Unit 1 Family life 家庭生活
Text 1 The roles of men and women
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy or girl learns to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.
If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important, and that has happened in some cases, we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.
It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism(母亲崇拜)”, but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rightsand equal responsibilities is pertinent(相关的) not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.
[A] credit [B] reverse [C] notions [D] analyze [E] exchange [F] cooperation [G] irrelevant [H] partnership [I] consequences [J]cooperative
男女角色
在一个男人和女人的角色没有明显区别的，许多家务或多或少由两人共同承担的家庭中，男性优越的观念就很难继续存在。这种共同分担工作和做出决定的模式有助于男女平等，而这种平等反过来又有利于更进一步地分担责任。在这样的家庭中成长的男孩或女孩比他们的双亲更容易接受这种平等，学习为踏入以协作而不是“性别大战”为特征的社会做更充分的准备。
但如果发展太过，男人的角色变得不如以前重要，而在一些情况下也发生过这样的事，我们就会像过去一样处境维艰，仅仅是将情况反过来罢了。
是重新评价美国男人在家庭中的作用的时候了。对“母亲崇拜”我们已逐渐变得有点厌倦，但我们也不想代之以“新的父亲崇拜”。我们更需要的是要认识到养育孩子涉及到两个人的合作。有迹象表明，精神病学家、心理学家、社会工作者和家庭问题专家更加关注男人所扮演的角色，他们已觉得妇女不应该得到所有的赞誉——也不应该承受所有的责备。我们已不再说妇女的职责就是呆在家里。反之，我们开始分析男人在家里的职责，并坚持认为他在家里确实有职责。而他们的职责与孩子的健康发展有很大关系。
家庭是一个合作企业，因而很难为此制定规则，因为每个家庭需要用自己的方法来解决它自己的问题。
不管它披上什么样的外衣，过度的权力主义都会带来不愉快的结果，平等权利、平等责任的理想不仅与健全的民主政治有关，还与健康的家庭相关。
难句解析
1. In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain.
【分析】多重复合句。In a family...extent 为状语，其中含有两个where 引导的定语从句修饰family，主语notions of male superiority 放在句末，这样做是为了避免头重脚轻，使文章更流畅。
2. In such a home, the growing boy or girl learns to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more
fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.
【分析】复合句。由两个并列关系的不定式共同作learn 的宾语补足语，而这两个不定式中各自都有一个由than构成的比较结构，前一个than 引导倒装句，表示强调。其中characterized by...sexes 是过去分词作后置定语，修饰a world。
3. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit —nor all the blame.
【分析】多重复合句。在该句中前两个that 引导的句子作signs 的同位语，表示signs 的内容，第三个that 引导的从句作decide 的宾语。
下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇
notion* /9n5USFn/ @@ n.概念，观念；意图，想法，(怪)念头
【联想】有情绪(emotion) ，意图(notion) 是想通过自己的提议(motion)
【词根】not(知道) ＋ion(名词后缀)→知道了→有一定概念→概念
【搭配】have no notion of time 没有时间观念；have a sudden notion to leave 突然想离开
【引申】〈同义〉idea n.想法；概念｜belief n.信念｜opinion n.意见，看法｜thought n.想法，见解｜view n.看法，见解
【阅读例句】White believes our notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged. 怀特认为，我们社会以孩子为中心的观点应该受到挑战。[08.12]
同义↓
perspective* /p59spektIv/ @@ n.想法，视角；景观；透视画法
【联想】他很有悟性(perceptive)，观点(perspective)独到
【词根】per(贯穿) ＋spect(看) ＋ive →穿过…看→透视图
【搭配】view an issue from a historical perspective 用历史的观点看待问题；gain a perspective on the future 展望未来
【阅读例句】Clearly, from the school’s perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. 很明显，站在学校角度，远程教育能节省不少钱。[07.12]
cooperation ▲/k5U8((e7))p59reISn/ @@ n.合作
【词根】cooperat(e)(合作) + ion(名词后缀)
【搭配】close cooperation between colleges 大学之间的紧密合作
【活用例句】Your participation will contribute a lot to our future cooperation. 你们的参与将会极大地促进我们今后的合作。reverse* /rI9v((ae)):s/ @@ vt.撤销；使位置颠倒vi.反向，倒转n.对立面；反面a.反向的，相反的
【联想】他创作了丰富多彩(diverse) 与她相反的(reverse) 诗歌(verse)
【词根】re(=back) ＋vers(turn 转) ＋e →向后转移→倒转
【搭配】in reverse 反过来；与…相反；reverse moral decline扭转道德下降的局面；reverse a trend彻底改变趋势
【活用例句】She used to work for me, but our situations are reversed now. 过去她为我工作，而现在我们的地位对调了。exchange* /Iks9tSeIndZ/ @@ n.交换，交易；汇兑，兑换率#09 vt.调换，互换；交流
【词根】ex ＋change(变换)→完全变换→交换，互换
【搭配】a fair exchange公平的交易；the rate of exchange汇率；exchange ideas with colleagues 与同事们交换意见
【写作例句】Since China entered WTO, there has been a tremendous increase in foreign investments and cultural exchanges in the country.自从中国加入世贸组织以来，国内的外商投资出现了巨幅增长，对外文化交流活动也大大增加。partnership /9pA:tn5SIp/ @@ n.合伙关系
【词根】来自partner (伙伴) ＋ship(关系)
【活用例句】My business was most successful when I formed a good partnership with someone else.当我与别人建立了良好的合伙关系时，我的生意最兴旺发达。
同根↓
partner* /9pA:tn5(r)/ @@ n.配偶，搭档；伙伴，合伙人vt.做…的搭档
【搭配】be partnered for the dance 结成舞伴
【听力例句】I think you’d better find another partner. I love table tennis, but I don’t think I’m improving.我认为你最好另外找一个搭档。我喜欢乒乓球，但我认为我并没有进步。[04.1]
credit* /9kredIt/ @@ n.信任，荣誉
【联想】她因编辑(edit) 名书而得到主编的信任(credit)
【词根】cred(相信) ＋it →信任
【搭配】be bare of credit 名誉不好，无信誉；be to sb’s credit 为某人增光；get credit for... 因…而得到好评；have the credit of... 有…的好名声
【活用例句】If you pay your bills on time, your credit will be good. 如果你能按时支付账单，你的信誉将会维持得很好。analyze* /9{n5laIz/ @@ vt.分析；细察，细查
【词根】ana(分开) ＋lyze(放)→分开放→分析
【搭配】analyze the matches in detail 详细地分析了比赛；analyze problems分析问题
【阅读例句】When he came to analyze their embarrassing lapses (差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. 当他分析这些人的尴尬差错并将其写成一份科学报告时，他惊奇地发现几乎所有的差错都可以归入几类。[03.6]
irrelevant /I9rel5v5nt/ @@ a.不相关的
【搭配】be irrelevant to与…不相关
【引申】〈同根〉irrelevantly ad.不恰当地，不合适地｜irrelevance n.不重要，不相关｜irrelevancy n.不恰当，离题；不相干的事物｜relevant a.相关的
【写作例句】Statistics show that the number of graduates who take jobs irrelevant to their majors has been rising dramatically.数据显示，大学毕业生在从事与自己专业无关的工作的人数急剧上升。
cooperative /k5U9((e7))pFr5tIv/ @@ a.有合作意向的，乐意合作的；合作的n.合作社，合作商店(等)
【词根】co(一起)＋operat(操作)＋ive(…的)→一起来操作→合作的
【阅读例句】The classroom offers opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with cooperative, peaceful ones. 课堂给孩子们提供机会，用和平协作的行为来取代愤怒的暴力行为。[07.12]
consequence* /9k((e7))nsIkw5ns/ @@ n.结果
【联想】排名结果(consequence)是分次序(sequence)的
【词根】con(一起) ＋sequ(跟随) ＋ence →跟随其后→结果
【搭配】as a consequence 因而，结果；face the consequences of one’s action 自食其果；in consequence 因此，结果；in consequence of... …的结果，因为…的缘故
【活用例句】She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 她被发现有罪，因而失去了工作。
下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇
role* /r5Ul/ @@ n.角色，任务
【搭配】play an important role in... 在…中起重要作用；play the role of sb (在剧中)扮演某人的角色
【引申】〈同义〉part n.角色｜mission n.任务，使命
【活用例句】It is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs. 保持他们在国际事务中的领导作用是很重要的。turn* /t((ae)):n/ @@ v.转动，扭转；(使)转向；(使)变化n.转动；(轮流的)顺序，轮班
【搭配】by turns 轮流地，交替地；take turns 依次，轮流；turn around转变，(使)转好；turn away回绝，把…打发走；turn back (使)折回，(使)往回走；turn down (one’s proposal) 拒绝(某人的求婚), 调低；turn in(weapons and ammunition) 交还，上交(枪支弹药)；turn off (the light, oven) 关掉(灯，烤箱)；turn on(the computer) 接通，打开(计算机)；turn out(to be his cousin) 结果是(是他的堂弟)，证明是；turn over (to police) 将…移交(警方), 翻过来，翻倒；turn to (a friend)求助于(朋友), 查阅；turn up开大，出现，来到
【听力例句】He turned a failing newspaper into a success. 他使一家濒临倒闭的报社起死回生。[07.12]
equal* /9i:kw5l/ @@ a. (to)相等的；平等的；胜任的#09 n.同等的人，相等的数量vt.等于；比得上
【搭配】be equal to 等于；other things being equal [作条件状语] 在其他条件都相同的情况下
【阅读例句】Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. 在信息传达的真实性方面，各种通讯技术间差别极大。[06.6]
同义↓
parallel /9p{r5lel/ @@ n.可相比拟的事物；平行线(面)；纬线a.平行的；类似的；并列的vt.与…相似，比得上【词根】para(半) ＋llel→平行面分成两半→平行面
【搭配】a parallel investigation同时进行的调查；in parallel with sth；sb与某物；人同时
【阅读例句】While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. 无论我们多么喜欢，两者也不能同时运用，还是需要综合运用两者达到一个完美结果。[07.6] insist* /In9sIst/ @@ vt.坚持，坚决主张vi.坚持，强调
【词根】in(里边) ＋sist(站立)→一直站在里边→坚持
【搭配】insist on the right to keep the baby 坚持抚养婴儿的权利
【引申】〈同根〉insistence n.坚持｜insistent a.坚决的，坚持的|persist vi.坚持，持续
【活用例句】She insists on discussing some details in another conference just when I was about to sign on the contract. 我正要在合同上签字时，她却坚持要再召开一次会议讨论一些细节问题。
enterprise /9ent5praIz/ @@ n.事业，计划；事业心，进取心；企业(或事业)单位，公司
【联想】enter(进)＋prise(奖赏)→奖赏有进取心的人→进取心
【阅读例句】Rather, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. 相反，他们认为Frito-Lay 是在把自由企业的利益传遍全球。[05.12]
Text 2 American Family Values
Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members. The result is that the needs of each individual take priority in the life of the family. In contrast to that of many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically, nor is it to bring honor to the family name. This is partly because the United States is not an aristocratic society. Family name and honor are less important than in aristocratic societies, since equality of opportunity regardless of birth is considered a basic American value. Moreover, there is less emphasis on the family as an economic unit because the American family is rarely self-supporting. Relatively few families maintain self-supporting family farms or businesses for more than one generation. A farmer’s son, for example, is very likely to go on to college, leave the family farm, and take an entirely different job in a different location.
The American desire for freedom from outside control clearly extends to the family. Americans do not like to have controls placed on them by other family members. They want to make independent decisions and not be told what to do by grandparents or uncles or aunts. For example, both American men and women expect to decide what job is best for them as individuals. Indeed, young Americans are encouraged by their families to make such independent career decisions.
What would be best for the family is not considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual.
[A] advance [B] contrast [C] equality [D] maintain [E] desire [F] extends [G] generation [H] encouraged [I] economically
美国人的家庭观
美国人将家庭看作一个群体，其主要目的是促进个体成员的幸福。其结果是，在家庭生活中，个体的需要具有优先权。与其他文化相比，美国家庭成员的主要责任既不是从社会或经济的角度推进家庭作为一个整体，也不是光宗耀祖。部分原因是美国不是一个贵族社会。家庭名誉及其荣耀不像在贵族社会那么重要，这是由美国基本的价值观决定的，即不论出身，机会均等。此外，因为美国家庭很少是自给型的，因此他们很少强调家庭作为经济实体的作用。相对而言，很少有家庭能够将其自给型家庭农场或生意延续到下一代。比如，一个农场主的儿子很可能去上大学，离开家庭农场，并在不同的地方从事完全不同的工作。
美国人对脱离外部控制的渴望明显地延伸到了家庭里。美国人不喜欢被其他家庭成员控制。他们希望独立做决定，不希
望让祖父母或者叔叔舅舅或者姑姑姨姨来告诉自己该做什么。比如，美国男人和女人都希望自己作为一个个体来决定什么工作最适合他们。的确，美国家庭鼓励年轻的美国人做这样独立的职业选择。
对家庭最好的与对个人最好的并不是同等重要的。
难句解析
1. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members.
【分析】复合句。view...as意思是“把…视为，看待”，whose 引导定语从句修饰family，advance为动词，意思是“促进，推动”。
2. In contrast to that of many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically, nor is it to bring honor to the family name.
【分析】并列句。介词短语in contrast to 作状语，nor 等否定词在句首要倒装，it 指代responsibility。nor 为并列连词。
3. What would be best for the family is not considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual.
【分析】多重复合句。句首为what 引导的主语从句，第二个what 引导的从句做be as important as 的宾语。
下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇
advance* /5d9vA:ns/ @@ v.提出(建议等)；促进；预先支付；(使) 前进n.前进；进展a.预先的；先行的【搭配】advance reasonable proposals提出合理化建议；advance him a month’s salary预支他一个月的薪水；advance with the times 与时俱进
【引申】〈同根〉advanced a.先进的
【听力例句】Through interviews and E-mails, she finds out in advance her listeners’ educational level and what information they want to know. 通过面谈和电子邮件，她会在演讲前了解她的听众的教育水平以及他们想要了解什么信息。[08.12]
同义↓
promote* /pr59m5Ut/ @@ vt.促进，增进；提升；推销(商品等)
【词根】pro(向前) ＋mot(动) ＋e →向前动→促进
【搭配】promote the cause of world peace 促进世界和平事业；try to promote good feelings (between...)设法促进(彼此之间的)好感
派生↓
promotion /pr59m5USFn/ @@ n.提升，提拔；促进，增进
【搭配】accelerated promotion 加速的晋升；the promotion of a new product 一种新商品的促销
【活用例句】Your promotion to Senior Editor is now official. 你现在正式晋升为高级编辑。
contrast /k5n9trA:st/ @@ n.对比；差异；对照；k?n?trɑ?st $ -?trAst；v.对比，对照
【联想】签合同(contract)时要对比(contrast) 不同合同文本
【搭配】in contrast to ... #09与…成对比；by contrast 相比之下
【阅读例句】Perhaps it was the extreme contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.大概正是与日本社会产生强烈反差的鼓励了美国企业重视女性顾客。[06.12]
economically /8i:k59n((e7))mIk5lI,8e-/ @@ ad.经济地，节俭地，节省地
【引申】〈同根〉economy n.经济，节俭｜economical a.经济的，节俭的，省钱的｜economic a.经济学的｜economics ▲n.经济学，经济状况
【阅读例句】Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. 政府还应该通过经济且环保的方法提供水，以便保护水资源。[01.6]
equality* /I9kw((e7))lItI/ @@ n.相等，平等
【词根】来自equal(平等的) ＋ity(表状态)
【引申】〈同根〉equal a.相等的，同样的｜equivalent a. & n.等同物(的)
【活用例句】Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity.人们还认为商业竞争有
利于加强机会均等思想。
maintain* /meIn9teIn,m5n-/ @@ vt.维持，维修；坚持，主张；赡养，负担
【词根】main(主要) ＋tain(保持)→保持大体上的完好→维持，维修
【搭配】maintain and renew the old roofs保养更新旧房子屋顶；maintain one child养活一个孩子
【引申】〈同根〉maintenance n.维修，保养；维持，保持
【阅读例句】Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.虽然有些杂志能覆盖全国的读者，但是，大部分杂志的读者群仍相对较小。[08.6]
generation* /8dZen59reISFn/ @@ n.一代
【搭配】generation gap 代沟
【听力例句】And this new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become healthier than our generation.而且这些知识也可以传到我们的下一代，让他们变得比我们这代人更健康。[01.6]
同根↓
generate* /9dZen5reIt/ @@ vt.生成，产生；引起，导致
【词根】gener(produce 生产) ＋ate(做)→生成
【搭配】generate electricity发电；generate profits产生收益
【引申】〈派生〉generator n.发电机
【活用例句】Extensive reporting on television has helped to generate interest in a wide variety of sports and activities. 由于电视上的广泛报道，使人们对各种体育运动产生了兴趣。
desire* /dI9zaI5(r)/ @@ v. & n.渴望，欲望
【联想】探险队希望(desire) 赶紧脱离这片沙漠(desert)
【搭配】desire for a higher moral standard 期待更高的道德标准；appeal to people’s desire 迎合人们的愿望
【引申】〈同根〉desirable a.值得拥有的，值得想望的
【阅读例句】They meet the natural desire for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. 书籍能满足人们对自由、表达、创造力和生命之美的自然追求。[08.12]
同义↓
appetite* /9{pItaIt/ @@ n.胃口，食欲；欲望
【联想】ap(加强)＋pet(宠物→宠爱)＋ite→宠爱的东西会勾起人的欲望→欲望
【搭配】strong appetite for knowledge 强烈的求知欲；lose / have one’s appetite没有/ 有食欲
【活用例句】A quarrel during the dinner will spoil everyone’s appetite.吃饭时争吵会破坏每个人的胃口。
extend* /Ik9stend/ @@ vt.延伸；扩展；提供vi.伸展，延伸；(在范围或应用上)达到
【词根】ex(外) ＋tend(伸)→向外伸出→扩展，延伸
【引申】〈同根〉extension n.伸展，延伸｜extensive a.广阔的，广泛的
【活用例句】The Great Wall extends as far as the Jiayu Pass.长城一直延伸到嘉峪关。/He extended his hand to the new employee. 他主动与新雇员握手。
encourage* /In9k((f6))rIdZ/ @@ vt.激励，鼓励
【联想】en(使) ＋courage(勇气)→使有勇气→鼓励
【搭配】encourage sb in sth / to do sth鼓励某人做某事；encourage independent thinking鼓励独立地思考
【引申】〈同根〉courage n.勇敢，勇气｜encouragement n.鼓励，支持〈同义〉inspire vt.鼓舞
【写作例句】The issue of whether we should encourage the development of private cars is now under heated discussion.关于我们是否应该鼓励发展私家车的问题正在热烈讨论中。
反义↓
discourage* /dIs9k((f6))rIdZ/ @@ vt.使泄气，使灰心；阻止；打消(做…的念头)
【词根】dis(消失) ＋courage(勇气)→勇气消失→使泄气
【搭配】discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
【活用例句】Doctors discourage massive doses of painkillers. 医生不赞成大量服用止痛片。
下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇
individual* /8IndI9vIdjU5l，-dZU5l/ @@ a.个人的，单独的n.个人，个体
【联想】in(不) ＋divid(看作divide 分，划分) ＋ual →不可再分的→个体
【搭配】protect individuals against stress 保护个人免受压力的侵扰；an individual way of dressing独特的穿衣方式
【完形例句】But the ignorance of history does affect our future as a democratic nation and as individuals. 但是对历史的无知确实会影响到我们民主国家以及我们个人的未来。[04.6]
regardless /rI9gA:dlIs/ @@ a.不管，不注意，不顾
【搭配】regardless of #09不顾，不考虑，不关心
【引申】〈同根〉regard n.关心，注意，尊敬v.视为，注意，和…有关｜regarding prep.关于
【听力例句】She often calls her parents regardless of the rates. 她经常给父母打电话，不管价钱有多贵。[03.1]
consider* /k5n9sId5(r)/ @@ vt.考虑；认为，把…看作；关心，考虑到
【引申】〈同根〉considerable a.相当大的，相当多的｜considerate a.为别人考虑的，体贴周到的｜consideration n.考虑，顾及｜considering prep. & ad.鉴于，就…而论
【阅读例句】You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. 你也应该考虑删除现在雇主的姓名和地址。[07.6]
relatively /9rel5tIvlI/ @@ ad.比较而言，相对而言
【引申】〈同根〉relative a.相对的｜relative to... 与…有关
【活用例句】Some people believe that imaginative kids are relatively clever. 有人相信想象力丰富的孩子比较聪明。freedom* /9fri:d5m/ @@ n.自由
【搭配】freedom of speech 言论自由；freedom of action 行动自由
【听力例句】Their prisoners are allowed freedom to visit their families. 犯人允许自由接见家人。[02.1]
同义↓
liberty* /9lIb5tI/ @@ n.自由，自由权；许可；[常pl. ] 过于随便，放肆
【词根】政府许可(liberty)他的财产(property)拥有权
【词根】liber(自由) ＋ty(名词后缀)
【搭配】at liberty 自由的，不受囚禁的
【活用例句】We have liberty to use all the library facilities.我们可以使用图书馆中所有的图书资料。
Text 3 Leisure Time in America
The popularity of home computers and “surfing the net”—seeing what is on the Internet and the World Wide Web —has brought a whole new world of leisure time activities to Americans. Some value the enormous educational opportunities it brings, while others prefer spending their time in “chat rooms”(having discussions with others “on-line”), communicating with friends or family via“E-mail,”or playing the latest computer games. Computers are also extremely popular with children and teenagers, and this of course raises questions of where they are traveling on the net or the web and what they are seeing. Now parents have to worry about monitoring the computer in addition to monitoring the TV.
Leisure time in the United States offers something for everyone；the only complaint that most Americans have is that they do not have enough of it. Americans, like people everywhere, sometimes choose recreation that just provides rest and relaxation. Watching television, going out for dinner, and visiting friends are simply enjoyable ways to pass the time. As we have seen, however, millions of Americans seek new challenges involving new forms of effort even in their leisure time. “Their reward,”states U.S. News and World Report, “Is a renewed sense of vitality, a sense of a goal conquered and confidence regained in dealing with life’s ups and downs.”
[A] leisure [B] surfing [C] prefer [D] vitality [E] recreation [F] complaint [G] conquered [H] extremely [I] enjoyable [J] monitoring [K]communicating
美国人的休闲
家庭计算机和“网上冲浪”(浏览因特网和万维网)的普及给美国人的休闲活动带来了一个全新的世界。一些人看重它带来的巨大教育机会，而另一些人则更喜欢将时间花费在“聊天室”(与其他人“在线”讨论)、与朋友或家人通过“电子邮件”交流或者玩最新的电脑游戏上面。计算机在儿童和少年中间也很流行，而这当然就会引发他们在哪里上网和在网上看什么等问题。现在家长们除了为监控电视而担心外，还不得不为监控电脑而担心。
在美国，休闲时间会给每一个人都提供点什么；大多数美国人惟一的怨言就是他们没有足够的休闲时间。与其他所有地方的人一样，美国人有时选择仅仅提供休息和放松的娱乐。看电视、外出就餐和拜访朋友只是令人愉快的消磨时间的方式。但是，正如我们所看到的，数百万的美国人即便在他们的闲暇时间里也寻求新的挑战，这些挑战都需要新形式的努力。“它们的回报，”美国新闻和世界报道说，“是活力的恢复，一种在应付人生沉浮中征服目标和重建信心的感觉。”
难句解析
1. The popularity of home computers and “surfing the net”—seeing what is on the Internet and the World Wide Web —has brought a whole new world of leisure time activities to Americans.
【分析】复合句。介词短语of home computers and“surfing the net”为后置定语，修饰popularity，seeing... 作伴随状语，其中what 引导的从句作宾语。
2. Computers are also extremely popular with children and teenagers, and this of course raises questions of where they are traveling on the net or the web and what they are seeing.
【分析】并列复合句。第二个分句中where 和what 引导的从句都作questions of 的宾语，其中on the net or the web 作状语。
3. As we have seen, however, millions of Americans seek new challenges involving new forms of effort even in their leisure time. 【分析】复合句。其中as 作连词引导让步状语从句，主句中involving 为现在分词作定语后置，说明challenges 的内容。
下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇
surf /s((ae)):f/ @@ n.海浪vi.做冲浪运动vt.在…冲浪
【搭配】the sound of surf breaking on the beach 激浪拍岸的声音；go surfing 冲浪；surf the net浏览网络
【引申】〈同义〉wave n.波浪；挥动vt.向…挥手(或东西)示意vi.挥手示意
【写作例句】Surfing the Internet enables people to get informed of the world.网上冲浪使人们更多地了解这个世界。leisure /9leZ5(r)/ @@ n.空闲时间，闲暇；悠闲
【联想】lei(音似：累) ＋sure(确定)→确定不累→悠闲
【搭配】leisure time(= spare time)闲暇时间；at leisure 有空，闲暇时
【阅读例句】While enriching their imagination, books widen their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly. 在丰富读者想象力的同时，书籍还能扩大人们的视野，培养发现事实的态度，并让他们适度地运用休闲。
[08.12]
prefer* /prI9f((ae)):(r)/ @@ vt.更喜欢，宁愿
【联想】p＋refer(查阅)→宁愿查阅也不愿动脑
【搭配】prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事；prefer sth to sth 喜欢某物更甚于某物；prefer doing sth to doing sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事；prefer to do sth rather than (to) do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
【听力例句】Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food. 美国人更喜欢国外的食品而不是他自己国家的。[06.6]
派生↓
preference /9prefFr5ns/ @@ n.偏爱，喜爱；优先权；偏爱的事物(或人)
【搭配】in preference to不是…而是；give preference to (= give priority to) 优先考虑；express a preference for sb 偏爱某人【引申】〈同根〉preferential a.优先的，特惠的｜preferable a.更可取的，更好的，更优越的
communicate* /k59mju:nIkeIt/ @@ vi.交流，交际；通讯；相通vt.传达，传播；传染
【词根】com(共同) ＋muni(服务) ＋cate(使)→互相服务→交流
【搭配】communicate with sb 与某人通话(沟通)；communicate through dirty water 通过不干净的水传播
【引申】〈同根〉communication n.交流；通讯
【阅读例句】Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day.电台为广告商提供一种能与听众全天候交流的途径。[08.6]
extremely /Ik9stri:mlI/ @@ ad.极端地，非常地
【引申】〈同根〉extreme a.尽头的，极端的〈同义〉stiff ad.极其，非常a.不灵活的，艰难的
【完形例句】Brain imaging studies suggest that the time from thoughts to the building of speech is extremely fast, only 0.04 seconds! 大脑成像研究显示从思维到言语的组织时间很短，只有0.04秒。[06.12]
monitor* /9m((e7))nIt5(r)/ @@ vt.监听，监视n.班长；(计算机)显示器
【词根】mon(警告) ＋itor(表人)→给警告的物或人→班长；监视器
【搭配】monitor all of the car’s movements监控汽车的一切运动
【引申】〈同义〉listen in 收听，监听
【阅读例句】People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. 健康的人注重营养和运动，他们强调监测身体状况的重要性。[06.12]
complaint* /k5m9pleInt/ @@ n.抱怨，诉苦；投诉，控告；疾病
【词根】来自complain(抱怨) ＋t，类似的转化有：constrain( v.强迫)→constraint ( n. )；restrain( v.抑制)→restraint ( n. ) 【搭配】complaints from customers 顾客的投诉；a formal complaint 正式控告；have no grounds for one’s complaint 没有理由抱怨；a skin complaint 皮肤病；take one’s complaint 投诉；抱怨
【阅读例句】Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. 顾客也可以通过向零售商投诉来改善以后的购物经历，而不是向全世界其他的人抱怨。
[08.12]
recreation /8rekrI9eISFn/ @@ n.消遣，娱乐活动
【词根】re(再) ＋creat(e)(制造) ＋ion →为了再产生活力→娱乐活动
【引申】〈同义〉amusement n.娱乐，消遣｜enjoyment n.享乐，快乐｜entertainment n.娱乐，娱乐表演｜pastime n.消遣
【写作例句】All work and no play make Jack a dull boy. This saying informs us of the importance of keeping a good balance between work and recreation.只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。这句谚语告诉我们：在工作与娱乐之间保持平衡是很必要的。
enjoyable* /In9dZ((e7))I5bl/ @@ a.使人快乐的，有乐趣的
【引申】〈同根〉enjoy vt.享受，喜爱，享有〈同义〉merry a.快乐的，愉快的
【活用例句】Prof. Smith excels at making his lectures more enjoyable with multi-media educational facilities. 史密斯教授在借助多媒体教具增添讲座趣味性方面的确胜人一筹。
vitality /vaI9t{lItI/ @@ n.活力，生命力
【词根】来自vital (有生命的) ＋ity (表状态)
【引申】〈同根〉vital a.充满生机的；生死攸关的〈同义〉energy n.精力，活力｜vigor n.精力，活力
【活用例句】Young people are full of vigour and vitality, like the sun at eight or nine in the morning. 青年人朝气蓬勃, 好像早晨八、九点钟的太阳。
conquer* /9k((e7))((ce))k5(r)/ @@ vt.攻克，征服；破除，克服
【联想】歌手那英《征服》专辑的英文名即为Conquer
【引申】〈同根〉conqueror n.征服者｜conquest n.攻克，征服〈同义〉crush vt.镇压，制服｜defeat vt.击败，战胜｜overwhelm vt.使不知所措；征服
【活用例句】Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered.有的国家可能被打败，但决不能被征服。
下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇
chat / tS{t/ @@ vi. & n.闲谈，聊天
【联想】戴着帽子(hat)在聊天(chat)
【听力例句】We know all the people in the village and have plenty of time to stop and chat.我们认识村子里所有的人并且有足够的时间驻足聊天。[03.6]
discussion* /dI9sk((f6))SFn/ @@ n.讨论，谈论
【搭配】have a discussion with sb 与某人进行讨论；a discussion abou t... 关于…的讨论
【引申】〈同义〉negotiation ▲n.谈判, 协商
【活用例句】What he said just now had little to do with the question under discussion.他刚才说的话与正在讨论的问题毫不相干。
via* /9vaI5/ @@ prep.经由，经过，通过
【活用例句】We flew home via Dubai.我们乘飞机经迪拜回国。/ I heard about the sale via Jane. 我从简那里听说了这次大减价。/ The news programme came to us via satellite. 新闻节目是通过卫星传送到我们这里来的。
addition* /59dISFn/ @@ n.增加的人(或物)；增加，加法
【搭配】an addition to a family 这家新添的一口人；learn addition and subtraction 学习加减法；in addition to还，另外，除了…之外
【引申】〈同根〉additional a.添加的，额外的，另外的
【完形例句】In addition, advertising can influence consumers’moods which, in turn, are capable of influencing consumers’reactions to products.另外，广告也可以影响消费者的情绪，反过来，消费者的情绪可以影响他们对商品的反应。[07.12] offer* /9((e7))f5(r)/ @@ vt.提供，提出；表示愿意(做)；提议n.提供(物)
【搭配】offer international sample of foods提供国际性样式的食品；offer help提供帮助
【听力例句】Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. 而那往往意味着用其他市政机构提供的服务与民众搞好关系，如学校，医院，住房建设，戒毒中心等等。[08.12]
同义↓
volunteer* /8v((e7))l5n9tI5(r)/ @@ n.志愿者；志愿兵vt.自愿(做)；自愿提供vi.自愿
【词根】volunt(意志，意愿) ＋eer(…人)→自愿做者→志愿者
【活用例句】At present, a lot of university students have volunteered to work in poor mountain areas for social practice.现在许多大学生自愿到贫困山区进行社会实践。
relaxation /8ri:l{k9seISFn/ @@ n.放松
【引申】〈同根〉relax v. (使)松弛，放松
【阅读例句】The agent then developed a campaign that focus on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors.代理商掀起一场运动，这场运动以西部户外旅行的自由、消遣、放松和享乐的感受为主题。[00.1]
pass* /pA:s/ @@ vt.传递；度过；通过vi.向前行进；转移；消失n.通行证；通道
【搭配】pass away去世；pass by (sb’s door)从(某人的门)旁走过，经过；pass (sb) off as (a doctor)充作，把(某人)看作(医生)，被当作；pass(the message)on(to her mother) 传授，(把口信)带给(他母亲)；pass out昏倒，失去知觉；pass over (the details)对(细节)不加考虑；pass up (a chance)放过(机会)，放弃
【活用例句】The old man passed away peacefully.老人安详地去世了。/ Pass the book on to me when you’ve finished with it.那本书你看完给我。
renew /rI9nju:/ @@ v. (使)更新，恢复；重新开始，继续；延长(…的)有效期
【搭配】with renewed strength体力已得到恢复的；renew a lease使租约延期
【引申】〈同义〉resume v.重新开始，继续，恢复
【活用例句】The book is overdue. You’ll have to renew it. 书已过期，你得续借。
同义↓
restore /rI9stO:(r)/ @@ vt.恢复；修复；归还
【联想】re(一再) ＋store(储存)→身体一再储备能量才能恢复
【阅读例句】In many cases, a victim’s losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community.许多情况下，受害者不仅仅损失钱财，为了恢复他在公众中的名誉，他还要承受巨大的额外的财政费用。[07.6]
Text 4 The Structure of American Family
What is the typical American family like? If Americans are asked to name the members of their families, family structure becomes clear. Married American adults will name their husband or wife and their children, if they have any, as their “immediate family”. If they mention their father, mother, sisters, or brothers, they will define them as separate units, usually living in separate households. Aunts, uncles, cousins and grandparents are considered “extended family.”
The structure of the American family has undergone enormous changes since the 1950s. Traditionally, the American family has been a nuclear family, consistin g of a husband, wife, and their children, living in a house or an apartment. Grandparents rarely live in the same home with their married sons and daughters, and uncles and aunts almost never do.
In the 1950s, 70 percent of American households were the “classic”American family —husband, wife, and two children. The father was the “breadwinner”(the one who earned the money to support the family), the mother was a “homemaker”(the one who took care of the children and did not work outside the home), and they had two children under the age of 18. If you say the word “family”to Americans, this is probably the picture that comes to their minds.
Yet, in reality, in the 1990s, only 8 percent of American households consist of a working father, a stay-at-home mother, and two children under 18. An additional 18 percent of households consist of two parents who are both working and one or more children under the age of 18 living at home. That means that a total of only 26 percent of households in the United States consist of two parents and their children. The remaining households consist of the following: 30 percent are married couples without children；8 percent are single parents and their children；11 percent are unmarried couples and others living together. And, perhaps most startling, in 25 percent of the households, there is someone living alone.
[A] classic [B] couples [C] mention [D] remaining [E] immediate [F] support [G] households [H] typical [I] nuclear [J] reality [K] startling [L] undergone
家庭结构
典型的美国家庭是什么样子呢?如果要求美国人列举出他们的家庭成员，他们的家庭结构就一目了然了。已婚的美国成年人列举他们的丈夫或者妻子，如果有的话，还包括他们的孩子为他们的“至亲”。如果提到他们的父亲、母亲和兄弟姐妹，他们会将这些人定义为独立的单位，通常他们居住在各自的家中。姨婶、叔伯、堂兄弟姐妹和祖父母被认为是“大家庭的成员”。
自从20 世纪50 年代以来，美国家庭的结构经历了巨大的变化。传统上，美国家庭是核心家庭，由居住在一栋房子里或一幢公寓里的丈夫、妻子和他们的孩子组成。祖父母很少与他们已婚的子女住在一起，叔伯姨姑几乎从来都不与他们住在一起。
在20 世纪50 年代，70％的美国家庭都是“标准的”美国家庭——丈夫、妻子和两个孩子。父亲是“养家糊口的人”(挣钱养家的人)，母亲是“家庭主妇”(照顾孩子且不出门工作的人)，并且他们有两个小于18 岁的孩子。如果你和美国人说起“家庭”这一词，这可能就是呈现在他们头脑中的图像。
然而，在20 世纪90 年代，事实上只有8％的美国家庭由一个上班的父亲、一个呆在家里的母亲和两个小于18 岁的孩子组成。另外18％的家庭由两个都上班的家长，以及一个或多个小于18岁的孩子组成。这就意味着在美国一共只有26％的家庭由两个家长和他们的孩子组成。其余的家庭组成如下：30％的家庭是没有孩子的已婚夫妇；8％的是单身父母和他的孩子；11％的是未婚在一起的两个人和家里其他人在一起生活。可能最令人吃惊的是在25％的家庭中，竟有人是独自生活的。
难句解析
1. Traditionally, the American family has been a nuclear family, consisting of a husband, wife, and their children, living in a house or an apartment.
【分析】简单句。consisting of a husband, wife, and their children 为现在分词作后置定语，修饰a nuclear family，living in a house or an apartment也是现在分词作定语，修饰a husband, wife, and their children。
2. If you say the word “family”to Americans, this is probably the picture that comes to their minds.
【分析】复合句。if 引导条件状语从句，主句中that引导的定语从句修饰the picture，come to为固定用法，为“再度发生，再度出现”的意思。
3. An additional 18 percent of households consist of two parents who are both working and one or more children under the age of 18 living at home.
【分析】复合句。其中two parents 和one or more children 作并列宾语，who 引导定语从句修饰parents，under... 作状语修饰children，living at home 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰children。
下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇
typical* /9tIpIkl/ @@ a.典型的
【词根】来自typ(e)(类型) ＋ical(…的)→典型的
【引申】〈同缀〉共享-ical 形容词后缀→chemical a.化学的｜economical a.经济的，节约的｜medical a.医学的，医疗的｜political a.政治的，行政的｜physical a.身体的，物质的；物理的｜radical a.根本的，激进的
【写作例句】Diverse measures can be taken for college students to finance their education. Doing a part-time job is a typical example. 大学生可能通过多种方法解决自己的求学经费，兼职打工就是一个典型的例子。
近形↓
tropical /9tr((e7))pIkl/ @@ a.热带的，炎热的
【词根】trop(转) ＋ical(…的)→热得人晕头转向→炎热的
【搭配】a tropical island热带岛屿；tropical rainforest热带雨林
【活用例句】We’ve had tropical weather for the past few days.我们过去几天遇上了酷热的天气。
immediate* /I9mi:dj5t/ @@ a.立即的，马上的；直接的，最接近的
【搭配】take immediate action立即采取行动；immediate concern当务之急；immediate cause of death 直接死因
【写作例句】We are supposed to take immediate and effective actions to solve the problem of energy crisis.我们应该采取及时有效的行动来解决能源危机问题。
mention* /9menSFn/ @@ vt. & n.提及，说起
【联想】提及(mention)他的发明(invention)，他专心(attention) 听讲
【词根】ment(想，心智) ＋ion(人、物)→想到了就说→提及
【短语】not to mention 更不必说
【听力例句】There appears to be a group of non-readers that does not fit the type mentioned above.似乎有一群不读报纸的人并不属于以上提到的种类。[02.6]
household /9haUsh5Uld/ @@ n.家庭，一家人#09 a.家庭的，普通的；家喻户晓的
【构词】house(房屋) ＋hold(拥有)→拥有房屋的一家人→家庭
【搭配】household appliances家用电器；household chores家务活，家务杂事；be a household name家喻户晓
【阅读例句】They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). 他们做的家务活也多了，并且参加更多的像足球、芭蕾舞等有组织的活动。[03.6]
undergo* /8((f6))nd59g5U/ @@ vt.经历，遭受，接受
【联想】under(在…下) ＋go(走)→从下面走过→经历
【搭配】undergo a battery of test经受一系列考验；undergo security checks履行安全检查
【引申】〈同义〉experience vi.经历，体验｜suffer vt.忍受，容忍
【活用例句】Teachers should undergo mid-career training in order to facilitate their teaching theoretically as well as practically. 教师们应该接受在职培训，从而可以在理论上与实践上促进其教学。
nuclear* /9nju:klI5(r)/ @@ a.核能的，核武器的；核心的；原子核的
【搭配】nuclear energy核能；nuclear family核心家庭；nuclear waste核废料
【活用例句】The country’s nuclear capacity increased rapidly. 该国的核力量扩展迅速。
classic*/ 9kl{sIk/ @@ a. (可作)典范的；传统式样的；典雅的n.经典作品，优秀的典范；古典文学
【搭配】classic art古典艺术；a classic example典型实例；classic design古朴典雅的设计
【活用例句】Classic of Poetry is the first poetry collection to emerge in Chinese history.《诗经》是中国历史上出现的第一部诗歌总集。
support* /s59pO:t/ @@ vt.支持；支撑；供养；证实#09 n.支持；支撑；支持者
【搭配】support oneself on two sticks 拄着两根拐杖；support a government statement拥护政府声明；support three mouths 养活三口人；support an argument证实一个论点；express support for sth对某事表示支持
【引申】〈同义〉sponsor n.发起者，支持者
【听力例句】The woman started working at an early age to support her family. 那个女的很小就开始工作来帮助持家。[06.6] reality /rI9{lItI/ @@ n.事实，现实
【词根】real(真实的) ＋ity(表状态)→实际
【搭配】in reality 事实上，实际上；bring sb back to reality 使某人面对现实
【引申】〈同根〉real a.真实的；非虚构的｜realize / -ise vt.体会，明白｜realistic a.现实的〈同缀〉共享-ity 名词后缀→creativity n.创造力｜ability n.能力｜popularity n.声望，普遍｜unity n.联合，统一｜vitality n.活力，生命力
【活用例句】Millions of people live with the harsh realities of unemployment.数以百万计的人们正忍受着失业的残酷现实。remain* /rI9meIn/ @@ vi.仍然是，保持；逗留；遗留n.遗体；遗迹
【搭配】remain an indispensable source是必不可少的资料来源；remain young永葆青春
【引申】〈同义〉retain vt.保留，保持
【活用例句】To remain modest despite one’s achievements is considered a virtue in China. 尽管有成绩仍然保持谦虚在中国被看成是一种美德。
couple* /9k((f6))pl/ @@ n.一对，两三(个)，一些；夫妇，情侣#09 vt.连接，使成对
【搭配】a couple of minutes 几分钟；an elderly couple 一对老年夫妇
【活用例句】Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. 伴随着生育高峰期这代人的年长，人的寿命变长，全国的老龄人口将在未来50 年中膨胀。
startling /9stA:tlI((ce))/ @@ a.令人吃惊的
【引申】〈同根〉startle vt.使惊吓，使吃惊:a startled expression吃惊的表情
【阅读例句】A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. 此项研究的一个惊人的发现是心不在焉的行为是我们在从事熟练的事情时不可避免的风险。[03.6]
下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇
structure* /9str((f6))ktS5(r)/ @@ n.结构，构造；建筑物vt.构造，建造
【联想】在结构(structure) 建设(construct) 方面要有明确的指示(instruct)
【搭配】the structure of the building 建筑物结构；a brick structure 砖结构建筑
【活用例句】The exhibition is structured around the themes of work and leisure.展览是围绕工作与休闲的主题来布置的。traditionally ad.传统地
【引申】〈同根〉tradition n.传统｜traditional a.传统的
【阅读例句】Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders. 儿童一直在了解成年人的秘密，但是逐渐地和分阶段地：从传统上来说，我们告诉六年级学生的事不会告诉五年级学生。[03.9]
consist /k5n9sIst/ @@ v. (~of) 组成，构成；(~in) 在于，存在于
【搭配】consist of a few surface indications 由几个表面特征构成
【听力例句】The university consists of 31 self-governing colleges.剑桥包括31所自治的学院。[03.6]
同根↓
consistent /k5n9sIst5nt/ @@ a.坚持的，一贯的；一致的，符合的
【词根】来自consist(存在于) ＋ent(…的)→一直存在于的→坚持的
【活用例句】The witness’s testimony is not consistent with what he said earlier.证人的证词和之前说过的不一致。
mean* /mi:n/ @@ vt.表示…的意思；打算；意味着vi.用意a.吝啬的；卑鄙的；平均的n.平均值
【搭配】mean to do sth 打算做某事；mean doing sth意味着；be mean with money 吝啬金钱；the mean temperature during the coldest month最冷月均温
【活用例句】Her husband is very mean about money.她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。
single /9sI((ce))gl/ @@ a.单个的v.选出, 挑出
【搭配】single parent family单亲家庭；single out 选择，选出
【听力例句】The cost of a single ticket to enter the fair was 20 cents. 参加展会的门票是20美分。[07.6]
同义巧辨only, sole, single, unique
都含“单一的”、“惟一的”意思。only系常用词，指“惟一的”，含“不会再多”之意，如：This is the only one. 这是惟一的一个。sole语气比only 强，也较庄严，指“单独的”，即“一类中只有这一个”，如：my sole purpose 我惟一的目的；single指“一个”、“仅有一个”，如：a single chair in the room 屋里仅有的一把椅子；unique指“独一无二的”、“无可匹敌的”，如：He was a unique genius. 他是个无与伦比的天才。
新机考练习
Exercise 1
(Part 1)一、语篇词汇听写
The ancient whistled language of the small island of La Gomera, off the coast of Africa, has been 1 to the brink of extinction by new technology and 2. Now, a 21st-century Web company has taken on the task of saving the language by marrying history with technology. Silbo Gomero, a language used only on La Gomera Island off the coast of Morocco, sounds to the 3 ear like few other known languages. The sounds that make up this language, used 4 by the residents of the island, part of Spain’s Canary archipelago, are made by whistling, rather than by speaking. The language, which locals say was brought to the islands by African settlers many centuries ago, has been 5 by Spanish colonists over the years.
To communicate among the sparsely 6 inland hills and valleys, shepherds perfected the whistle language, which residents say can be heard and understood over distances of up to eight kilometers, compared to about 200 meters for the spoken word. With the development of new 7 like the cellular phone, the number of Silbo Gomero whistlers has declined to around 1,000. Many of the older generation of islanders fear the language, which they consider to be a cultural heirloom, may become extinct.
But the incursion of modern technology and globalization that threatens this and other endangered languages worldwide may now help to save Silbo Gomero. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8514272734.html,, a Web site based in Madrid, has 8 to teach Internet users worldwide to communicate using the languages’ unique whistles. A language is defined by UNESCO as in danger when older speakers no longer 9 younger generations. The organization says that of the world’s approximately 6,000 languages, about half are in danger. Africa is one of the richest, yet least studied continents for language diversity. UNESCO estimates that of the nearly 1,400 local languages, 250 are 10 of extinction.
1._______
2._______
3._______
4._______
5._______
6._______
7._______
8._______
9._______ 10._______
(Part 2)二、句子词汇听写
1. These people once had fame and fortune; now ______ is left to them is utter poverty.
2. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint ______ I were the one being corrected.
3. You can teach your dog its subordinate ______ by teaching it to show submission to you.
4. In ______, the document emphasizes the need to actively and steadily promote urbanization to take full advantage of the
leading role of groups of cities in driving development.
5. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture. And, if we study human culture, we find that it, ______, is modified by the environment factors of climate and geography.
三、句段选择填空
Business Continuity Planning is the way an organization can prepare for aid in disaster recovery. It is an arrangement agreed 1 in advance by management and key personnel of the steps that will be 2 to help the organization 3 should any type of disaster occur.
1.[A]to[B]upon[C]with
2.[A]taken[B]given[C]made
3. A] repair[B] replace[C] restore
In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved around the earth. An 4 7% did not know which revolved around 5 .
4.[A]added[B]extra[C]additional
5.[A]what[B]which[C]that
A series of experiments about effects of overpopulation on communities of rats were conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. His experiments show that the behavior of the rat population has 6 in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant(不正常的) behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhoun’s experiments. In large urban areas, there are abandoned children. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. Is the principal cause of these 7 overpopulation? Calhoun’s experiments suggest that it might be.
6. [A]parallels[B]contrast[C]contacts
7. [A]disorders[B]behaviors[C]demonstrations
练习答案
一、
1.【答案】driven。注意不要误写为“drill”。
2.【答案】globalization。注意globalization的拼写，也可写作globalisation。
3.【答案】untrained。注意train后的ed，以及trained与ear之间的连读。
4.【答案】solely。注意不要误写为“so late”。
5.【答案】adopted。注意adopt后的ed。
6.【答案】populated。注意populate后的ed。
7.【答案】technologies。注意此单词的拼写以及其复数形式。
8.【答案】launched a campaign。注意launched与a间的连读以及campaign的拼写。
9.【答案】pass it onto。注意pass it onto间的连读。
10.【答案】in immediate danger。注意in与immediate之间的连读、immediate与danger之间的失爆现象。
二、
1.【答案】all that。注意前后词之间的连读，句意为这些人曾经拥有名望和财富；现在他们却是极度的贫穷。
2.【答案】as if。注意as if之间的连读。
3.【答案】role。注意不要误写为“rule”，此处意为“职责”。
4.【答案】addition。注意in 和addition之间的连读，不要误写为“audition”。
5.【答案】in turn。注意不要误写为“return”。
三、
1. 选[B]。固定搭配题。所填词与前面的agreed一起，作为动词过去分词，构成后置定语修饰前面的arrangement“安排”。当表示“就某事达成一致意见”的时候要用词组agree on/upon，所以选择[B] upon。[A] agree to，表示“同意，接受”，[C] agree with表示“同意…的意见，与…一致”，这两项都表示一方同意另一方。
2. 选[A]。固定搭配题。这里的that从句修饰的是前面的steps，词组take steps构成意思是“采取措施，设法”，符合这里的语义要求，所以[A]taken是正确选项。其他两项均不能与steps构成合理搭配。
3. 选[C]。语境词汇题。空格后面的should any type of disaster occur (假如发生了灾难) 是一个虚拟语气的省略倒装条件从句，所填词应该是organization的宾语补足语。该段第一句就表明了主题：disaster recovery，所以应该选与recovery“恢复”意思最接近的[C] restore“恢复，重建”。[A] repair“修理”；[B] replace“取代”。
4. 选[C]。语境词汇题。短文第一句话说，“在2000多名被调查者中，有21％的人相信太阳围绕地球旋转”，接着第二句说“...7％的人不知道哪个围绕…转”；显然，7％的人不在21％的人之内，因此选择[C]additional“另外的”。[A]added表示“增加的”，前后两句表述的是同样的人群中持有不同观点的人分别占有的比例，因此也不能说7%是21%基础上的增加。[B]extra 表示“额外的”，原文中没有提到额外的百分比。
5. 选[B]。语法结构题。从语义上分析，所填词应该是地球与太阳中的任何一个，所以选[B]which，which与which连用表示“一个，另一个”，没有先后之分。全句意为“还有7％的人不知道太阳和地球哪个围绕哪个旋转”。选项[A]what为疑问代词，表示不知道是什么，而文章说的很清楚，不知道是太阳围绕地球转还是地球围绕太阳转，因此此处并不表示不知道是什么；[C]that为指示代词，用于指代确定的某人或某物，但句中并无此意。
6.选[A]。词义辨析题。这段话谈论鼠群行为与人类行为的关系。从下面一句就可以推知二者行为上有相似性。所以应选择[A]“相似物，类同”。选项B表示“对比”；选项[C]表示“联系，接触”，都不能清楚表达文意。句意：老鼠群落的行为反应与人类行为模式有相似之处。
7.选[A]。词义辨析题。前几句话谈的是，人和鼠在人口密度很大的情况下，会表现出同样的反常行为。接着就是该句的提问：这些反常的表现其根本原因是不是就是人口过剩造成的呢?所以应选择[A]disorders“无秩序，混乱的状况”。选项[B]表示“行为”；选项[C]表示“展示，表现”，都不能正确达意。本题选择时应注意虽然选项[B]也在谈论行为，但没有明确总结这些异常行为，没有选[A]更切合题意。