how he can say ( )4. - Do you know_______ this afternoon?
- I'm not sure, but I'll tell you as soon as she_______.
A. how will Betty arrive; starts
B. how Betty will arrive; will start
C. what time will Betty arrive; will start.
D. what time Betty will arrive; starts
( )5. Please tell me_______ to improve my English.
A. what I can do
B. what can I do.
C. how I can do
D. how can I do
( )6. - Could you tell me_______?
- By searching the Internet.
A. how did Mona get the information
B. why Mona got the information
C. how Mona got the information
D. why did Mona get the information
( )7. - Philip has gone to New Zealand.
- Oh, can you tell me_______?
A. when did he leave
B. when he is leaving
C. when he left
D. when is he leaving ( )8.- Bob, please tell me_______.
- In South Hill School.
A. where will the match be held
B. where the match will be held
C. when will the match be held
D. when the match will be held
( )9. - Would you please tell me_______?
- Yes, There's a bank over there.
A. when can I exchange money
B. where can I exchange money
C. when I can exchange money
D. where I can exchange money
( )10. I don't remember_______ the book yesterday.
A. where I put
B. where did I put
C. where will I put
D. where I will put
( )11. - Would you please tell me_______?
- Bus No. 22 will take you there.
A. who will we go with to Meilanfang Theatre
B. what can we see in Qinghu Wetland Park
C. when we will leave for the Wetland Park
D. how we can get to the Old Street ( )12. I wonder_______.
A. what can I do on vacation
B. where I can go on vacation
C. who can I go on vacation with
( )13. - Could you please tell me_______?
- Yes. There is one on Centre Street.
A. where can I buy some stamps B when you will take your vacation
C. when was the telephone invented
D. if there are any good restaurants around here
( )14. - I wonder when_______ be held.
- If it _______, we'll have it next Monday.
A. the sports meeting will; doesn't rain
B. will the sports meeting; doesn't rain
C. the sports meeting will; will not rain
( )15. - Hey! Mike, guess_______ for my coming vacation
- To Hainan Island? You always like somewhere interesting.
A. what I will take
B. where I'm going
C. when I will leave
D. who I'm going with ( )16. - Could you tell me_______?
- At the end of July.
A. how often he heard from his pen pal
B. how soon he will be here
C. that he went on vacation
D. when you will start your vacation
( )17. - Could you tell me_______ yesterday?
- Because my bike was broken on my way here.
A. why you came late B why do you come late
C. why you come late.
D. why did you come late
( )18. Do you know_______ I saw yesterday? It was my favourite star, Jackie!
A whom
B when C. where D. how
( )19. - I don't know_______.
- Because he has to look after his mother.
A. why he is leaving
B. why is he leaving
C. whether he is leaving
D. whether is he leaving
( )20. - Could you tell me_______? I'm going to pick you up at the airport.
- At 15:45 this Friday.
A. where you met me
B. who you are coming with
C. when you came here
D. what time you are arriving