2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国I卷）
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19. 15.
B. ￡9. 18.
C. ￡9. 15.
答案是C。
1.What will James do tomorrow?
A.Watch a TV program.
B. Give a talk.
C. Write a report.
2.What can we say about the woman?
A.She’s generous.
B. She’s curious.
C. She’s helpful.
3.When does the train leave?
A.At 6:30.
B. At 8:30.
C. At 10:30.
4.How does the woman go to work?
A.By car.
B. On foot.
C. By bike.
5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Classmates.
B.Teacher and student.
C. Doctor and patient.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman regret?
A. Giving up her research.
B. Dropping out of college.
C. Changing her major.
7. What is the woman interested in studying now?
A. Ecology.
B. Education.
C. Chemistry.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man?
A. A hotel manager.
B. A tour guide.
C. A taxi driver.
9. What is the man doing for the woman?
A. Looking for some local foods.
B. Showing her around the seaside.
C. Offering information about a hotel.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In an office.
B. At home.
C. At a restaurant.
11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?
A. Go to a concert.
B. Visit a friend.
C. Work extra hours.
12. Who is Alice going to call?
A. Mike.
B. Joan.
C. Catherine.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why does the woman meet the man?
A. To look at an apartment.
B. To deliver some furniture.
C. To have a meal together.
14. What does the woman like about the carpet?
A. Its color.
B. Its design.
C. Its quality.
15. What does the man say about the kitchen?
A. It’s a good size.
B. It’s newly painted.
C. It’s adequately equipped.
16. What will the woman probably do next?
A. Go downtown.
B. Talk with her friend.
C. Make payment.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?
A. Movie fans.
B. News reporters.
C. College students.
18. When did the speaker take English classes?
A. Before he left his hometown.
B. After he came to America.
C. When he was 15 years old.
19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?
A. He’s proud.
B. He’s sympathetic.
C. He’s grateful.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. How education shaped his life.
B. How his language skills improved.
C. How he managed his business well.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,
D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people.
B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums.
D. Enjoy interesting stories.
23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps.
B. Cameras.
C. Meals.
D. Safety lights.
B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion (一份), bur Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”
The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a tight budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef
D. Cooking Well for Less
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past
few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They developed very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were closely connected.
29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Complex.
B. Advanced.
C. Powerful.
D. Modern.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A. About 6,800.
B. About 3,400.
C. About 2,400.
D. About 1,200.
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
D
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly.
B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home.
D. They go out of style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV.
B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.
D. The desktop computer.
35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them.
B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.
D. Recycle them.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color
choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
A.While all of them are useful
B.Whatever you’re looking for
C.If you’re experimenting with a color
D.Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E.It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free”course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.
41.A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42.A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
43.A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
44.A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor
45.A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant
46.A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest
47.A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat
48.A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job
49.A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible
50.A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation
55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised
56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill
57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments
58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control
59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate
60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括:
1.到达时间；
2.合适的礼物；
3.餐桌礼仪。
注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国I卷）
英语试题参考答案
第一部分听力
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. C 10. C
11. A 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C
16. B 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. A
第二部分阅读理解
21. A 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C
26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B
31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A
36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G 40. F
第三部分语言知识运用
41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. D
46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. B
51. C 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A
56. D 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. A 61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that/which 67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic
70. it/running
第四部分写作
第一节
During my last winter holiday, I went to∧countryside with my father
the
to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went
found
there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another
other animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house
there
to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond∧which they raised chickens in或where fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I
selling felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my happy
father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
and
第二节（略）
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结東后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题15分，满分7．5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例： How much is the shirt？ A. ￡19.15 B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15 1. What does John find difficult in learning German? A. Pronunciation. B. Vocabulary. C. Grammar. 2. What is probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleague B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bank. B. At a ticket office. C. On a train. 4. What are the speakers talking about? A. A restaurant. B. A street. C. A dish. 5. What does the woman think of her interview? A. It was tough. B. It was interesting. C. It was successful. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题 6. When will Judy go to a party? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 7. What will Max do next? A. Fly a kite. B. Read a magazine. C. Do his homework. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题 8. What does the man suggest doing at first? A. Going to a concert. B. Watching a move. C. Playing a computer game. 9. What do the speakers decide to do? A. Visit Mike. B. Go boating. C. Take a walk. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题 10. Which color do cats see better than humans? A. Red. B. Green. C. Blue. 11. Why do cats bring dead birds home? A. To eat them in a safe place.
2018年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国卷Ⅱ) 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分） 听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What does John find difficult in learning German？ A．Pronunciation．B．Vocabulary．C．Grammar． 2．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ A．Colleagues．B．Brother and sister．C．Teacher and student．3．Where does the conversation probably take place？ A．In a bank．B．At a ticket office．C．On a train． 4．What are the speakers talking about？ A．A restaurant． B．A street． C．A dish． 5．What does the woman think of her interview？ A．It was tough． B．It was interesting．C．It was successful． 第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．When will Judy go to a party？ A．On Monday．B．On Tuesday．C．On Wednesday． 7．What will Max do next？ A．Fly a kite．B．Read a magazine．C．Do his homework． 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 文科数学 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目 要求的。 1．已知集合{}02A =，，{}21012B =--，，，，，则A B =I A ．{}02， B ．{}12， C ．{}0 D ．{}21012--，， ，， 2．设1i 2i 1i z -= ++，则z = A ．0 B ．12 C ．1 D ．2 3．某地区经过一年的新农村建设，农村的经济收入增加了一倍．实现翻番．为更好地了解该地区农村的经济收入变化情况，统计了该地区新农村建设前后农村的经济收入构成比例．得到如下饼图： 则下面结论中不正确的是 A ．新农村建设后，种植收入减少 B ．新农村建设后，其他收入增加了一倍以上 C ．新农村建设后，养殖收入增加了一倍 D ．新农村建设后，养殖收入与第三产业收入的总和超过了经济收入的一半
4．已知椭圆C ：22 214 x y a +=的一个焦点为(20)， ，则C 的离心率为 A ．1 3 B ．12 C ． 2 D ． 22 5．已知圆柱的上、下底面的中心分别为1O ，2O ，过直线12O O 的平面截该圆柱所得的截面是面积为8的正方形，则该圆柱的表面积为 A ．122π B ．12π C ．82π D ．10π 6．设函数()()32 1f x x a x ax =+-+．若()f x 为奇函数，则曲线()y f x =在点()00，处的切线方程为 A ．2y x =- B ．y x =- C ．2y x = D ．y x = 7．在△ABC 中，AD 为BC 边上的中线，E 为AD 的中点，则EB =u u u r A ．3144 AB AC -u u u r u u u r B ．1344 AB AC -u u u r u u u r C ．3144 AB AC +u u u r u u u r D ．1344 AB AC +u u u r u u u r 8．已知函数()2 2 2cos sin 2f x x x =-+，则 A ．()f x 的最小正周期为π，最大值为3 B ．()f x 的最小正周期为π，最大值为4 C ．()f x 的最小正周期为2π，最大值为3 D ．()f x 的最小正周期为2π，最大值为4 9．某圆柱的高为2，底面周长为16，其三视图如右图．圆柱表面上的点M 在正视图上的对应点为A ，圆柱表面上的点N 在左视图上的对应点为B ，则在此圆柱侧面上，从M 到N 的路径中，最短路径的长度为 A ．217 B ．25 C ．3 D ．2 10．在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，2AB BC ==，1AC 与平面11BB C C 所成的角为30?，则该长方体的
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标III卷） 英语 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is theshirt？ A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15. 1.What does John find difficult in learning German？ A .Pronunciation. B.V ocabulary. C.Grammar. 2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ A.Colleagues. B.Brother and sister. C.Teacher and student. 3.Where does the conversation probably take place？ A. In a bank. B. At a ticket office. C. On a train. 4. What are the speakers talking about？ A.A restaurant. B.A street. C.A dish. 5.What does the woman think of her interview？ A.It was tough. B.It was interesting. C.It was successful. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 所谓“被遗忘权”，即数据主体有权要求数据控制者永久删除有关数据主体的个人数据，有权被互联网遗忘，除非数据的保留有合法的理由，在大数据时代，数字化，廉价的存储器，易于提取、全球覆盖作为数字化记忆发展的四大驱动力，改变了记忆的经济学，使得海量的数字化记忆不仅唾手可得，甚至比选择性删除所耗费的成本更低，记忆和遗忘的平衡反转，往事正像刺青一样刻在我们的数字肌肤上；遗忘变得困难，而记忆却成了常态，“被遗忘权”的出现，意在改变数据主体难以“被遗忘”的格局，对于数据主体对信息进行自决控制的权利，并且有着更深的调节、修复大数据时代数字化记忆伦理的意义。 首先，“被遗忘权”不是消极地防御自己的隐私不受侵犯，而是主体能动地控制个人的信息，并界定个人隐私的边界，进一步说，是主体争取主动建构个人数字化记忆与遗忘的权利，与纯粹的“隐私权”不同，“被遗忘权”更是一项主动性的权利，其权利主体可自主决定是否行使该项权利对网络上已经被公开的有关个人信息进行删除，是数据主题对自己的个人信息所享有的排除他人非法使用的权利。 其次，在数据快速流转且难以被遗忘的大数据时代，“被遗忘权”对调和人类记忆与以往的平衡具有重要的意义，如果在大数据时代不能“被遗忘”，那意味着人们容易被囚禁在数字化记忆的监狱之中，不论是个人的遗忘还是社会的遗忘，在某种程度都是一种个人及社会修复和更新的机制，让我们能够从过去的经验中吸取教训，面对现实，想象未来，而不仅仅背过去的记忆所束缚。 最后，大数据技术加速了人的主体身份的“被数据化”，人成为数据的表征，个人生活的方方面面都在以数据的形式被记忆。大数据所建构的主体身份会导致一种危险，即“我是”与“我喜欢”变成了“你是”与“你将会喜欢”；大数据的力量可以利用信息去推动、劝服、影响甚至限制我们的认同。也就是说，不是主体想把自身塑造成什么样的人，而是客观的数据来显示主体是什么样的人，技术过程和结果反而成为支配人、压抑人的力量。进一步说，数字化记忆与认同背后的核心问题在于权力不由数据主体掌控，而是数据控制者选择和构建关于我们的数字化记忆，并塑造我们的认同。这种大数据的分类系统并不是客观中立的，而是指向特定的目的。因此，适度的、合理的遗忘，是对这种数字化记忆霸权的抵抗。（摘编自袁梦倩《“被遗忘权”之争：大数据时代的数字化记忆与隐私边界》） 1．下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分） A．由于数字化记忆的发展，记忆与遗忘的平衡发生了反转，记忆变得更加容易。 B．人的主体身份所以被数据化，是因为个人信息选择性删除所耗费的成本太高。
〖解密〗2018年高考英语全国III卷真题解析 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes, Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times Sunday —Friday (closed on Saturday) 11:00am —4:00pm, 30th March —2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50 Special Events Producers’ Market13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day 28th August
2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试 英语试题 （本试卷共 12 页。时间： 120 分钟 总分： 150 分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷 上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡9. 15 B. S. 18 C.念 15 答案是 C 。 第一节 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选 出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来 回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does John find difficult in learning German? A. Pronunciation. B. Vocabulary. C. Grammar. 2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bank. B. At a ticket office. 4. What are the speakers talking about? A. A restaurant. B. A street. 5. What does the woman think of her interview? A. It was tough. B. It was interesting. 第二节 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有 时间阅读各个 小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每 C. On a train. C. A dish. C. It was successful.
2018年高考全国卷1语文试题及答案 1 2 3 35 39 1~3题。 这一过程至今仍没有终结。 诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破 体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程。中国思想传统与西方思想传统 为其重要前提 了新的内涵与新的形态。 无助于思想的创 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8d18828171.html,应地内含“照着讲”。“新子学”应追求“照着讲”与“接着讲”的统 一。 13 A
当代思想癿组成部分。 B 上思想家癿思想内涵。 C 下形成创造性癿思想。 D 既有思想演进癿过程。 23 A 子之学癿差异。 B 癿关系进行论证。 C 癿必要和可能。 D 实癿顺序推进癿。 33 A 上是互相隔膜癿。 B 国和世界文化癿建构。 C 劣亍促进新思想生成。 D 逐渐过渡到“接着讱”。 315 4~6题。 赵一曵女士阿成 他人的风度。 赵一曼女士率领的抗联活动在 寒……战士们哟”……这些都给躺在病床上的赵一曼女士留下清晰回忆。 赵一曼女士喜 丁香花现在已经成为这座城市的“市花”了。 对赵一曼女士进行了严刑拷 很没面子。
可能澄清中共与苏联的关系。 1936 《滨江省警务厅关于赵一曼的情况》扼要地介绍了赵一曼女士从 市立医院逃走和被害的情况。 赵一曼女士是在6月28 点了一颗烟。 道上山。 20天时间。 幼年丧母、恋 情的、甜蜜的。 韩护士真诚地 20 一曼、韩勇义、董 赵一曼女士淡淡的笑了。 赵一曼女士是在珠河县被日本宪兵枪杀的。 一 些松树。 前夕了。
!赶快 地下的母亲!我最亲爱的孩子啊!母亲不用千言万 的! 一九三六年八月二日 4 3A 引起了读者癿注意。 B 到有价值癿回答。 C 曵仍活在人们癿记忆里。 D 了赵一曵癿英雄本色。 5 6 6 6 312 79题。 科学实验卫星提前并圆 引领世界量子通信研究奠定了坚实的基础。通信安全是国家信息安全和人类经济社会生活的基本需求。千百 突破经典信息技术的瓶颈。” 量子通信主要研究内容包括量子密钥分发和量子隐形传态。量于 2017年8月10
2018年高考全国卷I语文试题及答案 绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文（新课标1） 注意事项： 1 ?答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。 2 ?回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3 ?考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题 诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之 奇观。在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。 诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。“新子学” 即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方 面来理解。一般而言，“照着讲”，主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研 究，诸如训诂、校勘、文献编纂，等等。这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思, 既应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力的内容，从而为今天的思考提供重要的思想资源。 与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”。从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近于诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创 造的传统，以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的 关系。在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深 的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程。中国思想文化传统与西 方的思想文化传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源，而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互 动为其重要前提。这一意义上的“新子学”，同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。 “照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离。从逻辑上说，任何新思想的形成，都不能从“无”开始，它总是基于既有的思想演进过程，并需要对既有思想范围进行反思 批判。“照着讲”的意义，在于梳理以往的思想发展过程，打开前人思想的丰富内容， 由此为后继思想提供理论之源。在此意义上，“照着讲”是“接着讲”的出发点。然而，仅仅停留在“照着讲”，思想便容易止于过去，难以继续前行，可能无助于思想的创新。就此而言，在“照着讲”之后，需要继之以“接着讲”。“接着讲”的基本精神，是突破以往思想或推进以往思想，而新的思想系统的形成，则是其逻辑结果。 进而言之，从现实的过程看，“照着讲”“接着讲”总是相互渗入：“照着讲”包含
英语试卷 第1页（共22页） 英语试卷 第2页（共22页） 绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英 语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt ？ A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C . 1. What will James do tomorrow ？ A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman ？ A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave ？ A. At 6：30. B. At 8：30. C. At 10：30. 4. How does the woman go to work ？ A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers ？ A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman regret ？ A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now ？ A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the man ？ A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver. 9. What is the man doing for the woman ？ A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place ？ A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant. 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening ？ A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours. 12. Who is Alice going to call ？ A. Mike. B. Joan. C. Catherine. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Why does the woman meet the man ？ A. To look at an apartment. B. To deliver some furniture. C. To have a meal together. ------------在 --------------------- 此--------------------- 卷--------------------- 上--------------------- 答--------------------- 题--------------------- 无-------------------- 效------------ ---- 姓名________________ 准考证号_____________
2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语Ⅲ卷 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分） 第一节（共15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分30 分） A Welcome to Holker Hall & Garden Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By car: Follow brown signs on A590 from. J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere--20 minutes, Kendal--25 minutes, Lancaster-- 45 minutes, Manchester-- l hour 30minutes By rail: the nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth. Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening times Sunday-Friday（closed on Saturday） 11:00 am-4;00pm, 30 March-2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Gropes: ￡9.00 Special Events Producers Market 13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in the gardening. National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November This is an event for all the family! Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester? A. 20 minutes. B. 25 minutes. C.45 minutes. D. 90 minutes. 22. How much should a member of a tour group pay a visit to Hall & Gardens? A. ￡12.00. B. 9￡.00. C. ￡8.00 D. ￡5.50 23. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show? A. Producers Market. B. Holker Garden Festival C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market B Cities, usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped
2018年高考英语真题及答案（全国卷1） 第四部分 第一节改错 During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens chickens. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed. 2018年高考英语真题及答案（全国卷2） 改错 When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would no to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 全国3卷 It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1） 英语 第二部分阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —and the cherry blossoms —disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mail as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capital Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are make for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bike Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. B
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试3 理科综合能力测试 可能用到的相对原子质量： H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 S 32 Cr 52 Zn 65 I 127 一、选择题： 7．化学与生活密切相关。下列说法错误的是 A ．泡沫灭火器可用于一般的起火，也适用于电器起火 B ．疫苗一般应冷藏存放，以避免蛋白质变性 C ．家庭装修时用水性漆替代传统的油性漆，有利于健康及环境 D ．电热水器用镁棒防止内胆腐蚀，原理是牺牲阳极的阴极保护法 8．下列叙述正确的是 A ．24 g 镁与27 g 铝中，含有相同的质子数 B ．同等质量的氧气和臭氧中，电子数相同 C ．1 mol 重水与1 mol 水中，中子数比为2∶1 D ．1 mol 乙烷和1 mol 乙烯中，化学键数相同 9．苯乙烯是重要的化工原料。下列有关苯乙烯的说法错误的是 A ．与液溴混合后加入铁粉可发生取代反应 B ．能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色 C ．与氯化氢反应可以生成氯代苯乙烯 D ．在催化剂存在下可以制得聚苯乙烯 10．下列实验操作不当的是 A ．用稀硫酸和锌粒制取H 2时，加几滴CuSO 4溶液以加快反应速率 B ．用标准HCl 溶液滴定NaHCO 3溶液来测定其浓度，选择酚酞为指示剂 C ．用铂丝蘸取某碱金属的盐溶液灼烧，火焰呈黄色，证明其中含有Na + D ．常压蒸馏时，加入液体的体积不超过圆底烧瓶容积的三分之二 11．一种可充电锂-空气电池如图所示。当电池放电时，O 2与Li + 在多孔碳材料电极处生成Li 2O 2-x （x =0或1）。下列说法正确的是 A ．放电时，多孔碳材料电极为负极 B ．放电时，外电路电子由多孔碳材料电极流向锂电极 C ．充电时，电解质溶液中Li +向多孔碳材料区迁移 D ．充电时，电池总反应为Li 2O 2-x =2Li+（1-2 x ）O 2