英语从句
复杂句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
从句的分类：
名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
形容词性从句：通常称为定语从句。
副词性从句：通常称为状语从句。包括：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从古、让步状语从句。
一、名词性从句：
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句1.1主语从句：
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么还不清楚。
如果what-分句本身明显表示复数意义，比如what分句的动词和补语都是复数，那么主句动词也可用复数。
What I say and think are none of your business.
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：It + be + 形容词+ that 从句
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is true that the sun is bigger than the earth。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
1.2宾语从句：
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
2.用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
1.3表语从句：
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语+ 系动词+ that从句。
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
常见的系动词：be动词（am，is，are），感官动词（feel，look，smell，sound，taste，seem），“变得”（get，become，turn，grow），“保持”（keep，stay）
1.4同位语从句：
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到可能玛丽生病了。
二、定语从句(初级篇)：
2.1定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。被修饰
的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词包括：that、which、who、whom、whose。
关系副词在句中作状语。关系副词包括：when、where、why
2.2定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
先行词：
指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词：关系词常有3个作用：
1.连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。
2.指代先行词。
3.在定语从句中担当成分。
2.3关系代词：
2.3.1that(在从句中做主语或宾语)
This is the desk that I borrow from my sister。
This is the desk I borrow the desk from my sister.
The man that stands near Lucy comes from America.
The man comes from America. the man stands near Lucy.
2.3.2Which（在从句中做主语或宾语）
A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside。
A prosperity had never been seen before.
A prosperity appears in the countryside.
The package which you are carrying is very beautiful.
The package is very beautiful You are carrying the package.
2.3.3Who(在从句中做主语或宾语)
Is he the man who wants to see you?
Is he the man? The man wants to see you.
2.3.4Whom（在从句中做宾语）
Is he the man whom you want to see ?
Is he the man? You want to see the man.
2.3.5Whose(在从句中做定语,翻译为谁的)
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down
2.4 关系副词：
2.4.1 When(在从句中做时间状语,翻译为那时候)
There comes a time when you have to make a choice.
There comes a time you have to make a choice.
I want to read this book in the morning when our memory is pretty good.
I want to read this book in the morning our memory is pretty good.
2.4.2where(在从句中做地点状语,翻译为在那里)
Dawan high school is a good school where I spend three years on study.
Qingbaijiang is the place where I was born.
2.4.3Why（在从句中做原因状语通常先行词是reason、explanation，翻译成为什么）
We don’t know the reason why he dosen’t come to school。
She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.
定语从句（高级篇）
一、限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句：
限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整
The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting.
非限制性定语从句的作用是：不直接修饰先行词，只为先行词提供一些补充的信息，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开
I made a card for mom, who loves me most.
My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China.
非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。
在非限定定语从句中，有时as也可用作关系代词，若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。例如：
The boy has as much progress as we had expected.
As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .
非限制性定语从句引导词：which、who、whom、whose、when、where、as
（注意没有that）
My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China.
My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
They went to London，where they lived for six months.
As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .
二、“介词+关系代词”的结构：
1. “介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why.如：
I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school.
The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。
2. “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒装。如：
They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看见一个人，他的头上有一只鸟。
3.“不定代词或数词+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。如：
China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu.
There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film.
4.“介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语。如：Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat?
The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.
5. “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的执行者。如：
The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。
6. “名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在关系分句中作定语。如：
I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black with disease.
我看见一些树，它们的叶子因害病而发黑。
He mentioned a book, the title of which(= whose title) I’ve forgotten.
7. “介词+ which（指物）/whose（指人）”修饰后边的名词。如：
It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces.
雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.
司机就是那个男人，她从他的房间偷走地图。
8. “介词+ which +不定式”。此种用法多见于正文体中，相当于一个带有主语和谓语的定语从句。如：
She had only 1.87 with which to buy (= she could buy) Jim, her husband, a present.
她只有一元八角七分钱，用这些钱她给丈夫吉姆买一件礼物。
三、."as"用法：
1."as"引导限制性定语从句
1.1."such....as" He is not such a fool as he looks.
1.2."the same ....as" This is the same book as I lost last week.
(区分"the same...as"与"the same....that"：两者都引导定语从句。that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个。as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。举例：
This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。
This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。
1.3."as...as" As many children as came were given some cakes.
2."as"引导非限制性定语从句常用句式:
As everyone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long history .
as is said above 综上所述as is known to all 众所周知
as is often the case 通常如此as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的
四、关系代词that、which在很多情况下可以替换，特殊情况下不可替换。
有六种情况只可用that而不用which:
（1）不定代词anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little为先行词时；
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
（2）先行词为the only, the very, the just时；
He is the very that helped the girl out of the water. 他从水中救起了那个女孩。
（3）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词或最高级时；
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain.
（4）先行词既有人又有物时；
He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.
（5）当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that；
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
（6）关系代词作表语时；
He is not the man that he used to be. 他以前不是这样的人。
有两中情况只用which不用that：
（1）当主句先行词后有介词时，用which。例：This is the one of which I'm speaking。
（2）非限定性定语从句，用which。
五、定语从句只能“that”引导的情况：
1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。
This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.
2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。
The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.
3、先行词是不定代词时，如"all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something"
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.
4.、先行词既有人又有物时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
5、先行词被“only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”、“the right"、“the same"等修饰
He is the only person that l want to talk to.
6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用"that"
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
六、定语从句可以省略关系词的情况：
定语从句中关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。关系词的省略主要限于以下几个方面。如：
1. 关系代词作宾语时的省略。当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如： Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?
Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?
2. 关系代词作表语时的省略。当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。
如： China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)
3. 关系代词作宾补时的省略。当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。如：I’m not the madman (that) you thought me.
我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)
4. 关系副词when的省略。用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略但有一种特殊情况即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。
如： That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国
了。I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。
5. 关系副词where的省略。用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：
This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。
Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour?
你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？
6. 关系副词why的省略。关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如：
That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因
七、区分定语从句和同位语从句：
定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明.是补充说明的关系。
The boy who is playing football is my classmate.（定语从句）
名词作同位语Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.
The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.（同位语从句）
可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有：news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility, decision等。
三、状语从句：
3.1.条件状语从句:由引导词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.
3.2.时间状语从句：用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的复合句就是时间状语从句。连接时间状语从句的连接词有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...... 这里要注意一点的是，如果主句是一般将来时，从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义，简称主将从现。
We were about to leave when he came in
It will be four days before they come back。
3.3.目的状语从句:从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导.
You must speak louder in order that you can be heard by all.
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus
3.4.原因状语从句：
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, as（由于）, since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, when （既然）, seeing (that) （由于，鉴于）, considering (that)（考虑到）, given (that) （考虑到）,for （为）等
I don’t like this computer because it is too ugly.
Since you don't trust him, you should not employ him.
3.5.方式状语从句：方式状语从句通常由as, as…so…, as if, as though, by,with引导。
You must try to hold the tool as I do
As water is to fish, so air is to man
3.6.地点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地点、方位，这类从句通常由where引导。
I found my books where I had left them.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where 引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：
where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。
Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句）
Go back to the place where you came from.(where引导定语从句，修饰place)
3.7.比较状语从句：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级：as…as，not so（as）…as …，比较级：more…than（更）特殊引导词：the more … the more … ；no … more than；not A so much as B
My hometown is as beautiful as Hangzhou
Nothing is more dangerous than that you make friends with him
The more homework you do, the more you will get in study.
3.8.结果状语从句:so… that或such…that
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming.
3.9.让步状语从句:引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：
though，although, while，as, even if，even though, whether...or...,no matter who/no matter what/ no matter where，whoever/whatever/wherever，regardless of…，despite，in spite of。
Although/Though he was exhausted, he still kept on working.
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed
一个例句记住状语从句：
虽然我不太乖但是如果妈妈今天不忙，为了给我过生她会用微信在蛋糕店买一个
（让步）（条件）（时间）（目的）（原因）（方式）（地点）
足球般大小的蛋糕。
（比较）（结果）
高中英语三大从句练习题 1．Football is a very interesting game , is played all over the world．A．that B．which C．it D．who 2．The last place we visited was the Great Wall． A．which B．that C．where D．it 3 He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school． A．which B．who C．it D．that 4．His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made． A．that B．which C．where D．there 5．I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm． A．which B．where C．when D．who 6．Jack’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely ． A．as B．which C．that D．this 7．I wonder how much ． A．cost these shoes B．do these shoes cost C．these shoes cost D．are these shoes cost 8．Computers can only give out has been stored in them . A．that B．which C．what D．anything 9．My friend wouldn’t tell me his new car ． A．how much he paid for B．how much did he pay C．he paid how much for D．did he pay how much 10．It doesn’t matter I rest or not ． A．if B．whether C．that D．when 11．The trouble is we are short of tools ． A．what B．that C．how D．which 12． I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind．A．That , that B．Which , what C．What , what D．What, why 13．The thought he might fail in the exam worried him ． A．which B．that C．when D．/ 14．The fact he is an orphan is well known． A．what B．that C．which D．/ 15． I will accept the gift is none of your business． A．If B．Whether C．What D．Which 16． I have will be yours sooner or later ． A．No matter what B．No matter whatever C．Whatever D．That 17. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 18. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 19. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 20. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 21. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
英语定语从句用法详解 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如： The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如： The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如： All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时，如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2）非谓语动词之后的宾语从句 Reading that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing. 这个外国人知道了这只是风俗的不同后，就笑了笑，没说什么。 On being asked whether he had any good food in Germany, he answered ”Terrible”. 一问到他在德国是否吃过什么好菜，他就回答说：“糟糕的很”。 3)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 4)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how 等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。不缺其他成分时，用that引导，且不可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship.
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以下是一些基本的从句知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例：The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 格先行词主格宾格所有格 人who whom whose 物which which whose 、of which 人、物that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和whose的用法 1）who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。2）whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式 英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） 3）whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad.
英语定语从句用法详解（初中） 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why 等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中， who用作主语，如： This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中， whose用作定语，如： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如： The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在 whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如： He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如： The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如： All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时，如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如： Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
中考英语三大从句练习及答案解析 定语从句： （一）基础：引导词---who, which, that, whom, 练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working. 3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring. 4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot. 5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy. 6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen. 7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading. 8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting. （二）特例：只用that的情况 1先行词被___________或___________所修饰，或本身是______________________时，只能用 that， 2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用 that. 3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用which。 4.先行词里同时含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying? 练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup. 2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost 4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used. 6. He was the first person _______passed the exam. 7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly. （三）whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms ______windows face south. 3. This is the desk ______legs were broken. 4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.. 6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old. （四）从句谓语单复数由先行词确定，时态由从句时间状语决定，不必跟主句保持一致。 1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework. 2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting. 3- 4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class. 5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China. 10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best. (五)“介词＋关系代词”注意：介词的选用要考虑： A.与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college.
高考英语定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句综合练习 一定语从句 1.定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句为定语从句，如： The novels that were written by Lu Xun were not easy to understand. 2.定语从句的构成要素 （1）先行词： （2）关系词： （3）从句： 3.定语从句的关系词 that which （1）关系代词who whom whose as when （2）关系副词where why 4.关系词的句法功能： （1）关系代词在定语从句中作______________，关系副词在定语从句中作_______________，关系代词作宾语时可以省略； （2）关系副词在定语从句中作______________。 5.定语从句解题方法 找准先行词，将先行词带入定语从句，使定语从句成为一个完整的句子，再分析从句的句子成分。若从句缺主语或宾语选用_____________________，若从句却状语，选用_____________________。 二、名词性从句 1.名词性从句分类 （1）主语从句 （2）宾语从句 （3）表语从句 （4）同位语从句 2.名词性从句的语序 名词性从句使用________________语序 3.名词性从句的引导词 连接词：that, whether, if
名从引导词连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whomever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 4.名词性从句引导词的句法功能 （1）连接词： （2）连接代词： （3）连接副词 5.名词性从句解题方法 三、状语从句 1.状语从句的引导词： 时间状语从句： 地点状语从句： 原因状语从句： 让步状语从句： 条件状语从句： 结果状语从句： 目的状语从句： 比较状语从句： 方式状语从句： 2.状语从句解题方法 The evening, _________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2.（2010福建）We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have _____we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 3.（2008湖南）__________ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As 4.（2008重庆）They will fly to Washington, _________ they plan to stay for tow or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when
今天起为大家介绍一下英语中几大从句的用法以及其相关内容， 如果总结地不够详尽的， 还 将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *lt is a fact ? a pity ? a questi On ?good n ews that... *lt seems ?appears ?happe ned ?has turned out that... ∣ *lt is clear ?importa nt ?likely ?possible that... *It is said ?reported ?estimated ?has bee n PrOVed that... It is Said that comic books Create a Conn ecti On betwee n people of the Same gen erati on. ∣ It SeemS that the PerfOrma nce is Very useful. 2) What 引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时” 一般不用it 作形式主语。 What We lack is experie nce. 3) what,who,whe n,why,whether 等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈 述语序。 How the pla n is to be Carried out should be discussed aga in. I did know Why I felt like crying. To be ContinU ed: 宾语从 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词 that 常可省略。介词后一般接疑 问词引导的宾语从句。in that （因为）,except that （除了 ）,but that （只是）已构成固定搭配，其 他介词后一般不接that 引导的宾语从句。 *I PrOmiSed that I would Cha nge the SitUati on. *All this is differe nt from What AmeriCa n young people would Say about frien dship. *He is Certain that WatChing so much television is not good for ChiIdren. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2) 宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语 it 来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not Cha nge his mind. 3) 在think,believe,suppose,expect 等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否 | 定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He did n't think that the money WaS well SPe nt. To be Continued: 表语从句 3. 表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为 主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用 请各位朋友补充说明，谢谢。 —I 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用 it 作形式主语，而
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.