一.名词部分
(一).舱室、船员
1.舱室处所Compartments or Spaces
舱室
工作和设备舱室:
主机舱Main engine room
主机操纵室Main engine control room 辅机舱Auxiliary engine room
锅炉舱Boiler room
机炉舱Engine and boiler room
减速器舱Reduction gear room
舵机舱Steering gear room
通风机室Fan room
变流机室Commutator room
空调室Air-conditioner room
应急发电机室Emergency generator room 冷冻机室Refrigerator room
灭火装置室Fire control room
蓄电池室Battery room
陀螺罗经室Gyro-compass room
方位水平仪室Azimuth level room
计程仪舱Log room
导弹舱Missile room
弹药舱Magazine
深弹舱Depth charge room
弹药转运舱Ammunition lobby
声纳舱Sonacelle, sonar nacelle
机修间Workshop
电工间Electrician’s store
木工间Carpenter’s store
锚链舱Chain locker
桅屋Mast house
洗消室Decontamination room
货舱:
货舱Cargo hold
货油舱Cargo oil tank, cargo tank 集装箱舱Container hold
冷藏货舱Refrigerated cargo hold 液化天燃气舱Liquefied natural gas tank 邮件舱Mail room
行李舱Luggage room
汽车舱Vehicle hold
液舱Liquid tank
燃油舱Fuel oil tank
滑油舱Lubricating oil tank
压载水舱Ballast tank
淡水舱Fresh water tank
污水舱Bilge tank
储藏室Store, store room
帆缆间Hawser store
油漆间Paint room
粮食库Provision store
冷藏库Refrigerating chamber
其他:
首尖舱Fore peak tank
尾尖舱Aft peak tank
顶边舱:Topside tank
底边舱:Hopper tank
双层底舱Double bottom tank
翼舱Wing tank
边舱Side tank
平衡舱Heeling tank
深舱Deep tank
残油舱Sludge/oil residue tank
隔离舱Cofferdam
空舱V oid tank
处所
货物处所:Cargo spaces
货舱Cargo hold
货油舱Cargo tank
液货舱Liquid cargo tank
围壁通道Trunk
2.高级船员和船员
船长Master (商船船长正式称谓)
Captain (商船船长的尊称) 小船驾长Skipper 大付Chief officer 二付Second officer 三付Third officer
驾助Assistant officer
轮机长Chief engineer
大管轮First engineer
二管轮Second engineer
三管轮Third engineer
轮机员Engineer
轮助Assistant engineer 电机长Chief electrician
电机员Electrician
电助Assistant electrician 水手长Boatswain
付水手长Cassab
一等水手Able seaman
水手(original) seaman 实习生Apprentice
见习生Cadet
机工长Chief motorman
机工Motorman
加油Greaser
铜匠Fitter
大厨Chief cook
厨师Cook
事务长Chief steward
服务员Steward
报务主任Chief radio operator/officer 报务员Radio operator/officer
甲板部Deck department
轮机部Machinery department
(二). 轮机机械
轮机装置Machinery installations
机器处所(/机舱) Machinery space
机舱Engine room
1.操舵装置Steering gear
主操舵机Main steering gear
付操舵机Auxiliary steering gear
电动液压操舵机Electro-hydraulic steering
gear
转翼式操舵机Rotary vane steering gear 手操舵机Hand-power steering gear 蒸汽操舵机Steam steering gear
动力油缸hydraulic power cylinder 柱塞plunger
2.锅炉和受压容器Boilers and Pressure Vessels
锅炉:Boiler:
锅炉舱Boiler room
炉舱棚Boiler room casing
锅炉座Boiler bearer
主锅炉Main boiler
辅助锅炉Auxiliary boiler
燃油付锅炉Oil-fired aux. boiler
燃油废气混合式锅炉Oil-fired and exhaust gas composite boiler
水管锅炉Water tube boiler
卧式烟管锅炉Horizontal smoke tube
boiler 立式辅助锅炉Vertical auxiliary boiler
废气锅炉Exhaust gas boiler
蒸汽锅炉Steam boiler
混合式锅炉Combined boiler
立式横烟管锅炉Vertical-type horizontal
smoke tube boiler
立式竖烟管锅炉Vertical-type vertical smoke
tube boiler
热油锅炉Thermal oil heater
废气热油锅炉Exhaust gas thermal oil
boiler
Exhaust gas thermal oil
heater
筒体Cylindrical shell
管孔Tube hole
短管Tube stub
燃烧室Combustion chamber
燃烧室顶板Crown plate
顶板支梁Girder
凸形封头Dished end plate
平顶板Flat crown
烟道Boiler uptake
烟道调节器、烟气
调节挡板
Damper; Bypass damper
炉衣Insulation, lagging
汽鼓Steam drum
水鼓Water drum
联箱Header
泥箱Mud box
过热器Superheater
经济器Economizer
再热器Reheater
空气预热器Air preheater, Air heater
减温器Desuperheater
水管Water tube
烟管Smoke tube
牵条管Stay tube
上升管Riser
下降管Down comer
看火孔Peep hole, Periscope hole
吹灰器Soot blower
壳板Shell plate
管板Tube plate
端板End plate
管板水平架Horizontal shelves
炉胆Furnace
炉门Fire door
炉胆底环Ogee rings
锅炉底脚及支撑Foundations and stays
锅炉附件:Boiler mountings and
fittings
给水阀Feed check valve
给水接管Feed standpipe
给水内管Feed internal pipe
水位指示器Water level indicator 水位表Water gauge
安全阀Safety valve
截止阀Stop valve
上、下排污阀Blow-off and scum valves 压力表Pressure gauge
锅炉取样阀或旋
塞
Sampling valve or cock
空气阀Air valve/cock
过热器附件Superheater mountings
泄水阀Drain valve
温度计Thermometer
锅炉燃烧装置:Oil burning unit
压力泵Pressure pump
吸入滤器Suction filter
排出滤器Discharge filter
加热器Heater
双联滤器Duplex filter
初始升汽设施Starting-up oil fuel unit
锅炉燃烧器Boiler burner
蒸汽吹洗设施Steam purging connection 蒸汽雾化设施Steam atomizing connection 集汽包Steam receiver
供油总管Boiler manifold
速闭总阀Quick-closing master valve 声光报警Audible and visual warnings 回油系统Spill system
隔断装置Isolating device
联锁装置Interlocking arrangement
其他锅炉附件:Other mountings
主停汽阀Main steam stop valve
主蒸汽管Main steam pipe
给水管路Feed water piping
自动控制系统Auto-control system
安全系统Safety system
报警系统Alarm system
燃烧系统Oil burning system
锅炉给水泵Boiler feed pump
锅炉循环泵Boiler circulating pump
主凝水泵Main condensate pump
付凝水泵Aux. condensate pump
热交换器Heat exchanger
主冷凝器Main condenser
付冷凝器Aux. condenser
大气冷凝器Atmospheric condenser
蒸发量Evaporation rate
受热面积Heating surface
换热面积Cooling surface 点火Ignition 炉膛风压失Furnace draught loss
炉膛熄Furnace flame extinguishing
受压容器:Pressure Vessel:
筒体Cylindrical shell 封头End plate
进出口Inlet and outlet 隔离阀Stop valve
泄放设备Drain device 安全设施Safety device
空气瓶Air receiver
易熔塞Fusible plug
介质压力Medium pressure
介质工作位置Working level of medium
3.汽轮机和燃汽轮机
汽轮机Steam Turbine
高压气缸High-pressure cylinder 低压气缸Low-pressure cylinder 汽轮机管路Steam turbine piping 倒车机构Reversing gear
安全装置Safety arrangements 转子:Rotor
叶轮Disc
扭力轴Quill shaft
套环Shrink ring
动叶片Moving blade
齿形联轴器Toothed coupling
静子:Stator
汽缸Casing
隔板Diaphragm
喷嘴Nozzle
喷嘴箱Nozzle box
导向叶片Guide vane 汽缸螺栓Turbine casing bolts 汽缸底座Bed frame
轴承座Bearing seat
无损试验Non-destructive test 液压试验Hydraulic test
燃气轮机Gas turbine
涡轮机Turbine
压气机Compressor
转子Rotor
燃烧室Combustion chamber 热交换器Heat exchanger
燃油系统Fuel oil system
滑油系统Lubricating oil system 平衡试验Balance test
液压试验Hydraulic test
超速试验Overspeed test
工厂试验Shop trial
4.柴油机Diesel Engine
机舱Engine room
机舱棚Machinery casing, engine
room casing
主机Main engine
付机Auxiliary engine
机座Bedplate
机架Engine frame
贯穿螺栓Tie rod
转车机Turning gear
自由端Free end 飞轮端Fly wheel end
机件Machinery components 运动部件Moving parts
部件、零件Parts
附件Fittings, mountings
紧固件Fixture
气缸:Cylinder
A列缸组第X组 A bank No.3 cylinder unit 气缸体Cylinder block
气缸盖Cylinder cover
缸套冷却腔Cylinder jacket
缸套(衬)Cylinder liner
气缸壁Cylinder wall
活塞:Piston
活塞顶Piston crown
活塞头Piston head
活塞杆Piston rod
活塞杆填料函Piston rod stuffing box
活塞环Piston ring
活塞环槽Piston ring groove
活塞销Piston pin, gudgeon pin
活塞销轴承Piston pin bush
活塞裙边Piston skirt
耐磨环Wear ring
活塞阀Piston valve
活塞泵Piston pump
二冲程; 四冲程Two-stroke; four-stroke
上死点; 下死点Top dead centre; bottom
dead centre
曲轴:Crankshaft
曲轴轴承Crankshaft bearing
曲轴联轴器法兰Crankshaft coupling flange 曲柄箱Crankcase
曲柄箱防爆门Crankcase explosion relief
valve
曲柄、曲拐Crank
曲柄销Crankpin
曲柄臂Crankweb
曲柄箱门Crankcase door
观察孔Sight hole
曲轴箱安全阀Relief valve of crankcase
曲柄弯程Crank throw
连杆Connecting rod
连杆大端轴承Bearing at bottom end of
connecting rod;
Bottom end bearing
连杆小端轴承Bearing at top end of
connecting rod;
Top end bearing
十字头Crosshead
凸轮轴Camshaft
驱动凸轮轴的钢质大齿轮Steel gear wheel for camshaft drive
示功阀Indicator valve 气缸安全阀Safety valve 进气阀Inlet valve 排气阀Exhaust valve
摇臂Rocker arm
导板Guide
滑板Slide guide
滑块Sliding block
顶杆Push rod
燃油供给系统:Fuel (oil) supply system: 燃油增压泵Fuel oil boost pump
主供给泵Main supply pump
备用泵Standby pump
燃油过滤器Fuel oil filter
重油沉淀柜Heavy fuel oil settling tank 重油日用柜Heavy fuel oil service tank 柴油柜Diesel oil tank
分离机Centrifuge
加热器Heater
粘度调节器Viscosity regulator
压力调节阀Pressure regulating valve
三通阀Three-way valve
平衡阀Balance valve
输送泵Transfer pump
燃油喷射系统:Fuel (oil) injection system: 高压油泵(油头
阀)
Fuel oil injection pump,
injection fuel valve,
High pressure oil pump
喷射泵Injection pump
燃油喷射器(油
头)
Fuel injector
喷嘴Nozzle
止回阀Non-return valve
针阀Needle valve
正时调节阀Timing valve
溢流阀Spill valve
节流阀Throttle valve
柱塞Plunger
小(付)齿轮装置Pinion arrangement
中间轴Intermediate spindle
弹簧Spring
压紧螺母Compression nut
凸轮Cam
凸轮轴Camshaft
齿条:Rack
齿条复板Rack chord
齿条挡板Shield of rack
增压器:Supercharger
涡轮增压器Turbocharger
废气涡轮增压器Exhaust gas turbocharger
增压器蜗壳Spiral casing of the
supercharger
透平叶轮Turbine impeller
(透平增压器)废气
出口接头
Exhaust connection
涡轮端Turbine end
空压机端Air compressor end
应急鼓风机Emergency blower
蒸汽轮机Steam turbine
鼓风机:Blower
涡轮鼓风机Turbo-blower
扫气:Scavenging
横流扫气cross-flow scavenging
回流扫气loop scavenging
直流扫气uniflow scavenging
扫气口Scavenge port
扫气道Scavenge trunk
扫气防爆装置Scavenge relief device
进气口Inlet port
排气口Exhaust port
润滑系统:Lubricating (oil) system: 储油槽Oil sump
泄油柜Drain tank
滤器Filter, strainer
冷却器Cooler
液位指示器Level gauge
贮存柜Storage tank
冷却系统:Cooling system:
主机淡水冷却泵M.E. fresh water cooling
pump
备用淡水冷却泵Reverse fresh water cooling
pump
主机海水冷却泵M.E. sea water cooling
pump
备用海水冷却泵Reverse sea water cooling
pump
缸套冷却水泵Jacket cooling pump
活塞冷却水(油)系统Piston cooling system (oil/water)
油头冷却泵Fuel valve cooling pump 付机淡水冷却泵Aux. E. fresh water cooling
pump
付机海水冷却泵Aux. E. sea water cooling
pump
热交换器:Heat exchanger:
主机淡水冷却器M.E. fresh water cooler
活塞水冷却器Piston water cooler
主机油头冷却器M.E. fuel valve cooler
缸套水冷却器Jacket water cooler
付机淡水冷却器Aux. E. fresh water cooler 海水循环冷却器Sea water circulated cooler
压缩空气系统:Compressed air system:
空气压缩机Air compressor
空气瓶Air receiver
易熔塞Fusible plug
高压空气管High-pressure air pipe
空气起动阀Air starting valve
隔离止回阀Isolating non-return valve 释放阀Relief valve
空气分配器Air distributor
阻火器Flame trap
爆炸(保险)膜片Bursting disc(k)
操纵装置Control device
安全装置Safety device
调速器:Governor
机械调速器Mechanical governor
电动调速器Electric governor
速度传感装置Speed sensing arrangement 液压机构Hydraulic unit
惯性配重装置Flyweight assembly
齿轮Gear wheel
速度选择器Speed selector
油雾探测器Oil mist detector
联轴节:Coupling:
弹性Elastic coupling
挠性Flexible coupling
机械Mechanical coupling
电动Electrical coupling
液力Hydraulic coupling
液压Fluid coupling
气动Pneumatic coupling
电磁Electromagnetic coupling
离合器:Clutch
操纵手柄Control handle
手柄定位插销Set pin
支架Support
驱动机构Driving unit
传动机构Driven unit
驱动叶轮Driving impeller
传动叶轮Driven runner
传动装置Gearing arrangement 大齿轮Gearwheel
小齿轮Pinion
齿轮箱Gearbox
倒车齿轮Reversing gear
倒车齿轮箱Reversing gearbox 转动叶片Rotating vane
5.轴、轴承及螺旋桨Shaft, Bearing and Propeller
轴系Shafting
轴Shaft (指机械传动轴)
推力轴Thrust shaft
推力环Thrust collar
推力块Thrust block
中间轴Intermediate shaft
螺旋桨轴Propeller/screw shaft
尾轴Tail shaft
尾管轴Tube shaft
曲轴Crank shaft
曲轴臂Crank web
甩档,曲轴臂挠曲Crankshaft deflection
凸轮轴Camshaft
蜗杆轴Worm shaft
链轮轴Sprocket shaft
实心轴Solid shaft
空心轴Hollow shaft
轴套Shaft liner
轴衬Shaft bush
固定法兰Fixed flange
联轴节Shaft coupling
弹性联轴节Flexible coupling
液压联轴节(液压
法兰)
Fluid coupling
液力偶合器Hydraulic coupling
磨擦离合器Friction clutch
电磁离合器Electric coupling
法兰螺栓Flange bolt
键槽:Keyway
汤匙形round-ended
雪撬形sled runner
普通键槽keyed
无键keyless
尾轴管Stern tube: 铸钢与钢板焊接
式
cast steel and steel plate
welded
锻钢与钢板焊接
式
forged steel and steel plate
welded
尾轴承stern bearing:
铁梨木lignum vitae
合成橡胶synthetic rubber
塑料plastic
白合金(巴氏合
金)
white-metal
油封装置Oil gland
轴(相当于定位
肖)
Axis; spindle
下沉量Wear-down
对中Alignment
顶举系数Jack factor
偏移Sag
曲折Gap
扭转振动Torsional vibration
单节;双节Single node; Two node
共振Resonance
转速禁区范围Restricted speed range
扭转振动许用应
力
Allowable vibration stress 瞬时许用应力Allowable transient
vibration stress
轴承Bearing
主轴承Main bearing
中间轴轴承Intermediate bearing
推力轴承Thrust bearing
曲轴轴承Crank (shaft) bearing
滚柱轴承Roller bearing
滚珠轴承Ball bearing
铁梨木轴承Lignum vitae bearing
尾轴管轴承Stern tube bearing
轴瓦bush
轴承支架bearing support
轴承承窝bearing socket
轴承垫片bearing shim
轴承壳bearing shell
轴承座bearing seat (pedestal)
轴承盖bearing cap (cover)
轴承块bearing block
轴承环bearing collar (ring)
保持圈Retaining ring
螺旋桨Propeller
整体式螺旋桨Solid propeller
组合式螺旋桨Built-up propeller
可调节螺距螺旋
桨
Controllable pitch propeller 全方位式螺旋桨Directional propeller
材料material:
锰铁黄铜Manganese iron brass
高铝高强度黄铜High aluminum high
strength brass 高锰铝青铜High manganese aluminum
bronze
铸铁Cast iron
铸钢Cast steel
塑料Plastic
螺旋桨轴:Propeller shaft
(螺旋桨轴)圆锥体cone
桨殻propeller boss(hub)
螺旋桨叶片propeller blade
叶尖blade tip
导边leading edge
随边following edge
trailing edge
螺距Pitch
旋向Direction of rotating
推进器与推进器
轴的配合
Fitting of propeller to
screwshaft
螺旋桨液压装配Hydraulic fitting of
propeller
压入行程Pull-up distance
压入压力Pressing pressure:
径向压力radial pressure
轴向压力axial pressure
6.泵、阀、柜、管及舱底附件
泵Pump
泵间Pump room
泵底座Pump foundation
货油泵Cargo pump
压载泵Ballast pump
舱底泵Bilge pump
固定式潜水舱底泵Permanently-installed submersible bilge pump
增压泵Boost pump
离心泵Centrifugal pump
循环泵Circulating pump
冷却泵Cooling pump
缸套冷却水泵Cylinder jacket cooling
pump
给水泵Feed (water) pump
灌注泵Filling pump
消防泵Fire (service) pump
淡水泵Fresh water pump
燃油泵Fuel (oil) pump 燃油喷射泵Fuel injection pump
油头冷却泵Fuel valve cooling pump
日用油泵Fuel oil daily service pump 燃油驳运泵Fuel oil transfer pump
通用泵General purpose [general
service] pump
液压泵Hydraulic pump
泥桨泵Mud pump
压力泵Pressure pump
往复泵Reciprocating pump
盐水泵Salt water pump, brine
pump
海水泵Sea water pump
扫气泵Scavenging pump
污油泵Sludge pump
污物泵Sewage pump
喷淋系统泵Spray (sprinkler) pump
蒸汽泵Steam pump
清舱泵、扫舱泵Stripping pump
真空泵Vacuum pump
油舱清洗泵Tank cleaning pump
甲板清洗泵Wash deck pump
制冷剂泵Refrigerant pump
阀Valve
空气启动阀Air starting valve
给水阀Feed (check) valve
进、排气阀Inlet and exhaust valves;
air inlet and exhaust gas
valves
排气阀顶杆exhaust valve push rod
排气阀摇臂exhaust valve rocking
arm
应急舱底水吸口阀Emergency bilge suction valve
排出阀Discharge valve
舷外排出阀Overboard discharge valve 海底阀Sea inlet valve
舷旁阀Ship-side valve
舷旁截止阀Ship-side screw-down valve 锅炉排污阀Blow-off valve
止回阀Non-return valve, check
valve
截止阀Stop valve, screw down
valve
释放阀Relief valve
主停汽阀Main stop valve
遥控速闭阀Remote quick closing valve 溢流阀Spill valve
针阀Needle valve
泄水阀Draining valve
扫气阀Scavenging gas valve
油头阀Fuel oil injection valve (主机)换向阀Reversing gear valve
排气旋转阀Exhaust rotary valve
安全阀Safety valve
卫生水排出阀Sanitary discharge valve
阀箱Chest
阀杆Valve spindle
(阀杆的)导向支架Guide stanchion
阀盘Valve disc(disk)
阀盖Cover
阀瓣Valve flap
旋塞Cock 柜Tank
日用柜Service tank
沉淀柜Settling tank
贮存柜Storage tank
重力柜Gravity tank
给水柜Feed (water) tank
补给水柜Make-up tank
气缸套冷却水柜Jacket water tank
淡水冷却水的膨
胀水柜
Fresh cooling water
expansion tank
泄水收集柜Drain connecting tank
滑油净油柜Purified (lubricating) oil
tank
日用油净油柜Purified oil service tank
卫生水柜Sanitary tank
污水柜Sewage (retention) tank
污油水柜Slop tank
污油柜Sludge tank; dirty oil tank 压力柜Header tank
油池、油底壳Oil sump
漏油孔Flow hole
管系Piping
管系Piping system
管系Piping
管路Pipeline
总管Main
支管Branch pipe
(汽锅)锅管Tube
盘管Coil
水龙软管Hose
导管、输送管Duct
动力管系Machinery piping system
燃油管系Oil fuel system, fuel oil
piping
蒸汽管系Steam piping system, steam
piping
锅炉给水、排污与
凝水管系
Feed, blow-off and
condensate system
冷却水管系Cooling water system
滑油管系Lubricating oil system
液压传动管系Hydraulic transmission
piping system
热油管系Thermal oil system
甲板冲洗管Wash deck pipe
排水管Discharge pipe
空气管Air pipe
压载水管Ballast pipe
舱底水管Bilge pipe
旁通管By-pass pipe
冷却水管Cooling pipe
泄水管Drain pipe
排气管Exhaust pipe
进气管,进口管Inlet pipe
出口管Outlet pipe
逸气管Escape pipe
注入管Filling pipe
喷射管Injection /ejection pipe
分配管Distributing pipe
给水管Feed (water) pipe
测量管Sounding pipe
溢流管Overflow pipe
蒸汽管Steam pipe
加热管Heating pipe
三通管Three-way pipe
通风管、通风管道Ventilating pipe, ventilating
duct
火管Fire tube
烟管Smoke tube
蒸气加热管Steam heating coils
消防水带Fire hose
管接头Pipe connection
管件接头Pipe coupling
膨胀接头Expansion joint
管子护板Pipe guard
管子支架Pipe support
通风Ventilation
人工通风Artificial ventilation 机械通风Mechanical ventilation
强制通风Forced ventilation
自然通风Natural ventilation
动力通风Power ventilation
压力通风Pressure ventilation
进气通风Supply ventilation
排气通风Exhaust ventilation
通风管Ventilating duct, ventilating
pipe
通风筒Ventilator(详见船体)
舱底附件Bilge fittings
吸管Suction
舱底水支吸管branch bilge suction;
舱底水直通吸管direct bilge suction;
应急吸管emergency suction
泥箱
(滤网箱)
Mud box
(Strum box)
污水井Bilge well
污水沟Bilge
滤油设备Oil filtering equipment
油水分离/滤油设
备
Separating/filtering
equipment
处理装置Process unit
油份计Oil content meter
储存柜Holding tank
残油舱Oil residue (sludge) tank
焚烧炉Incinerator
标准排放接头Standard discharge
connection
残留物接收设备Reception facilities for
residues
油水分离设备Oily-water separating
equipment
7.齿轮箱、压缩机、分离器、净化器及其它装置
齿轮箱Gear Box
减速齿轮箱Reduction gear box
单级减速齿轮箱Single-reduction gear box 二级减速齿轮箱Double-reduction gear box 多级减速齿轮箱Multi-reduction gear box 同心式减速齿轮
箱
Centric reduction gear box 偏位式减速齿轮
箱
Eccentric reduction gear
box
并车减速齿轮箱Reduction gear box of
combined output of the
engines
差动式齿轮箱Differential gear box
串联式齿轮箱Tandem gear box
平行轴传动减速
齿轮箱
Parallel-axis gear box
内齿轮Annular gear
外齿轮External gear
小齿轮Pinion
大齿轮Gear wheel
主动齿轮Drive gear, driving gear
被动齿轮Driven gear
中间齿轮Cog
(防齿轮倒转的)
爪、掣子
Pawl
压缩机Compressor
空气压缩机Air compressor
空调压缩机Air-conditioning
compressor
往复式压缩机Reciprocating compressor 螺旋式压缩机Screw-type compressor
轴流式压气机Axial-flow compressor;
axial compressor
离心式压气机Centrifugal compressor
辐流式压气机Radial-flow compressor;
radial compressor
超音速压气机Supersonic compressor
高压压气机High-pressure compressor 低压压气机Low-pressure compressor
分离器Separator
空气分离器Air separator
油-气分离器Air-oil separator
气-水分离器Air-water separator
舱底水分离器Bilge water separator
燃油分离器Fuel separator
滑油分离器Lubricant separator
油分离器、分油器Oil separator
油水分离器Oily water separator
蒸汽分离器Steam separator;
vapour separator
净化器Purifier 空气净化器Air purifier
燃油净化器Fuel oil purifier
气体净化器Gas purifier
滑油净化器Lubricating oil purifier
净油器Oil purifier
蒸汽净化器Steam purifier
净水器Water purifier
净油机室Purifier room
(净油机室)油水挡
板
Drip tray
托盘Tray
操纵装置Control device
应急切断装置Emergency cutting device
遥控操纵和关断
装置
Remote operating and
shutdown device
启动及换向装置Starting and reversing gear 连锁装置Interlocking device
传动装置Driving (driven) mechanism 速闭装置Quick-closing device
安全装置Safety device
保护装置Protecting device
紧固装置Securing arrangements
测温装置Temperature measuring
device
风机Fan
制淡机Desalinator
励磁机Exciter
泥泵机Dredging engine
皮带机Belt conveyer
装船机Shiploader
冷凝器Condenser
壳管式冷凝器Shell-and-tube type
condenser
双管式冷凝器Double-pipe type condenser 蒸发器Evaporator
壳管式蒸发器Shell-and-tube type
evaporator
双管式蒸发器Double-pipe type evaporator 壳内盘管式蒸发
器
Coil-in-casing type
evaporator
蒸馏器Distiller
传感器Sensor
除霜器Defroster
燃烧器Burner
冷却器Cooler
洗涤器,洗涤塔Scrubber
减热器Desuperheater
过滤器Filter
加油器Feeder
热水器Calorifier
温度控制器Temperature controller
接触器Contactor
加热器Heater
干燥器Drier
雾化器Atomizer
蜂鸣器Buzzer
贮液器Receiver
油分计Oil content meter
盐量计Salinometer
温度计Temperature gauge,
thermometer
速度计Velocity meter
热流量计Thermal flow meter
重力计Gravity meter
液位计Level indicator
压力表Pressure gauge(meter)
流量表Flow meter(gauge)
蜗轮:Worm gear (wheel)
蜗壳V olute casing
蜗杆Worm (screw)
蜗杆轴Worm shaft
蜗杆罩Worm case (casing)
涡轮:Turbine
涡轮罩Turbine cover
叶轮:Impeller
轴流式叶轮Axial-flow impeller
离心式叶轮Centrifugal impeller
径流式叶轮Radial flow impeller
滚轮/滑轮:Pulley
偏心滑轮Eccentric pulley
张力滚轮Tension pulley
棘轮:Ratchet
制动棘轮Brake ratchet
端棘轮End ratchet
棘轮Wheel ratchet
惰轮:Idle gear, idling gear
填料Packing
橡皮填料Rubber packing
填料箱Stuff box
填料函、盖Packing gland
密封压盖Sealing gland
密封环Seal ring
密封装置Sealing arrangement
油封装置Oil gland
油封Oil seal
轴封Shaft seal
螺栓:Bolt
基座螺栓Foundation bolt
底脚(压紧)螺栓Holding down bolt
螺柱Stud
螺母Nut
螺丝Screw
螺纹Thread
弯头Elbow, bend
肖子Pintle
制动块Chock
绞链Hinge
缩节Taper joint
耳轴、耳套Trunnion
漏斗Hopper
垫圈Washer
承滴盘Saveall
平衡块Balance weight
导向环Guide ring
刹车带Brake band (lining)
磨擦片Friction block, friction disk 驱动轮Driving wheel gear
传动链Driven chain
操纵螺杆Control screw rod
板手Spanner
钢丝钳Vice
旋诺Screwdriver
2磅榔头2-pound hammer
试验机(大)testing machine
(小)testing device
特性Characteristic
特征、特点Feature
功能Function
程序、方法Procedure
过程、工序Process
工艺Workmanship
动态平衡Dynamical balance 静态平衡Static balance
扭矩Torque
拉力Tensile
应力Stress
屈服点Yield point 比重Specific gravity 粘度Viscosity
速度Velocity
额定功率Rated output
额定转速Rated speed
额定转数Rated revolution 灰份Ash content
水份Water content
流量Flow
内径Internal diameter 外径External diameter 孔(内)径Bore
半径Radius
(三).舾装Equipment and Outfits 舵Rudder
舵设备rudder arrangement 舵杆rudder stock
舵轴rudder axle
舵扇rudder quadrant
舵柄rudder tiller
舵承(舵托) rudder carrier
舵柱rudder post
舵销rudder pintle 平衡舵balanced rudder
半平衡舵semi-balanced rudder
平板舵flat plate rudder
整流舵contra guide rudder
悬挂舵spade rudder
舵角指示器rudder (angle) indicator
舵叶和舵杆的连接法兰面coupling flange surfaces of rudder & rudder stock
锚、锚链和锚机
锚: Anchor
锚泊及系泊设备anchoring and mooring
equipment
锚索anchor rope
锚杆anchor shank
锚横杆anchor stock
锚爪anchor fluke
锚冠anchor crown
锚块anchor block
销pin
锚穴板anchor recess (anchor
pocket plate)
锚灯柱anchor light post
锚钟杆anchor bell stock
有杆锚Stocked anchor 无杆锚Stockless anchor
首锚Bower anchor
尾锚Stern anchor
备用锚Spare anchor
双抓锚Double-fluked anchor
三抓锚Triple fluke anchor
大抓力锚High holding power anchor 山字锚,霍尔锚Hall’s anchor
斯贝克锚Speke anchor
重力锚Gravity anchor
海军锚Admiralty anchor
铲形抓锚Spade anchor
锚链:Chain cables
锚卸口anchor shackle
端链环end link
大链环large link
普通链环ordinary link
转环swivel
连接卸口connecting shackle 链环横档link stud
锚链舱chain locker
锚链舱出入口access
锚链舱的锚链卷
筒/锚链轮
wildcat
锚链管(直的,从
甲板到锚链舱)
chain pipe
锚链筒(斜的,从
甲板到外板)
hawse pipe
锚链筒甲板凸缘deck flange
锚链筒外板凸缘shell flange
锚链孔(防磨)唇口(hawse) bolster
锚链水阀wash chain valve/cable
washing valve
锚链冲水管hose pipe for washing
chains
锚链导槽guide bed
锚链解脱器cable reliever
止链器chain stopper
锚机:Windlass
电动锚机Electric windlass
电动液压锚机Electric-hydraulic windlass
带棘轮装置人力
锚机
Handspike windlass
蒸汽锚机Steam windlass
左绞盘port capstan
右绞盘std capstan
锚机滚筒gypsy
(四).甲板机械Deck Machinery
起货设备cargo handling gear
固定零部件permanent attachments
活动零部件loose gear
起重机:Crane
起重机的起货索 ruffing wire
hoisting wire
吊臂crane jib
基座crane pedestal
岸吊shore crane
浮吊floating crane
起重机hoist
(如:浮吊上部起重机
floating crane upper hoist) 门式起重机gantry crane
履带式起重机caterpillar crane
高架移动式起重
机(行车)
overhead travelling crane
将军柱King post
将军柱梯king post ladder
吊杆:Derrick
重型吊杆heavy derrick
吊杆derrick boom
吊杆台boom platform
吊杆搁架derrick rest 吊杆承皿derrick shoe
起货索cargo runner
起货索滑车cargo runner block
起货索滚筒cargo runner drum
稳索(定位索) preventer guy
有节定位索preventer guy with pitched
clip
定位索套筒preventer guy socket
定位索夹头holder for preventer guy
千斤索topping lift
钢丝绳steel wire rope
差动滑车(神仙葫
芦)
differential pulley
攀头eye band
攀头板eye plate
琵琶头eye splice
鹅颈gooseneck
鹅颈座gooseneck seat
鹅颈横销gooseneck horizontal pin
滑车:Block
滑车轮sheave
滑车壳shell
滑车夹板cheek
绳扣becket
上千斤滑车upper span block
下千斤滑车lower span block
双轮滑车double sheave block 单轮滑车single sheave block 起货滑车cargo block
导向滑车guide block
导索滑车leading block
起货滑车组cargo tackles
千斤索滑车组span tackles
吊货钩:Cargo hook
能转的钩子swivel hook
固定的钩子fixed hook
绞车:Winch
起货绞车cargo winch 系泊绞车mooring winch
千斤索绞车topping winch
拖缆绞车towing winch
绞车滚筒drum
卷车:Reel
钢索卷车wire reel
系缆卷车hawser reel
升降机:Elevator, hoist, lift(er) 车辆vehicle
抓斗grab
叉车fork lift, fork lift truck 拖车trailer
卡车truck, lorry
二.动词部分
缺陷defects, deficiencies
制造中缺陷defects in(during) manufacturing 潜在缺陷latent (potential 可能的) defects 金属分层lamination
金属疲劳fatigue
金属疏松porosity
空泡cavity
气孔gas cavity
疏松slag(熔渣) cavity
砂眼sand cavity
缩孔shrinkage hole
冷隔cold shuts
结疤scabs
误差error
未装not fitted
未备有not provided,not available 不齐全、不完整incomplete
不足insufficient
不足、缺少deficient
缺少short of
遗漏、省去omitted
遗漏、疏忽neglected
遗失missing, lost
冲走washed overboard
易于liable to, apt to
不便naccessible
堵塞blocked
卡住caught
封没blanked
闷塞plugged
脱出slipped out
跌落dropped (down)
失灵out of order
润滑欠佳poorly greased
badly lubricated
不润滑devoid of lubrication
不整齐untidy
杂乱in a mess
安装不正确(指小型的装置设备)
fitted incorrectly
安装不正确(指较大的装置设备)
installed incorrectly
不能工作not working
指本身不能工作,在损坏状况判断中不能工作unworkable, inoperable
不能工作,失去作用,不起作用
out of function
不能工作(失效) inoperative
不能使用(指必须换新的损坏部件)unserviceable (useless)
停止工作(作用)out of action
失效in failure
故障out of order, in trouble
功能失常malfunction
间隙过大excess clearance
齿隙过大excess backlash
噪音过大excess noise level
失圆out of roundness
拉线不直out of alignment
漏leaky
滴漏dripped
泪滴weeping
汗滴sweating
不水密non-watertight
粘、轧住stick (stuck)
使沉淀、使淤积deposited
混有mixed
沾污、污染contaminated
污染polluted
沾上、沾污stained
裂缝、裂纹cracked
发裂hair crack
穿透裂缝through crack
未穿透裂缝non-through crack
冰裂crack by icing
网状(辐射状)裂纹cracked in form of network 龟裂chapped
刺破pierced
折裂fractured
划裂punctured
断裂、破裂broken
破掉(破裂后跌落)broken off
(绳子)断裂parted
碎裂broken into pieces
撕裂torn (off)
穿洞holed
中拱hogged
中垂sagged
变形deformed
变形out of shape
成波状变形corrugated
波曲waved
呈自然波形deformed in wave condition. 皱折buckled
鼓起、凸出bulged
弯曲bent
扭曲distorted
翘曲、捲曲warped
倾斜inclined
倒塌collapsed
悬挂hanged
毁损destroyed, ruptured
挤扁pressed
压扁flattened
压碎crushed
压榨squashed
脱落disconnected
脱出detached
移位dislocated
连根拔、根除uprooted
折断(齿轮)的齿,磨掉(螺钉、螺栓)的螺纹stripped
穿透penetrated
覆盖covered
进水flooded
浸水soaked
积水accumulated
弄湿moistened, wetted
生锈rusted
锈死、咬牢seized
腐蚀corroded (eroded)
耗蚀wasted
凹痕、成麻点状pitted
槽痕(比pitted深)grooved
腐蚀成沟grooved
蚀薄(橡皮垫料等的老化)deteriorated
(绝缘层)破损deteriorated
老化aged
变薄thinned
磨损worn
磨损凹痕have traces of wearing
自然损耗in wear and tear condition
乳化emulsified
风化(如木质门)weathered (木、橡胶)腐烂、腐坏rotten
(电缆)腐烂、腐坏decayed
(橡胶、电缆)腐烂、腐坏perished
分裂(如橡皮垫料)disintegrated 拉毛(仅从反光上可观察到)scuffed
擦痕chafed
拉痕(痕较chafed深)scored
抓痕(硬拉过的痕)scratched
刮痕(长期运行刮的痕)scraped
凸起雷治痕(环状的痕)ridged
起肩、(呈有)凸肩ridged
缺口notched
断落notched off
成锯齿状serrated
锯齿形的zigzag
敲缸knocked
缠fouled, entangled, tangled
使(线等)纠结snarled
把一物放在另一物的上面、添加上superimposed
散失scattered
扭转twisted
(轴承白合金) 脱壳detached
开裂cracked
挤压squeezed
铺铅wiped
过热overheated
熔化melted
烧毁burnt
烧焦、焦痕scorched
发黑blackened
烟燻smoked, sooted
(绝缘层)擦损、(绳子)磨损frayed 脱开disengaged
超速、飞车overspeeded
振动vibrated
摆动swing(/swung)
移动moved
跳动jumped
跳动(主轴承中的曲轴)jerked
松动loose, loosened
(铆钉)松动started
滑牙loose-screwed
(接缝)松裂started
配合松动fitted loose
偏心off-centering
偏斜deflected
偏差deviated
轧煞jammed
变弱weakened
减少decreased
干扰(radio) interference 失谐detuned
抛锚、故障broken down
断开、中断broken
短路short-circuited
接地(接于船体)earthed (grounded) 漏电in a state of electric leakage, electrical fault
失电、熄灭blacked out
触电shocked
(电缆)挤压(cable) extruded
接触明火contact naked fire
走火fired
跳闸tripped
恶化worsened
断面broken section
热影响面heat affected zone
修理方法
永久性修理permanently repaired
临时性修理temporarily repaired
更正rectified
矫正、补救remedied
修理、修复、修整reconditioned
换新renewed
更换replaced (by, with)
割换cropped & renewed
部分割换partly cropped & renewed 焊接修理repaired by welding
焊接welded
堆焊built up by welding
堆铜焊后磨光
built up by brazing and then ground
批清重焊chiseled out and re-welded 就地红火校正heated & faired in place
红火校直heated & straightened
拆检overhauled
拆下removed (down)
拆送车间修理
removed to the workshop for repair
装复refitted
按原样装复
refitted as original, newly fitted as original
拆卸(某一另件)dismantled
拆散(解体)disassembled
装复re-assembled
拆除(某一部件)stripped
钻止裂孔stop hole drilled
研磨(grind) ground
拂磨fitted & ground
拂刮fitted & scraped 刮磨scraped & ground
拂合(装配好)made to fit
捻缝caulked
退火annealed
淬火hardened
热轧hot rolled
正火normalized
复补
covered with a doubler,doubled
贴补patched
修补mended
抬升、举起lifted
顶起(用千斤顶顶起)jacked
检查、核对checked
调整、校准adjusted
校中aligned
校准calibrated
镀plated
在金属外包上另一种金属,包层clad , cladding 除锈derusted
喷沙除垢de-scale by sand blast 拷铲出白chipped to bare metal (用油漆等)重新涂、再涂re-coated
消除油气gas freed
驱气purging
清舱stripping
光车
machined (on lathe车床加工)
精加工
finished, finish machining
削边edge cut
匹配matched
重浇白合金
re-metalled(重浇(巴氏)白合金re-babbitted)排放drained off
抽空pumped out, emptied 补充replenished
敲去重搪chipped and re-laid
波浪键修补metalocked
(键槽)封皮built up welds
(键槽)重开re-cut
重绕re-winded (wound) (电缆等)重新敷设re-laid
重新绘制re-drawn
浸漆varnished
烘潮baked
抛光polished
免除修理to be free from repair,
to be exempted from repair
无修理价值It is not worth repairing.
检查与试验
检查inspected, examined, checked
一般检查、总体查subjected to a general inspection (examination)
一般状况检查subjected to a general
condition inspection
外观检查、目视
检查
visual inspected (examined) 内部检查internally inspected
(examined)
外部检查externally inspected
(examined)
常规检查subjected to a routine
inspection
进一步检查further inspected, thoroughly
examined
X射线检查X-ray inspected
超声波检查subjected to ultrasonic
detection
组织检查subjected to structure
examination
吊缸检查(piston) drawn out for
inspection.
用塞规检查checked with feeler gauge
航行试验subjected to sea trial
系泊试验subjected to mooring trial
码头试验subjected to dock trial
倾斜试验inclining tested
操舵试验steering tested
运转试验running tested
倂车试验、并联运行试验parallel running tested running tested in paralleled condition
效用试验operating tested 操纵试验maneuvering tested
实效试验practical tested
调速试验governing tested
冲水试验hose tested
水压试验hydraulic tested(管子等);
water head tested (货舱等)
水密试验tested for watertightness,
watertight tested
密性试验tested for tightness
密封试验leak(age) tested
浸水试验flood(ing) tested
畅通试验blown through tested
振动试验vibration tested
结构试验structural tested
机械试验mechanical tested
性能试验performance tested
拉力试验tensile(tension)tested
破断试验breaking tested
强度试验strength tested
硬度试验hardness tested
弯曲试验bending tested
动力试验dynamic tested
动平衡试验dynamic balance tested
静态试验static tested
压力试验pressure tested
拉伸试验pulling tested
疲劳试验fatigue tested
膨胀试验expansion tested
热试验thermal tested
打冷试验cooling down tested
冷却试验cooling tested
煤油试验kerosene tested
穿孔试验drill tested
温升试验temperature-rise tested
过电流试验overcurrent tested
转矩试验excess torque tested
短路试验short-circuit tested
换向试验commutation tested
耐压试验high voltage tested
电压调整率试验voltage regulation tested
举重试验proof load tested
认可试验approval tested
安装试验tested for installation
超声波试验supersonic tested
金相试验metallographic tested
放射线照相试验radiographic tested
测爆gas free tested
着色探伤examined by dye-penetration
detection,
subjected to dye penetrant
examination
无损探伤non-destructive tested
超声波探伤ultrasonic detected
磁粉探伤magnetic particle detected
水下探摸underwater-detected
潜水员探摸detected by diver
热处理subjected to heat treatment
化学成分分析subjected to chemical
composition analysis
测厚thickness-measured, gauged 测深sounded
称重weighed
日常英语口语对话 日常英语口语汇总- 日常英语口语对话_英语日常对话汇总,最好的、最权威的、最新的日常英语口语对话汇总! 日常英语口语对话_英语日常对话、习惯语500句(高级)(之一) 1. Hold on 等一下(口语中,人们不太用wait a minute)如果两人辩论,吵架,抬杠,你要别人“打住”,可以说,hold it right there. 2. I hate his guts. 我最讨厌他。也有说I hate him guts. Guts 是肠子,相当于“恨之入骨”的意思。He doesn’t have much guts. 他是个胆小鬼。ut feeling 直觉 3. Nuts, 果仁,核,为复数时,意为“疯子”,He is nuts。他有神经病。He went nuts and killed a guy.他发疯了,结果杀了一个人。You are driving me nuts. 你真是要把我逼疯。a tough nut to crack, 一项艰巨的任务,一个难解之题 4. How is everything? (还好吗?) I am just stuck in a rut, doing the same things every day. I wish I could do something different. (烦死了,每天都是干同样的活,我真想换个活法。) rut 日常的,每天都如此,get in a rut,日复一日,天天如此 5. I have totally sold out to your idea. 我100%地赞同赞同你的意见。类似的话还有If you are not careful enough, you will buy into his bad idea. 如果你不小心的话,你就会采纳他的这馊主意。 6. I am just ecstatic about going to visit you soon. 马上要见你,我高兴死了。
Lesson 39 Maritime Labour Convention 2006 Text The Maritime Labour Convention(MLC2006)was adopted by ILO in February2006,which provides comprehensive rights and protection at work for the world’s more than 1.2 million seafarers. Regulation 2.3-Hours of work and hours of rest. Purpose:To ensure that seafarers have regulated hours of work or hours of rest. 1.Each Member shall ensure that the hours of work or hours of rest for seafarers are regulated. 2.Each Member shall establish maximum hours of work or minimum hours of work rest over given periods that are consistent with the provisions in the Code. Standard A 2.3-Hours of work and hours of rest 1.For the purpose of this Standard,the term: (a)hours of work means time during which seafarers are required to do work on account of the ship ; (b)Hours of rest means time outside hours of work ;this term does not include short breaks. 2.Each Member shall within the limits set out in paragraphs 5 to 8 of this Standard fix either a maximum number of hours of work which shall not be exceeded in a given period of time ,or a minimum number of hours
专业词汇Special Terms 第一部分柴油机 Diesel Engine 二冲程船用柴油机 two stroke marine diesel engine 四冲程船用柴油机 four stroke marine diesel engine 高(中,低)速柴油机 high(medium,lower)speed engine 气缸 cylinder 气缸盖 cylinder cover(cylinder head) 苏尔寿发动机 Sulzer engine B&W型发动机 Burmeister and Wain engine 哥塔维根型发动机 Gotaverken engine 曼恩型发动机 M.A.N.engine V型发动机 V-type engine 直流扫气式发动机 uniflow scavenging type engine 回流扫气式发动机 loop flow scavenging type engine 横流扫气式发动机 crow-flow scavenging type
engine 十字头式发动机 crosshead engine 筒形活塞式发动机 trunk-ppiston engine 涡轮增压式发动机 turbocharge engine 固定部件 fixed parts 耐磨部件 wear parts 运动部件 moving parts 互换部件 interchangeable parts 气缸套 cylinder liner 示功阀 indicator cock(indicator valve) 安全阀 safety valve 气缸启动阀cylinder air starting valve 缸套顶圈 head ring for cylinder liner 排气阀 exhaust valve 进气阀 air inlet valve(suction valve) 气阀传动机构 valve driving mechanism 顶杆 tapper rod 推杆 push rod
英语聊天常用语100句 1. How are you doing? 你好吗? 2. I'm doing great. 我过得很好。 3. What's up? 出什么事了/你在忙些什么/怎么了? 4. Nothing special. 没什么特别的。 5. Hi. Long time no see. 嗨,好久不见了。 6. So far so good. 到目前为止,一切都好。 7. Things couldn't be better. 一切顺利。 8. How about yourself? 你自己呢? 9. Today is a great day. 今天是个好日子。 10. Are you making progress? 有进展吗? 11. May I have your name, please? 请问尊姓大名? 12. I've heard so much about you. 久仰大名。 13. I hope you're enjoying your staying here. 希望你在这里过得愉快。 14. Let's get together again. 改天再聚聚。 15. That's a great idea! 好主意! 16. Please say hello to your mother for me. 请代我向你母亲问好。 17. I'm glad to have met you. 很高兴遇到你。 18. Don't forget us. 别忘了我们。 19. Keep in touch. 保持联系。 20. I had a wonderful time here. 我在这里度过了难忘的时光。 21. Have a nice weekend. 周末愉快。 22. Same to you. 彼此彼此。 23. Nice talking to you. 很高兴与你聊天。 24. Take care of yourself. 自己当心/照顾好你自己。 25. Thank you for everything. 谢谢你的多方关照/你为我所做的一切。 26. Thank you all for coming. 谢谢光临。 27. I appreciate your help. 我感谢你的帮助。 28. You're always welcome. 别客气/不用谢 29. Forget it. 算了吧 30. It was my pleasure. 不用谢。 31. I made a mistake. 我弄错了。 32. I'm terribly sorry. 实在抱歉。 33. I must apologize! 我必须道歉! 34. I feel terrible. 我感觉糟透了。 35. It's not your fault. 那不是你的错。 36. Sorry to bother /have bothered you. 抱歉,打扰一下/打扰你了。 37. What do you do? 你做什么工作? 38. How do you like your new job? 你觉得你的新工作怎样? 39. I like it a lot. 我很喜欢。 40. I like reading and listening to music. 我喜欢阅读和欣赏音乐。 41. What's wrong? 怎么回事?
研究生英语系列教材上第9单元 A 篇参考译文 住房危机走向郊区 在过去的五年里;弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯县的住房价格增长速度是家庭收入增长速度的12倍。今天,该县中等家庭不得不将其收入的54%用于购买位于该县的普通住房;在2000这个数字是26%。形势如此严峻,以至于费尔法克斯县最近开始对年收入90,000美元的家庭提供住房补贴;很快,这个数字可能提高到I10,000美元。 1. 富兰克林·罗斯福总统曾经说经济大萧条造成1/3的美国人住房简陋、衣衫楼兰、营养不良,然而70午后的今天,美国人却是穿着考究、营养日益过剩。但是,廉价房稀缺是一场日益加深的民族危机,而不仅仅是依靠福利为生的城市家庭的危机。这个问题己经波及中产阶级,并向郊区蔓延,在那里服务工作者及其家属挤在过于狭小的公寓里,大学毕业生不得不借宿在父母家,而消防队员、警察和教师在他们所服务的社区也买不起房。 2.住房拥有率接近历史最高位,但有房户和无房户之间的差距越来越大,有房子离工作单位80英里远的有房户之间的差距也越来越大。现在,1/3的美国人花费至少30%的收人用于住房,联邦政府将这种情况定义为"无力支付"的负担,而有一半的穷打工仔花费至少50%的收人用于租房,这种情况被称为"极其严重"的负担。在过去
10午里,房地产迅猛发展,这使得在此之前就已经购置房产的美国人大赚特赚了一把,但现在廉价房对中、低收人的美国人来说,是一个比税收、社会保险、汽油价、格更严重的问题。 3美国曾经非常关注廉价房间题。1934午和1937午,罗斯福签署了住房立法,提供抵押贷款、攻府公寓,并为那些穷困潦倒的工人提供建筑工作。1949午,国会树立了官方目标---- "让每一个美国家庭都能拥有一个体面的家和宜居环境,"而到了1974年,尼克松总统开始对数以百万计的低收入租户在私有住房方面提供租金补贴凭单。半个世纪以来,在华盛顿发生的大多数住房方面的辩论都围绕着一个主题:即应该在多大程度上扩大联邦政府的资助。 4. 但在过去20年中,唯一的联邦住房新提案就是H0P VI,也就是克林顿政府拆毁80,000单位的最羞公共住房,重建混合收人寓所来取而代之。该计划己经拆除了大部分高度危险的房子,它们曾使公共住房声名狼藉,并己重建了一些城市的社区。但是它更多的是把享有补贴的公寓房夷为平地而不是取而代之。 5.总的来说,自90年代初以来,接受联邦援助的家庭数己经降到最低,尽管人口不断增加,预算不断膨胀。美国国会已经拒绝了美国总统布什提出的大部分的削减计划,但几乎没有讨论过增加计划;廉价房的倡导者花费的大部分时间都被用于努力争取保持现状。 6.而现状真是很艰难。今天,有450万低收人家庭享受联邦住房救助,还有3倍于此的家庭符合被救助资格,却拿不到救助。费尔法克斯县有12,000户家庭在排队轮候4,000套救助公寓。"这太宝贵了,
北极星电力 中国电力联盟 孤独不孤 5854210 zzw19890219 豆丁 5854210 汽轮机英语词汇 TURBINE VOCABULARY I Power station电站 1. power station电站 2. power plant电站,发电设备 3. utility电力部门 4.independent power producer (IPP)独立发电项目,独立发电站 5.nuclear power station核电站 6. thermal power station火电站 7. fossil (fired) power plant化石燃料电站,常规火电站 8. combined heat power (CHP) plant热电联供机组 9. steam power plant蒸汽电站,蒸汽发电设备 10. cogeneration power station热电联供电站 11. coal fired power plant燃煤电站 12. oil fired power plant燃油电站 13. gas filed power plant燃气电站 14. LNG power plant (liquefied natural gas)燃液化天然气电站 15. BoP (balance of plant)电站辅机 16. I&C (instrumentation and control)仪表和控制系统 II Turbine透平,涡轮 17. Turbine透平,涡轮 18. steam turbine汽轮机 19. gas turbine燃气轮机 20. nuclear turbine核电汽轮机 21. fossil turbine火电汽轮机
1 Nice to see you again.(很高兴再次见到你) 2 How are u doing(你好吗?回答通常是:i'm doing great.couldn't be better.) 3 Nice to meet u.(很高兴见到你,尤其初次见面的人常用) 4 I'd like u to meet my friend ~~~~~(偶想让你见见偶的朋友~~~但是注意哦,不要引狼入室) 5 This is my friend ~~~~ and this is ~~~~~(同上) 6 I'm a new comer, so could u pls help me(偶是新驴,请多关照) 7 What a nice day.(天气真好) 8 Nice day, isn't it(天气很好,不是吗?) 9 It will take us one hour to get to the top of the mountain.(the foot of the mountain)(我们要花一个小时到那山顶山脚) 10 where are u from(你从哪儿来?) 11 How can I reach u (偶怎么样和你联系哩?各位gg注意,这句很有用哦) 12 May I have ur mobile phone number pls(你能告诉偶你的手机号吗?) 13 Have we met somewhere before(偶们以前见过吗?嘿嘿,不是都知道这是给gg们准备的,不过要看清楚mm身后有没有人) 14 U can depend on me.(偶让你依靠,让你靠,没什么大不了) !5 I'll try my best to help u.(偶会尽力保护你的) 16 you can make it!(你可以做到的,鼓励新驴时可以用哦)
轮机英语听力会话评估教材分析与教学策略 发表时间:2018-01-17T11:16:54.007Z 来源:《教育学文摘》2018年1月总第252期作者:林红[导读] 对第四版轮机英语听力与会话教材和教学策略进行分析。以评估规范为突破口,分析学生现存问题,探讨更好地引导教学与复习的有效方法,进而学以致用,扎实提高课堂教学质量,实现轮机英语听力与会话教学整体持续提升。林红青岛远洋船员职业学院外语系山东青岛266000 摘要:本文根据中国海事局颁布的《海船船员适任评估大纲》,对第四版轮机英语听力与会话教材和教学策略进行分析。以评估规范为突破口,分析学生现存问题,探讨更好地引导教学与复习的有效方法,进而学以致用,扎实提高课堂教学质量,实现轮机英语听力与会话教学整体持续提升。 关键词:轮机英语听力与会话教材教学策略为提高轮机英语教学质量,提高学生的轮机英语听说能力,根据中国海事局颁布的《海船船员适任评估大纲》,作为二三管轮,他们应当具备必要的会话能力。因此,合理分析教材,实施有效的会话教学是达到评估大纲的基本。 一、评估规范考查内容 综观第三版与第四版的轮机英语听力与会话的总体特征,大家不难看出主导方向不变,题型没有改变,适任评估规范没有变动,试题范围稍有变化,试题主要对学生的考查体现在关注知识理解和应用基础上,重点关注轮机英语的听说能力。对教师而言,考查“过程与方法”教学,实现有效地引领教学方向的作用。适任评估内容主要包括:公共英语、机舱日常业务、与驾驶台联系、应急情况下的用语、对外业务联系用语、PSC/ISM检查用语六章65个节点的考查内容。 二、教材考查分析 中国海事服务中心组织编审的第四版轮机英语听力与会话,围绕着《海船船员适任评估大纲》设计,细化了每一章节考题,具体表现为将每一章节由一部分的听力训练改为听说训练,划分为客观题题源训练和主观题题源训练两部分。其中轮机英语听力与会话适任评估教材由第三版的2043题变为第四版2120题,第四版轮机英语听力与会话共增加了206题,具体表现为单句减少了46题,对话增加了210题,短文增加了176题。根据第四版轮机英语听力与会话可以看出,除了PSC/ISM检查的短文保持32篇不变之外,其余各章节均有不同程度的增减,公共英语减少题数为84题,除去第三版词汇图片题129题,第一章公共英语部分统计为单句减少2题,对话增加31题,短文增加16篇。机舱日常业务增加题数为最多,共计153,其中单句减少21题,对话增加94题,短文增加80篇。与驾驶台联系题数增加为46题,其中单句减少5题,对话增加23题,短文增加28篇。应急情况下用语增加19题,其中单句增加4题,对话增加35题,短文减少12篇。对外业务联系增加77题,其中单句增加5题,对话增加40题,短文增加32篇。PSC/ISM检查减少32题,其中单句减少19题,对话减少13题,短文维持不变。 三、目前教学存在问题 客观分析,一是试题图中信息含量增加。学生的听辨和思维能力跟不上,导致学情达不到考题高度。二是听力评估中的语速保持不一致,增加的新题语速偏快。在一定程度上,增加了学生的辨音难度。综合上述分析,我们轮机英语听力与会话教学需要关注下列问题: 1.学生英语基础薄弱,词汇量少 听说是轮机工程学生进入远洋海上生活的必备技能。现如今学生由于词汇量有限,无法自行甄别可用于区分不同题目并方便辩识、记忆的关键词,对题目的理解与记忆形成了很大的障碍。从学生失分较多的题目看,学生听题不准确、对题干要求不注意,获取有效语言信息能力不足。 2.学生缺乏良好的学风,自我控制能力差 学生的自我约束力较差,有部分学生把主要精力放在休闲娱乐上,影响了正常的学习、生活。 四、轮机英语听力与会话教学策略 众所周知,轮机英语听力与会话适任评估主基调是固定试题,突出的是听力训练和口语表达为主。第四版的口语评估试题中,许多知识点反复考查,但试题承载考查的方法都是变化的应用,既有形式上的创新,也有本质上的突破。那么,面对英语听力与口语评估,我们应该如何实施教学策略?我认为可以从两个方面展开: 1.确定内容。以课程理念内容为思维、方法和能力方面的指导,以大纲为教与学的标准,以轮机英语听力与会话为教学基础,按以下几个方面选择复习: (1)分析判断、概括归纳和说明原理:加工处理从图和有关资料中获取的各种信息,分析、比较、判断、归纳形成结论。 (2)应用的能力:能将书本知识、原理等运用到口语评估中,进行解释和解答的能力。在不同的模块中去迁移,以达到能够解决英语听说中的困难。 2.实施策略 (1)立足大纲,明确评估考试方向。《中华人民共和国海船船员适任评估规范》涉及课程内容的共有65条,对适任评估规范最好是逐条进行专题性落实。透彻适任评估规范,会使我们教学目标更精准,教学方法更合理,课堂更加和谐与高效。 (2)立足学情,整合教材和资源。我们应该根据学生的实际状况,对教材以及其他教学资源进行整合。 (3)有效讲练,提高综合素养。讲练是密不可分的两个部分。平时讲练是为了学生学会、理解。复习时讲练是为了学生应用和提升。这其间切实都渗透着学生综合素质的提升。有些教学内容不能都拓展,但是尽量做到讲后必练。我的有效方法是就原题讲,同时归纳相关试题。同时要引导学生拓展思维,学会方法迁移,引导学生由学习课本知识原理,转变为让知识在实践情境中的运用,而不是死记硬背教材原有知识以及原有知识的生搬硬套。
和宝宝交流的日常英语对话|日常英语对话常用句子 英语对话教学能激发和保持学生学习英语的兴趣,为学生提供充分的语言交际实践的机会,能培养学生的交际能力,使学生敢于大胆开口说英语,达到学以致用的目的,使得英语课堂教学更精彩。小编精心收集了和宝宝交流的日常英语对话,供大家欣赏学习!和宝宝交流的日常英语对话1 Costa: So you’re saying that if we eat vegetables,we’ll be healthy? Coco: Yup! Can’t wait to eat them. Mimi: Here. If you’re hungry,have some oranges. Costa: oranges? Costa: They’re not vegetables. Costa: I will only eat vegetables. Mimi: Fruits are very good,too. Costa: Have some oranges. Coco:Are you still cooking? Coco: I’m hungry. I’ll eat this. Mimi: You shouldn’t eat raw onions. Mimi: You should cook that first. Coco: I don’t care. Coco: I’m so hungry right now! Mimi: See? Mimi: I told you that you should cook it first! Coco: Ahhh! Help me!! 科斯达:所以你的意思是说,如果我们常吃蔬菜,我们将会很健康吗? 可可:是啊!等不及吃它们了。 咪咪:这里。如果你们饿了,吃一些橙子。 科斯达:橙子? 科斯达:他们不是蔬菜。 科斯达:我只会吃蔬菜。 咪咪:水果也非常好。 咪咪:吃一些橙子。 可可:你还要继续做饭吗? 可可:我饿了。我先吃这个。 咪咪:你不应该生吃洋葱。 咪咪:你应该先煮熟。 可可:我不在乎。 可可:我太饿了! 咪咪:看到了吗? 咪咪:我告诉你,你应该先煮熟了! 可可:唉唉!救救我!和宝宝交流的日常英语对话2 Mimi: Try this ice cream. Mimi: It melts in my mouth. Mimi: It is so sweet and yummy. Mimi: I’m happy with my cake.
第一课 船用柴油机是怎样工作的 柴油机是一种内燃机,通过把燃油喷入高温高压的燃烧室而发火。船用柴油机是一种在船上使用的柴油机。其工作原理如下: 一定量的新鲜空气被吸入或泵入汽缸并被运动的活塞压缩至很高的压力。空气被压缩时,温度升高,便点燃喷入汽缸的油雾。燃油的燃烧增加了缸内空气的热量,使空气膨胀并迫使发动机活塞对曲轴做功,随之驱动螺旋桨。两次喷油期间的运转过程叫一个工作循环。它由一些程序固定的过程组成。这个循环可在两个行程或四个行程内完成。四冲程柴油机的工作循环需四个独立的活塞行程,即吸气,压缩,膨胀和排气。如果我们把吸气和排气行程与压缩和膨胀行程结合起来,四冲程柴油机就变成了二冲程柴油机,如图1(a)~ (b)所示。 A 扫气 B 压缩 C 喷油 D 排气 二冲程循环从活塞离开其行程底部,即下止点(BDC)向上运行开始,气缸侧面的进气口即扫气口是打开的[图1(a)],排气口也是打开的。经压缩的新鲜空气充入气缸,通过排气口将上一行程的残气吹出。 当活塞上行至其行程的1/5时,关闭进,排气口,随后空气在活塞上行中被压缩[图1(b)]。当活塞上行到行程底部,即上止点(TDC)时空气的压力和温度都上升到很高的数值。此时喷油器把很细的油雾喷入灼热的空气中,燃烧开始,在气体中产生更高的压力。 随着高压气体的膨胀,活塞被推动下行[图1(c)]直到它打开排气口,燃烧过的气体开始排出[图1(d)],活塞继续下行直到它打开进气口,另一个循环开始。 在二冲程柴油机中,曲轴转一周产生一个动力行程,即做功行程;而在四冲程柴油机中,曲轴转两周才产生一个动力行程。这就是为什么从理论上说二冲程柴油机能产生相同尺寸的四冲程柴油机的两倍功率。然而,扫气不充分和其他损失使这一优势降到大约1。8倍。 在船上,每种柴油机都有他的应用。低速(即90~120 r/min)主推进柴油机以二冲程工作。在此低速时,机桨间不需减速箱。四冲程柴油机(通常以中速运转,转速在250~750r/min)用于发电机,并且有时作推进主机,用减速箱提供90~120 r/min的速度。 阅读材料译文 工作循环 柴油机可设计成以二冲程循环或四冲程循环工作,二者解释如下: 四冲程循环 图2示出了典型的两转四冲程循环的过程。该图通常从上止点(TDC,发火)开始绘制,从上止点(TDC,扫气)开始解释。上止点又叫内止点。 沿该图顺时针看,开始时进,排气阀都是打开的(所有现代四冲程柴油机均有气阀机构)。如果柴油机是自然换气或带有径流增压气的小型高速机,气阀的重叠时间,即两气阀同时开启的时间将很短。排气阀将在上止点后(ATDC)10o左右关闭。 推进柴油机和绝大多数1000r/min以下运转的辅助发电柴油机几乎都采用涡轮增压,并设计成在这一时刻让大量的扫气空气贯穿流动以控制适当的叶片温度。在这种情况下,排气阀将保持开启直至上止点后50~60o关闭。随着活塞在其吸气行程向外或下止点下行,它将吸入大量新鲜空气。为使吸入空气量达到最大,并补偿因阀落座造成的开启量减少或吸气惯性作用,进气阀保持开启,直到下止点后大约25~30o(145~155oBTDC)。这一过程称之为进气阀关闭。充入的空气然后被上行的活塞压缩至大约550oC。依柴油机的型号和转速而定,大约在10o~20oBTDC,喷油器喷入精细雾化的燃油。喷入的燃油在2~7o内着火(也依机型而定),活塞在膨胀行程下行,在30~50o的期间内燃烧。活塞的运动通常有利于诱导空气助燃。
船舶英语 目录 一.职位及工种 (Titles and type of work) (1) 二、柴油机类 (Words about diesel engine) (3) 三、船舶机械类 (Words about marine machinery) ·· 11 四、阀门(Words about valve) (14) 五、泵类(Words about pump) (16) 六、甲板机械类(Deck machinery) (18) 七、工具类(Word about tools) (20) 八、常用物料(Material in common use) 26 九、常用紧固件 (Part of fixation in common use) (28) 十、常用油类(Oil in common use) (28) 十一、常用量词 (Quantifier in common use) (29) 十二、国家名称(Name of country) 。 30 十三、常用缩语 (abbreviation in common use) (31) 十四、船用动态常用单词(marine tends word) 32 十五、船舶机电设备操作词汇 (manipulate of marine equipment) ·33 十六、故障常用单词 (words about malfunction) (35) 十七、保养检修常用词汇 (Words about maintain and examination) 38 十八、常用数字(Numeral in common use) 40 十九、时间、季节与方向 (Time、Season and Direction) (42) 二十常用词组(Phrases in common use)·45 二十一、常用动词和例句 (Verb in common use and example) (48) 二十二、问候和常用表达语 (Greeting and common expression) (67) 二十三、主机提交过程用语 (Delivery expressions for main engine) 68 二十四、空压机和空气系统用语 (Air compressor and Air system) (75) 二十五、锅炉提交用语 (Delivery expressions for boiler) (77) 二十六、锚绞车提交过程用语(Delivery expressions for anchor windlass) 79 二十七、舵机提交过程用语 (Steering gear delivering) (87) 二十八、付机提交过程用语 (Delivery expression for A/E) (91) 二十九、救生艇提交过程用语 (Delivery expressions for lifeboat) ··92 三十、其他提交项目 (Delivery expressions for other items) (95) 三十一、甲板机械系泊试验 (Mooring test for deck machinery) (96) 三十二、机舱设备系泊试验 (Mooring test for the equipment in E/R) (98) 三十三、谈论故障常用语 (Expressions for trouble) (100) 三十四、谈论检修常用语 (Expressions for overhaul) (101) 三十五、谈论试验和检验 (Talking about test & check) (103) 三十六、谈论技术要求 (Talking about technology required) (105) 一.职位及工种(Titles and type of work) 1.船长 Captain 2.大副 Chief officer 3.二副 Second officer 4.三副 Third officer 5.四副 Fourth officer 6.水手长 Boatswain 7.水手 Sailor & Seaman 8.木匠 Carpenter 9.轮机长 Chief engineer 10.大管轮 Second engineer 11.二管轮 Third engineer 12.三管轮 Fourth engineer 13.机匠长 Chief motorman 15.机匠 Fitter 16.加油工 Oil man 17.大电 Chief electrician 18.电工 Electrician 19.车间主任 Workshop director 20.工长 Section chief 21.班长 Fore man 22.钳工 Fitter 23.主管工程师 Engineer in charge 24.机务&船东 Superintendent &Super &Owner 25.助理工程师 Assistant engineer 26.验船师(机)Register 27.验船师(船)Surveyor 28.油漆工 Painter 29.焊工 Welder 30.大橱 Chief cook 31.物料员 Store keeper 32.加油工 Oiler 33.机工 Mechanic 34.甲板员 Deck man 35.电线工 Wireman 36.外包工 Laborer 37.铸工 Molder 38.管子工 Pipe fitter 39.起重工 Crane operator 二、柴油机类(Words about diesel engine) 1.主机 Main engine 2.二冲程柴油机 Two-stroke diesel engine 3.四冲程柴油机 Fore-stroke diesel engine 4.高速柴油机 High speed diesel engine 5.中速柴油机 Middle speed diesel engine 6.低速柴油机 Low speed diesel engine 7.气缸盖(缸头) Cylinder head 8.安全阀 Safety valve 9.释放阀 Relief valve 10.示功阀 Indicator valve 11.示功考克 Indicator cock 12.空气起动阀 Air starting valve 13.起动空气分配器 Air starting distributor 14.油头(燃油喷射器) Fuel injector 15.排气阀 Exhaust valve 16.气缸套 Cylinder liner 17.冷却水套 Cooling water jacket 18.气缸注油器 Cylinder lubricator 19.活塞 Piston 20.活塞头 Piston crown 21.活塞裙 Piston skirt 22.活塞销 Piston gudgeon pin 24.活塞杆 Piston rod 25.活塞环 Piston ring 26.活塞环槽 Piston ring groove 27.压缩环 (气环) Compression ring 28.刮油环 (油环) Oil scraper ring 29.减磨令 Wear ring (copper ring) 30.伸缩管(水拉管) Telescopic pipe 31.活塞冷却空间 Piston cooling space 32.填料箱(函) Stuffing box 33.填料箱密封环Sealing ring for Stuffing box 34.填料箱压缩环 Pressure ring for Stuffing box 35.填料箱刮油环Scraper ring for Stuffing box 36.扫气箱 Scavenging receiver 37.扫气口 Scavenging port 38.排气口 Exhaust port 39.十字头 Cross head 40.十字头销 Crosshead pin 41.十字头轴承 Crosshead bearing 42.十字头滑块 Crosshead slipper 43.滑块 Guide shoe 44.十字头导板 Crosshead guide plate 45.连杆 Connecting rod 46.连杆大端轴承 Bid end bearing 47.连杆小端轴承 Small end bearing 48.曲柄轴承 Crank bearing 49.曲柄销 Crank pin 50.曲轴 Crank shaft 51.曲轴颈 Crank journal 52.曲柄臂 Crank web 53.拐档差 Crank deflection 54.主轴承 Main bearing 55.主轴颈 Main journal 56.轴承瓦 Bearing bush 57.上轴瓦 Upper bearing bush 58.上轴瓦 Upper half 59.下轴瓦 Lower bearing bush 60.下轴瓦 Lower half 61.推力轴承 Thrust bearing 62.推力块 Thrust pad 63.推力盘 Thrust disc 64.推力轴 Thrust shaft 65.底座 Bed plate 66.机架 Frame 67.曲柄箱 Crank case 68.曲柄箱导门 Crank case door 69.曲柄箱防爆门 Explosion-proof Crank case. 70.定时齿轮 Timing gear 71.飞轮 Flying wheel 72.凸轮 Cam 73.凸轮轴 Cam shaft 74.喷油凸轮 Fuel injection cam 75.链条 Chain 76.链条轮 Chain wheel 77.链条箱 Chain box 78.推杆 Push rod 79.摇臂 Rocker arm 80.排气阀 Exhaust valve 81.吸气阀 Suction valve 82.排气总管 Exhaust manifold 83.进气总管 Air inlet manifold 84.高压燃油管 High pressure fuel pipe 85.活塞冷却水管 Piston cooling water pipe 86.法兰 Flange 87.贯穿螺栓 Tie bolt (tie rod) 89.滑油泵 Lubricating oil pump 90.燃油泵 Fuel oil pump 91.滑油泵齿轮 Gear for lubricating oil pump 92.燃油泵齿轮 Gear for fuel oil pump 93.叶轮 Impeller 94.柱塞 Plunger 95.导杆 Guide rod 96.导套 Sleeve 97.滚动轴承 Ball bearing 98.滑动轴承 Sliding bearing 99.推力滚动轴承Thrust ball bearing 100.推力面 Thrust surface (thrust side) 101.盘车机 Turning gear 102.增压器 Turbocharger 103.涡轮机(透平) Turbine 104.涡轮 Turbine wheel 105.涡轮叶片 Turbine blade 106.喷嘴 Nozzle 107.废气叶轮 Exhaust impeller 108.废气叶轮片 Exhaust blade 109.废气端 Exhaust side 110.透平端 Turbine side 111.转子轴 Rotor shaft 112.油泵 L.O.pump 113.换向装置 Reversing device 114.换向伺服期 Reversing servomotor 115.压气机(鼓风机) Blower 116.膨胀接 Expansion joint 117.调速器 governor 118.飞重 Flying weight 119.补偿阀 Compensate valve 120.针阀 Needle valve 121.开口销 Cotter pin 122.轴封 Shaft seal 123.机械密封 Machinery seal 4
轮机英语词汇 1、pump 泵 ①Supply pump供给泵②transfer pump 输送泵 ③circulating pump 循环泵④bilge pump 舱底水泵 ⑤ballast pump 压载水泵 1、tank ①drain tank 泄放柜②service tank 日用柜 ③settling tank沉淀柜④storage tank 储存柜 ⑤circulating tank 循环柜⑥used oil tank 废油柜 ⑦buffer tank 缓冲柜⑧overflow tank 溢流柜 ⑨Collecting tank 收集柜⑩expansion water tank 膨胀水箱 2、water ①sea water (S.W.) 海水②fresh water (F.W.)淡水 ③operating water 工作水④sanitary water 卫生水 ⑤washing water冲洗水⑥refilling water 再注水 ⑦feed water给水⑧condensate water 冷凝水 ⑨bilge water 舱底水⑩sewage污水 2、oil ①fuel oil (F.O.) 燃油②lubricating oil (L.O.) 滑油 ③engine oil 机油④cylinder oil 气缸油 ⑤diesel oil (D.O.) 柴油⑥turbine oil 透平油 ⑦cool oil 冷却油⑧seal oil 密封油 3、temperature (temp) 温度 4、flow 流量 5、pressure(press)压力 6、power 功率 10、level 液位 11、vibration 振动 12、normal/abnormal 正常/异常 13、main/auxiliary (aux.) 主要/辅助的 14、inlet/exhaust 进气/排气 15、fire alarm 火警 16、fail/failure 故障 17、overload 过载 18、no-voltage 失电 19、leak/leakage 泄漏 20、wrong-way 错向 21、insulation(insul) 绝缘 22、oil mist 油雾 23、viscosity 粘度 24、density 浓度 25、salinity 盐度 26、oil content 油含量
英语网络聊天常用语 1.Hi, there. 嗨, 你好. 首先来谈谈在网路上聊天的基本大原则. 网上聊天凡事要简单. 打字的速度远不若说话的速度快, 所以能简写的简称的就要去简化. 2. A/S/L? 年龄/性别/所在地? 如果你是第一次跟老美聊天, 他们通常都会先问你 A/S/L ? 有些人更懒, 直接打 asl? 意思虽然完全一样, 但是如果你之前没看过这样的用法, 很难猜出 asl 是什麼意思. 回答的方式也很简单, 假设有个美眉今 年芳龄十八, 家住芝加哥 (Chicago) 则她可以回答, 18/ f / Chicago 如果你不会用 a/s/l ? 这种问法, 而分开问, How old are you?.(你多大了?) Boy or girl? (男的女的?) Where are you from? (从哪里来?) 那麼就违反了网路上要言简意该的大原则, 这样很快就会露出马脚, 让别人听出你不是跟他们 一伙的. 3. S‘up? 什么事? What‘s up?是老美彼此之间常用的一种打招呼方式. 但时下美国的青少年喜欢把What‘s up? =S‘up?因为他们觉得这样子很酷.六人行(Friends) 中就有这么一段: Joey 為了要演一个十九岁的青少年, 他就故意耍酷说, S‘up? 相信这个星期有看 Friends 的人都有印 象才对. 网路上常看到的写法则是sup?; 第一次看到sup? 我的第一个反应是 sup 是 supper (晚餐)的简写, 害我还以為人家问我吃过晚餐了没? 其实不是, sup? 只是一种打招呼的方式而已, 通常你可以 简单地回答, Not much." 或是 & Nothing much." 就行啦! 4. Lol. 很好笑. Lol 就是 laugh out loud 的简写, 就是「很好笑, 让我笑得很大声」的意思通常是放在句尾来加强语气, 例如, I got my butt kicked by an eight-year-old boy..... lol. (我被一个八岁的小男孩干掉了.... 真好笑). 其实这是我个人惨痛的经验, 网路游戏居然玩不过一个八岁的小男孩? 5.ill I‘ll 有些人就直接打 ill. 6. k OK的简称. 7.coz Because 简略为 coz 8.rdy rdy是ready的缩写. 9. 4= for 10. BRB = be right back 11. lil = little 12. l8r = later (l+eight+r) 13. KIT= keep in touch 14. ASAP= as soon as possible 15. talkin‘ = talking 16. r = are 17. zm = zone message; 常用句: 1 Nice to see you again.(很高兴再次见到你) 2 How are u doing(你好吗?回答通常是:im doing great.couldnt be better.) 3 Nice to meet u.(很高兴见到你,尤其初次见面的人常用) 4 Id like u to meet my friend ~~~~~(偶想让你见见偶的朋友~~~但是注意哦,不要引狼入室) 5 This is my friend ~~~~ and this is ~~~~~(同上) 6 Im a new comer, so could u pls help me(偶是新驴,请多关照) 7 What a nice day.(天气真好) 8 Nice day, isnt it(天气很好,不是吗?) 9 It will take us one hour to get to the top of the mountain.(the foot of the mountain)(我们要花一个小时到那山顶山脚) 10 where are u from(你从哪儿来?)11 How can I reach u (偶怎么样和你联系哩?各位gg注意,这句很有用哦) 12 May I have ur mobile phone number pls(你能告诉偶你的手机号吗?) 13 Have we met somewhere before (偶们以前见过吗?嘿嘿,不是都知道这是给gg们准备的,不过要看清楚mm身后有没有人) 14 U can depend on me.(偶让你依靠,让你靠,没什么大不了) !5 Ill try my best to help u.(偶会尽力保护你的) 16 you can make it!(你可以做到的,鼓励新驴时可以用哦) 17 trust me , im a nice guy.(相信偶,偶是一个好人) 18 Ill follow u (偶就跟着你了) 19 Just follow me.(你就跟着偶吧) 20 Its a long story.(一言难尽,嘿嘿,;老驴告诉新驴上次的冒险经历,或第101次求婚还是失败的故事时可以一脸沧桑的用这个句子哦)21 Can I go somewhere(偶可以去嘘嘘吗?嘿嘿,这句有用吧) 22 Come on ,u can do it !(来吧,你可以做到的。鼓励新驴用语) 23 Pls sing us a song.(请给偶们唱首歌吧) 24 U are so charming.(mm你好漂亮。迷人) 25 U are the right girlboy Im looking for.(你就是偶要找的人) 26 here we are.(偶们到了) 27 thank u so much.(谢谢) 28 you are welcome.(不客气) 29 dont mention it.(区区小事何足挂齿) 30 it was nothing (同上) --------------------------------------------------------------- 讚揚别人的句子: 1 You did a good job.(你做的太棒了,对新驴的鼓励) 2 You look great today.(你今天看起来真是精神) 3 Im really