2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版
一、名词、冠词和主谓一致
真题试做
1．(2012山东高考，24)My first ______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
A．expression B．attention
C．satisfaction D．impression
2．(2011山东高考，21) Take your time —it's just ______ short distance from here to ______ restaurant.
A．不填；the B．a；the
C．the；a D．不填；a
3．(2011山东高考，34)There's a ______ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A．tradition B．balance
C．concern D．relationship
4．(2010山东高考，22)If we sit near ______ front of the bus，we'll have ______ better view.
A．不填；the B．不填；a
C．the; a D．the；the
5．(2010山东高考，33)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A．relief B．safety
C．defense D．shelter
6．(2009山东高考，25)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______ rising steadily since 1990.
A．is B．are
C．has been D．have been
考向分析
1．名词不仅是中学英语的基本词汇，也是历年高考的“常客”。高考对名词的考查往往集中在名词词义辨析、抽象名词具体化、名词作定语及名词的固定搭配等方面。
2．冠词的题目几乎每年都有一道，而且往往设两个空，以增加覆盖面和难度。高考对冠词的考查主要包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等，特别是有些题目暗含特指的意义，需要根据语境仔细体会。
3．主谓一致主要考查一些基本句型的用法。注意掌握主谓一致的三个原则，尤其是主语部分比较复杂时，要明确哪部分是真正的主语。
热点例析
考点一：名词词义辨析
同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。
【典例分析】 (2012江苏高考，21)—Can I help you with it?
—I appreciate your ______，but I can manage it myself.
A．advice B．question
C．offer D．idea
答案为C项。advice意为“建议”；question意为“问题”；offer意为“提供，提议”；idea意为“想法，主意”。根据语境看出“我可以帮忙吗？”是对方主动的提议，所以选C
项。
考点二：抽象名词具体化
抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次……的事情；一个……的人；一种……的东西”。如：
difficulty 困难→a difficulty 一件难事
surprise 惊讶→a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事
pleasure 愉快→a pleasure 一件乐事
failure 失败→a failure 一位失败者；一件失败的事
success 成功→a success 一位成功者；一件成功的事
【典例分析】 (2012山东高考，29)Being able to afford ______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the B．a；a
C．a；不填D．不填；a
答案为B项。句意：在那艰苦的岁月里能够买得起一杯饮料将会是一种安慰。drink在此句中表泛指，指“一杯或一种饮料”；comfort作“安慰，舒适”讲时，为不可数名词，但在此用a comfort表示“一件令人安慰的事物”，comfort为可数名词。故选B项。
考点三：名词作定语
名词作定语一般用单数形式，如a mountain village，stone houses；但man和woman 作定语时要随着所修饰的名词的数的变化而变化。如：a woman doctor，two women doctors。
【典例分析】 There are more ______ teachers than ______ teachers in our school.
A．man；woman B．woman；men
C．man；women D．men；women
答案为D项。名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，也应用复数形式的men和women。
考点四：名词的所有格
1．以“s”结尾的复数名词所有格只加“'”。如：
the teachers' reading-room/ten minutes' walk
2．复数为特殊变化的复数名词后加“'s”。如：
Women's Day/the Children's Palace
3．名词并列时，所有格的形式不同，其含义不同。如：
Tom and Bob's desk 汤姆和鲍勃的桌子(共有)
Tom's and Bob's desks汤姆的桌子和鲍勃的桌子(不共有)
4．双重所有格。
(1)当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词，如a/two/some/any/no等时，表示所有关系的of后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如：
a friend of my brother's/his
我弟弟的/他的一个朋友
several students of Mr.Smith's/mine
史密斯先生的/我的几个学生
(2)当of短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示一定感情色彩时，of后也用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如：
That little son of Xiao Li's/yours is really lovely.
小李的/你的那个小儿子真可爱。
This invention of the professor's/his is of great importance.
教授的/他的这项发明很重要。
【典例分析】 The ______ shoes were covered with mud，so I asked them to take them off before they got into ______ car.
A．girl's；Tom's B．girls'；Toms'
C．girls'；Tom's D．girl's；Toms'
答案为C项。根据题干后半部分的them可知第一个空应用复数的所有格girls'；第二个
空用Tom's表示“汤姆的”。
考点五：冠词的基本用法
get ______ second chance in the long jump.
A．the；the B．不填；a
C．the；a D．a；不填
答案为C项。第一个空应选定冠词特指跳高的金牌；第二个空表示“又一次机会”，不表示特指，应用不定冠词a。故选C项。
考点六：冠词的省略
1．东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：New Year's Day，Christmas，National Day，Army Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the Spring Festival，the Mid-Autumn Festival 等。
2．月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in October，on March 8等。
3．三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
4．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play the violin/the piano等。
5．表示职位、头衔的名词作补足语、同位语时不用冠词。如：
He was elected chairman.
Mr. Wang，headmaster of our school，went to Japan last week.
6．一些习惯短语不用冠词。如：at night，at first，by bus，go to bed，at table 等。
【典例分析】 (2012重庆高考，24)Sam has been appointed ______ manager of the engineering department to take ______ place of George.
A．/；/ B．the；/
C．the；the D．/；the
答案为D项。英语中表示头衔、职位的名词用作补足语或同位语时前面不加冠词，该题manager在句中作主语补足语，所以第一个空不用冠词；take the place of为固定短语，意为“代替”。句意：萨姆已被委任为工程部的经理来代替乔治。
考点七：习语中的冠词
1．有些习语中习惯用不定冠词。如：on an average，as a whole，in a hurry，make an effort，make an apology，pay a visit to等。
2．有些习语中习惯用定冠词。如：by the hour，in the distance，by the way，catch/pull/take sb.by the hand，pat/hit sb.on the head/in the face等。
3．有些习语中习惯不用冠词。如：in use，in trouble，at noon，day and night，shoulder to shoulder，at war，on duty，in fact，in order，under repair，have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.等。
4．有些习语中有无冠词意义完全不同。如：
【典例分析】 (2012课标全国高考，22)Sarah looked at ______ finished painting with ______ satisfaction.
A．不填；a B．a；the
C．the；不填D．the；a
答案为C项。第一个空应用定冠词，特指“完成的那幅画”；第二个空不用冠词，with satisfaction为固定短语，意为“满意地”。
考点八：主谓一致
主谓一致有语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个基本原则。
1．单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语要用单数。复数名词作主语时，谓语要用复数。如：
Much milk is offered to him.
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
To nod one's head means agreement.
What they said is true.
2．and和both...and...连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...连接并列主语时，谓语和靠近的主语一致。如：
Tom and Peter are both from America.
Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.
Either you or I am going to answer the question.
Not only he but also his parents have been to New York.
3．当主语后跟with，along with，together with，including，but，except加另一名词或代词时，谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。如：
Tom together with his parents is going to New York.
Many teachers，including Mr.Wang，have been to Beijing.
4．不定代词和疑问代词作主语时，一般视作单数。all，most，half等作主语时，若指不可数的东西，谓语动词用单数；若指可数的东西，谓语动词则用复数。如：Either of the shirts fits me very well.
Someone strange is asking to see you.
Who is on duty today?
Most of the people are against the plan.
Most of the earth's surface is covered with water.
5．集体名词people，cattle，police等一般作复数。family，class，team，army，government，public等作为整体看待时为单数，看作组成的成员时为复数。单复数同形的sheep，deer，means等作主语时，要根据意义确定谓语的单、复数。如：
People here are all fond of football.
Men's clothing is sold in this shop.
His family has just moved to Beijing.
Hearing the news，the whole family were very happy.
Every means has been tried.
All means have been tried.
6．“many a ＋单数名词”和“more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。
如：
Many a student has seen the film.
More than one person knows the secret.
7．and连接的主语分别被each，every，no等所修饰时，谓语用单数。如：
Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.
8．“分数或百分数＋ of ＋名词”和“the rest of /the majority of ＋名词”等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与名词的单复数保持一致。如：Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
Sixty percent of the students in our school are girls.
9．时间、重量、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语时，谓语通常用单数。如：
Ten years is quite a long time.
10．“the ＋形容词”作主语，表示一类人时谓语用复数。如：
The rich live a happy life，while the poor live a hard life.
【典例分析】 (2012湖南高考，35)All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______ damaging our health.
A．show；are B．shows；are
C．show；is D．shows；is
答案为D项。第一个空的主语为不可数名词evidence，谓语动词要用单数shows；第二个空的主语为use，谓语动词也要用单数形式。句意：所有的科学证据都表明农业中化学品日益增长的使用正损害我们的身体健康。故D项正确。
误区警示
1．名词“熟词生义”易错点
(2012福建高考，25)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well，you know，English is my ______.So it is my best choice.
A．strength B．talent
C．ability D．skill
【错混透析】A strength意为“力气，力量”，还可引申为“长处，强项”，符合句意。句意：——你为什么选择在一家国际旅行社工作？——哦，你知道，英语是我的强项。因此这是我的最佳选择。talent 意为“天赋”；ability意为“能力”；skill意为“技能”。如果不能根据具体的语境灵活理解词义，很难作出正确选择。
【解题指导】在高考试题中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本意义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的新义。
2．表泛指与特指时冠词使用的易错点
(2012四川高考，18)We are said to be living in______Information Age，______time of new discoveries and great changes.
A．an；the B．不填；the
C．不填；a D．the；a
【错混透析】D 第一个空应用the对Information Age进行特指，指的是信息时代；第二个空应用a表示泛指，a time of...意为“一个……的时代”。句意：据说我们生活在信息时代，一个拥有新的发现和巨大变化的时代。该题第一个空易误选不定冠词，第二个空易误选零冠词。
【解题指导】结合语境，当表示“一”这个数量，或表示“每一个”时，要用不定冠词；当特指某人或物、指谈话双方都知道的人或物以及指上文提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词，特别要注意有些题目中暗含特指意义，做题时要仔细揣摩。
3．独一无二的事物前冠词的易错点
We can never expect ______ bluer sky unless we create ______ less polluted world.
A．a；a B．a；the
C．the；a D．the；the
【错混透析】 A sky和world是独一无二的，所以该题易误选D项。但该题中其前面都有形容词修饰，表示会出现一个什么样的sky和world，这时前面应加不定冠词。
【解题指导】 world，earth，sun，moon，sky等世界上独一无二的事物前通常用定冠词，但前面若被形容词修饰，则需加不定冠词，表示会出现一个什么样的world，earth，sun，moon 或sky等。
4．抽象名词具体化时的冠词应用失误
It will make ______ big difference whether the opening ceremony becomes ______ success or not.
A．/；/ B．a；a
C．a；the D．a；/
【错混透析】 B make a difference为固定短语，所以第一个空应用不定冠词；第二个空也应用不定冠词，a success表示“一件成功的事情”。
【解题指导】当success，failure，pleasure，help，surprise，honour等抽象名词用作其本义时，通常不能与不定冠词连用。但是，当这些抽象名词表示具体的概念，即用来表示可数的人或事物时，可以与不定冠词连用。
5．主谓一致的易错点
(2012陕西高考，12)The basketball coach，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．were B．was
C．is D．are
【错混透析】B as well as 连接两个并列的名词作主语时，应根据其前面的名词来确定谓语动词的形式，且根据句意“比赛结束不久，教练和他的队员们由于出色的表现而接受了采访”可知动作发生在过去，故选B项。如果误认为his team是主语，则很可能误选A项。
【解题指导】遇到考查主谓一致的题目，关键是分清哪部分是真正的主语，然后根据主谓一致的三个原则作出判断。
1．(2012济南一中上期末，33) Only by seizing every possible ______ to practice can you possibly hope to improve your spoken English.
A．solution B．opportunity
C．experience D．touch
2．George was responsible for the accident because he didn't give a ______ to other drivers.
A．notice B．signal
C．symbol D．mark
3．The new school building offers easy ______ to wheelchair users.
A．solution B．method
C．access D．way
4．The lawyer advised him to drop the ______，since he stands little chance to win.
A．case B．event
C．incident D．affair
5．I'd like him to know that I don't want to be with him，but he never gets the ______.
A．message B．news
C．information D．word
6．The ______ of Jay Chow's concert made most of the audience present get wild.
A．environment B．influence
C．impression D．atmosphere
7．(2012四川自贡二诊，12) Some companies are thinking of ways to save natural ______ by making better use of the water used in the bathroom.
A．energy B．sources
C．power D．resources
8．(2012安徽蚌埠二中月考，21) His performance turned out to be ______，but he kept on trying because he knew success often comes after ______.
A．a failure；a failure B．failure；a failure
C．failure；failure D．a failure；failure
9．The party was ______ success.We sang and danced until it came to ______ end at midnight.
A．a；an B．a；the
C．the；an D．/；an
10．(2012济南一中上期末，21)— Excuse me，what can I do for you?
—Yes.I'd like to place ______ advertisement for ______ used car in your paper.
A．the；a B．an；/
C．an；a D．/；the
11．With his wise thoughts about ______ nature and the world，Confucius is a great thinker in ______ history of China.
A．不填；the B．the；the
C．不填；不填D．the；不填
12．Mrs Hanson，a housewife bent on getting ______ higher education，has been going to college，a few courses at ______ time for 7 years.
A．a；a B．不填；the
C．the；a D．不填；不填
13．Everything comes with ______ price；there is no such ______ thing as free lunch in the world.
A．a；a B．the；/
C．the；/ D．a；/
14．Every possible means ______ been tried；however，nothing can help ______ the poor child from the danger.
A．have；prevent B．has；prevent
C．has；protect D．have；protect
15．He told me that he had mailed part of the samples and that the rest ______ in a few days.
A．was following B．have followed
C．has followed D．were following
参考答案
一、名词、冠词和主谓一致
命题调研·明晰考向
真题试做
1．D 考查名词。expression意为“表达，表情”；attention意为“注意力，关心”；satisfaction意为“满意，满足”；impression意为“印象，感想”。句意：他给我的第一印象是他是一个善良体贴的年轻人。故D项正确。
2．B 考查冠词。句意：慢慢来，从这儿到旅馆只是一小段距离。distance 表示一段距离用a，如固定搭配from a distance of...；第二个空the restaurant 是两人都知道的事物，是特指。
3．A 考查名词辨析。tradition“传统，惯例”；balance“天平，平衡”；concern“关心，挂念”；relationship “关系”。句意：在我们办公室里有一个传统，有人过生日，他们就会拿蛋糕与众人分享。根据句意A项正确。
4．C 考查冠词。句意：如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，我们就会有更好的视野。表示“某空间内部的前面”时，front前要加定冠词the。have a good view意为“有好的视野，看得清楚”，是习惯搭配；此处暗含与坐在车内的其他部位相比较的含义，所以用比较级。故C项正确。
5．A 考查名词词义辨析。relief“减轻，解除，安慰”；safety“安全”；defense“防卫，防守”；shelter“避难所，庇护”。句意：那些头疼病患者将会发现服用这种药物会让头疼的症状减轻。由句意可知，A项正确。
6．C 考查主谓一致和时态。该句主语是The number，故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1990，所以应用完成时态。
创新模拟·预测演练
1．B 考查名词辨析。solution意为“解决办法”；opportunity意为“机会”；experience意为“经验，经历”；touch意为“接触”。根据句意判断应选B项，表示“抓住每一次可能的机会”。
2．B 考查名词辨析。notice意为“注意，公告，通知”；signal意为“信号”；symbol 意为“记号，象征”；mark意为“标记”。根据句意判断应选B项，表示“他没有给别的司机发出信号”。
3．C 考查名词辨析。method“方法”；way“方式，方法”；solution“解决办法”；access to sb. /sth.表示“(使用某物或者接近某人的)机会或权利，(接近或进入某地的)方法；通路”。故选C项。
4．A 考查名词辨析。句意：律师建议他放弃这个案子，因为他赢的机会很小。case意为“案例，案子”；event意为“重大事件”；incident意为“事件”；affair意为“琐事，事件”。根据句意可知应选A项。
5．A 考查名词辨析。句意：我想让他知道我不想和他在一起，但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message为习语，意为“明白，理解，领悟，知悉(某人的暗示等)”。
6．D 考查名词辨析。句意：周杰伦音乐会上的气氛让大多数听众发狂。environment意为“环境”；influence意为“影响”；impression意为“印象，感想”；atmosphere意为“大气，气氛”。根据句意可知应选D项。
7．D 考查名词辨析。energy意为“能源”；source意为“源头，根源”；power意为“电力”；resource意为“资源”。根据句意可知此处指“节省自然资源”。
8．D 考查冠词。failure意为“失败”时，为抽象名词，泛指时不用冠词，所以第二个空应用failure；failure表示“失败的事情”时，为可数名词，所以第一个空应用a failure。
9．A 考查冠词。success此处指“一件成功的事情”，为可数名词，所以第一个空应用a表示泛指；come to an end为固定短语，表示“结束”。
10．C 考查冠词。第一个空应用an表示“一则广告”；第二个空应用a表示“一辆用过的车，一辆二手车”。
11．A 考查冠词。nature表示“大自然”时，为不可数名词，前面不用冠词；第二空后的history后面有修饰成分，特指“中国历史”，所以要使用定冠词。
12．A 考查冠词。第一个空用a表示泛指；第二个空也用a，at a time是固定词组，表示“每次，一次”。所以A项正确。
13．D 考查冠词。由于everything泛指“一切东西”，所以第一个空应选不定冠词泛指“价格，代价”；第二个空不用冠词，因为no为形容词，其后的名词不再使用冠词。故选D项。
14．C 考查主谓一致和动词辨析。句意：每种可能的方法都已经尝试了，然而，没有什么能保护这个可怜的孩子不受到危险的伤害。every means是单数，所以第一个空用has；protect...from...“保护，保卫”，符合题意。
15．D 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他告诉我部分样品已经寄出，剩下的(样品)几天后寄出。从时态角度考虑，told me后面的宾语从句应用过去时，排除B、C两项；根据主谓一致的原则，the rest此处指the rest of the samples，表示复数概念，故谓语动词需用复数形式，答案为D项。
山东省2015年高考阅读表达专项训练（六） 阅读下面的短文并用英语回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。 A If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brainpower. Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effect is greater on the younger people who learn a second language. A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons (英国土著人) who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of "early bilinguals" who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density (密度)in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without _______ . But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference is. "Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language," said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. "Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible," he said. "You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas." 1. What's the best title for this passage? (Please answer within 10 words.) ______________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one ? Mastering two languages can broaden your view on the world and makes you smarter. __________________________________________________________________ 3. Please fill in the blank in the fifth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.) ________________________________________________________________ 4. Translate the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese. __________________________________________________ 5. What do you think of English learning after you reading this passage? (Please answer within 40 words.) _________________________________________________________________________ 1． A Second Language Will Improve Your Brain Power. 解析：主旨大意题。根据全文大意以及第一段第二句Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?归纳判断。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt A. ￡19. 15. B. ￡9. 18. C. ￡9. 15. 答案是C。 will James do tomorrow a TV program. a talk. a report. can we say about the woman 's generour. 's curious. 's helpful.
does the traif leave 6:30. :30. 10:30. does the wonar sRwrm car. foot. bike is the probable relationship between the speakers . and student. and patient. 第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 does the woman regret up her research. out of college. her major. is the woman interested in studying now . . . 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 is the man hotel manager. tour guide. taxi driver. is the man doing for the woman for some local foods.
高考英语必考点：考点妙解名词 典型例题 纵观近几年全国、上海、北京等地的高考试题，对名词的考查往往涉及名词作定语(如：He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.)，抽象名词具体化(如：WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!)，区分可数名词和不可数名词，根据句意选择适当的名词，某个名词在不同场合下的具体意义和一些名词构成的固定搭配。 一般来说名词主要考查： 1．可数名词复数构成的规则及不规则变化。 2．可数名词和不可数名词的判断与用法——对比。 3．名词的所有格，包括’s所有格，…of…所有格和双重所有格的用法。 4．名词作定语和名词构成的习语及用法等。 5．名词的词义辨析。 应试同分瓶颈 纵观历年来高考对名词的考查，主要体现为一个“活”字。因此要求考生平时加强关于名词基础知识的学习，如：名词的数、名词的所有格、主谓一致及一些有关名词的固定搭配。通过对比、归纳、总结等方法，记忆、理解部分知识，并将名词常考知识点梳理清楚。另外在做题时灵活使用所学的基础知识，把握重点、难点，认真审题，依据具体的语境进行分析判断。 近几年的高考题对名词的考查一般集中在名词的辨析上。所以在学习中要注意名词在特定语境中的正确使用和细微差别，另外还要注意名词和动词的搭配用法。抽象名词的具体化也应该引起重视。surprise不可数表示“惊奇”，可数为“令人惊奇的事情”；shame不可数为“羞愧”，可数为“令人羞愧的事”，除此之外还有：honour，failure，success，pleasure，pity等。 ◎命题点1 名词的数 ◎命题点2 名词的所有格及名词作定语 命题点1 名词的数 本类考题解答锦囊 名词有数的区分。在英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。有些名词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，但所表达的意义不同。我们在应试时要考虑以下几点：
名词与主谓一致 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
专题七名词与主谓一致一、考情分析 近年来对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析及并列主语的主谓一致上，其次是名词所有格、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化以及不定数量的词或词组与名词的搭配关系上。 考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况，加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查。 二、名词的数 英语中大多数可数名词都可以通过加-s或–es的方法变为复数名词。不可数名词（抽象或物质）没有复数形式，专有名词一般只有单数形式，只有少数专有名词才有复数形式。 （一）规则变化 （二）一些特殊情况 1. 合成名词变为复数时，通常把主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，将最后一部分变为复数。如： Sons-in-law, passers-by, story-tellers,housewives等
2. family, team, class, group, government, crowd, audience等作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如果看成成员，谓语动词用复数。 某些集体名词，如people, polic, youth, cattle等及clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses 作主语时，谓语用复数。若这类名词与a pair of 等词连用时，谓语动词往往用单数。 3. 单、复数同形的名词如means（方法）作主语时，应根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数。 4. 有些名词呈现了复数形式，如news,manners, politics, physics 等但并不表示复数概念。 5. 有些名词总是在使用时用其复数形式，如thanks, regards, congratulations, goods, works, tears, instructions, directions, respects 等。 6. 有些短语要求用名词复数形式. 如 make friends with shake hands with take pains to do sth. make both ends meet … （三）名词与表示数量的词或短语的搭配
2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版 六、动词的时态和语态 真题试做 1．(2012山东高考，28)After Jack had sent some emails, he ______ working on his project. A．had started B．has started C．started D．starts 2．(2011山东高考，31)When I got on the bus，I ______ I had left my wallet at home. A．was realizing B．realized C．have realized D．would realize 3．(2011山东高考，35)She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children ______ everything! A．had been eating B．had eaten C．have eaten D．have been eating 4．(2010山东高考，30)Up to now，the program ______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A．would save B．saves C．had saved D．has saved 考向分析 从历年高考试题看，涉及时态和语态的题目最多，且每年题目数量相对稳定。测试重点主要是以下几个方面： 1．注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别，如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系，正确理解时间概念，如是现在、过去还是将来，是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。 2．遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思维。 3．把语态与时态结合在一起，进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系，分清是主动还是被动。 4．考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。 热点例析 考点一：现在进行时和过去进行时的用法 1．现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作，也可表示长期或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行；过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或状态，也可表示一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。如： We are waiting for you. When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining. 2．进行时常与always/constantly/continually，frequently等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有主观色彩。如： You are always changing your mind. 3．下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。 (1)表示心理状态、情感的动词：know，realize，think，see，believe，trust，suppose，imagine，guess，agree，recognize，remember，want，need，forget，prefer，mean，understand，like，love，hate，care，mind，wish等。
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(山东卷) 英语 本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分,共12页,满分150分。考试用时120分 钟。考试结束后,将本试卷降答题卡一并交回。 注意事项: 1. 答题前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、 县区和科类填写在答题卡和试 卷规定的位置上。 2. 第I卷每小题选出答案后,用2B后,再选涂其他答案标号。 3. 第II卷必须用0.5写在试卷上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 第I卷(共105分)第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分) 将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15 B. ￡ 9.18
C. ￡答案是C。 A. Take photos C. Help the woman C. A place of living B. In a restaurant C. At home B. Watch a game C. Play basketball B. Sunday C. Monday 15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话,回答第6至7两个小题。 6. What is Sara going to do? A. Buy John a gift B. Invite John to France
高考英语名词知识点专项训练解析含答案(2) 一、选择题 1．Finding the ________ to this problem is no easy task . A．relaxation B．imagination C．invention D．solution 2．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake. A．edge B．course C．exit 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages. A．mistake B．error C．blame D．fault 5．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 6．If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill. A．sight B．scene C．look D．view 7．The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was offered a good . A．salary B．price C．service D．reason 8．Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A．instructions B．solution C．descriptions D．message 9．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 10．It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A．supply B．respect C．devotion D．arrangement 11．The building under _____for stay-at-home children will be completed in March A．contribution B．construction C．coincidence D．composition 12．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 13．Hawking owned a brilliant intellect with a deep ____ for humanity, which enabled him to overcome his terrible disease and become a famous scientist. A．aid B．concern C．glory D．basis 14．American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world. A．grammar B．vocabulary C．pronunciations D．dialects 15．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment. A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation 16．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us. A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东 卷） 英语 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分） 第一节语法和词汇知识运用（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or __________. A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 22. — Sorry I’m late. I got stuck in traffic. — _________. You’re here now. Come in and sit down. A. You are welcome B. That’s right C. I have no idea D. Never mind 23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 24. My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression 25. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. why 26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 27. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 29. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a 30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t
高考英语名词知识点专项训练及答案(1) 一、选择题 1．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us. A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake. A．edge B．course C．exit 4．Many scientists have believed that there may be a ______ of life on the Mars. A．signal B．sign C．mark D．sigh 5．Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population. A．has been raised; rise B．has been risen; raise C．has raised; rise D．has raised; rose 6．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 7．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day. A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal 8．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________. A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 9．Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A．ancestor B．origin C．belief D．custom 10．Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world. And, he regards himself as the ________ of the times. A．instructor B．expert C．favorite D．admirer 11．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment. A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation 12．The _____on his face suggested that he was extremely angry. A．impression B．sight C．appearance D．expression 13．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands 14．He wins the Nobel Prize for his outstanding _________to physics. A．contribution B．conclusion C．addition D．explanation 15．With the COVID-19 ______ quickly around the globe, the whole world are in a(n) ______ of shock. A．gathering, condition B．spreading, state C．to spread, approach D．to gather, style 16．President Donald Trump's first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress and the media, which was criticized by many as a(n) _________ from tradition.
集合名词的主谓一致 篇一：集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 1. 通常用作复数的集合名词 police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数： The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。 People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。 Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。 注goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式： Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。 All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。 3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词 family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义：Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。 Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。 The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。 It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。 注有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以： The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。 The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
山东省2015届高考一轮专题训练 完形填空 （2014山东）A There was a pet store and the owner had a parrot. One day a 11 walked in and the parrot said to the man ,“Hey you!” The man said,“What!?” The parrot said, “Your 12 is really ugly.” The man got very 13 and went to the store owner and said, “Your bird just 14 my wife.It said she was ugly.” The owner stormed over, 15 the bird, took it into the “black room,”shook it a bit, 16 out a few feathers, and said,“Don’t ever, ever say anything to 17 my customers again. You got that！！！” With that 18 he took the bird and put it back into its cage. The old bird shook out its 19 and relaxed in its cage. A couple of weeks 20 and in walked this guy and his wife again. The parrot said, “Hey you!” The guy said,“What!?” T he parrot answered, “You know that.” 11. A. group B. team C. couple D. crowd 12. A. wife B. sister C. mother D. daughter 13. A. curious B. nervous C. guilty D. angry 14. A. greeted B. puzzled C. offended D. scared 15. A. hugged B. seized C. trained D. rescued 16. A. sent B. handed C. pulled D. dug 17. A. touch B. amuse C. cheat D. embarrass 18. A. warning B. comment C. suggestion D. request 19. A. eyes B. feathers C. fur D. skin 20. A. lasted B. arrived C. appeared D. passed 【答案】11.C 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.D （2014山东）B Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family. While 21 her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a(an) 22 in medicine. At 18 she married and 23 a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a 24 . Her husband supported her decision. 25 , Canadian medical schools did not 26 women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study 27 at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to 28 her medical degree. Upon graduation, Charlotte 29 to Montreal and set up a private 30 . Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a 31 doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte 32 herself operating on damaged limbs and setting 33 bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area. But Charlotte had been practicing without a license. She had 34 a doctor’s