2020年考研政治试题（word版）
一、单项选择题：1~16小题，每小题1分，共16分。下列每题
给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。请在答题卡
上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.我国数学家华罗庚在一次报告中以“一支粉笔多长为好”为例来讲解他所倡导的优选法。对此，他解释道：“每只粉笔都要丢掉
一段一定短的粉笔头，但就这一点来说，愈长愈好。但太长了，使
用起来很不方便，而且容易折断。每断一次，必然浪费一个粉笔头，反而不合适。因而就出现了粉笔多长合适的问题—这就是一个优选
问题。”所谓优选问题，从辩证法的角度看。就是要
A.注重量的积累
B.保持事物质的稳定性
C.坚持适度原则
D.全面考虑事物属性的多样性
2.社会存在是指社会的物质生活条件，它有多方面的内容，其中最能集中体现人类社会物质性的是
A.社会形态
B.地理环境
C.人口因素
D.生产方式
3.马克思把商品转换成货币称为“商品的惊险的跳跃”，这个跳跃如果不成功，摔坏的不是商品，但一定是商品的占有者。这是因
为只有商品变为货币
A.货币才能转化为资本
B.价值才能转化为使用价值
C.抽象劳动才能转化为具体劳动
D.私人劳动才能转化为社会劳动
4.邓小平指出：“社会主义究竟是个什么样子，苏联高了很多年，也并没有完全搞清楚。可能列宁的思路比较好，搞了个新经济政策，但是后来苏联的模式僵化了。”列宁新经济政策关于社会主义的思
维之所以“比较好”是因为
A.提出了比较系统的社会主义建设纲领
B.根据俄国的实际情况来探索社会主义建设的道路
C.为俄国找到了一种比较成熟的社会发展模式
D.按照马克思主义关于未来社会主义的设想来建设社会主义
5.1927年大革命失败后，党的工作重心开始转向农村，在农村
建立革命根据地。农村革命根据地能够在中国长期存在和发展的根
本原因是
A.中国是一个政治、经济、文化发展极不平衡的半殖民地半封建的大国。
B.良好的群众基础和革命形势的继续向前发展
C.相当力量正式红军的存在
D.党的领导及正确的政策
6.社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度，既包括公有制经济，也包括非公有制经济。把非公有制经济纳入社会主义初级阶段基本经济制
度中，是因为非公有制经济
A.是社会主义性质的经济成分
B.是社会主义经济的重要组成部分
C.是为社会主义服务的经济成分
D.在社会主义初级阶段不占主体地位
7.党的十七大通过的党章把“和谐”与“富强、民主、文明”一起作为社会主义现代化建设的目标写入社会主义初级阶段的基本路线。其原因在于社会和谐是
A.中国特色社会主义的本质属性
B.中国传统文化的价值取向
C.社会建设的内在要求
D.解决收入分配差距的重要途径
8.深化文化体制改革，要坚持公益性文化事业和经营性文化产业协调发展。发展经营性文化产业的根本任务是
A.繁荣文化市场，满足人民群众多方面、多层次、多样化的文化需求
B.保障人民群众基本的文化权益
C.构建覆盖全社会的比较完备的公共文化服务体系
D.加快文化产业基地和区域性特色文化产业群建设
9.从1840年至1919年的80年间，中国人民对外来侵略进行了英勇顽强的反抗。但历史的反侵略战争，都是以中国失败、中国政府被迫签订丧权辱国的条约而告结束的。从中国内部因素来分析，其根本原因是
A.军事战略错误
B.社会制度腐败
C.经济技术落后
D.思想观念保守
10.1953年9月，彭德怀在一份报告中说，抗美援朝战争的胜利雄辩地证明：“西方侵略者几百年来只要在东方一个海岸上架起几尊大炮就可霸占一个国家的时代一去不复返了。”这场战争的胜利
A.结束了西方列强霸权主义的历史
B.打破了美国军队不可战胜的神话
C.奠定了民族独立人民解放的基础
D.赢得了近代以来中华民族反抗对敌入侵的第一次完全胜利
11.社会主义法律在国家和社会生活中的权威和尊严是建设社会主义法治国家的前提条件。法律权威是旧国家和社会管理过程中法律的地位和作用而言的，是指
A.法的强制性
B.法的不可违抗性
C.法的合理性
D.法的规范性
12.法律的指引作用主要是通过授权性规范、禁止性规范和义务性规范三种形式来实现的。其中义务性规范是告诉人们?
A.不得或者不准做什么
B.可以或者有权做什么
C.应当或者必须做什么
D.能够或者不能做什么
13.道德的功能是指道德作为社会意识的特殊形式对于社会发展所具有的功效与能力。其中最突出的也是重要的社会功能是
A.辩护功能
B.沟通功能
C.调节功能
D.激励功能
14.理想作为一种精神现象，是人类社会实践的产物。理想源于现实，又超越现实，在现实中有多种类型。从层次上划分，理想有
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m trai ning according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look,
2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the
2002 Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET． Since 1981，farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt“green”farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life．Farmers who have voluntarily adopted these measures are compensated by the European Union．The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modem fanning，such as declines in species diversity and the disturbance of local nesting grounds．The“green”methods of farming cost the European Union about 1.7 billion Euros annually．This is about 4 percent of the budget for“Common Agricultural Policy,”and the compensation is expected to rise to 10 percent within the next few years． Various forms of“green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals． Part V Writing(30 minutes，15 points) Directions：You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “What I Consider Important in Life”．Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below．
2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, t he nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'" Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17be a license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though 3． A.careless https://www.doczj.com/doc/9617636368.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder https://www.doczj.com/doc/9617636368.html,promise D.proposal 5． https://www.doczj.com/doc/9617636368.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over 7． A.linked B.directed C.chained https://www.doczj.com/doc/9617636368.html,pared 8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize 10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in 12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13． A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving https://www.doczj.com/doc/9617636368.html,peting 14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience
全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集精 编W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 第一部分：阅读选择（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分） 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A 第二部分：阅读判断（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分） 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.B 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分）16.C 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.F 21.D 22.F 23.B 24.C 25.A 第四部分：填句补文（第26-30题，每题1分，共10分） 26.F 27.A 28.C 29.B 30.D 第五部分：填词补文（第31-40题，每题1分，共10分） 31.G 32.K 33.I 34.J 35.A 36.B 37.L 38.D 39.H 40.E
第六部分：完型补文（第41-50题，每题1.5分，共15分） 41.planned 42.thoughs 43.worried 44.longer 45.really 46.unclear 47.behviour 48.done 49.hidden 50.easily 绝密★启用前 2014年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 （课程代码00015） 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分） 1、B 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、B 10、A 第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分） 11、D 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、A 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分） 16、C 17、D 18、A 19、B 20、F 21、D 22、F 23、E 24、A 25、C
山东省2011年4月高等教育自学考试(自考)英语二试卷英语（二）试题（课程代码：00015 考试时间：150分钟） 注意事项： 答案必须写在答题卡规定的区域内，未按要求在作答的答案无效。 PART ONE (50 POINTS) I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将答题卡的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1. It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that 2. Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything. The teacher will the main points at the end. A. recover B. review C. require D. remember 3. by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged 4. The art show was being a failure；it was a great success. A. far from B. along with C. next to D. regardless of 5. Ricky caught a cold yesterday, he had to stay at home. A. because B. but C. or D. so
2015年硕士研究生入学统一考试 英语二真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at —a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground. It's a sad reality —our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me." What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens? One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,” We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .” But once we rip off the Band-Aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed." 18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. 1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record 2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much 3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought 4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign 5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from 6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched 7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed 8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar 9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry 10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn 11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring 12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a g reat time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs Danaher, are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel perhaps different world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 【答案】[C] warning
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码00015) 本试卷共8页。满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。 3.第三一七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分：阅读判断(第l～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
第二部分：阅渎选择(第11～15题，每题2分，共l0分) 阅渎下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳 选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题l分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
第四部分：填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空自，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容 将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'" Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though 3． A.careless https://www.doczj.com/doc/9617636368.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder https://www.doczj.com/doc/9617636368.html,promise D.proposal 5． https://www.doczj.com/doc/9617636368.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over 7． A.linked B.directed C.chained https://www.doczj.com/doc/9617636368.html,pared 8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize 10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered