Chapter1
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8770852.html,nguage touches every part of our lives; it gives words to our thoughts, voice to our ideals,
and expression to our feelings. It is a rich and varied human ability-one that we can use without even a thought, that children seem to acquire automatically, and that linguists have found to be complex yet describable.
2.Linguistics is the study of the nature, structure, and variation of language, including
phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
Chapter2
1.Linguistic knowledge as represented I n the speaker’s mind is called a grammar. Linguistic
theory is concerned with revealing the nature of the mental grammar which represents speaker, knowledge of their language.
Grammar as viewed here is different from the usual notion of grammar.
2.Grammar is the ability to use structures accurately, meaningfully, and appropriately.
Chapter 3
1.Phonetics provides the means for describing speech sound; phonology studies the way In
which speech sounds from systems and patterns in human language. The phonology of a language is then the system and pattern of the speech sounds. We see that the word phonology is thus used in two ways, either as the study sound patterns in language or as the sound pattern of a language.
Chapter4
1.Morphology is the study of word-making and word-making. On the one hand, morphology
examines meaning relationships between words and the ways in which these connections are indicated. On the other, morphology looks sat how grammatical relationships between words are marked. Different language focus on different word relationship, and they make use of different patterns of making.
2.The study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed, is
called morphology.
Chapter 5
1.Syntax is the subfield of linguistics that studies the internal structure of sentences and the
relationship among their component part.
Chapter 6
More interest is the fact that languages differ in inflectional systems: case systems, for example. We find that these are fairly rich in Lain, even more so in Sanskrit or Finnish, but minimal in English and invisible in Chinese.
Chinese and English, for example, may have the same case system as Latin, but the phonetic realization is different. Furthermore, it seems that much of the variety of language can be reduced to properties of inflectional system.
Chapter7
1.Normally human beings do not produce utterances for the sake of the phonetic,
phonological and grammatical features. Utterances are produced because they convey meaning.
2.Semantics as a subfield of linguistics is the study of meaning in language. Semantics deals
with the meaning words, and how the meanings of sentences are derived from them.
Chapter8
Functional grammar is an approach to linguistics which is concerned with language as an instrument of social interaction rather than as a system that is viewed in isolation. It considers the individual as a social being and investigates the way in which he acquires language and uses it in order to communicate with others in his social environment.
Chapter 9
Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics which studies how utterances communicate meaning in context.
Chpter10
Psycholinguistics is the study of the interrelationship of language and the mind which encompasses the acquisition of language.
Neurolinguistics is the study of the brain and how it functions in the production, perception, and acquisition of language.
I．译文（已批改）：语言贯穿我们的全部的生活, 予我们的思维以言辞, 予我们理念以话音, 予我们的感受以表述。它是一种人类所拥有的丰富而多样的能力–想用就用，无须思索，天下儿童，自能习得。语言学家知其固然复杂，却可描述。
语言学是研究语言的本质、结构和变化的科学, 分为语音学,音位学,形态学,句法学,语义学和语用学.
II．1)Plato 2)Aristotle 3)Xunzi 4) Chomsky 5) Saussure
III．A Summary of Language and Human Beings (未经批改)
Language had the systematic internal structure of a sentence and the relationship between sounds meaning and the complex actual hierarchy. In order to understand a single sentence, a newborn human baby needs to break the string of sounds which he hears into syntactic constituents and associate a sound combination with a definite meaning.
There are three stages during which he perceives the existence of language around him spontaneously.
a. producing single—word sentence (12—18 months)
b. forming elementary phrases and two—word sentences
c. making adult—like sentences (by the age of two and a half)
In a word, as to human being, the knowledge of language just grow naturally from the mind during a certain period in childhood and not need to be deliberately taught.
IV．(未经批改)
1．Human language.
Human beings have an inborn knowledge of language which must be universally correct and acceptable. The location of such innate knowledge is in our genes. There is a biological, physical entity inside our brain which decides what we speak. This entity is UG –universal grammar. According to UG theory, every speaker is endowed with a set of principles. Animals don’t have an area in their brain that controls language. Nor do they have genes that carry the knowledge of language.
2 It is hard to say. Nothing is impossible. The first prerequisite that they should have is a biological organ, like genes or certain areas of the brain that can develop into language skills or control the language we use. The second is that they should have UG, which helps them both to produce and understand meaningful utterance and so forth.
3 Communication is one of the most basic functions of human language. However, communication is not the only use. We use language sometimes to express ourselves and
sometimes to record something. In this kind of situation, language is not necessarily for communication. We not necessarily present our diary or writings that record our personal emotions. Other than that, we think with language. That is not communication either.
4 Linguistics can play a very important role in the information age. For example, in the development of artificial intelligence, linguistics is the basis. The achievements in Generative Grammar gained by Noam Chomsky have been used in computer programming, US Navy intelligence technologies and so forth. Computer translation, particularly, is based on linguistic knowledge. Therefore, in the information age, linguistics can play a role that is as important as what physics and chemistry played in the industrial revolution.
5 Canada Austria India
V．1) A one-year-old child, to a certain extent, can understand many words people talk around him. But he still can not manage to express himself with vocal language. By this time, except for articulating some simple words, such as "dad", "mom". He would resort to crying if he wants something badly.
The child, reaching the age of 14 months, is trying to "talk", "babble" to be more exact. He would keep producing meaningless sounds; especially he likes to reduplicate single-syllable sounds, e.g. Ah-ah, Oh-oh.
At the 16th month, despite the parents tried all the possible means to teach the child correct pronunciation, the child would refer to his own system when he is trying to say something. For example, the parents keep teaching the child to say “pi qiu” but the child can only catch the last syllable “qiu”, then, more interesting he prefers to say “qiu-qiu” instead of “qiu”.
After about 2 months, he could successfully arti culate “ pa” and “ma” if he is required to do it., which give the parents lots of happiness. But another problem pops up. The child extends the meaning of “pa” or “ma” to everything. E.g. when the child wants to get a toy car, he would point to the car, sa ying” pa, pa, pa…”. this stage is trying to develop his own lexicon. He often overextends a word’s meaning.
Another thing that worth mentioning is that, the child has learned some body gestures to express his own idea. For example, when he is happy, he will clap his hands, swaying the arms to demonstrate a flying bird, stretching out one finger to denote “I am one year old”.
2) Does language need a norm? (未经批改)
With the help of a common language, people can try to get rid of the demanding God by building the tower of Babel. Nowadays, English, as a most popular and international language seemingly has a trend of becoming another language norm of mankind. But to my point of view, people would rather preserve their own unique through the unique language.
The derivation of language forms a colorful and shining language net which is a rich culture resource for all human beings. With hundreds of thousands of y ears’ development, each individual language is deeply rooted in a specific culture; some languages have been extinct without being recorded, which cause a great loss in our culture. Instead of choosing a language norm, people try to keep the present situation of language derivation.
Also different groups of people are blocked off due to the geographical reasons, those people develop a new kind of language that can fully satisfies they need. According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, the derivation of language is the result of the social development.
To sum up, with the development, there are different languages which are strongly imprinted
with different culture characteristics. To find a language norm is a unrealistic and impractical way.
翻译(已批阅)：费迪南·德·索绪尔是20世纪之交伟大的瑞士语言学家。从1881到1891他在巴黎的法国高等学院任教。随后在日内瓦大学任印欧语言学和梵语教授（1901-1913）。1907到1913任生成语言学教授。作为一名教师，他影响巨大，但因为他不断研究以求精益求精，所以他的思想观点在他生前并未发表。他死后三年，他的两名学生巴利和薛施埃把在他课上摘录的笔记编汇成书出版，题目为《生成语言学课程》。该书一出版就成为了当时最具影响力的语言学著作。
索绪尔建立了语言结构研究的体系，强调语言符号与其所表示的意义之间的随意关系。他还主张语言应该被认为是一种社会现象，一种可以从历时和共时两方面来认识的结构体系，并且坚持认为，这两种研究方法显著不同，在方法论上相互排斥。他还起用了两个现已获得广泛运用的术语——“parole”，即每个人所说的言话，和“langue”，即存在于特定社会特定时期的系统化结构化的语言。索绪尔提倡赋予“语言”更多的重要性而不是“言语”，并且建议当时的语言学家多搞共识研究, 而非历史研究。他在理论上和方法论上的创新思维得到广泛的认同。人们称他为现代语言学之父。
Key to the multiple-choice and judgment exercises
Chapter 1
II. 1) Plato 2) Aristotle 3) Xun Zi 4) (Noam) Chomsky
5) (Ferdinand de) Saussure
Chapter 2
II. 1) Plato 2) Herder 3) Galileo 4) William Johns
5) the Linguistic Society of Paris
III. 1) syntax 2) pragmatics 3)morphology 4) phonetics
5) phonology 6) semantics 7) semantics
IV. 1) psycholinguistics 2) historical linguistics
3) sociolinguistics 4) psycholinguistics
5) sociolinguistics 6) applied linguistics (in the broad sense)
7) applied linguistics 8) psycholinguistics
Chapter 3
II. Order of the speech organs on the left corresponding to their proper definitions on the right: soft palate; alveolar ridge; pharynx; hard palate; vocal cords; trachea; larynx
III. 1) b 2) t 3) ?4) m 5) f 6)l 7) d?8) j 9) ?10) s
IV. (The correct feature is given after the arrow)
1) b) front → central
2) a) semi-open → open
3) c) low → high
4) c) high → mid
5) d) rounded → unrounded
V. 1) incorrect. inside the chest → inside the head
2) correct.
3) incorrect. auditory phonetics → acoustic phonetics
4) correct.
5) incorrect. A syllable cannot contain more than one vowels. Even if a diphthong or thiphthong is contained, it is still a single vowel, pronounced within one chest pulse.
6) incorrect. The location of the words “Chinese” and “English” in the statements should be exchanged.
7) correct
8) correct
Chapter 4
II. 1) morphemes 2) Bound 3) Compounds 4) idiomatic
5) agglutinating
III. 1) The older gentleman voted wisely .
a a c a a a c a b
2) The children skipped rope and played games joyfully
a a c a c a a a c a c a
b b
3) 他们赛跑拿了第一。
a c a a a c
b a
Chapter 5
II. 1) head, complement
2) projection, maximal, intermediate, minimal
3) lexical, functional
4) specifier, sisters
5) inflectional phrase, inflectional morphemes, infinitival particle
6) complementizer phrase, wh-questions
Chapter 6
II. 1) propositions; arguments; adjunct 2) internal; external:
3) none or one; none, one or more 4) theta/thematic; argument III. 1) rain ( 0 ) 2) old (table)
3) sleep (baby) 4) like (John, teacher)
IV. 1) agent 2) experiencer
3) instrument, theme/patient 4) agent, theme, benefactive 5) agent, theme, instrument 6) theme
Chapter 7
II. 1) synonyms 2) antonyms 3) polysemy
4) homophones 5) denotative; denotative 6) Connotative; Connotative
7) entailment
III. 1) paraphrase 2) entailment 3) contradiction
4) presupposition
V. 4) a. The window is material.
b. The window is abstract.
c. The window can either be material or abstract.
Chapter 8
II. 1) given; new; Theme, Rheme 2) Theme; Rheme 3) unmarked; markd 4) topical; interpersonal; textual 5) topic; comment
III. (keys are boldfaced)
1)
2)
3)
4）
5)
6)
7)
8)
IV. 主位分析：
1) 哎呀(textual Theme)，孙悟空(interpersonal Theme)，月光宝石(topical Theme)怎么能乱扔呢(Rheme)？
2) 好大一会儿(Theme)，这伙人谁也没说话(Rheme)。
3) And (textual Theme) no doubt (interpersonal Theme) he(topical Theme)’ll deny everything (Rheme).
4) Well (textual Theme), perha ps (interpersonal Theme) he (topical Theme)simply isn’t interested in the same kind of things (Rheme).
5) The first three letters(topical Theme), of course(interpersonal Theme), were his mother’s initials (Rheme).
6) Oh (textual Theme), Alice(interpersonal Theme), you (topical Theme) are all right, aren’t you (Rheme)?
Chapter 9
II. 1) Locutionary 2) Searle 3) promise 4) cooperative
5) manner; implicature
III. 1) By saying Where are my glasses? A requests B to help look for his glasses;
By saying I am too busy A declines to help.
2) I’ve hidden it because you are on diet.
3) Steve is messy.
4) two interpretations:
a) No, I don’t, because I hate pink. b) Yes, I do, because I like pink.
5) The restaurant serves guests by serving food to them.
Chapter 10
II. 1) Reconstitution 2) Wernicke's area 3) parameters 4) Displacement 5) Broca's area 6) Pinker 7) billion
III.
1) bed had toil
2) t, m, n, p, l may appear in spoken Chinese (putonghua)
m and p may not appear in the same position within the syllable as in come and jeep.
3) a. b. d. e. may possbly made by a non-native speaker of Chinese.
Chapter 11
II. 1) Spelling bees 2) diglossia 3）sociolect 4) positive; negative
5) Bolinger
Chapter 12
II. 1) UG 2) Von Humbolt 3) structural dependency 4) babbling
5) bootstrapping 6) triggering; choosing
Chapter 13
II. 1) negative 2) affective 3) interlingual; intralingual 4) interlanguage 5) fossilization
Chapter 14
II. 1) diversities 2) tendencies 3) implicational 4) unmarked
5) relativity
III.
1) 参考译文：
In front of my house are quite a few stalls, whose owners, like tradesmen elsewhere, all know the saying “Locations make a difference in prosperity”. That is to say, even if your stall stands side by side with someone else’s, your neighbor may enjoy a constant stream of shoppers, but yours may be patronized by few.
2）参考译文：
纽约的粗犷、紧张，那种急迫感和催人奋发的竞争性；它的是非观念之严酷无情；纽约市的那种各色人等熙熙攘攘，兼容并蓄于各自的天地之中的格局；这一切都使那些非纽约人感到厌恶和窒息；而这一切，又正是纽约人所眷念的。
（原文WH-词导致外位成分后移，译文恢复外位结构）
Chapter 15
II. 1) mediate 2) micro 3) Pidgin 4) communicate 5) competence
试谈英语词汇的源流及现状
在跨入新世纪之际，一种以现代信息技术为显著特征的崭新经济形态——知识经济，正以强劲势头风行世界，成为当今时代的特色。知识经济的基础是知识的传播和应用大多是靠英语这个工具通过书刊、网络和多媒体电脑等高新技术在全世界大行其道的。从某种意义上讲信息化几乎等同于英语化，因此，为了更好地掌握这种语言工具，了解一下英语的历史似有必要的，而了解这一语言的历史首先要从分析它的词汇开始。
一、英语词汇的源流
作为世界语言中最具影响的英语，自身在不断的发展变化，其中最明显的变化表现在词汇方面。可以说，词汇和词汇能力已成了当今语言理论乃至应用研究的一个主要方面。越来越多的学者，开始把词汇问题看作是语言的核心问题。在应用语言领域中，有研究者发现词汇问题是制约外语学习的瓶劲问题。（一）、英语词汇来自不同语种的外来词汇
英语词汇是由来自不同语种的外来词汇混合而成的，这种情形缘于历史上外来民族的不断入侵。
1、英语词汇来自拉丁语
约公元前7世纪时，欧洲的凯尔特人迁移到不列颠岛定居，他们的语言属印欧语系。从公元前1世纪到公元4世纪，罗马军团入侵该岛。因罗马人数量不多，虽作为占领者，但他们的拉丁文并未能广泛影响到凯尔特人的生活与文化，仅留下一些拉丁文地名。但公元6世纪时，罗马传教士奥古斯丁（Augustine）到不列颠岛传布基督教，后成为坎特伯雷首任大主教，这时拉丁词语伴随着宗教文化大量进入英语。例如，我们现在还使用的活词：关于道路的修筑的有拉丁s trata，英street关于房屋的有拉丁calx,英chalk,白垩；拉丁tegula，英ti le，瓦；关于水果名称的有拉丁cerasea,英cherries；拉丁prunum,英plum;
拉丁castanea英chest-nut，栗子；有关于蔬菜名称的如拉丁pisum,英peas;还有厨房一词：拉丁coquina,英kitche，以及关于厨房用具的词：拉丁discu s,英dish；拉丁cuppa,英cup;拉丁molina,英mill，碾碎器，等等。
2、英语词汇来自法语
“法国是欧洲大国，产生过灿烂的封建文化，故对英语影响很大。”[1]进入英语的法语不仅数量多，而且涉及面广，成为英语中最主要的外来语。中古英语时期，约有一万多个法语词汇进入英语，其中70%沿用至今。除了一般的日常用语，如beast,country,cup,fruit,lamp,letter,oil,
rose,table,war,service,prison,castle,market之外，还可以遇到一些宗教用语abbot,clerk,hermit,pilgrim,prior,miracle,religion,sermon，一些文化方面的词语justice,peace,rich,poor，还有一些关于文明生活及服装的词，如fashion,dress,habit,button,fur,robe,collar,chemise等等。
诺曼人征服英国后，法语成了当时英国上层社会的语言。但是，“外来语和土著英语难免发生碰撞，最终的结果是入侵者使用的法语并未将英语同化，相反，作为占领者的诺曼人后来都逐渐放弃了贵族化的法语，改操英语，同时也将大量法语词汇和语言融入了英语，在英语的语汇构成方面留下了雪泥鸿爪。”[2]如英国农民传统养牛，称牛为cattle,法国人坐享其成，吃牛肉，称之为beef；英国人称猪为pig，而法国人把猪肉叫pork，故现在英语中关于“猪”，“牛”的两种名称并存。
由于上述特定的历史因素，英语中来自法语的词俯拾皆是，诸如copy(拷贝)、c ologne spirit（科隆香水）、cent(分币)、modern（摩登）、disco（迪斯科）、model（模特）、mushroom（蘑菇）等等，无法尽述。有人估计约占英语原有语汇的一半以上。
3、英语词汇来自其他外语
英语从各语种广泛地吸收外来词以丰富自身，这从某些典型例句中可明显看出，例如“The skipper took a cargo of tea, molasses, carry, oranges, and cinnamon from the toboggan and placed it on the matters in the bambo o kiosk.”, 此句中含有从10多种其他语言中借来的词语。”[3]英语由于广泛采纳外来词汇，不断丰富自身，这是它不断扩大影响且成为世界语言的一个重要因素。
（二）、英语词汇的变更
随着时代的更新，社会的不断进步与发展，英语中的许多词汇也随之有所变化。这些词，或者是关于宇宙的，如wourld—world,sune—sun,
mona—moon,heofon—heaven,steorra—star;或者是关于人体的，如heafod --head,fot—foot,eage—eye,nosu—nose;或者是关于亲属的，如moder—mother,sunu—son,dohtor—daughter;或者是关于房屋的，如hus—house, flor—floor,duru—door,hrof—roof;或者是关于基本动作的如libban—
live,etan—eat,drincan—drink,cuman—come,slepan—sleep,还有一些形容词，如eald –-old,lang—long,brad—broad,geong—young等等，这类的词是数以百计的。作为拼音文字的英语，语音若发生变化，词语的拼写也必得随之变化，所以尽管英文才1000多年历史，但古英语对现代人来讲已成“天书”，即使莎士比亚当年的作品，现代英国人看来也犹如外文，须借助专门工具书才能读懂。”[4]可见，随着社会的不断发展进步，英语的词汇也将不断更新，不断增长，也许几十个世纪后，我们现在的英语在他们后人看来却成了古英，这是很有可能成为现实的。
二、英语词汇的现状分析
1、技术词汇的建立
工业、科学、商业和国际和国际关系的发展导致专门术语词汇的建立，这类词汇开始是由专业技术人员使用的，后来就逐渐进入一般通用语了。譬如，铁路方面的术语有rail,tunnel,tender,bogie;有关外贸函电方面的用语，如eclos ure(附件)、cable(电报)、quotation（报价）、negotiation(谈判、磋商)、T /T(电汇)、M/T（信汇）、D/D(票汇)等；还有一些商业、贸易方面的术语，如F OB,CIF,Draft,Drawee(受票人)、Commercial Draft(商业汇票)、Clean Bill（光票）、Documentary Bill（跟单汇票）、Acceptance(承兑),Endorsement(背书)等等。我国商业及对外贸易关系在不断扩展，尤其是在加入WTO组织后这一点会更为明显，因此，这类术语在当今社会中会越来越广泛地被使用。作为英语专业的我们，为了使自己以后在社会中得到更好的发展，掌握这些词是有必要的。
2、英语词汇的词义变化
英语自身在不断发展变化，其变化在语汇方面表现得尤其明显。Love在莎士比亚时代仅是“亲密”或“友谊”的代名词，是文人表钦佩时广泛使用的字眼，如今却有“爱”、“爱好”、“爱人”以及（招呼语）“嗨”
等义。“那时，英语正处于一种纷乱的变化这中，意大利文艺复兴的风暴正横扫不列颠，这给莎士比亚提供了遣词、创新及运用修辞的一个难得的自由空间，许多异彩纷呈的词语就从这位奇才的笔尖下源源不断地流淌出来。”[5]如300多年前英语里“秋天”一词是fall,而现代英语里变为autumn，fall的意思变成了“降落”，其复数形式又为“瀑布”
词义有了明显的转移。Earth原义为“土地”，哥白尼的“日心说”确立之后，earth又增加了“地球”一义；cool一词约半个世纪前在美国出现并流行至今，这个词本义是“凉爽”、“处事冷静、镇定”，后转义形容人“较有个性”、“与众不同”、“漂亮、棒”等。诸如此类的例子不胜枚举，在我们的日常生活英语中就有许多这样的句子。通常一个单词都有好几个词义，在不同的句子中它所表达的意思就不同，而在不同的运用范围内它们所表达的意思也会不同，因此，随着科学技术的不断进步及社会发展的需要，英语词汇的词义也会在某一范围内有所扩大。
3、词汇量大、有简化倾向
英语在词汇方面有“来者不拒”的倾向，因此英语的新词不断的增长，词汇量也随之扩大。随着科技的飞速发展，英语中涌现出的新词语如雨后春笋，诸如a
ir conditioner,electronic,laser,computer等等。据统计，现代英语每年出现新词数以千计。“Johnson博士编辑A Dictionary of the English Languag e时收录约40，000个词条；20世纪30年代的一项调查显示，当时英语词汇一共有374，720个；”[6]而目前英语词汇总量估计已经突破百万。从殖民时代开始在量的外来词汇就不断涌入英语中，当今全球科技的进步又成为了英语词汇增长的新源泉。现代英语中80%的词汇属于外来词。
虽然拥有巨大的语汇量，英语在一些篇幅之中却体现出简化的倾向。“伊丽莎白时代的文句，长度平均是四十五字，维多利亚时代平均是二十几字，到现在便只有十几、二十字了。”[7]这与现代社会的快节奏高效率是相适应的。此外，随着科技进步，新词大量涌现，其中很多是以缩略、混成、复合简单的方式构成的；而网络技术的发展也使得诸如R/r代替are,U/u代替you,M/m代替am或以C/c代替see等快捷的键盘交流方式成为了现实，就如同我们有“886”代替“拜拜罗”这种以数字代替汉语文字的快捷键盘交流方式一样普遍被使用，这些简化词在OICQ聊天网中是最为常见的。
三、结论
由于多种因素的作用，现代英语已成为一种国际性语言，正为越来越多的人所接受。据联合国统计，其日常文件有80%是用英语来撰写的。全球1/5的人能用英语进行不同程度的交流；2/3的科学家用英语阅读；
3/4的邮件用英语书写；4/5的电子信息用英语存储。它是大多数人类活动的主要语言。目前全世界使用英语的人数已达16亿之多，其中近1/4的人把它作为
第一语言。国际上70%的传播媒体使用的是英语，Internet内容绝大部分也是用英语存储的。英语从各种语言在量吸收外来词，现在它已成为词汇最为丰富的语言之一。有资料显示，英语词汇已达40万之多。
当前的趋势是最新的科技发展与英语关系越来越密切。据报道，到21世纪Int ernet将进入千家万户，英语将成为世界通用语。源于多媒体电脑和国际互联网的广泛使用，不断造出以英语为基础的有关于网络方面的新词语，如lol、soh o等，“不过有的语言学家认为，网络上出现的新词汇不太可能成为一种新语言，因为它们太容易变化，很可能昙花一现。”[8]此外，社会科学技术的不断更新发展，商业界以及对外贸易关系的进一步扩展，医学技术的不断进步，也有可能导致英语词汇的不断更新且创造出更多的技术术语。
1.Which one of the following five is least like the other four? Cat - Lion - Dog - Turtle - Elephant 2．If you rearrange the letters UGNAIA, you would have the name of a: River - Country - City - Animal - Plant 3.What would be the next group of letters in this series? aaaa ... bdzb ... cgac ... djzd ... ???? enae - ekze - elxe - emae - eize - I don't know 4.What would be the next picture in this series? Choose one of the following five: 5. DIDIIDID is to 49499494 as DIIDIIDD is to: A）94494499 B）49949944 C）49499494 D）94944949 E） 49944949
6．What would be the next picture in this series? Choose one of the following five: 7.If you count from 1 to 100, how many 7's will you pass on the way? a) 10 b) 11 c) 19 d) 20 e) 21 8.What would be the next picture in this series? Choose one of the following five: 9.Igor was both the 15th highest and the 15th lowest in a tennis tournament. How many people were in the tournament? 28 - 29 - 30 - 31 - 32
英语知识竞赛题 竞赛说明和注意事项： 1、请全体同学认真听题，同时保持安静。 2、请答题的同学在主持人发出“开始抢答”指令以后再起立抢答。 3、参赛者有2次求助班级其他成员的权利。每次由答题者自己权衡选择求助对象。 4、记分员应及时的在计分板上记录好各组得分并公示出来，请同学们监督。 5、除了最终优胜者，我们还将在其他参赛组中选出2名表现优秀奖。 6、需要补充或者阐释的知识，请所有同学积极踊跃分享，有小奖品给大家喔。 7、请同学们在竞赛过程中适时做好记录，以继续补充你们的资料卡。 8、竞赛题分为两大板块: 50道单选题，10道填空题。每题一分，共计60分。 第一板块——单项选择题（从下列选项中选出一个最佳答案） 1.北京奥运会上和刘欢合唱“我和你”的歌手是 A席琳迪翁B卡朋特 C惠特尼休斯顿 D.莎拉布莱曼 2.英国的国歌是- ----- A. 天佑女王 B.星光灿烂的旗帜 3.美国国旗上有多少颗五角星----- A.50颗 B.49颗 C.51颗 4.下列各选项搭配不正确的是----- A.英国——大本钟 B.美国——白宫 C.英国——白金汉宫 D.英国——埃菲尔铁塔 5.英国最强盛的时代是----- A伊丽莎白一世 B.玛丽亚一世 C．维多利亚时代 D.伊丽莎白二世 6. 1620年，英国清教徒乘坐什么帆船到美国寻找自由和信仰 A.五月花号 B.和平号 C.希望号 D.自由花号 7.下列作品与作家搭配不正确的是—— A.哈代——《雾都孤儿》 B.简奥斯汀——《傲慢与偏见》 C．艾米丽勃朗特——《呼啸山庄》D.斯威夫特——《格列夫游记》 8.下列国家与称号搭配不正确的是—— A.美国——山姆大叔（Uncle Sam） B.巴西——桑巴和足球王国 C．英国——英伦雄狮 D.俄罗斯——白金之国
英语智力题及答案智力开发多篇合集 英语智力题及答案智力开发多篇合集由***投稿推荐，但愿对你的学习工作能带来参考借鉴作用。 在平时的生活中多做一些智力题,会帮助自己提高自己的智商，做英文的智力题还能顺便提高自己的英语水平，下面就是我给大家带来的英语智力题及答案，希望能帮助到大家! 英语智力题及答案 1.which one of the following five is least like the other four? a,cat –b.lion –c.dog – d.turtle – e.eleph 这道题很简单，cat (猫)、lion(狮子)、dog(狗)和elephant(大象)都是哺乳动物mammal，而turtle，乌龟是在海滩上下了乌龟蛋，然后埋好再孵化的，因此是卵生动物。所以应该选d，乌龟! 2.if you rearrange the letters ugnaia, you would have the name of a: river - country - city - animal - plant guiana，南美洲北部一地区，分属英、荷、法三国。英属圭亚那于1966独立成为圭亚那。所以，这道题的答案应该是b 国家country. 3.what would be the next group of letters in this series? aaaa ...bdzb ...cgac ...djzd ...????
enae - ekze - elxe - emae - eize - i don't know 这一组数字，看起来很奇怪，到哪里找规律呢?这可要测你的智能了。先看每组的第一个字母，abcd，简单，是按字母顺序嘛!那么下一组的第一个单词一定是e;再看第二个字母：adgj，有规律吗?没错，abcdefghij，规律就是，每个字母间相隔两个字母，所以依此类推，下一组单词的第二个字母应该是kln，当然，应该选备选答案中的a 4.what would be the next picture in this series? choose one of thefollowing five: 找这个图的规律，要有合适的方法，我们先盯住图中的一个方块来看：比如说就看其中的绿色方块，它好象是在一个格子一个格子的往下移动，在看看红色的方块，是在一个格子一个格子地往上走，所以整个图其实是在做逆时针的转动，每次转动一个格子。因此，下一幅图应该是d。 5.didiidid is to 49499494 as diidiidd is to: a) 94494499 b) 49949944 c) 49499494 d) 94944949 e)49944949 这道题是在测试你的速度和反应能力的，其实，我们只要把字母和数字对照一下，很快就能找到：d代表4，而i代表9，所以diidiidd就是数字49949944，选择(b)。 6.what would be the next picture in this series? choose one of thefollowing five: 这个题应该选择e。黑色的小方块先是在大方框的四角上做顺时针旋转，而后在四边中间上做顺时针旋转，下一幅图，就应该是黑块在下边框中点
（C) 1. Which letter comes next? A C F J . A .H B .M C .O D.Q (C) 2. From what number can you take half and leave nothing? A. 1 B. 9 C.8 D. 5 (B) 3. What dog never barks? A． big dog B. hot dog C. small dog D. red dog (C) 4. Mr. White has two sons, and each of them has a sister. How many children does he have? A. one B. two C. three D. four (B) 5. What three letters make a man of a boy? A. old B. age C. boy D. mum (A) 6. In what mouth do woman talk the least A. February B. September C. January D. June 7. I meet three men on a bus. A speaks English. C only talks whit B. b can speak Chinese and English. What dose C speak? (Chinese) (C) 8. The words he gives on the computer is above my head. A 一目了然 B 终于醒悟 C 无法理解 D 头脑发昏 (A) 9. I don't like going after the dog. A 在人背后 B 无事生非 C滔滔不绝 D 当着她面 (C) 10. He is going after the dog. A. 拦截 B. 玩 C. 追逐 D. 戏弄 (D) 11. You can play with Bill. He is not in the same class. A.他与你不是同班 B他是个生手 C他棒极了 D他不是你的对手 (C) 12. He’ll succeed because he’s always at his books. A学识渊博 B博览群书 C刻苦学习 D意志坚强 (B) 13. He is the out fish of water. A离开水的鱼 B不和群 C需要水的鱼 D水中鱼 (B) 14. The little boy runs and runs until he blue in the face. A浑身发热 B筋疲力尽 C鼻青脸肿 D精神焕发 (A) 15. Ten to ten the train will be late. A很可能 B十分之一 C十二点五十 D十比一 (b) 16. I don’t like Mr. Chan. He is an old woman. A老太婆 B喜欢啰嗦的人 C没妻子的老头 D女人气的男人 (D) 17. If I go to see my uncle, I can read his books .It’s in two twos. A一分为二 B一文不名 C三心二意 D一举两得 找出水果名 18 would you show me the map, please? Apple 19 I arrived home long before you. Melon 20 A thief stole money and a computer last night. Lemon
历年全国英语竞赛智力题 汇总 The final revision was on November 23, 2020
历年全国英语竞赛智力题汇总 2005年全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)初赛初三年级组试题 VI. 智力测试（IQ）（共5小题，计5分） 完成下列英语智力题。（答案写在答题纸上） 111. Whitney is playing a game with the spinner（旋转盘）shown below. If she spins（使旋转）, what number is she most likely to get 112. Mr Green's boss allows him 10 holidays during the year. Three of these fall on Mondays, 2 fall on Wednesdays, and 5 fall on Fridays. How many times a year does Mr Green get to enjoy a 3-day weekend 113. A cow came out of its shed （牛棚） and walked ten steps towards the east. She then took two steps to the south and walked four steps backwards. After that she made eight steps to the west. Which direction was the cow's tail pointing 114. Look at the example. The word in the middle has been made from the other two words. Complete the set of words in the same way. Example SOUP SOAK MAKE GOAT _________ BALL 115. A well-known proverb has been divided into groups of three letters that have then been placed in the wrong order. Find the proverb. EST HON OBI LTW ONE RDS WIT KIL 答案VI. 智力测试（IQ） 111. 2. (Because there are three 2s in the spinner.) 112. 8 times. 113. It was pointing downwards. (Because a cow's tail always points downwards.) 114. GOAL 115. Kill two birds with one stone. 2005年全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)决赛初三年级组试题 VI. 智力测试(IQ)(共5小题,计5分) 完成下列英语智力题。(答案写在答题纸上) 111. In Albert’s class, the ratio (比率) of students who prefer soccer to football is 4 to 3. If there are 35 students in the class, how many prefer soccer
英语智力题及答案智力开发大全合集 在平时的生活中多做一些智力题,会帮助自己提高自己的智商，做英文的智力题还能顺便提高自己的英语水平，下面就是小编给大家带来的英语智力题及答案，希望能帮助到大家! 英语智力题及答案 1.Which one of the following five is least like the other four? A,Cat –B. Lion –C. Dog –D.Turtle –E.Eleph 这道题很简单，cat (猫)、lion(狮子)、Dog(狗)和elephant(大象)都是哺乳动物mammal，而turtle，乌龟是在海滩上下了乌龟蛋，然后埋好再孵化的，因此是卵生动物。所以应该选D，乌龟! 2.If you rearrange the letters UGNAIA, you would have the name of a: River - Country - City - Animal - Plant Guiana，南美洲北部一地区，分属英、荷、法三国。英属圭亚那于1966独立成为圭亚那。所以，这道题的答案应该是B 国家country. 3.What would be the next group of letters in this series? aaaa ... bdzb ...cgac ... djzd ... ???? enae - ekze - elxe - emae - eize - I dont know 这一组数字，看起来很奇怪，到哪里找规律呢?这可要测你的智
能了。先看每组的第一个字母，abcd，简单，是按字母顺序嘛!那么下一组的第一个单词一定是e;再看第二个字母：adgj，有规律吗?没错，abcdefghij，规律就是，每个字母间相隔两个字母，所以依此类推，下一组单词的第二个字母应该是kln，当然，应该选备选答案中的A 4.What would be the next picture in this series? Choose one of thefollowing five: 找这个图的规律，要有合适的方法，我们先盯住图中的一个方块来看：比如说就看其中的绿色方块，它好象是在一个格子一个格子的往下移动，在看看红色的方块，是在一个格子一个格子地往上走，所以整个图其实是在做逆时针的转动，每次转动一个格子。因此，下一幅图应该是D。 5. DIDIIDID is to 49499494 as DIIDIIDD is to: A) 94494499B) 49949944C) 49499494D) 94944949 E)49944949 这道题是在测试你的速度和反应能力的，其实，我们只要把字母和数字对照一下，很快就能找到：D代表4，而I代表9，所以DIIDIIDD 就是数字49949944，选择(B)。 6.What would be the next picture in this series? Choose one of thefollowing five: 这个题应该选择E。黑色的小方块先是在大方框的四角上做顺时针旋转，而后在四边中间上做顺时针旋转，下一幅图，就应该是黑块
2012 National English Contest for College Students (Level C – Preliminary) (总分：150分时间：120分钟) Part I listening Comprehension (30 marks) Section A (5 marks) In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once .After each conversation, there will be a twenty-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer .Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. What does the man say we can do to deal with oil crisis? A. To make full use of oil. B. To use as little oil as possible C. To find alternative energy. 2. Where does this conversation most probably take place? A. In an insurance company. B. In a bank. C. In a supermarket. 3. According to the man, who is going to take over the position they are talking about? A. Janice. B. Someone else. C. Meryl. 4. What does the woman say about the man’s report for the meeting? A. He has to get it ready before tomorrow noon. B. He has done well enough. C. He has enough time to prepare it. 5. How many people will be on the earth by the year 2020 according to the professor? A. Some 5.8 billion. B. Nearly 7 billion. C. Over 8.5 billion. Section B (10 marks) In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the questions and the three choices marked A, Band C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre Conversation One 6. What’s the main job of Simon’s organization? A. They send out radio signals to communicate with other planets. B. They look for life and intelligence on other planets. C. They study stars that have planets orbiting around them. 7. Why does the organization search for radio signals from space? A. Their presence may prove the existence of aliens. B. They may help scientists find out how the universe started. C. They convey messages about life on the earth. 8. Does Simon believe those stories about aliens visiting our planet?
初中英语竞赛试题及答案（精编） 笔试部分（共七大题，计120分） I. 选择填空(Vocabulary and structure) (共20小题，计20分) 从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Jane, what are you doing _________ your computer? —I'm looking for information _________ airlines? A. about; for B. on; with C. in; with D. with; about 2. There are _________ carrots in the fridge. You don't have to buy any. A. few B. a few C. any D. little 3. —Who is Tina? —The girl who is wearing a _________ dress? A. beautiful red B. red and pretty C. red nice D. red but long 4. He _________ up very late in the morning, but now he _________ up very early. A. used to get; is used to get B. used to getting; is used to get C. is used to getting; used to get D. used to get; is used to getting 5. _________, he had studied art in Paris. A. When a boy B. As boy C. As a boy D. As he is a boy 6. —I hate space adventures. —_________. A. Nor do I B. Me neither C. Neither do I D. So do I 7. —Are you going to buy that car? —No, I'm not. It's _________ for me.
【英语】英语名词专项训练及答案含解析 一、初中英语名词 1．（?广西河池）—There is an MP5 on the desk,whose is this? —It can be my ____,she bought one yesterday. A. sister B. sister's C. sisters’ D. sisters 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:一一书桌上有一个MP5是谁的?一一可能是我妹妹的。她昨天买了一个。A.妹,单数形式;B.单数的所有格形式;C.妹们的，复数的所有格式;D.妹们，复数形式。本题表示MP5的所有关系所有格形式，后句的she说明是一个人，用单数，故选B。 2．—The last bus has left. What should we do? —Let's take a taxi. We have no other ______ now. A. choice B. reason C. habit 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：－末班车离开了。我们应该怎么办呢？－我们坐出租车吧。我们现在没有其他的选择了。A. choice选择；B. reason理由；C. habit习惯。没公交了，只有坐出租车这条选择，没有别的选择了。故选A。 【点评】此题考查名词的辨析。 3．---Could you tell me the_______of making such tasty cakes? ---Well，I just follow the instructions in the cookbook. A. time B. method C. cost D. menu 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:一一你可以告诉我做这样可口的蛋糕的方法吗?一一哦，我就是按照烹饪书的说明做的。time时间，method方法，cost花费，menu菜单。根据语境，“你能告诉我制作如此美味的蛋糕的方法吗?”此处方法:method比较符合语意，故选B。 4．—Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，Tony？ —Sure，Mom will be mad if she sees this _________，I think． A. matter B. mess C. trouble D. difficulty 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——托尼，你能倒垃圾，刷碗吗？——当然可以。我认为如果妈妈看见这么狼藉，她会疯了的。matter问题；mess狼藉，杂乱；trouble麻烦；difficulty困难。根据Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，可知屋里有垃圾，碗和盘子没有
英语智力题–吴馨怡 1.Which one of the following five is least like the other four? Cat - Lion - Dog - Turtle - Elephant 这道题很简单，cat （猫）、lion（狮子）、Dog（狗）和elephant（大象）都是哺乳动物mammal，而turtle，乌龟是在海滩上下了乌龟蛋，然后埋好再孵化的，因此是卵生动物。所以应该选 D，乌龟！ 2．If you rearrange the letters UGNAIA, you would have the name of a: River - Country - City - Animal - Plant Guiana，南美洲北部一地区，分属英、荷、法三国。英属圭亚那于1966独立成为圭亚那。 所以，这道题的答案应该是 B 国家country. 3.What would be the next group of letters in this series? aaaa ... bdzb ... cgac ... djzd ... ???? enae - ekze - elxe - emae - eize - I don't know 这一组数字，看起来很奇怪，到哪里找规律呢？这可要测你的智能了。先看每组的第一个字母，abcd，简单，是按字母顺序嘛！那么下一组的第一个单词一定是e；再看第二个字母：adgj，有规律吗？没错，abcdefghij，规律就是，每个字母间相隔两个字母，所以依此类推， 下一组单词的第二个字母应该是kln，当然，应该选备选答案中的 A 4.What would be the next picture in this series? Choose one of the following five:
历年全国英语竞赛智力题汇总 2005年全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)初赛初三年级组试题 VI. 智力测试（IQ）（共5小题，计5分） 完成下列英语智力题。（答案写在答题纸上） 111. Whitney is playing a game with the spinner（旋转盘）shown below. If she spins（使旋转）, what number is she most likely to get? 112. Mr Green's boss allows him 10 holidays during the year. Three of these fall on Mondays, 2 fall on Wednesdays, and 5 fall on Fridays. How many times a year does Mr Green get to enjoy a 3-day weekend? 113. A cow came out of its shed （牛棚）and walked ten steps towards the east. She then took two steps to the south and walked four steps backwards. After that she made eight steps to the west. Which direction was the cow's tail pointing? 114. Look at the example. The word in the middle has been made from the other two words. Complete the set of words in the same way. Example SOUP SOAK MAKE GOAT _________ BALL 115. A well-known proverb has been divided into groups of three letters that have then been placed in the wrong order. Find the proverb. EST HON OBI LTW ONE RDS WIT KIL 答案VI. 智力测试（IQ） 111. 2. (Because there are three 2s in the spinner.) 112. 8 times. 113. It was pointing downwards. (Because a cow's tail always points downwards.) 114. GOAL 115. Kill two birds with one stone. 2005年全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)决赛初三年级组试题 VI. 智力测试(IQ)(共5小题,计5分) 完成下列英语智力题。(答案写在答题纸上) 111. In Albert’s class, the ratio (比率) of students who prefer soccer to football is 4 to 3.
英语脑筋急转弯及答案 【篇一：英语脑筋急转弯大全】 what room has no walls, no doors, no windows, and no floors? a mushroom.(蘑菇) 2. what is smaller than an insects mouth? anything it eats. 3. what large instrument do you carry in your ears? drums, that is eardrums.(鼓膜) 4. whats too much for one, just right for two, but nothing at all for three? a secret. 5. what person tried to make you smile most of the time? a photographer. 6. what animal has a head like a cat, eyes like a cat, a tail like a cat, but isnt a cat? a kitten.(小猫) 7. what surprising things happen every 24 hours? day breaks, but doesnt fall; night falls, but doesnt break. 8. what can hear you without ears and can answer you without a mouth? an echo.(回声) 9. what do you know about the kings of france? they are all dead. 10. what question can you never answer yes to are you asleep? 11. why do some old people never use glasses? they must prefer bottles to glasses. 12. why is the person wearing two coats while painting the house? because the instructions on the paint can say put on two coats for best results. 13. what two words have thousands of letters in them? post office. 14. what do workers do in a clock factory? they make faces all day. 15. what 5-letter word has 6 left when you take 2 letters away? sixty.
智力题闯关第一关 1. 18，20，23，28，35，_______ . Please fill in the appropriate number. A.42 B.46 C.48 D.51 2. He has experienced the ups and downs of life. “ups and downs”in this sentence means（） A.上上下下 B.起起伏伏 C.大起大落 D.一帆风顺 3. Which one is England’s mother river（） A. the Thames B. Severn River C. Tyne River D. River Cam 4. ( ) is the country with the largest population. A. China B. India C. America D. Korea 5. —What’s that? —That’s a lily. I like it very much. Here “lily” stands for what ? A. girl’s name B. flower C. picture D. cup 6. If he got fired, his career could be dead in the water. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase? A.死在水里 B. 船玩出火 C. 彻底失败 D. 被搁置的 7. We already know □+△=25, □-○=14, △+◇=24, △+△=16. And □、△、○、◇ these shapes they stand for different numbers. Can you work out what are they?
经典英语脑筋急转弯题目大全及答案 经典英语脑筋急转弯及答案【经典篇】60条1. What room has no walls, no doors, no windows, and no floors?A mushroom.(蘑菇)2. What is smaller than an insect's mouth?Anything it eats.3. What large instrument do you carry in your ears?Drums, that is eardrums.(鼓膜)4. What's too much for one, just right for two, but nothing at all for three?A secret.5. What person tried to make you smile most of the time?A photographer.6. What animal has a head like a cat, eyes like a cat, a tail like a cat, but isn't a cat?A kitten.(小猫)7. What surprising things happen every 24 hours?Day breaks, but doesn't fall; night falls, but doesn't break.8. What can hear you without ears and can answer you without a mouth?An echo.(回声)9. What do you know about the kings of France?They are all dead.10. What question can you never answer 'yes" to"Are you asleep?11. Why do some old people never use glasses?They must prefer bottles to glasses.12. Why is the person wearing two coats while painting the house?Because the instructions on the paint can say "Put on two coats for best results."13. What two words have thousands of letters in them?Post office.14. What do workers do in a clock factory?They make faces all day.15. What 5-letter word has 6 left when you take 2 letters away?Sixty.16. When do you go as fast as a racing car?When you are in it.17. How many sides does a house have?Two - inside and outside.18. What never asks any questions but
35个英语脑筋急转弯及答案 6. What animal has a head like a cat, eyes like a cat, a tail like a cat, but isn t a cat? A kitten.(小猫) 7. What surprising things happen every 24 hours? Day breaks, but doesn t fall; night falls, but doesn t break. 8. What can hear you without ears and can answer you without a mouth? An echo.(回声) 9. What do you know about the kings of France? They are all dead. 10. What question can you never answer yes to Are you asleep? 11. Why do some old people never use glasses? They must prefer bottles to glasses. 12. Why is the person wearing two coats while painting the house? Because the instructions on the paint can say Put on two coats for best results. 13. What two words have thousands of letters in them? Post office. 14. What do workers do in a clock factory? They make faces all day.