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小学英语名词用法及练习

小学英语名词用法及练习
小学英语名词用法及练习

第一章名词

一、定义

名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。

二、分类

1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:John is a student student 是普通名词,John 是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。

3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。

三、名词的数

1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词可数名词分为单数和复数。

名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加 a 或an。

1)单数

如a desk (—张桌子)an old desk (—张旧书桌)

2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式

规则变化

1)一般情况下加-s

如 book--books (书)desk--desks (书桌)

2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es

如box--boxes (盒子)bus-buses?共汽车)

3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es。

如 city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)

注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)

4)以f或fe结尾,复数一般变f或fe为v再加-es

如knife-knives(书),half-halves(一半)

注意有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs (屋顶)

5)以o 结尾

(1)辅音字母加o 结尾名词的加-es

如 tomato-tomatoes(西红柿) potato-potatoes(土豆)

(2)元音字母加o 结尾名词的加-s

如 piano-pianos (钢琴),zoo-zoos动物园) photo-photos (照片),kilo-kilos(千克)

不规则变化

1) 元音字母发变化。

如 man--men (男人) woman--women (妇女) tooth--teeth (牙齿),foot--feet (脚)

mouse--mice (老鼠)policema n —policeme n (警察) 2) 词尾发生变化。

如 child--children (小孩),ox--oxen (公牛) 3) 单、复数形式相同。

如 fish--fish (鱼),sheep--sheep 绵羊),deer--deer (鹿), Chinese--Chinese 中 国人),yuan--yuan (元) 4) 形似单数,实为复数意义。

如 people (人,人们)these people (不说 a people ,可说 a person )

police (公安,警察) ten police

(不说 a police ,可说 a policeman )

① fish 作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。 ②fishes 指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼< ② hair 和fruit 通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需 用这两个词的复数形式。

如 Would you like some more fruit 你要不要再吃点水果

Chi na has some good frits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类) She has a few white hairs.她有几要白头发。

His black hair is goi ng white.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。 7)有些名词只有作复数。

trousers (裤子) shorts (短裤) jeans 工装裤) goods 商品 clothes 衣服 sun glasses 太 阳镜) surro undin gs (环境) sav ings 储蓄) writi ngs (作品) 集体名词 表示一群人或物的名词叫集体 (或集合)名词。

Family 家庭 police 警察 audienee 听众 public equipment 仪器 把集体当作一个整体时,用作单数;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员

时, 看作复数。

My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭。 My family are all workers.

我的家人都是工人。

不可数名词

air 空气 bread 面包 chalk 粉笔 cha nge 零钱 cloth 布 coffee 咖啡

cotton 棉花 fire 火 food 食品 fun 乐趣 gas 汽油

glass 玻璃

grain 谷物

grass 早

ink 墨水

Traiffic 交通 luggage 行李

En glish 英国人 furniture 家私 in formatio n 信息 traffic 交通

luck运气meat 肉money 钱music音乐n ews新闻paper 纸tea茶rain 雨rice 米sand 沙

smoke 烟snow 雪sugar 糖waste废物water 水

wealth财富weather 天气wind 风1 housework 家务homework 作业

量的表达

可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰two apples

some, a lot of, a few 用等表示多少some problems

对可数名词的数量提问用how many

不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:

1)some, a little, a lot of, plenty of 用等表示多少。

如There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。

I'll tell you much good n ews.我要告诉你许多好消息。

We should collect some useful in formation 我们应该收集一些有用的消息。

2)用单位词表示。

用a ... of表示。

a cup of (一杯.... ),a bottle of (一瓶.... )

a piece of (一张 .... ),a pair of shoes (一双鞋)

如 two cups of tea (两杯茶),five pieces of paper (五张纸)

名词所有格

名词所有格表示名词的所属关系。由两种形式构成:s属格和of所有格

1. '表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命

的东西的名词后加’来表示所有关系。

a mile ' s distar一英里的距离the moon ' s ligh? 光

today's n ewspaper 今天的报纸

但如果该名词是以-s或-es接尾,则只在该名词后加来构成所有格。

3 hours ' wa三小时的路程two miles ' distan两英里的距离

2. of所有格用法主要用以表示无生命的名词

the gate of the school, he win dow of the room。

3 ?双重所有格

所谓 双重所有格(double genitive ) ”,是指名词所有格或名词性物主 代词同of 构成的所有格,即 “ o fr 名词所有格”。双重所有格有以下几个特 征:

1) “o fr 名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。因此,我 们可以说:

a play of Shakespeare ' S 莎士比亚的一个戏居廿) , a friend of my wife ' (我妻子的一个朋友),但却不能说 a funnel of the ship '或a leg of a table

s 而且该名词必须是特指的,不能是泛指的。我们可以说:

a friend of the doctor '(这位医生的一个朋友) ,a novel of the writer

(那位作者的一

咅 E 小说),而不能说 a frie nd of a doctor 或 ano vel of a writer 。's

2)除了修饰的原因外,用双重所有格主要是由于被修饰词有排他性的 限定词。如冠词、某些不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、数词等。比如我 们不能说 an our old acquaintance ,而必须说 an old acquaintance of ours (我 们的一个老相识);不能说 many their books ,正确的说法是 many books of theirs (他们的许多书)。再如:

This dema nd of theirs is quite ridiculous “This foolish wife of mine thinks I 我那愚蠢的老婆以为我是个大艺术家。

3)注意区别下列四种表达方式含义的差别:

one of my brother ' s friend6明确表示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友) a frie nd of my brother (暗示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友) a friend of my brother

(对我兄弟有好感的人)

my brother ' s friend (我兄弟唯一的一个朋友或刚谈及的那一个朋友) 4 ?特殊所有格

若一样东西为两人共有,则后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有, 而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。例如:

The woman dressed in blue is Mary an d Alice ' s moth e r 那个穿蓝衣服的妇女是玛丽和爱丽丝的母亲。

You should find what the differenee between Mr . Smith ' s and Mr Black cars is .

你应当发现史密斯先生与布莱克先生的汽车的不同之处

?他们的这个要求非常可笑 'm a greafartiatd he ”他说道。

二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。

I. We are _______ (stude nt).

2.1 have five ________ (watch).

3. Her father is a ________ (doctor).

4. What ' s your _____ (job)

5. What are their ________ (job)

6. These ________ (shelf) are not very good.

7. Two _______ (wolf) are in the forest.

8. The ___________ (housewife) are very lazy.

9. I have two ________ (kni fe). Do you n eed one

10. There is a _______ (hero).

II. This _______ (potato) is very ni ce.

12. There is a red ________ (tomato) on the table.

13. We have four _______ (pia no) in our school

三、选择填空

( )1. The _____ are on the table.

A. knife

B. kn ifes

C. kni ves

( )2. We n eed three more ____ to cook chips.

A. potato

B. potatos

C. potatoes

( )3. What big _____ the tiger has!

A. tooth

B. toothes

C. teeth

( )4. Please remember to give the horse some _____ .

A. leafs

B. leaves

C. leaf

( )5. There are 34 _____ in our school.

A. woma n teachers

B. wome n teachers

C. wome n teacher

D. woma ns teachers

( )6、There ____ on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes

B. are photos

C. is a photo

D. is photos ( )7. There are four

and two ____________ in the group.

A. Japa nese, Germe n B Japa neses, Germe n

C. Japa nese,Germa n , Germa ns

( )8. That s ___ art book.

A. an

B. a

C. the D are

( )9. There ___ some ___ in the river.

A. is ,fish

B. are, fishs

C. is, fishs

D. are ,fish

( )10. There __ two _ in the box.

A. is watch

B. are watches

C. are watch

D. is watches

( )11. We should clean __ twice a day.

A .our tooth tooths C. us teeth teeth

( )12. In Britai n ____ are all pain ted red.

boxes boxes box box

( ) __________ reading-room is big and bright.

's 's '

( ) teacher give the pupils ___________ .

advice advices advice advices

( ) has ___________ .

bread pieces of bread piece of bread pieces of breads ( ) fish _________ swimming.

B .are D .be

( ) am buying __________ trousers.

C. a pair of pair of

( ) is __________ .

and Bob ' s and Bob ' s and Bob ' s and Bob ( ) news _________ good.

( )20. What are _________ They are apples.

四、写出下列句子的复数句子。

1. This is my friend. ___________________________________

2 That is his brother. __________________________________

3. Is this your sister ___________________________________

4. Is that her cousin ___________________________________

5. What' s this ______________________________________

6. This is an apple tree. ______________________________

7. It is an old backpack.

8. Yes,it is.

五、用a/an 填空:

there ____ umbrella on the desk

is ____ island in the sea.

is ____ picture on the card.

have ____ old book.

apple is a kind of fruit.

is ____ armchair in the living room.

'd like ____ egg.

, there is ____ bird in the tree.

there ____ map on the walll

is ____ bench in the park

六、从所给的单词中选出恰当的词填空

cup piece pair glass bowl plate box bottle of paper of milk shoes of rice of bread water

_________ of tea pencils

七、翻译

1.四条鱼

2. 五块面包

3. 我妹妹的一张相片的自行车

5. 女孩们的玩具

6. 儿童节

7. 两盒子书

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创作编号: GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者:凤呜大王* 综合练习二 Class______ Grade 5 Name__________ Number_______ 一.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词 peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry 二.写出下列名词的复数形式 1.watch__________ 2.class__________ 3.shelf__________ 4.dog__________ 5.dish__________ 6.child__________ 7.nurse__________ 8.desk__________ 9.boy__________ 10.baby__________ 11.tooth_________

12.eye__________ 13.sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library_________ 16.goose_________ 17.photo________ 18.telephone_________ 三.填入所给名词的适当形式 1.We have three________(pen). 2.This is an __________(apple). 3.Where is the__________(pencil)? 4.There is a little __________ in the bottle(juice). 5.Are you a __________(driver)? Yes, I am. 6.There are a few __________(watch)on the desk. 7.Many__________(shelf)are in our school library. 8.He has some__________(ink). 9.The__________(girl)in red is Mary. 10.How many__________(people)are there in your family? Three. 四.将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类 school pineapple panda jacket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks

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(完整word版)小学英语名词专项练习

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classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks 1.pencil-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.banana------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.coat---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.wolf---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.school building--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 二.动词 (v.) 1.定义表示动作、状态、或者性质的词。 2.常见的动词分为四大类,即行为动词、系动词、情态动词、助动词 行为动词swim dance wash go buy fly sleep 系动词be (am is are was were) seem look smell sound taste feel become get 情态动词can may must will shall should would 助动词do does don’t doesn’t did didn’t 快乐练兵场 1._____玩、踢 2. _____滑冰 3._____跳 4._____走 5.______跑 6.______往上爬 7.______吃 8._______有、吃 9._______买 10.______买、带11._______居住12._______教

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小学英语名词专项练习

望子成龙学校 少儿英语教学“课课报” 教师Miss Fu 学生姓名_____学期第__3 次课 ?sad?just soso?fine?hungry?。。。please draw your feelings,Don’t be shy! 一.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词 peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry 二.写出下列名词的复数形式 1.watch__________ 2.class__________ 3.shelf__________ 4.dog__________ 5.dish__________ 6.child__________ 7.nurse__________ 8.desk__________ 9.boy__________ 10.baby__________ 11.tooth_________ 12.eye__________ 13.sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library_________

16.goose_________ 17.photo________ 18.telephone_________ 三.将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类 school pineapple panda jacket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks 1.pencil________________________________________________________ ____ 2.banana______________________________________________________ _____ 3.coat__________________________________________________________ ___ 4.wolf__________________________________________________________ ___ 5.school building____________________________________________________

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