第1讲句子成分和类型
老师寄语：
★努力拼搏，今朝汗洒书本；冲刺飞跃，明日笑映容颜。
★贵有恒何必三更眠五更起，最无益只怕一日曝十日寒。
★学海无涯，苦海有边，艰辛之后来甜蜜；人生有岸，毅力无穷，风雨过处见彩虹。【知识点讲解】
一、句子的成分
主语：Lucy is an American girl. / We study in No.1 Middle School.
谓语：We love China . / She is singing ./Mike hopes to be a doctor.
表语：Her aunt is a driver . / Are you ready ?/We were at home last night.
宾语：He often helps me . / We study English at school./Did you see him yesterday?
定语：The black bike is mine. / What's your name, please?
状语：People are all working hard. / It is very nice./We had a meeting this afternoon.
宾语补足语：He made me very angry./I find him a good boy.
(make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, keep, have, let等)
二、句子类型
（一）结构：简单句、并列句、复合句
1．简单句六种基本句型：
1 主语＋Vi（＋状语）Eg: He is swimming in the pool.
2 主语＋连系动词＋表语Eg: She is a outgoing girl./The boy looks nice.
3 主语＋Vi＋宾语Eg: Her mother always goes shopping.
4 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语Eg: She teaches us English.
5 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语Eg: She makes me happy.
6 There +be+主语＋状语Eg: There are some flowers on the teacher's desk.
2．并列句：简单句＋并列词＋简单句。
Hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus . / We love peace but we are not afraid of war .
She has not only knowledge, but also experience. / Work hard, and you will succeed.
常用的并列连词有and, but, or, nor, so, neither…nor, either…or, however, not only…but also等。
3．复合句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句
（二）目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
1.陈述句
肯定句：Light travels faster than sound.
否定句：The film isn’t interesting.
2. 疑问句
a.一般疑问句
Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？
b.特殊疑问句（W+H）：
Where do you live?你住那儿？
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？
c.选择疑问句
Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d.反意疑问句：陈述部分+附加疑问句部分
He doesn't know her, does he?他不认识她，对不对？
Yes, he does.是的，他不知道/No, he doesn’t.不，他知道
3.祈使句：请求，建议、命令
Sit down, please.请坐。Don't be nervous!别紧张！
4. 感叹句What + a/an +adj + n +主+谓How + adj + 主+ 谓
What good news it is! How clever he is!
习题答案
(一)① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二)① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨ A ⑩ A
(三)① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D
(四)①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B
(五)① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D
(六)① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B
(七)① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D
(八)① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语
② me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语
④ Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语
参考答案
1～5 CBBCA 6～10 DBCDD 11～15 BBDBC 6～20 DDAAA
21～25 BCDDB 26～30 DCBCA 31～35 CDABC 36～40 ADAB D
09真题答案1：BBDCB,ADDAD,ACDCC,A 09真题答案2：ACACA,BBCCD,BBCAC,B
【基础练习】
一、英语句子成分基础练习及答案
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分，4分钟)
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词(10分，10分钟)
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C. go
D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A. Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B. did
C. whom
D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
A B C D
② People all over the world speak English.
A B C D
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
A B C D
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
A B C D
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
A B C D
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
A B C D
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
A B C D
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
A B C D
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
A B C D
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
A B C D
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语(5分，5分钟)
① The old man was feeling very tired.
A B C D
② Why is he worried about Jim?
A B C D
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
A B C D
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
A B C D
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
A B C D
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语(6分，6分钟)
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
A B C D
② What is your given name?
A B C D
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
A B C D
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A B C D
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
A B C D
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
A B C D
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分，6分钟)
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
A B C D
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
A B C D
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
A B C D
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
A B C D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A B C D
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
A B C D
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）
① There was a big smile on her face.
A B C D
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
A B C D
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.
A B C D
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
A B C D
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
A B C D
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
A B C D
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
A B C D
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分，5分钟)
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
二、简单句、并列句及复合句
1. (2011泰安)--- _______do you read English newspapers?
---I read China Daily every day.
A. How long
B. How soon
C. How often
D. How far
2.(2011抚州)John had a short walk after lunch, _______？
A. did he
B. didn't he
C. had he
D. hadn't he
3.(2011宁波)--- _______do you have an Art Festival in your school?
---Once a year.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How far
D. How soon
4.(2011安徽省)If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so _______I.
A. do
B. am
C. will
D. should
5.(2011长沙) _______tall the girl is!
A. How
B. Howa
C. What
D. What a
6.(2011长沙) _______ call me Mimi! It's my cat's name.
A. Not
B. Didn't
C. Doesn't
D. Don't
7.(2011长沙)They went to the park yesterday,_______?
A. don't they
B. didn't they
C. aren't they
D. can't they
8.(2011福州)---Li Mei usually helps others, _______？
---Yes, she is kind-hearted.
A. does she
B. is she
C. doesn't she
9.(2011眉山)There _______an English party in our school tomorrow evening.
A. have
B. will have
C. is going to have
D. will be
10. (2011济南)--- _______a year does your school have sports meetings?
---Twice a year.
A. How often
B. How soon
C. How long
D. How many times
11. (2011泰州)---I have changed my job.
---_______.
A. So do I
B. So have I
C. So I do
D. So I have
12. (2011济南)Mike learns a lot about Internet. And _______.
A. I don't, either
B. so do I
C. so am I
D.I am, too
13. (2011眉山)Jim never goes to the movies on Saturday, _______？
A. does Jim
B. doesn't Jim
C. doesn't he
D. does he
14. (2011玉州)You've just finished your listening exam Please get yourself ready for the next part, _______？
A. shall we
B. will you
C. do you
D. are you
15. (2011眉山)--- _______the weather like last Monday?
---It was sunny.
A. How was
B. What's
C. What was
D. How is
16. (2011潍坊)_______great scientist Qian Xuesen is!
A. How
B. Howa
C. What
D. What a
17. (2011眉山)--- _______do you visit your grandparents?
---Once a month.
A. How soon
B. How long
C. How much
D. How often
18. (2011内江)--- _______ do you speak English so well?
---Because I practice it with my partner every day.
A. Why
B. When
C. Who
19. (2011泉州)---We'll go to Qing Yuan Mountain tomorrow. Why _______join us?
---That's a good idea.
A. not
B. don't
C. can't
D. didn't
20. (2011泉州)There is little milk in the glass, _______？
A. is there
B. isn't there
C. isn't it
D. does it
21. (2011肇庆)The students in Class Two played basketball against Class One yesterday,_____?
A. did they
B. didn't they
C. weren't they
22. (2011宁波)---What a new computer! Can you tell me_______?
---Just the day before yesterday.
A. how much you paid for it
B. how much did you pay for it
C. when you bought it
D. when did you buy it
23. (2011泰安)---Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.
---Yes. But if it _______, we'll play chess instead.
A. will rain
B. rained
C. is raining
D. rains
24. (2011烟台)---Do you know this dictionary belongs to?
---Let me see. Oh, it's_______.
A. who does; mine
B. who; me
C. whose; mine
D. who; mine
25. (2011杭州)Franklin told them all _______to be in Britain again.
A. he was how happy
B. how happy he was
C. how was he happy
D. he was happy how
26. (2011湖州)---What kind of movies do you like?
---I like the movies_______ are about Chinese history.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. that
27. (2011丽水)---Do you know _______？
---Sorry, I don't have a watch.
A. whose watch this is
B. whose watch is this
C. what time it is
D. what time is it
28. (2011重庆)The woman asked the policeman where _______.
A. the post office is
B. the post office was
C. is the post office
D. was the post office
29. (2011泰安)---Can you guess_______ the new schoolbag yesterday?.
----Sorry, I've no idea.
A. how much did he pay for
B. how much he spent
C how much he paid for D. how much did he spend
30. (2011杭州)Who is the man_______ is reading a book over there?
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. what
31. (2011湖州)---Do you know_______?
---Next Sunday.
A. what they will do
B. where they will do
C. when they will come here
D. who they will meet
32. (2011长沙)---Can you tell me why_______?
---Because I want to help the people there.
A. do you go to Tibet(西藏)
B. did you go to Tibet
C are you going to Tibet D. you are going to Tibet
33. (2011浙江省)---Linda, could you tell me _______?
---He is an actor.
A. what he does
B. what does he do
C where he works D. where does he work
34. (2011福州)---Could you tell me _______?
---Sure. The day after tomorrow.
A. when will you leave for the U.S.A.
B. when Mr. Lee will come
C when your father returned
35. (2011济南)He asked me_______.
A. who did kick the first goal in the World Cup
B. when was the A. PEC meeting held
C when China became a member of the WTO D. where will the 2008 Olympics be held
36. (2011玉州)Jane is one of the students in the class _______ have ever been to China.
A. who
B. whose
C. which
D. whom
37. (2011济宁)Can you tell me _______after this exam？
A. what you did
B. what did you do
C. what will you do
D. what you will do
38. (2011苏州)---Can you tell me how many colours _______ in a rainbow?
---Seven
A. there are
B. are there
C. they are
D. are they
39. (2011潍坊)I can't understand _______Apple's iPad 2.
A. why are they so mad about
B. why they are so mad about
C. how are they so mad about
D. how they are so mad about
40. Scientists have done a lot of research on A ( HIN1 ) flu_______ there are still some cases for further study.南京市
A. As
B. Once
C. If
D. Although
三、反意疑问句
1. E-mail is very popular today. People seldom write letters now, ______?(09广东)
A. did they
B. do they
C. didn’t they
D. don’t they
2. Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, _______? (09新疆)
A. shall we
B. will you
C. w on’t you
D. do you
3. ---Millions of people know about Susan Boyle now,_________?
---______, she becomes well-known because of her success on Britain’s Got Talent.（09福州）
A. do they; No
B. do they; Yes
C. don’t they; No
D. don’t the y; Yes
4. There is no important information in the newspaper, _______?（09齐齐哈尔、绥化）
A. isn’t there
B. is it
C. is there
5. Bob, you watched the fashion show last night, ________ ? （09孝感）
A. weren’t you
B. didn’t you
C. haven’t you
D. won’t you
6. —She doesn’t like geography，
—（09娄底）
A. Yes, she does
B. Yes, she doesn’t
C. No, she does
7. He’s fed the dog and the cat, _______?（09锦州）
8. ---Arthur is res ponsible _______ the newspaper, isn’t he?
---___________,but Joyce is．She's the chief editor．（09深圳）
A．of；Yes，he isn't B. for；Yes，he is
C. of；No, he is D．for；No he isn’t
9. John, clean your room, _________?(09芜湖)
A. will you
B. shall we
C. don’t you
D. doesn’t he
10. --- It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
--- _______. Let’s go hiking in the mountain. (09贵港)
A. Yes, it does
B. No, it isn’t
C. It doesn’t matter
D. Yes, it is
11. I don’t think she has gone to Beiji ng, _______? (09柳州)
A. has she
B. hasn’t she
C. do I
D. don’t I
12. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it, _______? (09益阳)
A. aren’t they
B. isn’t it
C. is it
13. --- You don’t come from England, do you?
--- _______. I come from America. How do you know that? (09朝阳)
A. No, I do
B. Yes, I do
C. Yes, I don’t
D. No, I don’t
14. Liu Qian has made ―magic‖ a hot word, _____ he? (09l临沂)
A. doesn’t
B. didn’t
C. hasn’t
D. isn’t
15. Mom, my grandfather goes for a walk after supper every day, _______? (09威海)
A. does he
B. is he
C. doesn’t he
D. isn’t he
16. There are two libraries in this city, ______? (09南充)
A. aren’t there
B. aren’t they
C. are two
四、感叹句
1. _______ information he offered us! We all thank him. (09芜湖)
A. What useful
B. What useless
C. How useful
D. How useless
2. --We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2014.
--- Wow, ________ ! Will it pass our place?(09北京)
A. what an excited news
B. how excited the news is
C. what exciting news
D. how exciting news
3.--- What ______ sweet music! Do you know who wrote it?
--- Beethoven, I think. (09莆田)
A. /
B. a
C. an
D. the
4. ----Dad, do you like my picture?
----_______________! It’s the nicest one I’ve ever seen! （09兰州）
A. What beautiful
B. How careful
C. How wonderful
D. What wonderful picture
5.______ terrible weather we had last Sunday. (09广东)
A. What
B. What a
C. Such
D. How
6. way it is from Guangzhou to Paris! (09广州)
A. How long
B. What a long
C. How a long
D. What long
7._______ weather it is today! Let’s go out for a walk. (09安顺)
A．How fine B. What fine C. What a fine D. How a fine
8. Mary got good grades in school. ______ excited she is! (09河北)
A. What
B. What a
C. How
9. --- _______ fine weather it is! Let’s go swimming.
--- Why not? Let’s go.(09绥化)
A. What a
B. How
C. What
10. –Listen! Our music teacher is playing the music of Two Butterflies.
–_________________! (09恩施)
A. What a sweet music
B. How sweet music
C. How a sweet music
D. What sweet music
11. _______ beautiful flowers they are! (09常德)
A. How
B. What
C. What a
12. ______ clever boy he is! (09益阳)
A. How a
B. What a
C. How
13. —Look, __________ dirty the water is!
----Yes, we should really take some actions to deal with it.(09连云港)
A. what a
B. what
C. how
D. how a
14. --- Did you enjoy the concert last night?
--- Very much. _______ wonderful concert it was! (09威海)
A. What a
B. What
C. How a
D. How
15. --- All of you have passed the test!
--- _______ pleasant news you have told us! (09新疆)
A. How
B. How a
C. What
D. What a
16. --- Here is a ticket to the magic show, Jason.
--- Wow! ______ gift it is! It’s my favorite. (09湖州)
A. What a delicious
B. What a nice
C. How nice
D. How delicious
语法专题讲解：句子成分 句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。其中包括： 主要成分：主语谓语 次要成分：表语宾语宾语补足语主语补足语定语状语同位语 ㈠主语(sub)：句子所陈述的主体。一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 读下面的句子标出主语并总结能够做主语的词。 1.Honesty is the best quality. 2.Nobody can help you. 3.Four and five makes nine. 4.The sick and the old need our help. 5.The wounded should be sent to hospital. 6.To become a nurse is my wish. 7.Running is good for health. 8.Between six and seven in the morning is the best time. 9.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 10.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 11.There is a teacher and 3students. 总结： ㈡谓语（v.）:表示主语的动作，行为或所处的状态。（谓语有人称和数的变化）动词及动词短语常在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 观察下面的句子总结谓语动词的构成。 1. He practices running every morning. / The plane takes off at 8 o’clock. 2. You may keep the book for two weeks. / He has caught a bad cold. 3. Our school becomes more beautiful. 总结谓语动词的构成。 1、简单谓语： 2、复合谓语： ㈢表语(pred.):系动词后用来说明主语的特征，类属，状态或身份等。 系动词的类别： 状态系动词：be (is am are was were) seem smell sound taste feel touch stay(保持) remain (依然) look （看上去） appear （显得） keep（保 持）continue (继续) stand (以某种方式矗立着)
句子成分及基本类型 真题再现 1. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 3. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best. A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever 4. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what 5. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________? A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he 6. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 答案与解析： 1. B。分析从句成分，“主系表”结构完整，when只能代替先行词(at) an age在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）。此处的when=at which。 2. B。在非限制性定语从句中缺主语，只能用关系代词who代替先行词people在从句中作主语。 3. B。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是“无论哪件”，选B。C、D选项只能在句中作状语，题干中已有“five courses”，排除A项。 4. D。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。 5. A。根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。 6. A。结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句，缺少谓语。由此可知，A选项符合题意。 知识讲解 句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语 表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
动词 一．实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词、使役动词 注意：在不同的句子中，有些动词可能分属不同的种类。 例如：Have you seen my pen?﹙现在完成时，have为助动词﹚ He has a red car.﹙have为实义动词﹚ 〈一〉实义动词 含义：又称行为动词，按在句子中按是否需要跟宾语可分为两类：及物动词、不及物动词。但事实上大多数动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 1. 及物动词：可以直接跟宾语的动词。 如believe/buy/like/catch/thank/have等 及物动词的宾语：a.及物动词后可接名词、代词、数词、动名词等作宾语 ①The story canˊt interest the children.﹙名词作宾语﹚ ②I must thank you for telling me this.﹙代词﹚ ③I got three apples.﹙数次﹚ ④We like talking about the subject.﹙动名词﹚ b.有些及物动词后可跟双宾语。﹙间接宾语人，直接宾语物﹚如：give/ask/tell/buy/show/send/take/teach等 ①Please give me the book. ②Can you send me your bike? ③My parents bought me a new shirt. → 2. 不及物动词 a. 不需要跟宾语，句意可完整， 如：blead/caugh/cry/die/sleep/swim/weep等 I want to sleep. Don’t cry. My grandmother died. b. 不能直接跟宾语，往往先加一个介词然后再跟宾语， 如：rely/look/live/think/belong/insist等 Listen to the teacher carefully. ②Please look at the tree. ③We should rely on ourselves. 3. 既是及物动词又是不及物动词： ①I ran as quickly as I could.﹙vi﹚跑 Teach me how to run business. ﹙vt﹚经营 ②The train was alreadly moving.﹙vi﹚移动 Her story moved me deeply.﹙vt﹚感动 要掌握好及物、不及物动词方法有两种： ①背单词时关注词性符号②读句子时关注动词后的宾语。 〈二〉连系动词 含义:又叫系动词，一般与表语一起构成系表结构。 1. 系动词be:am/is/are/was/were后面的表语通常是形容词、名词、介词短语等 ①He is strong.﹙形容词﹚ ②I am a student.﹙名词﹚ ③Mary is in the house.﹙介词短语﹚
句子成分&句子结构 一、句子成分 句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等。主语和谓语是句子的必需部分；宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分；其他成分如状语和定语，是句子的辅助部分。有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语，它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系，称为独立成分。 1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体，是一个句子谈论的主题。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当。 Some people can’t use the computer. (名词作主语) He teaches us English. (代词作主语) Three and five is eight. (数词作主语) To read in bed is bad for your eyes. (不定式作主语) Eating more vegetables is good for us. (动名词短语作主语) That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. (从句作主语) (广东)Do you need more time to complete the task? Yes, another ten days _____ enough. A, is B, are C, was D, were 2.谓语: 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词或短语动词充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语。 The boy speaks Japanese. (简单谓语) Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. (简单谓语) I can play the baseball. (合成谓语) Our city becomes more beautiful. (合成谓语) 3.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分充当。 I bought a book. (单宾语，名词) The news surprised us. (单宾语，代词) He told me the news about it. (双宾语，代词/名词) A friend lent some money to me. (双宾语，名词/代词) We consider him an honest boy. (复合宾语) Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. (复合宾语) 4.表语：表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等，与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语。 My pen friend is an American boy. (名词) This book isn’t mine. (代词) He was the first to come to school yesterday. (数词) The man looks strong. (形容词) My father is out. (副词) His job is to clean the school. (动词不定式短语) The dictionary is in the bag. (介词短语) Wasting time is killing yourself. (动名词短语) The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. (从句) 5.定语：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分，分为前置定语和后置定语两种。
第五节单句类型及句子成分 一、句子 句子是由词或短语构成的语言的基本运用单位。 从结构上看，短语和句子同属句法结构：不带语气的句法结构是短语，带上语气的句法结构是句子。但短语与句子毕竟不是一回事。短语是材料单位、静态单位，句子是表达单位、动态单位。句子有自己的结构类型和语气类型，还有特殊成分。 二、句子的类型 1.从结构上分，句子可以分为单句和复句。 单句由一个短语或一个词构成，复句由两个或两个以上的分句（取消了独立性的单句）构成。我们一般所说的“句子”，指的是“单句”。 单句又可以分为主谓句和非主谓句。 如“明天晴天。”“这里风景优美。”“他来了。”是主谓句。 “好！”“严禁吸烟。”是非主谓句。 2.从语气上分，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。例如： Ａ．理想是前进的灯塔。（陈述句） Ｂ．你上哪儿？（疑问句） Ｃ．请勿吸烟！（祈使句） Ｄ．多么可爱的秋色啊！（感叹句） 从结构上对句子划分得出的类型叫句型，从语气上对句子的划分得出的类型叫句类。句型和句类是对句子作不同角度的划分得出的类型，因此，一个句子总是兼属这两种性质不同的类型。例如：Ａ．理想是前进的灯塔。（主谓句、陈述句） Ｂ．你上哪儿？（主谓句、疑问句） Ｃ．请勿吸烟！（非主谓句、祈使句） Ｄ．多么可爱的秋色啊！（非主谓句、感叹句） Ｅ．你真了不起！（主谓句、感叹句） 三、单句句型 单句可以分为主谓句和非主谓句。 （一）主谓句 由主谓结构构成的句子叫主谓句。 １．名词性谓语句 由名词性词语充当谓语的句子叫名词性谓语句。名词单独充当谓语的情况较少，较多的情况是名词性偏正结构。例如： Ａ．今天阴天。Ｂ．明天中秋。 Ｃ．鲁迅浙江人。Ｄ．赣，江西省的简称。 Ｅ．猪肉两斤半。Ｆ．他两个儿子。 Ｇ．这部小说去年出版的。Ｈ．他圆圆的脸，大大的眼睛。 Ｉ．老李好眼力。 ２．动词性谓语句
句子成分与五种基本句型班级：姓名： 一、句子成分 一）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. （） 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. （） 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. （） 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） 二）谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语： 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五）定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语）
短语类型 一、并列短语 词和词之间没有轻重主次之分，彼此地位平等。 １、类型 ⑴名＋名文化教育今天或明天（名词短语） ⑵动＋动调查研究愿意并实行（动词短语） ⑶形＋形光辉灿烂庄严肃穆（形容词短语） ⑷代＋代我和他这样那样（名词短语） ⑸数量＋数量四面八方千秋万代三斤五两（名词短语） ２、并列短语一般前后可以互换位置。 例如：工厂农村我你他 但有些并列短语是不能前后颠倒位置的，因为它有一定次序。 ⑴时间顺序：春、夏、秋、冬 ⑵大小顺序：省、市、县 ⑶年龄顺序：老、中、青 ⑷逻辑顺序：继承和发展接近文学和爱好文学 ⑸语言习惯：男女老少金银铜铁油盐酱醋 ３、并列短语一般要求词性相同，但个别也有不同。 例如：姐姐和我（名词＋代词）勤劳勇敢不怕苦（形＋形＋代） 二、偏正短语 １、前偏后正：“偏”修饰、限制“正”。 ⑴定＋中（名、代），如：（祖国）大地（一朵）茶花（前进）的步伐 ⑵状＋中（动、形），如：[很]好看[独立]思考[慢慢]地走 ２、旧语法：“的”是定语的标志；“地”是状语的标志。新语法：统一为“的”。三、动宾短语 动宾之间是支配与被支配、关涉与被关涉的关系。动词＋宾语。宾语是回答动词“谁”、“什么”、“哪儿”的。 例如：消灭敌人放下包袱丢下它发展生产进行斗争 骗取信任恢复平静爱热闹下决心有幽默感像珍珠 四、后补短语 A、动+补 动补短语中的补语不能回答动词“谁”、“什么”“哪儿”。 例如： 看清楚、去一趟、拿起来、引在脑子里、跑得快、走的急 B、形补短语形+补 以形容词为中心时它的后面只有补语，因为形容词不能带宾语。 结构助词“得”是补语的标志。 例如：机灵得很密得不透气漂亮极了 五、主谓短语 陈述与被陈述的关系。名词（代词）+动词（形容词） 主语可以回答谓语“谁”、“什么”；谓语可以回答主语“怎么样” 结构形式：A名+动B名+形C代+动D代+形 例如：
句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词）
一、常见短语结构类型 1.并列短语：词与词之间有并列关系。 2.偏正短语：前面的词修饰、限制后面的名词、动词或形容词。 3.动宾短语：前面的动词支配后面的词。 4.动补短语（后补短语）：后面的词补充说明前面的动词或形容词。 5.主谓短语：后面的词陈述前面的词，前后有被陈述和陈述关系。 指出下列短语的结构类型 1、风俗习惯（） 2、变化规律（） 3、历史悠久（） 4、整修一新（） 5、思维敏捷（） 6、竞选州长（） 7、销售计划（） 8、风和日丽（） 9、激动不已（） 10、辛勤耕耘（）11、我和你（） 12、漂亮的衣服（）13、好得很（） 14、买东西（）15、生活幸福（） 16、书和笔（） 指出下列成语的结构关系 1、脚踏实地（） 2、三番五次（） 3、平分秋色（） 4、世外桃源（） 5、轻于鸿毛（） 6、遗臭万年（） 7、一盘散沙（） 8、大显身手（） 9、情投意合（） 10、人定胜天（）11、天衣无缝（） 12、可歌可泣（）13、痛改前非（） 14、纸上谈兵（）15、逃之夭夭（） 16、郎才女貌（）
二、划分句子成分的练习 说明：划分句子成分使用的符号 （定语）主语 ||［状语］谓语〈补语〉（定语）宾语。 1．好的导体和好的绝缘体都是重要的电工材料。 2．一遇见就退缩是软弱的表现。 3．小溪边的稻场上，现在又围满了女人和孩子们。 4．你们要对这个关键的问题进行深入的分析和研究。 5．今天，班主任老师兴奋地告诉大家一个好消息。 6．我参加排球训练已经两年了。 7．怀古、凭吊之诗是诗人从历史人物或历史事件中捕捉到的与诗人或时代感情相通，能引起共鸣的精神或教训。 8．随着社会的沧桑巨变，救国平天下成为当务之急的时候，诸葛亮在杜甫心目中的地位越来越高。 9．克隆人的复制成功，将违背人类最基本的伦理原则，有可能使我们现有的有关规范失去效力。 10.从调查的结果来看，该校学生的课余活动主要有班级野炊、年级文体比赛、校际 联欢会等，内容丰富，形式多样。
句子成分及句子种类练习题 一、句子成分 （一）专项练习 1. 划出下列句中主语 ①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ②There is an old man coming here. ③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 划出句中谓语 A. ①I don't like the picture on the wall. ②The days get longer and longer when summer comes. ③Do you usually go to school by bus? ④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. ⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? ⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. ⑦What I want to tell you is this. ⑧We had better send for a doctor. ⑨He is interested in music. ⑩Whom did you give my book to? B. ①Come to the blackboard, Tom. ②The old man must be sent to hospital at once. ③Daddy, what happened last night? ④Don’t forget to bring your dictionary here tomorrow. ⑤The question should be made clear as soon as possible. 3. 划出下列句中的宾语 ①My brother hasn't done his homework. ②People all over the world speak English. ③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦They made him monitor of the class. ⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. ⑨You will find it useful after you leave school. ⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. 4. 划出下列句中的表语 ①The old man was feeling very tired. ②Why is he worried about Jim? ③The leaves have turned yellow. ④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 人称代词： 主格 宾格（注意it 的用法） 物主代词：形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数： myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, on eself 反身代词： 复数： ourselves, yourselves, themselves who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词： One/on es, Either/ neither, both/all, each/ every 复合不定代词： somebody, an ybody, n obody some one, anyone, no one someth ing, anything, nothing everybody, every one, everyth ing 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3. 数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4. 冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词//功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点： at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ undern eath 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/s ince from, after/ beh ind, 5. 介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：… . 其他 - J 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 2?代词 I 、新课导入 疑问代词: 不定代词 ano ther, other, the other, others, the others 个体名词「 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 6 形容词：平级、比较级、最高级
语法层次、句子成分和句子类型 一、语法层次 英语有五个语法层次，上一级语法单位由一个或多个下一级的语法单位构成。 自由词素：可以构成简单词并能独立使用, 但不能被进一步切分，常作词根构成派词素生词，如work, luck, friend. 粘着词素：不可独立成词，也不可独立使用，只能作为词缀，附着在词根上， 如worker lucky friendly中的-er, -y, -ly 简单词：由一个自由词素构成的词，如上文的work, luck, friend. 词派生词：由自由词素（作词根）加粘着词素（作词缀）构成，如worker lucky friendly。 复合词：由两个或更多的自由词素合并而构成的词：police + man= policeman 名词词组：a close friend 动词词组：drive a car, to learn English, playing basketball 词组形容词词组：very far 副词词组：so actively 介词词组: in the meeting 简单句：只有一个“主语+ 谓语”结构的句子：He likes dancing. 并列句：两个或多个简单句通过并列连词and, but, or连接起来的句子: He likes 句子dancing, but I like swimming. 复杂句: 一个句子的成分直接由另一个句子充当，该句便是复杂句： I know he is a top student. I know it. 主语谓语宾语（从句）(简单句） 段落：段落由一个或多个句子组成，表达相对完整的意思，一般在段首或段尾有主题句（topic sentence) 二、句子成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分包括表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语。 （一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 请对下列句子的主语部分划线并指出其语法特征： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class.
第五节单句类型及句子成分 一、句子句子是由词或短语构成的语言的基本运用单位。从结构上看，短语和句子同属句法结构：不带语气的句法结构是短语，带上语气的句法结构是句子。但短语与句子毕竟不是一回事。短语是材料单位、静态单位，句子是表达单位、动态单位。句子有自己的结构类型和语气类型，还有特殊成分。 二、句子的类型 1. 从结构上分，句子可以分为单句和复句。单句由一个短语或一个词构成，复句由两个或两个以上的分句（取消了独立性的单句）构成。我们一般所说的“句子” ，指的是“单句” 。 单句又可以分为主谓句和非主谓句。 如“明天晴天。”“这里风景优美。”“他来了。”是主谓句。“好！”“严禁吸烟。”是非主谓句。2. 从语气上分，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。例如：Ａ．理想是前进的灯塔。（陈述句） Ｂ．你上哪儿？（疑问句） Ｃ．请勿吸烟！（祈使句） Ｄ．多么可爱的秋色啊！（感叹句） 从结构上对句子划分得出的类型叫句型，从语气上对句子的划分得出的类型叫句类。句型和句类是对句子作不同角度的划分得出的类型，因此，一个句子总是兼属这两种性质不同的类型。例如： Ａ．理想是前进的灯塔。（主谓句、陈述句） Ｂ．你上哪儿？（主谓句、疑问句） Ｃ．请勿吸烟！（非主谓句、祈使句） Ｄ．多么可爱的秋色啊！（非主谓句、感叹句） Ｅ．你真了不起！（主谓句、感叹句） 三、单句句型单句可以分为主谓句和非主谓句。 （一）主谓句由主谓结构构成的句子叫主谓句。 １．名词性谓语句由名词性词语充当谓语的句子叫名词性谓语句。名词单独充当谓语的情况较少，较多的情况是名词性偏正结构。例如： Ａ．今天阴天。Ｂ．明天中秋。 Ｃ．鲁迅浙江人。Ｄ．赣，江西省的简称。 Ｅ．猪肉两斤半。Ｆ．他两个儿子。 Ｇ．这部小说去年出版的。Ｈ．他圆圆的脸，大大的眼睛。 Ｉ ． 老李好眼力。 ２ ．动词性谓语句 由动词性词语充当谓语的句子叫动词性谓语句。例如：
基础语法复习一（P1-10） （句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句） 一、句子成分概述 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）成分导图概览： 【例句】 主语：Two thirds of the water is absorbed. 谓语： 1、简单谓语：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：You may keep the book for two weeks. 【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。如：We are students. 表语： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
宾语： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语补足语： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） 定语： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） 状语： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 【巩固训练一】 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers.
动词的分类，句子的分类，句子的成分 一．动词分类 ?主要动词行为动词不及物动词laugh / smlie / look / listen 及物动词see / hear / drank / eat 连系动词 be (am is are was were) / seem / keep 是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) become / turn / get / grow 变得 ?辅助动词助动词be (am / is /are / was / were) do / does / did have / has / had will / shall / be going to 情态动词can / may / must / shall / need could / should / would / might have (has) to / had better 1.行为动词 : see / hear / drank / eat / … I saw him last week. : laugh / smile / look / listen / …
?不及物动词 ?及物动词 1. He ?有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了： 1.他们放风筝。 2.风筝在天上飞。 She teaches us. She teaches us English. She teaches English. 可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 (A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do He bought me a new bike. 也可以改为 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand She lent me a book.She lent a book to me. Our teacher