2015年全国新课标高考模拟测试卷（二）
英语
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。第I卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。满分为150分。考试用时120分钟。
第I卷（选择题100分）
第一部分听力
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Who will repair the washing machine？
A．The man B．The woman C．A repairman
2．What model did the woman order?
A．X-200 B．X-215 C．X-250
3．Why can?t the woman stay late?
A．She has to prepare dinner.
B．She?s having compan y for dinner.
C．She?s expecting a long-distance call.
4．What will the woman tell the man?
A．Her new address.
B．Her company name.
C．Her new office number.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．A painting. B．A butterfly. C．An argument.
第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．Where does the conversation take place?
A．In a car. B．On a train. C．On an airplane.
7．How does the woman suggest solving the present difficulty?
A．By changing vehicles.
B．By asking the way.
C．By taking another route.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8．What is the man complaining?
A．There is too much traffic.
B．The woman didn?t arrive on time.
C．The meeting is held in a bad place.
9．When did the woman?s client arrive?
A．Just when she was to leave the office.
B．Soon after she left the office.
C．Just as she entered the office.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What does the woman suggest the man do?
A．Write the resume carefully.
B．Pay more attention to the cover letter.
C．Type the cover letter in an attractive color.
11．What should be included in the second paragraph?
A．Thank employers for their consideration.
B．How one knows about the job.
C．What one can offer to the company.
12．How does the man feel about the job?
A．Unconfident. B．Nervous. C．Excited.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What is the matter with the man?
A．He has a cold.
B．He has the flu.
C．He has a high fever.
14．How long has the man been sick?
A．Since Saturday. B．Since Friday. C．Since Sunday. 15．What is the man?s first reaction to the woman?s suggestion?
A．He is pleased with it.
B．He refuses it.
C．He doesn?t care about it.
16．How often will the man drink the herbal tea?
A．Twice a day.
B．Three times a day.
C．Four times a day.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is the party for?
A．To meet the teachers.
B．To show the listeners? talents.
C．To communicate with the listeners? families.
18．Who should the listeners turn to if they need to find a bank?
A．The speaker. B．Their family. C．One of the staff. 19．When are the school fees due?
A．By tomorrow night. B．In three days. C．In seven days. 20．What do we know about the school cook?
A．She enjoys preparing her own recipes.
B．She offers a wide choice of food daily.
C．She will cook individual meals if asked.
第二部分阅读理解
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
For years we have been told that encouraging a child?s self-respect is important to his or her success in life．But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect．Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when asked if they want to go in the back seat of the car．The implication（含义）of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class，” or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort，is that you love her only when she looks the best，scores the highest，achieves the most．And this carries over to the classroom．
Social psychologist Carrol Dweck，PhD，tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University．She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”．“Praising attributes（品质）or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality，and it devalues effort，so children are afraid to take on challenges，” says Dweck，now at Stanford University，“They figure they?d better quit while they?re ahead．”
21．The underlined words “Praise-aholic kids” refers to kids who are __________．A．tired of being praised
B．worthy of being praised
C．very proud of being praised
D．extremely fond of being praised
22．The author quoted（引用）Dr．Dweck?s words in the last paragraph in order to make the article __________．
A．better-known B．better-organized
C．more persuasive D．more interesting
23．We can infer from the passage that __________．
A．praise for efforts should be more encouraged
B．praise for results works better than praise for efforts
C．praising a child?s achievements benefits his or her success in life
D．praising a child?s abilities encourages him or her to take o n challenges
B
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines，say UK researchers．
Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping
coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present．
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment．“While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life，and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes．
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine，codeine or placebo，a pill that contains no medicine，during the experiment．Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill．The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin，which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs．
The team found that，when the volunteers were given theobromine，the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group．When they were given codeine they needed only slightly higher levels of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo．The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity（神经活动），which caused coughing．They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments，theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness．
24．According to Professor Barnes，theobromine ______．
A．cannot be as effective as codeine
B．can be harmful to people?s health
C．cannot be separated from chocolate
D．can be a more effective cure for coughs
25．What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?
A．Theobromine．B．Codeine．
C．Capsaicin．D．Placebo．
26．We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____．
A．were patients with bad coughs
B．were divided into the three groups
C．received standard treatments
D．suffered little side effects
27．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Codeine: A New Medicine B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
C
I love charity shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street．The charity shop is a British institution，selling everything from clothes to electric goods，all at very good prices．You can get things you won?t find in the shops any more．The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies，and you are not damaging the planet，but finding a new home for unwanted goods．The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam．The famous charity?s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations．They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal．Now there are over 7，000 charity shops in the UK．My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop，whe re I always find children?s books，all 10 or 20 pence each．
Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers，although there is often a manager who gets paid．Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public．Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops，although they don?t encourage this，rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open．
The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work．Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year，funding（资助）medical research，overseas aid，supporting sick and poor children，homeless and disabled people，and much more．What better place to spend your money? You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense．You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment．
28．The author loves the charity shop mainly because of _______．
A．its convenient location
B．its great variety of goods
C．its spirit of goodwill
D．its nice shopping environment
29．The first charity shop in the UK was set up to ____．
A．sell cheap products B．deal with unwanted things
C．raise money for patients D．help a foreign country
30．Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops?
A．The operating costs are very low．
B．The staff are usually well paid．
C．90% of the donations are second-hand．
D．They are open twenty-four hours a day．
31．Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A．What to Buy at Charity Shops．
B．Charity Shop: Its Origin & Development．
C．Charity Shop: Where You Buy to Donate．
D．The Public?s Concern about Charity Shops．
D
Being able to multitask-doing several things at the same time-is considered a welcome skill by most people．But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen，we should think again．
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study．While working，they also surf on the Internet，send out emails，answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods．In a sense，they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask．
Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members．As young people give so much attention to their own worlds，they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them．They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house，nor can they eat at the family table．
Multitasking also affects young people?s performance at university and in the workplace．When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets（器具）on their performance of tasks，many young people gave a positive response．However，the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive．Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills．They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills．Similarly，employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again，as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work．
32．What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．Want to buy B．Take the place of．
C．Use at the same time D．Seek for information from．
33．In Paragraph 3，the author points out that ．
A．family members do not eat at the family table
B．family members do not greet each other
C．young people live happily in their families
D．young people seldom talk with their family members
34．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Multitasking is harmful to young people?s development．
B．Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets.
C．Multitasking is an important skill to young people．
D．Young people must learn skills for future jobs．
35．The author develops the passage mainly by ．
A．providing typical examples
B．following the natural time order
C．comparing opinions from different fields
D．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects
第二节（共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways．36 Second，your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test．Third，note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest．You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report．37 whenever or however you take notes，keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process．38
The following methods may work best for you．
·Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it．
·Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts．
·Write your notes in your own words．
·39
·Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written．
As you take notes，you may want to use your own shorthand（速记）．When you do，be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time．40
A．Use words，not complete sentences．
B．There are three practical note-taking methods．
C．You must write your notes on separate paper．
D．Otherwise，you may not be able to read your notes later．
E．You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes．
F．That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes．
G．First，the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it．36．37．38．39．40．
第三部分英语知识运用
第一节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
A couple of days ago，my sister Liz and I spoke about Dad，and we decided to get him a little something together for Father's Day．We talked about the times when we were 41up and how Mom and Dad used to play “the good cop，bad cop” things with us．Dad has been a person of few words since we were 42．He raised us more by 43than anything else．
When he spoke，we listened，but he was always mysterious and difficult to understand．There was always a（n）44meaning that I never got，but Liz always 45to read it．By the time I got to high school，I had wanted a whole bunch of skateboard gear（设备）and I 46I was too old to ask money from my parents so I worked at a burger joint．One day，I was really angry about annoying burgers．I came home quite out of breath．Dad saw me and asked me what was the 47．I told him that I was fed up with annoying burgers．He said that we all have to 48somewhere，and that we may not know it now，but the skills we learn even in a burger joint might come in handy later in life．“Who knows，you might end up having to run a 49 or even own one when you grow up，”said Dad．He 50me down and I kept what he said in mind，even though I really didn't agree with it．
A couple of years later，when I got to college，I worked in a restaurant．During one of the really
51 days that we had，we were short on kitchen staff．Our customers were getting impatient and the 52were getting delayed．We were sure any minute something terrible would 53out．I couldn't stand the54any more，so I rolled up my sleeves，got myself a hair net and helped out in the hot kitchen．We caught up with the orders 55．The owner saw what I did and called me around 56time．He said that he was very 57．He raised my salary and made me the assistant
manager even though I could only go part-time．That was58I realized that what my Dad said to me all those years before was absolutely true．
I've never forgotten what my Dad said that day．And whenever I have to do something that requires new skills，no matter how small or59it seems，I have a new perspective（看法）that it might really help me later or even right now and I just don't know it．Experience is everything and it 60 a lot when you take lessons from it．That's my life's philosophy．
41．A．getting B．going C．growing D．coming 42．A．schoolboys B．kids C．adults D．graduates 43．A．instruction B．example C．order D．inspiration 44．A．obvious B．unclear C．reasonable D．hidden 45．A．failed B．refused C．tried D．managed 46．A．imagined B．promised C．figured D．suggested 47．A．experience B．matter C．event D．accident 48．A．work B．study C．stay D．leave 49．A．restaurant B．hospital C．school D．plant 50．A．calmed B．settled C．let D．put 51．A．exciting B．worrying C．busy D．happy 52．A．meetings B．parties C．menus D．orders 53．A．break B．show C．go D．set 54．A．quarrel B．laziness C．relaxation D．tension 55．A．eventually B．regularly C．obviously D．thankfully 56．A．breakfast B．lunch C．opening D．closing 57．A．influenced B．interested C．inspired D．impressed 58．A．when B．which C．whether D．where 59．A．important B．impressive C．interesting D．insignificant 60．A．works B．counts C．shows D．benefits
第II卷（非选择题50分）
第二节（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
语法填空：阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A doctor entered the hospital in a hurry after being called in for urgent surgery．He answered the call，61 （change）his clothes and went directly to the surgery block．He found the boy?s father 62 （pace）in the hall waiting for the doctor．Once seeing him，the dad said 63 （angry），“ Why did you take your time to come? Don?t you have64 sense of responsibility?”
The doctor smiled and said，“I am sorry．I wasn?t in the hospital and I came with the 65 （fast）speed after receiving the call．And now，I wish you?d calm down so that I can do my work．”
“ Calm down？What 66 your son is in this room right now? Will you calm down?”the father yelled．
The doctor smiled again and went into the room．
The surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happily．“Thank goodness! Your son is saved!” And 67 waiting for the father?s reply，he carried on with his way running．“ If you have any questions，ask the nurse!”
Later the nurse told 68 that the doctor，69 son died yesterday in a car accident，was at the funeral when they called him for the surgery．And now he was running to finish his son?s funeral．Never judge anyone because you never know how their life is or 70 they?re going through．61．62．63．64．65．66．67．68．69．70．
第四部分写作
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Mr．Green was inviting to give lectures all over the United States as soon as he becomes
famous．So he got familiar on his driver．One day，his driver asked Mr．Green let him give the lecture instead of Mr．Green．Mr．Green agreed because nobody there had never seen him before．When the driver appeared on the platform，he accepted a warm welcome．The driver performed wonderful．But when the driver was about to leave，the young man asked him a very difficult question．The driver was very clever．He smiled at Mr．Green or said it was such easy that his driver could answer it．第二节书面表达（满分25分）
学校网站新开设了一个“英语写作”栏目（column），以便学生发表（post）英语作文，进行交流，提高写作能力。现请你为该栏目写一个英文介绍，内容包括：
●开设目的
●栏目优势：教师在线（online）指导等
●作文要求：内容贴近学生生活
●优秀作文的鼓励办法
●邀请大家参与
注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头语已为你写好（不计入总词数）；3．请在答题卡上作答。
Welcome to the column “English Writing”!
英语（二）
听力：1---5 CACCA 6---10 ACBAB11---15 CAACB 16---20 CABCC
听力录音稿：
（Text 1）
W：Something must be wrong with the washing machine．It makes strange noises.
M：Don?t worry．Somebody from the repair shop is already on the way here.
（Text 2）
M：I understand there…s a problem with last week?s order.
W：Yes，you sent the wrong items．We ordered the X-200 model，but you sent us X-250s.
M：I?m sorry about that.
（Text 3）
W：I can?t stay late ton ight．I have to be home at six.
M：Are you having company for dinner?
W：No，but I?m expecting a call from overseas.
（Text 4）
W：Don?t forget to write to me，John.
M：I won?t．But let me make sure I have the right address．Is it 42 West Street Birmingham?
W：That?s right．By the way，my office number has changed since I began to work at Birmingham.
M：Has it? And tell me what it is then.
（Text 5）
M：I see a butterfly in this picture.
W：No kidding．Where?
M：Here．This looks like the wings of a butterfly．So，what do you see?
W：I see two human figures arguing with each other．These are human heads and hands.
（Text 6）
W：Look at this．Another red light．I think this is the fifteenth one.
M：And it takes so long for the lights to change．At this pace we?ll never make it on time.
W：Not if I can help it．I think there?s a shortcut here．I remember it from last time．It goes around this park and is much faster.
M：No，wait! I don?t think this is a shortcut．This just leads to a dead end.
（Text 7）
M：I specifically told you to meet me at five．I?ve been waiting for thirty minutes．I hope you have a good excuse this time.
W：I?m really sorry．It wasn?t my fault．The traffic was backed up for several blocks.
M：You knew this was an extremely important meeting．Why didn?t you leave earlier? Traffic is always bad at this time of day.
W：I was going to，but I had a client come into the office at the last minute．I couldn?t just leave.
（Text 8）
W：Hey，how?s your resume going?
M：Good，I think I?m almost finished．Now I have to write a cover letter，but I have no idea where to start.
W：Oh，alright．Well，a cover letter is usually the first thing an employer will read about you，so make sure you spend some time on it.
M：I see．So what should it include?
W：Well，usually a cover letter has three parts in the first paragraph explai nwhy you?re writing and how you found out about the job; in the second paragraph tell them what you can offer，and in the final paragraph thank them for their consideration.
M：Wow．In a short letter that?s a lot to consider．Honestly，I?m not very confident that I?ll get the job.
W：Well，you never know until you try．But don?t let them know that you?re worried.
（Text 9）
W：So，how are things going?
M：Well，to be honest，I was feeling great on Saturday，but I started to feel sick Sunday afternoon．And I?m really worried because I?m scheduled to give a presentation at work on Friday.
W：Well，what seems to be the problem?
M：I thought I had the flu，but the doctor said it was just a bad cold．He gave me some medicine to take care of my stuffy nose．I?m supposed to take the medi cine three times a day after eating，but it doesn?t seem to help.
W：Listen，forget about that medicine! I have just the thing to get rid of bad colds．You see，my mum is really into herbal medicine.
M：Oh，no，thanks.
W：Ah，come on! Give it a try．You just take som e of my mum?s herbal tea and drink it four times a day．Believe me．You?ll be up and dancing around in no time.
M：Dancing around in no time，right? Well，I guess．Nothing else seems to be doing the job.
W：Great．I?ll come by your place at 2:30.
（Text 10）
M：OK，everyone．Just a few things before you go，please．Tomorrow night there will be an introductory party with your teachers．We hope you will all come．There?ll be food and drink，games and music and，if you play a musical instrument，let us know as we need some more musicians! Or，if you would like to join in the entertainment perhaps you sing or dance come along early and help the teachers prepare the program．During the day，your family will show you around the town．They?ll also tell you which bus to catch so you can ge t to school each day and they?ll answer all your questions about where thing are，like the banks，the shops，the post office and so on．But my office staff are always willing to help with difficulties over travel or visas，for example．If you haven?t paid your s chool fee and some of you haven?t--- will you please do so by this time next week? I realize some of you may need to change money and will need time to go to the bank．And finally，food．Very important，as I?m sure you?ll
agree．We do offer a small choice at lunchtime．All your other meals are taken with your family．However，if you have a special request，within reason，and you tell our chef what it is，she will do her best to prepare it for you．You may need to give her the recipe，but she?s an excellent cook and in the past has cooked all kinds of food．Now if you have any problems then please come and see me.
阅读理解
第一节：21---25 DCADC 26---30 BBCDA 31---35 CCDAD
阅读理解A
21．从这个词之后跟的定语从句可知，这个词是指特别喜欢表扬的孩子，故选D．
22．一般来说，作者引用专家的话是为了使文章更加有说服力，故选C．
23．从文章中最后一段第一句可知，应该多表扬孩子付出的努力而不是表扬他的聪明，故A。
阅读理解B
24．根据第三段引号里的句子可知此题选D。
25．根据第四段最后一句可知，研究人员用capsaicin 引起受试者的咳嗽，故选C。
26．细节考查题，从第四段第一句可知，志愿者被分成三组，故选B。
27．主旨大意题。本篇文章属于研究性报告，开篇第一段点出主题，即巧克力可能会治愈咳嗽，故选B。
阅读理解C
28．细节考查题。从第一段最后一句可知，作者喜欢慈善商店主要是因为它的这种善意行为，故选C。
29．细节考查题。从第二段第二句可知，英国第一家慈善商店建立的目的是为了帮助希腊，故选D。
30．推理判断题。从第三段第一二句可以看出，慈善商店的运营成本很低，故选A。
31．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了慈善商店的目的和运营情况。消费者在商店里买东西即相当于捐赠。故选C。
阅读理解D
32．词义推断题。根据第二段第二句可知，很多年轻人在工作的时候，同时上网、发送邮件、听音乐等。所以选C。
33．细节考查题。根据第三段最后一句可知选D。
34．主旨大意题。最后一段第一句是主题句。Multitasking 影响年轻人在大学和工作单位的表现。
故选A。
35．篇章结构题。本篇文章的行文结构是：先呈现一种原因，然后分析它的结果，故选D。
阅读理解第二节：36---40 G E F A D
36．根据后一句可知，这里应该填第一点记笔记的好处，故选G。
37．根据后一句可知，这里应该填你也想形成自己记笔记的做法，故选E。
38．前一句说，记笔记是一个有选择的过程，所以后面应该解释说记笔记时你要确定哪些是重要的东西，故选F。
39．这些小的建议都用祈使句的形式表示，故选A。
40．前一句说做笔记时要用速记符号，故选D。
完形填空：
41---45 CBBDD 46---50 CBAAA 51---55 CDADA 56---60 DDADB 41．答案：C解析：这里作者是在回忆在成长过程中，父亲给他们的教育，因此选择growing。42．答案：B从文章开头“my sister and I”可知选择schoolboys不对，根据语境可知此处选择kids 最妥当。
43．答案：B解析：从上一句“Dad has been a person of few words since．．．”可知，父亲是一个寡言少语的人，他对我们的教育都是通过“身教”，即给我们做榜样。
44．答案：D解析：从上文的“he was always mysterious and difficult to understand”可知父亲讲的话有隐含意义，因此选择hidden。
45．答案：D解析：根据句中的but可知“我”不懂，但是Liz总是能够弄懂他的意思。manage to read it弄懂他讲的话的含义。
46．答案：C解析：作者认为自己已经长大了不好再向父母要钱。figure以为，认为。
47．答案：B解析：父亲看到作者气喘吁吁地回来，询问出了什么事。
48．答案：A解析：由于作者对自己刚刚从事的兼职工作不满意，于是父亲开导作者说每个人都要从某个地方起步，从事某一项工作，可能现在还不知道是什么工作，不过工作中所获得的技能在日后的生活中也可能派上用场。
49．答案：A根据上文的a burger joint（一个汉堡快餐店）可知父亲认为“我”日后也许会经营一家餐馆。
50．答案：A解析：经过父亲的开导，作者气愤的情绪渐渐平静了下来并且记住了父亲的那一番话，尽管他当时并不赞同他的观点。calm sb．down表示让处于某种强烈情绪之中的人平静下来，符合题意。
51．答案：C解析：根据下面的“we were short on kitchen staff”可知那一天餐馆里很忙。
52．答案：D解析：顾客有些不耐烦了，根据下文的“We caught up with the orders”可知选择orders，表示顾客点的菜也在被推迟。
53．答案：A店里的员工都担心糟糕的事情会爆发。break out指不好的事情的突然爆发，符合语境。
54．答案：D解析：作者无法忍受那种紧张的气氛，因此选择tension
55．答案：A解析：经过作者的出手相助，他们终于赶上了客人们的订菜单的速度。eventually 最终，符合题意。regularly定期地；obviously明显地；thankfully感激地。
56．答案：D解析：closing time在英语中是固定短语，意思是“（餐馆或酒馆）晚上打烊的时间”。57．答案：D解析：根据上句可知作者帮厨的事被老板看到了，因此他说作者给他留下了很深的印象，意思是作者做得好，这一点从下一句老板给他加工资可以得到验证。
58．答案：A解析：从文中可知that指代上文提到的帮厨得到加薪的事，这时候作者才意识到父亲的话是完全正确的。
59．答案：D解析：与small词义相近的应该是insignificant，表示无论事情看起来是多么的小或不重要，做好了，学到的技能都可能对今后的生活有所帮助。
60．答案：B解析：根据上文可知学到的经验对今后的生活很重要。count重要。
语法填空：
61．changed 62．pacing 63．angrily 64．a 65．fastest
66．if 67．Without或instead of 68．the boy?s father 69．whose 70．what
短文改错：
Mr．Green was inviting to give lectures all over the United States as soon as he becomes
invited became famous．So he got familiar on his driver．One day，his driver asked Mr．Green ∧let him give the
with或to to
lecture instead of Mr．Green．Mr．Green agreed because nobody there had never seen him before．
ever
When the driver appeared on the platform，he accepted a warm welcome．The driver performed
received
wonderful．But when the driver was about to leave，the young man asked him a very difficult wonderfully a
question．The driver was very clever．He smiled at Mr．Green or said it was such easy that his
and so
driver could answer it．
书面表达：
Welcome to the column “English Writing”! Recently the school website has set up a new column called “English Writing” which provides students with the chances to post their compositions and communicate with each other．Not only can students improve their writing ，but they can strengthen their confidence．
The column has lots of advantages．It is the teacher?s guide online that has an advantage over the other columns．Students can ask for teachers? help directly online．It is required that the composition should be related to the students? life．What?s more，if it is done well ，the writer will be rewarded for it．We sincerely hope that every student will participate in it．
2013年普通高等学校夏季招生全国统一考试数学理工农医类 (全国新课标卷II) 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理1)已知集合M ＝{x |(x －1)2＜4，x ∈R }，N ＝{－1,0,1,2,3}，则M ∩N ＝( )． A ．{0,1,2} B ．{－1,0,1,2} C ．{－1,0,2,3} D ．{0,1,2,3} 2．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理2)设复数z 满足(1－i)z ＝2i ，则z ＝( )． A ．－1＋i B ．－1－I C ．1＋i D ．1－i 3．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理3)等比数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n .已知S 3＝a 2＋10a 1，a 5＝9，则a 1＝( )． A ．13 B ．13- C ．19 D ．1 9- 4．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理4)已知m ，n 为异面直线，m ⊥平面α，n ⊥平面β.直线l 满足l ⊥m ，l ⊥n ，l α，l β，则( )． A ．α∥β且l ∥α B ．α⊥β且l ⊥β C ．α与β相交，且交线垂直于l D ．α与β相交，且交线平行于l 5．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理5)已知(1＋ax )(1＋x )5的展开式中x 2的系数为5，则a ＝( )． A ．－4 B ．－3 C ．－2 D ．－1 6．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理6)执行下面的程序框图，如果输入的N ＝10，那么输出的S ＝( )． A ．1111+23 10+++ B ．1111+2!3! 10!+++ C ．1111+23 11+++ D ．1111+2!3!11!+++ 7．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理7)一个四面体的顶点在空间直角坐标系O －xyz 中的坐标分别是 (1,0,1)，(1,1,0)，(0,1,1)，(0,0,0)，画该四面体三视图中的正视图时，以zOx 平面为投影面，则得到的正视图可以为( )． 8．(2013课标全国Ⅱ，理8)设a ＝log 36，b ＝log 510，c ＝log 714，则( )． A ．c ＞b ＞a B ．b ＞c ＞a C ．a ＞c ＞b D ．a ＞b ＞c
2015普通高等学校招生全国统一考试Ⅱ卷文科数学 第一卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符 合题目要求的。 （1）已知集合A={}{} =<<=<<-B A x x B x x 则,30,21 A.(-1，3) B.(-1，0 ) C.(0，2) D.(2，3) (2)若a 实数，且 =+=++a i i ai 则,312 A.-4 B. -3 C. 3 D. 4 (3)根据下面给出的2004年至2013年我国二氧化碳年排放量（单位：万吨）柱形图，以下 结论中不正确的是 2700 260025002400210020001900 ) A.逐年比较，2008年减少二氧化碳排放量的效果最显著； B.2007年我国治理二氧化碳排放显现成效； C.2006年以来我国二氧化碳排放量呈减少趋势； D.2006年以来我国二氧化碳年排放量与年份正相关。 （4）已知向量=?+-=-=则（2),2,1(),1,0( A. -1 B. 0 C. 1 D. 2 (5)设{}项和， 的前是等差数列n a S n n 若==++5531,3S a a a 则 A. 5 B. 7 C. 9 D. 11 (6)一个正方体被一个平面截去一部分后，剩余部分的三视图如右图，则截去部分体积与剩余部分体积的比值为 A. 81 B.71 C. 6 1 D. 51 (7)已知三点)32()30(),01(，，，，C B A ,则ABC ?外接圆的 圆心到原点的距离为
A. 35 B. 321 C. 3 5 2 D. 34 (8)右边程序框图的算法思路来源于我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中的“更相减损术”。执 行该程序框图，若输入的a,b 分别为14,18，则输出的a 为 A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D.14 (9)已知等比数列{}=-== 24531),1(4,41 a a a a a a n 则满足 C A. 2 B. 1 C. 2 1 D. 81 （10）已知A,B 是球O 的球面上两点，为该球面上动点，C AOB ,90?=∠若三棱锥O-ABC 体积的最大值为36，则球O 的表面积为 A. 36π B. 64π C. 144π D.256π (11)如图，长方形的边AB=2，BC=1,O 是AB 的中点，点P 沿着边BC,CD,与DA 运动，记 的图像大致为则数两点距离之和表示为函到将动点)(),(,,x f x f B A P x BOP =∠ x P O D C B A
2015年高考真题及答案——语文（青海、西藏、甘肃、贵州、内蒙古、新疆、宁夏、吉林、黑龙江、云南、海南、广西）新课标II） 2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、主考正好填写在答题卡上。 2. 作答时，将答案卸载答题卡上。卸载本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷阅读题 甲必考题 一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。 艺术品的接受在过去并不被看作是重要的美学问题，20世纪解释学兴起，一个名为“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生，于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。 过去，通常只是从艺术品的立场出发，将创作看作艺术家审美经验的结晶过程，作品完成就意味着创作完成。而从接受美学的角度来看，这一完成并不说明创作已经终结，它只说明创作的第一阶段告一段落，接下来是读者或观众、听众的再
创作。由于未被阅读的作品的价值包括审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在，只有通过阅读，它才转化为现实的存在，因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义，也就是说，接受者也是艺术创作的主体之一. 艺术文本即作品对于接受者来说具有什么意义呢？接受美学的创始人、德国的伊瑟尔说艺术文本是一个“召唤结构”，因为文本有“空白”“空缺”“否定”三个要素。所谓“空白”是说它有一些东西没有表达出来，作者有意不写或不明写，要接受者用自己的生活经验与想象去补充；所谓“空缺”，是语言结构造成的各个图像间的空白，接受者在阅读文本时要把一个个句子表现的图像片断连接起来，整合成一个有机的图像系统；所谓“否定”指文本对接受者生活的现实具有否定的功能，它能引导接受者对现实进行反思和批判。由此可见，文本的召唤性需要接受者呼应和配合，完成艺术品的第二次创作。正如中国古典美学中的含蓄与简洁，其有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的丰富意象. 接受者作为主体，他对文本的接受不是被动的。海德格尔提出“前理解”，即理解前的心理文化结构，这种结构影响着理解。理解不可能是文本意义的重现，而只能是文本与“前理解”的统一。这样，文本与接受就呈现出一种相互作用的关系：一方面文本在相当程度上规定了接受者理解的范围、方向，让理解朝它的本义靠拢；另一方面，文 =本不可能将接受者完全制约住、规范住，接受者必然会按照自己的方式去理解作品，于是不可避免地就会出现误读或创造，从某种意义上说，理解就是误读，创造也是误读，不要希望所有的接受者都持同样的理解，也不要希望所有的理解都与艺术家的本旨一致.那样并不意味着艺术作品的成功。 文本一经产生就成为历史，它所表达的思想感情、所反映的生活，都只能是过去的，而理解总是现在进行时。当我们接受历史上的艺术作品时，我们当然可以设身处地想象古人的生活，体验古人的思想感情，但我们毕竞是现代人，只能按照我们现在的心理文化结构去理解古人。当然，任何理解都只能是个体的理解，但个体毕竞是与群体相通的，所以个体的理解中也有普遍性。理解作为现实的行为具
2015年高考仿真模拟试卷·新课标卷II（一） 英语 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。 注意事项： 1.答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号框，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。 第一部分听力 略 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 A （2015年广州一模英语试卷）At the start of the 20th century, a new city was beginning to grow on some flat land near the sea in southern California; its name was Los Angeles. At the same time, a new industry was just being born: the cinema. America’s movie industry began life in New York; but by 1910, movie-makers were moving to Los Angeles. In New York, everything was too expensive: workers, land, taxes. Moreover, it was difficult to make movies in winter, because it was too cold. The Los Angeles region, on the other hand, was full of advantages. In California, they could make films all through the year; and everything was cheaper. In particular, there was lots of land for sale, especially in the Los Angeles suburb called Hollywood. Mo vies quickly became very popular, and this popularity exploded after “talkies” first appeared in 1925. Nevertheless, movies were expensive to produce, and film companies needed money-lots of it. For this reason, Hollywood rapidly became controlled by a small number of big companies such
2015年全国高考新课标2卷生物试题及标准答案
2015年全国高考新课标卷II 理综生物 一、选择题 1.将三组生理状态相同的某植物幼根分别培养在含有相同培养液的密闭培养瓶中，一段时间后，测定根吸收某一矿质元素离子的量。培养条件及实验结果见下表： 培养瓶中的气体温度（℃）离子相对吸 收量（%） 空气17 100 氮气17 10 空气 3 28 下列分析正确的是 A.有氧条件有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收 B.该植物幼根对该离子的吸收与温度的变化无 关 C.氮气环境中该植物幼根细胞吸收该离子不消 耗ATP D.与空气相比，氮气环境有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收 2.端粒酶由RNA和蛋白质组成，该酶能结合到端粒上，以自身的RNA为模板合成端DNA的一条链。下列叙述正确的是
A.大肠杆菌拟核DNA中含有端粒 B.端粒酶中的蛋白质为RNA聚合酶 C.正常人细胞的每条染色体两端都含有端粒DNA D.正常体细胞的端粒DNA随细胞分裂次数增加而变长 3.下列过程中,不属于胞吐作用的是 A.浆细胞分泌抗体到细胞外的过程 B.mRNA从细胞核到细胞质的过程 C.分泌蛋白从胰腺的腺泡细胞到胞外的过程 D.突触小泡中的神经递质释放到突触间隙的过程 4.下列有关生态系统的叙述，错误的是 A.生态系统的组成成分中含有非生物成分 B.生态系统相对稳定时无能量输入和散失 C.生态系统维持相对稳定离不开信息传递 D.负反馈调节有利于生态系统保持相对稳定 5.下列与病原体有关的叙述，正确的是 A.抗体可以进入细胞消灭寄生在其中的结核杆菌 B.抗体抵抗病毒的机制与溶菌酶杀灭细菌的机制相同
2016年高考仿真模拟卷·新课标卷II（三） 文科综合（地理） 一、选择题 （2015·河北保定期末8-9）土壤有机质含量一般以有机质占干土重的百分数表示，耕作层土壤有机质含量通常在5%以上。左图为“美国气候类型分布图”，右图为“取自美国两地的土壤样本有机质含量随深度变化情况示意图”，读图回答1~2题。 1．左图中I、Ⅱ两种土壤分别取自右图中的（） A．甲地、乙地 B．乙地、丙地 C．丙地、丁地 D．乙地、甲地 2．形成I、Ⅱ两种土壤表层有机质含量差异的主导因素是（） A．气温 B．降水 C．植被 D．地形 (2015·韶关元月质检5-6)下图是我国某区域水资源来源构成（单位：亿立方米）统计数据，据此完成3~4题。 3．该区域近年来（） A．降水量和径流量增加 B．地下水位不断回升 C．区域内的水资源基本满足经济和社会发展的需求 D．水资源的利用率不断提高
4．该区域最有可能位于我国的（） A．东北地区B．珠江三角洲C．华北平原D．长江中下游平原（2015·浙江绍兴一模4-5）下图是天津市区及郊县1964～2003年期间年平均气温（℃）分布图，读图完成5~6题。 5.影响图中甲等温线走向的主要因素是（） A．纬度位置B．海陆分布 C．地形起伏 D．植被状况 6.图中乙等温线的数值为（） A．122 B．123 C．124 D．125 7.（2015·韶关市元月质检2）韶关某学校同学假期去纽约（40°43′N，74°0′W）旅游，计划当地时间7月28日18点搭乘飞机回国，12小时后到达香港。该同学到达香港机场的时间（北京时间）是（） A．7月27日7点B．7月28日19点 C．7月29日19点D．7月30日7点 (2014学年青浦区高三年级第一学期期末学业质量调研测试15-17)读下图，回答8~9题。
2013年普通高等学校夏季招生全国统一考试数学文史类 (全国卷I 新课标) 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文1)已知集合A ＝{1,2,3,4}，B ＝{x |x ＝n 2 ，n ∈A }，则A ∩B ＝( )． A ．{1,4} B ．{2,3} C ．{9,16} D ．{1,2} 2．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文2) 2 12i 1i +(-)＝( )． A ． 11i 2-- B ．11+i 2- C ．11+i 2 D ．11i 2- 3．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文3)从1,2,3,4中任取2个不同的数，则取出的2个数之差的绝对值为2的概率 是( )． A ．12 B ．13 C ．14 D ．16 4．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文4)已知双曲线C ：2222=1x y a b -(a ＞0，b ＞0) 的离心率为2，则C 的渐近线方程 为( )． A ．y ＝14x ± B ．y ＝13x ± C ．y ＝1 2x ± D ．y ＝±x 5．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文5)已知命题p ：?x ∈R,2x ＜3x ；命题q ：?x ∈R ，x 3 ＝1－x 2 ，则下列命题中为真命题的是( )． A ．p ∧q B ．?p ∧q C ．p ∧?q D ．?p ∧?q 6．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文6)设首项为1，公比为 2 3 的等比数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，则( )． A ．Sn ＝2an －1 B ．Sn ＝3an －2 C ．Sn ＝4－3an D ．Sn ＝3－2an 7．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文7)执行下面的程序框图，如果输入的t ∈[－1,3]，则输出的s 属于( )． A ．[－3,4] B ．[－5,2] C ．[－4,3] D ．[－2,5] 8．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文8)O 为坐标原点，F 为抛物线C ：y 2 ＝的焦点，P 为C 上一点，若|PF | ＝POF 的面积为( )． A ．2 B ． ．．4 9．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文9)函数f (x )＝(1－cos x )sin x 在[－π，π]的图像大致为( )． 10．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，文10)已知锐角△ABC 的内角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c,23cos 2 A ＋cos 2A ＝0，a ＝7，c ＝6，则b ＝( )． A ．10 B ．9 C ．8 D ．5
2015年高考新课标2卷英语试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1. 答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15 B. ￡9.18 C. ￡9.15 答案是C。 1. What time is it now? A. 9:10. B. 9:50. C. 10:00. 2. What does the woman think of the weather? A. It’s nice. B. It’s warm. C. It’s cold. 3. What will the man do? A. Attend a meeting. B. Give a lecture. C. Leave his office. 4. What is the woman’s opinion about the course? A. Too hard. B. Worth taking. C. Very easy. 5. What does the woman want the man do? A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her. C. Turn off the radio. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最 佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. How long did Michael stay in China? A. Five days. B. One week. C. Two weeks. 7. Where did Michael go last year? A. Russia. B. Norway. C. India.
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第I卷（阅读题）和第II卷（表达题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上. 2．作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回. 第 I卷阅读题 甲必考题 一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1?3题. 周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记载不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并作出了特别规定.周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注.据《礼记》记栽，用代对食品交易的规定有：“五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市.”这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录. 汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富.为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定.汉朝《二年律令》规定：“诸食脯肉，脯肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余?……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐脯肉赃，与盗同法.即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚毁，否则将处罚当事人及相关官员.唐朝《唐律》规定：“脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十.若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年；以故致死者，绞.即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。”从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚毁所剩有毒食品，以绝后患，否则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果以科罚。 宋代，饮食市场空前繁荣。孟元老在《东京梦华录》中，追述了北宋都城开封府的城市风貌，并且以大量笔墨写到饮食业的昌盛，书中共提到一百多家店镝以及相关行会. 商品市场的繁荣，不可避免地带来一些问题，一些商贩“以物市于人，敝恶之场，饰为新奇；假伪之物，饰为真实.如绢帛之用胶糊，米麦之增温润，肉食之灌以水，药材之易以他物（《袁氏世范》）有的不法分子甚至采用鸡塞沙，鹅羊吹气、卖盐杂以灰之类伎俩谋取利润，为了加强对食品掺假，以次充好现象的监督和管理，宋代规定从业者必须加入行会，而行会必须对商品质量负责，市肆谓之行者，因官府料索而得此名，不以其物小大，但合充用者，皆置为行，虽医卜亦有职.”（《都城纪胜》商人们依经营类型组成行会，商铺，手工业和其他服务性行业的相关人员必领加入行会组织，并按行业登记在籍，否则就不能从业经营.各个行会对生产经营的商品质量进行把关，行会的首领作为拉保人，负责评定物价和监察不法行为.
2018高考全国卷仿真模拟语文试题(含答案)
2018高考全国卷仿真模拟语文试题 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。 当“中式教育”遇上英国土壤 英国广播公司有关中国老师在英国教学经历的纪录片本周播放了最后一部分，那些接受接受“中式教育”的英国学生最终在各个科目中得到很好的成绩。不过，这期间引发的各种争议值得人们再度思考。 中国老师在英国教学过程中遇到的许多尴尬，实际上是在两个文明和两套社会体系坐标下，不同教育理念、思想、模式等发生碰撞后产生的结果。英式教育，大体可称之为“快乐教育”，其推崇的观念在于：教育的艺术，是唤醒孩童天生好奇心并在未来满足它的艺术；而好奇心本身的鲜活及益处，与内心的满足及快乐成正比。笔者曾到英国的一些中小学采访，还参加过家长会，发现学生们笑意盈盈的时候居多，少见眉头紧锁、满脸严肃。 中国乃至东亚的教育，非常重视和强调扎实的基础知识，讲究学生的“勤学苦练”。最常说的就是，“天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨……”学校都在这一原则指导下施教，因而基础教育水平极高。学生们吸收了丰富的基本知识，掌握了应试技能，这都是英国学生所缺乏的，英国学生的数学等基础学科水平普遍较差，甚至要低于中国一两个年级。在英国，时常听闻有些学生遇到考试神经紧张，甚至还需要考前心理舒压。看来，快乐也是有代价的。 不能否认的是，貌似以“玩乐”为主的英式教育，对培养学生思考能力、创新能力、实践能力以及想象力等大有裨益，这也对学生进入高等教育后进行学习、科研潜力的爆发进行了铺垫。笔者发现，英国中小学更注重艺术、文学等课程的设置，而不认为苦练加减乘除等计算技巧很有需求。支撑这一观念的人认为，在计算机广为普及的今天，已没必要再让人脑来做最基本的运算活动。相反，艺术、文学能够启迪人的心智，激发学生们的潜能，唤醒他们心中的审美等，有利于学生的长远发展，使他们进入大学后，在学习能力与职业竞争力等方面，能够后来居上。打个不恰当的比喻，英国教育就是“放养”模式。他们认为若在“圈养”的框架下，学生们中规中矩，束手束脚，虽然营养丰富，但不得不面对未来“单飞”时能力匮乏的窘境。不过，“放养”也是有规矩的。英国教育对学生综合素质的要求并不低：社会实践，各种集训，访学实习，野外生存等，不一而足。这些活动使得学生们从小就接触实践，实现了与社会的对接。 当然，正像“鞋子合不合脚，自己穿了才知道”，中英教育发端于各自国土，符合本国国情社情。双方教育的着力点和着重点有差异，并不存在教育本身孰优孰劣的问题。如果英国一味照搬中国的教育模式，即便如这次取得了好成绩，但“水土不服”就会引发纪录片中校长那样的抵触情绪；如果把英国教育模式移植到中国，显然也根本行不通。看来，相互借鉴、有机融合，彼此取长补短，逐步填平文化和教育理念的鸿沟，才是应取态度。乐于学习而不“夜郎自大”，不盲目妄议、指摘和贬损对方，才是教育的应有之道。
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国课标I) 理科数学 注意事项： 1．本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至3页，第Ⅱ卷3至5页． 2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置． 3．全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效． 4．考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回． 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．已知集合A＝{x|x2－2x＞0}，B＝{x|－5＜x＜5}，则( )． A．A∩B＝ B．A∪B＝R C．B?A D．A?B 2．若复数z满足(3－4i)z＝|4＋3i|，则z的虚部为( )． A．－4 B． 4 5 - C．4 D． 4 5 3．为了解某地区的中小学生的视力情况，拟从该地区的中小学生中抽取部分学生进行调查，事先已了解到该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，而男女生视力情况差异不大．在下面的抽样方法中，最合理的抽样方法是( )． A．简单随机抽样 B．按性别分层抽样 C．按学段分层抽样 D．系统抽样 4．已知双曲线C： 22 22 =1 x y a b -(a＞0，b＞0)的离心率为 5 2 ，则C的渐近线方程为( )． A．y＝ 1 4 x ± B．y＝ 1 3 x ± C．y＝ 1 2 x ± D．y＝±x 5．执行下面的程序框图，如果输入的t∈[－1,3]，则输出的s属于( )．
A ．[－3,4] B ．[－5,2] C ．[－4,3] D ．[－2,5] 6．如图，有一个水平放置的透明无盖的正方体容器，容器高8 cm ，将一个球放在容器口，再向容器内注水，当球面恰好接触水面时测得水深为6 cm ，如果不计容器的厚度，则球的体积为( )． A ． 500π3cm 3 B ．866π3 cm 3 C ． 1372π3cm 3 D ．2048π3 cm 3 7．设等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，若S m －1＝－2，S m ＝0，S m ＋1＝3，则m ＝( )． A ．3 B ．4 C ．5 D ．6 8．某几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的体积为( )．
2015年高考仿真模拟卷·新课标卷II（一） 文科综合（地理） 一、选择题 （2015·北京东城区期末9-11）我国某大学基于GIS（地理信息系统）的数字评估，完成中国某重要地理分界线（过渡带）分布图的绘制。读“该分界线西段、中段、东段示意图”（图3），回答： 图3 1. 该线最有可能是我国 A. 水田与旱地集中分布区的分界线 B. 人口分界线 C. 季风区与非季风区分界线 D. 外流区与内流区分界线 2. 导致该线西、中、东段南北宽度差异的主要原因是 A. 海陆位置的差异 B. 海拔高低的差异 C. 纬度位置的差异 D. 大气环流的差异 3. GIS在绘制该线时的作用主要是 A. 获取相关地理空间信息 B. 确定地理事物空间位置 C. 空间数据的分析与应用 D. 将相关信息立体化呈现 (2015·北京市朝阳区元月质检·21-22)自20世纪60年代起，甲国设立边境工业区（图7），吸引乙国企业来此建厂，并从乙国进口原料和零部件，加工、组装后再销往乙国。 图8是两国边境m段景观图，图中边境线接近东西向。据此回答4~5题。
4.下列说法正确的是（） A.影响甲国边境工业区建设的主导区位因素是原料 B.乙国企业借助边境工业区的发展开拓了甲国市场 C.在合作中，乙国获得的经济收益较甲国高 D.在合作中，甲国科技研发能力进一步提高 5.两国边境景观图（图8）中，甲国（） A.在左侧，因为地物的背阴面在左侧 B.在左侧，因为左侧的城镇规模较小 C.在右侧，因为右侧汽车普及率更高 D.在右侧，因为右侧城镇建筑更密集 （2015·唐山2月质检3-4）下图显示为1950-2015年（2015年为预测值）我国人口的年龄结构变化，据图回答6~7题。 6.图中信息表明，我国在1980～2015年间（） A.少儿人口上升幅度加大 B.劳动年龄人口下降减缓 C.老年人口增加出现拐点 D.人口平均年龄在增大 7.与我国人口年龄结构的变化趋势相适应的措施为（） A.加大东部人口向西部迁移 B.适度调整人口生育政策 C.缩短现有劳动力工作年限 D.控制农业人口流入城市 （2015·淮南一模32-33）读二十四节气分布图（图甲），回答8~9题。
数学试卷 第1页（共21页） 数学试卷 第2页（共21页） 数学试卷 第3页（共21页） 绝密★启用前 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷1) 理科数学 使用地区：河南、山西、河北 注意事项： 1.本试题分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分,第Ⅰ卷1至3页,第Ⅱ卷3至6页. 2.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置. 3.全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试题上无效. 4.考试结束后,将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回. 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合 题目要求的. 1.已知集合2 0{}|2A x x x =-> ,{|B x x <<=,则 ( ) A .A B =R B .A B =? C .B A ? D .A B ? 2.若复数z 满足(34i)|43i|z -=+,则z 的虚部为 ( ) A .4- B .45 - C .4 D .45 3.为了解某地区的中小学生视力情况,拟从该地区的中小学生中抽取部分学生进行调查,事先已了解到该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异,而男女生视力情况差异不大.在下面的抽样方法中,最合理的抽样方法是 ( ) A .简单随机抽样 B .按性别分层抽样 C .按学段分层抽样 D .系统抽样 4.已知双曲线C ：22 221(0,0)x y a b a b -=>> ,则C 的渐近线方程为 ( ) A .1 4y x =± B .1 3y x =± C .1 2 y x =± D .y x =± 5.执行如图的程序框图,如果输入的[1,3]t ∈-,则输出的s 属于 ( ) A .[3,4]- B .[5,2]- C .[4,3]- D .[2,5]- 6.如图,有一个水平放置的透明无盖的正方体容器,容器 高8cm ,将一个球放在容器口,再向容器内注水,当球 面恰好接触水面时测得水深为6cm ,如果不计容器的 厚度,则球的体积为 ( ) A .3866π cm 3 B . 3500π cm 3 C .31372πcm 3 D .32048πcm 3 7.设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,12m S -=-,0m S =,13m S +=,则m = ( ) A .3 B .4 C .5 D .6 8.某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何的体积为 ( ) A .168π+ B .88π+ C .1616π+ D .816π+ 9.设m 为正整数,2()m x y +展开式的二项式系数的最大值 为a ,21()m x y ++展开式的二项式系数的最大值为b .若137a b =,则m = ( ) A .5 B .6 C .7 D .8 10.已知椭圆 E ：22 221(0)x y a b a b +=>>的右焦点为(3,0)F ,过点F 的直线交E 于A ,B 两点. 若AB 的中点坐标为(1,1)-,则E 的方程为 ( ) A .22 14536 x y += B .2213627x y += C .2212718x y += D .22 1189x y += 11.已知函数22,0, ()ln(1),0.x x x f x x x ?-+=?+>? ≤若|()|f x ax ≥,则a 的取值范围是 ( ) A .(,1]-∞ B .(,0]-∞ C .[2,1]- D .[2,0]- 12.设n n n A B C △的三边长分别为n a ,n b ,n c ,n n n A B C △的面积为n S ,1,2,3, n =.若11b c >,1112b c a +=,1n n a a +=,12n n n c a b ++= ,12 n n n b a c ++=,则 ( ) A .{}n S 为递增数列 B .{}n S 为递减数列 C .21{}n S -为递增数列,2{}n S 为递减数列 D .21{}n S -为递减数列,2{}n S 为递增数列 第Ⅱ卷 本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分.第13题～第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22题～第24题为选考题,考生根据要求作答. 二、填空题：本大题共4小题,每小题5分. 13.已知两个单位向量a ,b 的夹角为60,(1)t t =+-c a b .若0=b c ,则t =________. 14.若数列{}n a 的前n 项和21 33 n n S a = +,则{}n a 的通项公式是n a =________. 15.设当x θ=时,函数()sin 2cos f x x x =-取得最大值,则cos θ=________. 16.设函数22()(1)()f x x x ax b =-++的图象关于直线2x =-对称,则()f x 的最大值为________. 三、解答题：解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤. --------在 --------------------此--------------------卷-------------------- 上-------------------- 答-------------------- 题-------------------- 无-------------------- 效 ---------------- 姓名________________ 准考证号_____________
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标2卷） 数学(文) 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分 1．已知集合{}|12A x x =-<<，{}|03B x x =<<，则A B = A ．()1,3- B ．()1,0- C ．()0,2 D ．()2,3 2．若为a 实数，且 231ai i i +=++，则a = A ．4- B ．3- C ．3 D ．4 3．根据下面给出的2004年至2013年我国二氧化碳年排放量（单位：万吨）柱形图，以下结论中不正确的是 A ．逐年比较，2008年减少二氧化碳排放量的效果最显著 B ．2007年我国治理二氧化碳排放显现成效 C ．2006年以来我国二氧化碳年排放量呈减少趋势 D ．2006年以来我国二氧化碳年排放量与年份正相关 4．已知()0,1a =-，()1,2b =-，则(2)a b a += A ．1- B ．0 C ．1 D ．2 5．设n S 是等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和，若1353a a a ++=，则5S = A ．5 B ．7 C ．9 D ．11 6．一个正方体被一个平面截去一部分后，剩余部分的三视图如右图，则截去部分体积与剩余部分体积的比值为 1. 8A 1.7B 1.6C 1.5 D 7．已知三点(1,0),A B C ,则ABC ?外接圆的圆心 到原点的距离为
5.3A B C 4.3 D 8．右边程序框图的算法思路来源于我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中的“更相减损术”，执行该程序框图，若输入的,a b 分别为14,18,则输出的a 为（ ） .0A .2B .4C .14D 9．已知等比数列{}n a 满足114 a =，()35441a a a =-，则2a = .2A .1B 1.2C 1.8 D 10．已知B A ,是球O 的球面上两点，?=∠90AOB ,C 为该球面上的动点。若三棱锥ABC O -体积的最大值为36，则球O 的表面积为 A 、π36 B 、 π64 C 、π144 D 、 π256 11．如图，长方形的边，，是的中点，点沿着边，与运动，记，将动点到两点距离之和表示为的函数，则的图像大致为 A ． B ． C ． D ． 12．设函数21()ln(1||)1f x x x =+- +，则使得()(21)f x f x >-成立的x 的取值范围是 A ．1,13?? ??? B ．()1,1,3??-∞+∞ ??? C ．11,33??- ??? D ．11,,33????-∞-+∞ ? ????? 二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分 13.已知函数()3 2f x ax x =-的图像过点（-1,4）,则a = ． 14.若x ,y 满足约束条件50210210x y x y x y +-≤??--≥??-+≤? ,则z =2x +y 的最大值为 ． 15.已知双曲线过点(,且渐近线方程为12 y x =± ,则该双曲线的标准方程为 ． 16.已知曲线ln y x x =+在点()1,1 处的切线与曲线()221y ax a x =+++ 相切,则a = ． 三、解答题
绝密★启用前 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅰ卷) 数 学(理科) 一、 选择题共12小题。每小题5分，共60分。在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项 是符合题目要求的一项。 1、已知集合A=｛x |x 2－2x ＞0｝，B=｛x |－5＜x ＜5｝，则 ( ) A 、A∩B=? B 、A ∪B=R C 、B ?A D 、A ?B 【命题意图】本题主要考查一元二次不等式解法、集合运算及集合间关系，是容易题. 【解析】A=(-∞,0)∪(2,+∞), ∴A ∪B=R,故选B. 2、若复数z 满足错误！未找到引用源。 (3－4i)z ＝|4＋3i |，则z 的虚部为 ( ) A 、－4 （B ）－4 5 错误！未找到引用源。 （C ）4 （D ）45 【命题意图】本题主要考查复数的概念、运算及复数模的计算，是容易题. 【解析】由题知z =|43|34i i +- ==3455i +，故z 的虚部为4 5，故选D. 3、为了解某地区的中小学生视力情况，拟从该地区的中小学生中抽取部分学生进行调查，事先已了解到该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，而男女生视力情况差异不大，在下面的抽样方法中，最合理的抽样方法是 ( ) A 、简单随机抽样 B 、按性别分层抽样错误！未找到引用源。 C 、按学段分层抽样 D 、系统抽样 【命题意图】本题主要考查分层抽样方法，是容易题. 【解析】因该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，故最合理的抽样方法是按学段分层抽样，故选C. 4、已知双曲线C ：22 22 1x y a b -=（0,0a b >> ）的离心率为2，则C 的渐近线方程为 A . 14y x =± B .13y x =± C .1 2y x =± D .y x =± 【命题意图】本题主要考查双曲线的几何性质，是简单题.
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科综合能力测试 可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 F 19 Na 23 AI 27 P 31 S 32 CL 35.5 Ca 40 Fe 56 Zn 65 Br 80 第I卷 一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符 合题目要求的 1、将三组生理状态相通的某种植物幼根分别培养在含有相同培养液的密闭培养瓶下，一段时间后， 测定根吸收某一矿质元素离子的量。培养条件及实验结果见下表： 下列分析正确的是 A.有氧条件有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收 B.该植物幼根对该离子的吸收与温度的变化无关 C.氮气环境中该植物幼根细胞吸收该离子不消耗ATP D.与空气相比，氮气环境有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收 2、端粒酶由RNA和蛋白质组成，该酶能结合到端粒子上，以自身的RNA为模板合成端粒子DNA的一 条链。下列叙述正确的是 A．大肠杆菌拟核的DNA中含有端粒 B．端粒酶中的蛋白质为RNA聚合酶 C．正常人细胞的每条染色体两端都含有端粒DNA D．正常体细胞的端粒DNA随细胞分裂次数增加而变长 3.下列过程中不属于胞吐作用的是 A.浆细胞分泌抗体到细胞外的作用 B. mRNA从细胞核到细胞质的过程 C.分泌蛋白从胰腺的腺泡细胞到胞外的过程 D.突触小泡中的神经递质释放到突触间隙的过程 4.下列有关生态系统的叙述，错误 ．．的是 A.生态系统的组成成分中含有非生物成分
B.生态系统相对稳定时无能量输入和散失 C.生态系统持续相对稳定离不开信息传递 D.负反馈调节有利于生态系统保持相对稳定 5.下列与病原体有关的叙述，正确的是 A.抗体可以进入细胞消灭寄生在其中的结核杆菌 B.抗体抵抗病毒的机制与溶菌酶杀灭细菌的机制相同 C. Rous肉瘤病毒不是致瘤因子，与人的细胞癌变无关 D.人感染HIV后的症状与体内该病毒浓度和T细胞数量有关 6.下列关于人类猫叫综合征的叙述，正确的是 A.该病是由于特定的染色体片段缺失造成的 B.该病是由于特定染色体的数目增加造成的 C.该病是由于染色体组数目成倍增加选成的 D.该病是由于染色体中增加某一片段引起的 7.食品千操剂应无毒、无味、无腐蚀性及环境友好。下列说法错误 ．．的是 A.硅胶可用作食品干操剂 B.P 2O 5 不可用作食品干操剂 C.六水氯化钙可用作食品干燥剂 C.加工后具有吸水性的植物纤维可用作食品干燥剂 8.某羧酸酯的分子式为C 18H 26 O 5 ，1mo该酯完全水解可得到1mol羧酸和2mol乙醇,该羧酸的分子式 为 A.C 14H 18 O 5 B.C 14 H 16 O 4 C.C 16H 22 O 5 D.C 16 H 20 O 5 9.原子序数依次增大的元素a、b、c、d，它们的最外层电子数分别为1、6、7、1。a-的电子层结构与氦相同，b和c的次外层有8个电子，c-和d+的电子层结构相同。下列叙述错误 ．．的是 A.元素的非金属性次序为c>b>a B.a和其他3种元素均能形成共价化合物 C.d和其他3种元素均能形成离子化合物 D.元素a、b、c各自最高和最低化合价的代数和分别为0、4、6 10.代表阿伏加德罗常熟的值。下列叙述正确的是 A．丙醇中存在的共价键总数为10