Subject-verb Concord主谓一致
一、主谓一致：指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系。
二、三种原则：语法一致原则；意义一致原则；就近原则
1、语法一致：主要表现在数的形式上——主语中心词是复数动词用复数形式；主语中心词是单数或不可数名词，动词用单数。
e.g. Both boys have their own merits.
Few students are really lazy.
Each boy has his own book.
Every girl comes on time.
2、意义一致原则：有时主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单复数意义。
e.g. The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.
Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.
Fifty-six dollars was stolen.
. The old _____ (be) being taken good care of there.
. The young ___ (be) the hope of our country.
3、就进原则：有时谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词的单复数形式。Either my brothers or my father is coming.
Only one out of five were present.
No one except his own supporters agree with him.
三、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
1、有些疾病名称（arthritis关节炎bronchitis支气管炎rickets腮腺炎diabetes糖尿病）用单数。Arthritis is a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body.
2、表示游戏名称的名词常做单数用
Darts(投镖游戏) is essentially a free and easy game.
但也有一些游戏名称作复数用。Cards are not allowed here.
3、以-ics结尾的学科名称用单数（physics, mathematics, politics, economics, athletics）但这些词表示学科以外的意义时作复数用。
Athletics (体育运动) have been greatly promoted at this college.
4、以-s结尾的地理名称: 国名（the United States, the United Nations）——单数
群岛，山脉，海峡，瀑布——复数（the West India西印度群岛，the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉，the Straits of Gibraltar直布罗陀海峡）
5、其他：scissors剪子pincers钳子glasses眼镜shorts短裤trousers裤子suspenders 吊带裤，这些词假如不带“一副”“一把”“一条”等单位词而单独使用——复数Joe’s new trousers are black and white.
A pair of shoes costs 5 dollars.
四、以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题。
集体名词family, team, class, group, government, enemy, company, committee 等被看作一个主题时, 谓语动词用单数. 如看作一个个成员, 谓语动词用复数.
集体名词people , police 只当复数用, 谓语动必须要用复数.
The police are searching for the thief.
Machinery, equipment, merchandise商品——单数
Audience, committee, class, family, public等词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词
A committee of/ a panel of / a board of +复数名词——单数
五、并列短语作主语
1、And/both…and…——复数但（ham and egg, bread and butter等表单数意义）
也有一些省略情况：what I say and think are no business of yours.
2、用and 连接的并列主语被each, every, many a或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Each doctor and each nurse ____ (were /was) given a new shirt.
No sound and no voice ___(is / are) heard.
3、由or, nor, either…or.., neither… nor…, not only…but also…——就进原则
4、主语+as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等引导的从属结构时，或主语+as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。
His brother rather than his parents is to blame.
No one except two girls was late for dinner.
六、表数量概念的名词词组作主语
Ten miles is a god distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。
1、分数/百分数+of 依of后的名词类别而定
Two-third of the swampland(沼泽)has been reclaimed(开垦)for farming.
Thirty-five percent of the doctors were women.
2、两数相减或相除——单数，相加或相乘——复数或单数
Forty minus fifteen leaves twenty-five.
Divide除plus/and加time乘
3、one in/ one out of +复数名词：正式体中——单数；非正式体——就近原则
4、表非确定数量的名词词组：
all of, some of, none of, half of, most of——依后面的词而定
lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of, plenty of表许许多多，依后面的词而定
a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of——单数
限定词+kind/type/sort of+单数/不可数名词——单数
七、其他
More ＋复数名词＋than one ＋和more than one ＋单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。
More students than one were punished. ＝More than one student was punished.
1、what, who, why, how, whether引导的名词性从句作主语——单数
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
2、to do /doing 作主语——单数
To eat well is all he asks.
3、不定代词anyone someone ,everyone, nobody, something, anything, no one , each , the other 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
Someone ____(want )to see you.
Everything ___ (be) ready.
Nobody _____ (be) in the classroom.
八、练习
1. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. has (C86)
2. Zhang’s family ____ rather big, with twelve people in all.
A. is
B. are
C. being
D. was (C85)
3. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A. know
B. knows
C. have known
D. is known(C86)
4. Not only I but also Jane and Mary __ tired of having one exam after another.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be (C89)
5. A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered
B. has offered
C. are offered
D. have offered
3. All but one ____ here just now. A. is B.was C. has been D. were
1. On the wall______ two large portraits.
A. hangs
B. hang
C. hanged
D. hanging (C85)
2. “News of victories _____ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept (C85)
6. All but one _____ here just now.
9. The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
10. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided
B. are not decided
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
2.The number of students in this school ______ by 5% every year.
A. rise
B. raise
C. rises
D. raises
4.E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are played
D. play
7.Either you or the headmaster ____ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out
B. are to hand out
C. are handing out
D. is to hand out
9.She is one of the few girls who _____ in the kindergarten.
A. is well paid
B. are well paid
C. is paying
D. are paid well
10._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is
D. Two fifths; are
12.There _____ no life on the moon.
A. is said to have
B. are said to have
C. is said to be
D. are said to be
13 . ----Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ____ to go to university.
----So do I.
A. hope
B. hopes
C. hoping
D. hoped
14. A group of _______ are eating ____ and ____ at the foot of the hill.
A. sheep; grass; leaves
B. sheeps; grasses; leaves
C. sheep; grass; leaf
D. sheeps; grass; leafs
15. All the ____ are made of _______, not plastics.
A. glass; glass
B. glasses; glass
C. glass; glasses
D. glasses; glasses
16. It was he and I who _____ at your house yesterday.
A. was
B. am
C. were
D. is
17. All means that _____ possible _____ been used to save him
A. is; have
B. were; have
C. was; has
D. are; has
1. Her advice _______ useful to me. ( be )
2. Laying eggs _______ the queen ant’s full-time job. ( be )
3. Everyone_______Tom and Mary will get married next month. (know)
4. Nothing ______ been done to stop the lake from being polluted. (have)
5. Either of the rooms ____ big enough.( be )
6. More than one person _____ killed in the accident. ( be )
7. More questions than one _______ been asked. ( have)
8. A poor woman together with her four children ______ found begging in the street. ( be )
9. The professor, including all of his students ______gone abroad. ( have)
10. Two hours _____ enough for us to finish the work. ( be )
11. One hundred dollars a month _____ not a high pay. ( be )
12. Arabian Nights _____ a book popular with the young children. ( be )
13. Politics _______ not easy for the students to learn well. ( be )
14. The youth ______ fond of rock ’n roll music. ( be )
15. Fifty tons of coal _______ wasted in the factory last year. ( be )
16. A large quantity of new machines _______ been bought by the factory this year. ( have )
17. Collecting stamps and playing the guitar _____ my hobbies.
18. Each boy and each girl ______ to finish the work on time. ( be )
19. What they needed _____ some water. ( be )
20. Nearly 60 percent of the students in our class____ boys. ( be )
21. More than two thirds of the surface of the earth___ covered by water. ( be )
22. Neither my parents nor my sister _______ known the secret. ( have )
23.There ___ some water and stones in the bottle. ( be )、
对比选项
1．a. He is the only one of the students that _______ got full mark.
b. He is one of the students that ______ got full make.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
2. a. Three fourths of the teachers present _____ against the plan.
b. Three fourths of the surface of the earth ______covered with water.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
3. a. The famous singer and dancer ____ our party this evening.
b. The famous singer and the famous dancer _____ our party this evening.
A. are going to attend
B. was to attend
C. were to attend
D. is going to attend
4. a. A number of students ____ from the country.
b. The number of students _____ 900.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
5. a. Where and when to have the party _____ not been decided yet.
b. What I say and think _____ nothing to do with you.
A. is
B. has
C. are
D. have
6. a. Many a boy ______ this kind of bicycle.
b. Many boys ______ this kind of bicycle.
A. like
B. likes
7. a. All but one ________ here now.
b. There is nothing unusual. All _____ going well.
A. has
B. is
C. have
D. are
8. a. What she wants ____ more time.
b. What she wants ____ more sheep.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
9. a. I can work out two of the five problems, but the rest ______ too difficult for me.
b. I have finished one third of the work and the rest_____ left for you.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
10. a. The population of the small country _____ 600,000.
b. Two thirds of the population in this small country____ farmers.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
11. a. The basketball team ______ baths now.
b. The basketball team ______ 5 members.
A. has
B. is having
C. are having
D. have
五年级上册英语语法【三篇】 【导语】教育要使人愉快，要让一切的教育带有乐趣。WTT小编整理了五年级上册英语语法【三篇】，希望对你有帮助! Be动词用法 be动词（am、is、are）+not、 情态动词can+ not、 助动词（do、does） + not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句： 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤： （1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。 （2）确定助动词用do、does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does， （3）在助动词后加not。 （4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。 一般疑问句 一般疑问句 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句： 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤： （1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。 （2）确定助动词用do还是does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，
动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does （3）把助动词后提到句首。 （4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。 过去式 表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, 含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was，are的过去式为were I was at the butcher’s. You were a student a year ago. The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. ★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首 Were you at the butcher’s? Were you a student a year ago? Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? ★变否定句在be动词后面加not I was not at the butcher’s. You were not a student a year ago. The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago. ★肯定回答否定回答 Yes, I was. No, I was not. Yes, you were. No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not. ★特殊疑问句： What did you do? (必背) 不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式 I finished my homework yesterday.
人人都能用英语读书笔记 关键在于“用”，以“熟悉”代替“钻研”。开场白 1、大脑是可塑的，成年人是可以学习第二语言的理论基础。 Taub 教授CI 疗法的成功首先证明区域论是错误的（至少不是完全正确的）——大脑可以重新组织自己；其次证明大脑自始至终都是可塑的，甚至可以重组——即，用一个新的脑图完成原本由受损的脑图完成的功能；最后证明的也是最重要的：脑图之间存在着相互竞争——所以，为了治好受损的右臂，要先把未受损的左臂给限制住。如果不把未受损的左臂给限制住的话，那么左臂的脑图将永远处于优势，进而，使得大脑对已经受损的右臂产生“习得之弃用”（Learned Nonuse） 这最后一条可以用来清楚地解释原本用“关键期论”错误地解释的现象：为什么成年后学习第二语言显得更为困难？ 成年之后，第二语言学习显得更为困难的原因并不在于关键期论所说的“此后大脑不再可塑”，而实际上在于这是第二语言所使用的脑图要与已经形成强大势力的母语脑图竞争——当然越来越难。然而，恰恰是这样的认识给了人们希望。目前，有很多教育学家开始提倡“浸泡式学习”，有一定的依据，也有相当的效果。所谓“浸泡式学习”，就是在特定的时间、特 定的环境里，强迫学生只使用第二语言，禁止使用母语，进而刺激大脑加速构建新的脑图。风靡全球的罗赛塔石碑语言学习软体（Rosetta Stone9）就是基于这个原理开发出来的。 对于第二语言习得者来说，最直观、最有意义的好消息是：1) 什么时候开始学都不晚；2) 只要方法得当，并加以时日，一定能学好。在学习这件事儿是，相信自己一定能学好，并不一定保证真的能够学好；但是，反过来，如果相信自己不可能学好，那最终真的就不可能学好。所谓“自证预言”（Self-fulfilling prophecy10）就是这样，总是在负面起作用。事实上，“语言习得关键期”之说四十多年来在全球造成了难以估计的恶果，不计其数的人在不经意之间把“假说”当成了“定论”，相信自己不可能学好，进而成为“自证预言”注定的受害者。“我没天分”、“我就学不好”、“英语太难了”之类的话，甚至这类的念头，其实都是强大的诅咒。 2、短期内学好英语对一个正常的人来说是一个可行的目标。 我们衡量一个目标是否现实，有一个特别简单而又朴实的判断标准——“有没有人成功过？”如果答案为真，为了确定那不是小概率事件，还可以进一步问“是不是有很多人成功？”如果这次的答案还为真，那么这就是个现实可行的目标。习得第二语言就是这样一个现实而又可行的目标。 进而，习得第二语言本质上来看，相对于其他任何领域都更多依赖积累，更少依赖天分的学科。对大多数人来说，语言只是工具；学习语言几乎无需创意，因为它只是最终用来表达创意的东西而已。学一门外语理论上来讲应该比学计算机容易多了：计算机技术总是日新月异，每个领域都有更高更陡峭的学习曲线；而学外语则不同，它是越学越简单的东西，语法知识总有一天可以学完，单词总有一天不用再背，而不停地读书，实际上已经不是在学习英语了，而是在享用工具。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属 于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外， 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先 行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语 里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first
牛津英语二年级英语语法习题集 、There be 句型: (1) There be 句型由There is 或There are 引导，表示 在…地方有 …东西 (2) There is + 单数或不可数名词； There are + 复数 (3) There be 句型遵循 就近原则” There is a table and two chairs in the room. There are two chairs and a table in the room. 填写：am, is, are 1. _ you a boy? No, I ____ a girl. 2. He ___ m y father. He ___ t all. 3. What colour ___ the rabbit? It ___ white. 4. What colour ___ the dogs? They _____ brow n. 5. There __ a bowl in the box. 6. There ____two bowls in the box. 7. There __ some water in the bowl. 8. There __ some apples on the table. 9. There __ a plate and three spo ons on the table. 10. There __ three spo ons and a plate on the table. 、Be 动词 am, is, are 填写 be 动词：am, is, are 1.1 ___ D a nny. You ___ Mary. 2. I ___ tall. You ___ short. 3.She ___ my mother. She ___ fat. 4.He __ my brother. He __ small. 、介词：in 在…里面, on 在…上面，under 在…下面 填写介词：in, on, un der, at, up, to 1.look ___ 2. liste n ___ 3. pick ____ 4. ___ the room 5. ____ the bowl 6. ____ sit ______________ t he chair 7. ______ the plate 8. the floor 9. the seesaw 10. __ the zoo11. ___ the park 12. the childre n s garden13.__ the sky Be 动词用法口诀：我是 am,你是are 。is 用于他她它，凡是复数都用 are 。
高中英语语法详解：动名词 概念 动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式 相关知识点精讲： 1.作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2.作宾语 a. 有些动词能够用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成
imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面能够用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on
五年级上册英语语法集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
一、名词复数规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanes 二、（一）一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 （二）一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如： I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如： He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
英语语法新思维 初级教程-走进语法 名词短语 名词与它的修饰语一起构成名词短语。 英文中的介词不能单独使用，其后面必须接宾语，所接的宾语也往往是名词短语。 名词短语的构造-“黄金公式”左二右六的定语规律 前置定语。其一是限定词，用来限定名词所指的围。these three a the my that 其二是形容词，是用来表示名词的性质和特征的。 限定词+形容词+中心名词+介词短语/分词短语/不定式短语/形容词短语/定语从句/同位语从句 名词才有定语。 名词 名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词 专有名词：表示特定的人、物、机构或场所等的名词(首字母必须大写)。 普通名词：1.可数名词：个体名词(表示同类的人或物中的个体student tree hospital house piano) 集体名词(表示若干人或物的总称team committee police group family) 2.不可数名词：物质名词（表示物质和材料的总称paper water cotton air） 抽象名词：（表示动作、性质、状态或情感等抽象概念的名称birth evolution hope sport） 一，专有名词 1.人名及头衔 2.著作名称 3.月份 公历the solar calendar 阴历the lunar calendar 汉语阴历月份要用序数词来表达。 阴历二月：the second month on the lunar calendar或the second lunar month 七夕：the seventh of the seventh lunar month 中秋：the fifteenth of the eighth lunar month 春节：the first of the first lunar month 4.星期，四季winter summer spring autumn 5.节日:Christmas Easter New Year's Day Mother's Day Thanksgiving Day 6.地理名称 国家及的名称 地区，城市的名称 江，河，湖泊的名称 山脉，沙漠的名称 名词的数：可数与不可数 名词的可数性侧重于名词的意义，名词的单复数形式侧重于名词的构成形式。 不可数名词的规律： 1.对于一些无法分割的名词，我们将其看作一个整体，因而作为不可数名词，没有复数变化。主要是一些物质名词。气体液体固体 2.一些因其组成部分太小而不易数的名词。主也是一些物质名词。 3.表示总称的名词通常不可数。这些名词侧重于表示某类事物的总的概念，而不是具体的事物。如果要具体指出该总概念下的具体食物，则要用其他不同的名词。
中考英语语法笔记整理大全 2010．3
名词 表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 一、名词的分类 注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。 3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也 有了变化。eg. beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒，work--- a work 工厂，著作，glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯，room空间---a room一个房间 二、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。 1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”；复 数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese, mouse--mice ②单复数同形eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,… ③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers 注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法: (1)同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物， time 时间--- times 时代，green 绿色---greens 青菜
小学二年级英语语法知识点归纳（推荐） 一、看中文写英语，看英文写中文： 1、上午( ) 2、下午( )3傍晚( ) 4、晚上( ) 5、太太( ) 6、苹果( ) 7、书包( )8再见( ) 二、写句子： 1、How are you ?-------------------------------------------------------------------- 2、I’m very well.--------------------------------------------------------------- 3、Thank you --------------------------------------------------------- 4、I hope that you are ,too---------------------------------------------- 5、我八岁。 ---------------------------------------------------
--------- 6、你是丹尼 吗?------------------------------------------------- 7、这是一头象 吗?----------------------------------------------------------- 8、我又高又胖。 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 9、我是Linda 你是 Tom.-------------------------------------------------------------- 10、It is a big apple ------------------------------------- 11、I am glad to know you.----------------------------------------------------- 12、I’m very well.-----------------------------------------------------15、Who am I-------------------------- 13、I’m
1 动名词的用法 动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。动名词仍保留动词的 一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。 （一）做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。 Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。 It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。 My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps . 我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。 在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将做主语的动名词短语 放在后面。例如： It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。 Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents? 为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗？ It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。 It is of great importance fighting against pollution. 制止污染有重要意义。 It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。 It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.吸烟没好处，你最好戒掉。 （二）动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，advise 建议，can’t help 不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成，contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay 延期，deny 否认，detest 痛恨，discontinue 停止，dislike不喜欢，dispute不同意，endure 忍耐，enjoy 喜欢，escape逃脱，excuse 原谅，fancy想象，feel like 想要，finish结束，严禁，forgive 原谅，hinder 阻碍，imagine 想象，keep 保持，mention 提到，mind 在意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit 允许，postpone 推迟，practise 实践、练习，prevent 阻止，recall 回忆，report报告，resent 怨恨，resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。 例如： He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。 David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. 戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车 抵债。 （我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. ） I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。
五年级上册英语语法知识点 一、注意名词单复数： 1、可数名词复数用于： ①How many后面；②some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three…后面；③these/those后面 ④all the后面；⑤between后面跟一种物体时，这个物体用复数⑥like 后面 ⑦are前面的人称和名词用复数: we/they/the children 2、名词复数的变化规则： 1）一般直接+s：bears，students， 2）以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加es：bus-buses，box-boxes， 3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾，把y变为i, 再加ies： library—libraries hobby---hobbies story---stories 4)不规则名词复数:man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children 3、不可数名词: water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread(面包), rice(米饭), hair等等。 二、注意一般现在时动词的第三人称单数；(注：所有否定句、疑问句中，动词都用原形。) 1、肯定句中哪些情况下用第三人称单数： 1）人称代词he, she, it作主语时； 2）单个人名、地名或称呼作主语时； 3）单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词" 作主语时； 4）不可数名词作主语时； 5）当数字或字母作主语时，等等。 2、动词第三人称单数变化规则如下： 1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加s. 如：works / plays/ reads 2) 以s. x. sh. ch 或o结尾的动词,在后面加es. 例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes 3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词, 把y变为i,再加es. 例：study- studies fly-flies carry-carries 4）不规则动词的第三人称单数：have—has；be—is 三、人称代词、名词所有格及序数词 1 例：They are doctors. 2、宾格用来作句中的宾语，放在动词或介词的后面。本册书上出现的词组： in front of her show her around push me teach you What’s wrong with him? write him a letter Here’s a Christmas card for you. Let me….chat with them on the Internet give it a cake 3、形容词性物主代词+名词
高级阅读教学课程 徐韶华 一、师生各自自我介绍 二、书籍介绍 口语书籍介绍 《美国口语4+1》20元主编：赵东坡 思维和文化的角度介绍美式英语的特点。 口语：accuracy fluency 语法书介绍 张满胜《英语语法新思维》初级、中级、高级世界出版社出版 英语是一种重视逻辑的语言。这本书的例句多来自心灵鸡汤、政治新闻、电影台词、高考题等等。 三、阅读讲解 技巧只能是锦上添花并不是雪中送炭，要教给学生真真实实的能力。 在阅读当中遇到难处的四大拦路虎： A语法：1长难句（三大从句）2省略句、分裂 3强调句4纷繁复杂的倒装5否定、 6比较7非谓语动词结构 B阅读和听力—积累单词 C文化、习惯用语 D母语基本功 1、先告诉学生长难句并不可怕，只是由多个简单句累积而成。再长再短的句子根本是抓住谓语，（五种基本简单句句型）找到主句的谓语动词再找分句的谓语。 所以，第一关告诉学生是找到动词。（这就需要将动词的各种形式讲清楚。） 第二关找连词；第三关 忠告：教师自己做加法，给学生做减法 （二级、三级翻译教程书） 死亡是具有戏剧性的，一生只有一次，然而衰老却是一天一天，一年一年的去面对…… 2、Of 的四种用法（微观语法） 四分之一的用法是：引导同位语 四分之三的用法是：所属关系 第四分之三的用法是：统一归类（人以群分） 另外四分之一的用法是：比喻（有如…..的） （有专门的语法书，每种词性一本书） 英语非常简单，所以她才普及啊！ 3讲阅读文章 一、可先读文章的首段，和每段的首句；让学生了解文章要讲的是什么，这样有利于分 配时间，有的学生可能会对本篇文章说的内容非常了解，他就可以有信心做这篇文章。 二、只读前三道题的题干就可以，但不能全读或只读一道题，因为5道题的顺序不一定 就是按照文章段落的顺序来的，第一题可能是概括题，第二三道是细节题。有引号的句子题干可能是细节题。Litter =offspring 三、盯住题目中的专有词 四、单词的引申含义；litter=offspring be nervous= beworry (euphemism—委婉) 如：raise the roof hit the ceiling
中考英语语法笔记整理大全 2015.8 名词 表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 、名词的分类 注：1. 加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“ the”但它不大写。 3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒，work--- a work 工厂，著作，glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯，room 空间---a room 一个房间 、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。 1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”；复数形式是在名词 后加-s或-es
2. ①改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man--men, woma n—wome n, tooth —teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese, mouse--mice ②单复数同形eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,… ③由man和woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor—men doctors, a woma n teacher--wome n teachers 注意：有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分，在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式，但有其特殊用法： ⑴同一个词，变成复数形式，意义不同。eg. food食物---foods各种食物， time 时间---times 时代，green 绿色---greens 青菜 (2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物 eg. hope ---hopes 希望hardship --- hardships 艰苦 (3) 物质名词在表示数量时，常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seve n pieces of bread, severalbags of rice, … 三、名词的所有格 名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形 式,一种是在名词后+';另一种疋用of,表示 …勺”。 1. (1) 一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+'。eg. Mr. Mott 's robot, children 's clothes (2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+ ' eg. teachers 'books (3)两人共有的物体，则在第二个名词后
小学二年级学生英语语法学习知识点 【篇一】 many,much的用法区别 Many，much都意为"许多"， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。How many people are there at the meeting? How much time has we left? Many of the workers were at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. 【篇二】 1.a (an) art. 一个 2.afternoon n. 下午 3.and conj. 和 4.apple n. 苹果 5.arm n. 胳膊，手臂 6.autumn n. 秋天 7. bag n. 书包 8.basketball n. 篮球
9.be(am/is/are) v. （be动词）是 10.bed n. 床 11.big adj. 大的 12.bike n. 自行车 13.bird n.鸟 14.black adj. 黑色的 n. 黑色 15.blue adj. 蓝色的 n. 蓝色 16.book n. 书 17.boy n. 男孩 18.bus n. 公共汽车 19.but conj. 但是 20.cake n. 蛋糕 21.can v./aux. 能 22.cap n. 帽子 23.car n. 汽车 24.cat n. 猫 25.chair n. 椅子 26.China n. 中国 27.Chinese n. 汉语；语文课；中国人adj. 中国的；中国人的 28.class n. 班组；同学们 29.classroom n. 教室 30.coat n. 上衣 31.cold adj. 寒冷的 n. 感冒 32.colour n. 颜色https://www.doczj.com/doc/97942040.html,puter n. 电脑
英语语法知识——动名词 动名词 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing 构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。 A 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1 ）作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2 ）作宾语 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如： 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。
b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如： 3 ）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4 ）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如： a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如： boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it手扶拖拉机 B worth 的用法 worth, worthy, worthwhile 都是形容词，意为"值得"。 1. worth ：be worth + n.当名词为金钱时，表示"……值得……" 常见的有It ’s worth while to do./ It ’s worth （someone’s）while doing be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做" The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。2. worthy ：be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
五年级上册英语语法知识汇总(一) 一、名词复数规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanes 二、 （一）一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。 如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 （二）一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如：I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。 如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies