Electronic Teaching Portfolio
Book One
Unit One: College Life
Part I Get Started
Section A Discussion
▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.
1.You may have imagined what college life would be like before you became a college student. Has it turned
out to be what you expected? Provide examples in support of your answers.
2.Whenever you think about college life, what are some of the things that come to mind? Following the
examples given, make a list of such things in the following table. Share your answers with your group members and comment on each of the items you have listed as you go along.
College Life
assignments
deadlines
…
3.How do you like your college life so far? Give examples.
4.What do you think is the most important thing to achieve at college? Explain.
▇ Answers for reference:
1. Possible positive comments on college life may include the following:
academic atmosphere, good student accommodations, modern facilities for teaching and research, qualified professors, nice classmates, etc.
Possible negative comments on college life may include the following:
hard to get adjusted to the new environment, academic pressure, homesickness, problems in interpersonal relationships, poor food, etc.
2.
College Life assignments deadlines
tuition
projects friendship roommates
tests
teachers classmates graduation grades academic pressure
3. Possible examples are: carefree and colorful life, academic environment, friendship, a door leading to the outside world, etc.
However, college life may also be boring for some students, because most of their time is spent on study, and they are far away from home, etc.
4. Possible answers are: academic excellence, developing communicative skills and interpersonal relationships
Section B Quotes
▇Study the following quotes about education and see if you accept the ideas expressed in the quotes.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
⊙The things taught in schools and colleges are not an education, but the means to an education.
— Ralph Waldo Emerson
Interpretation:
We don’t go to school or college to learn, but to seek the way to learn.
About R. W. Emerson (1803–1882): R. W. Emerson,a US poet and writer who had great influence on the
religious and philosophical thought of his time.
W. B. Yeats
⊙ Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.
— W. B. Yeats
Interpretation:
Instead of stuffing students with knowledge, real education aims at bringing out what is inside students and
cultivating their potential.
About W. B. Yeats (1865–1939): W. B. Yeats, an Irish writer of poems and plays, whose early work is often
based on old Irish stories. He is considered one of the most important Irish writers, and he won the Nobel Prize
for Literature in 1923.
Galileo
⊙ You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself.
—Galileo
Interpretation:
Teaching doesn’t really help anyone, but it helps a person find out what he/she is good at.
About Galileo (1564–1642): Galileo, an Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist whose many
discoveries had a great influence on modern science. He discovered mountains and craters (月球表面的环形山) on the surface of the Moon, and his study of the changes in the appearance of V enus (金星) proved that it was moving around the Sun. He also discovered that if you drop objects of different weights from a high place, they fall at the same speed. He was punished by the inquisition (宗教法庭) because he believed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the centre of the universe.
Section C Watching and Discussion
▇Watch the following video clip “How to Select Your College major” and do the tasks that follow:
插入视频片段：―How to Select.wmv‖
1.Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.
Hi, this is Laura Turner, and today I’m going to talk to you about how to select your college major. I would like to tell you that if you select something that you love and that you’re passionate about, everything’s going t o be fine and you’re going to get a great job with your degree, but of course this is not completely true. However, when you’re going to college, your primary reason for going to college is to educate yourself, which means to make yourself a better person both intellectually, spiritually, mentally, all of these things.
2.Discuss the topic with your group members:
What are the recommended concerns in selecting a college major according to the video clip? And how did you choose your current major?
▇Answers for reference:
According to the video clip, the main concerns should be: first, to choose something you really enjoy;
second, to choose something your school is well known for.
Script:
Hi, this is Laura Turner, and today I’m going to talk to you about how to select your college major. I would like to tell you that if you select something that you love and that you’re passionate about,
everything’s going to be fine and you’re going to get a great job with your degree, but of course this is not completely true. However, when you’re going to college, your primary reason for going to college is to educate yourself, which means to make yourself a better person both intellectually, spiritually, mentally, all of these things. So, whenever you choose your major, I would say yes, do choose something that you enjoy, because really if you are just in it to get a degree that will get you a high-paying job and you’re not really passionate about this and you want to be an Engineering Major just because you know that’s going to make you into a high earning person, that may be the wrong reason to study it because you’re going to get overwhelmed over time because a degree takes, it’s four years out of your life that you’re going to be studying this thing. There has to be s omething beyond money, and beyond the job that’s going to keep you interested. So I would suggest picking something that you love as well as, hopefully, it will be
something that will get you a job. Also, my other point is, pick something that your school is well known for, something in your school, the major in your school that actually has really great professors to teach you. If you have a great English Department, if you have a great History Department, and you’re
passionate about those things, study with professors who are great and they can help turn a little bit of interest in a subject matter into a lifelong love of it. So good luck with choosing your major wisely.
Part II Listen and Respond
Section A Word Bank
freshman n. infml a student in the first year at college or university〖非正式〗大学一年级新生
in general for the most part; commonly, usually一般说来
anticipation n. the feeling one has when expecting something pleasant to happen期望；
预期
discovery n. a fact or thing that has been discovered被发现的事实、事物
definitely ad. without doubt; clearly无疑地，确实地
impression n. [(on)] an image or effect that is produced in the mind by a person, event,
experience, etc. [常与on连用] [人、事件、经历等留下的]印象；感想
head off move towards; go to朝……前进，向……去
related a. [(to)] connected in some way [常与to连用]有关系的
workload n. the amount of work that a person or machine is expected to do in a particular
period of time人或机器在一定时期的工作量，工作负担
challenge n. (something with) the quality of demanding competitive action, interest, or
thought挑战性；具有挑战性的事物
amount n. [(of)] a collection or mass considered as a unit in terms of its size, number, etc.
[常与of连用]总数，数额，数量
deadline n. a date or time before which something must be done or completed截止日期；最后期限
frustration n. the feeling of being annoyed, upset or impatient沮丧；失望
previous a. happening or existing before the one mentioned 在先的，在前的，以前的
patience n. [U] the ability to accept pain, trouble, anything that causes annoyance,
without complaining or losing one’s self-control 忍痛的能力，忍受力，耐性
diverse a. different (from each other); showing variety 各不相同的，各种各样的
relationship n. [(between, with)] a friendship or connection between people [常与
between或with连用]友谊；关系
so to speak as one might say 可谓，可以说，简直是
responsibility n. [U] [常与for连用]责任（心）；责任感，可信赖性
anticipate vt. think likely to happen, expect预期，期望
mission n. the particular work which one believes it is one’s duty to do职责；使命
inspiring a. that gives one the urge or ability to do great things激励人心的；启发灵感的
career n. a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for
part or the whole of one’s life职业；一生的事业
Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas
1. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.
1)In this monologue the speaker mainly talks about ________.
A)s tories about college life
B)t he life of college freshmen
C)c arefree life of college students
D)d ifferences between college and high school
2)According to the speaker, the freshman experience will ________.
A)e nable students to find true friendship
B)l eave a deep impression on every student
C)d ecide what a student can do in the future
D)t each students the importance of responsibility
▇Key:
1) B) 2) C)
2. Read the following statements and decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information contained in the listening passage. Write T for True and F for False in the space given before each statement.
1)________ Freshman experience is an unforgettable experience to college students.
2)________Students will feel just as comfortable in their first year at college as in their previous years when
they were in high school or back at home.
3)________ Students are able to find very good friends at college.
4)________ Learning to be responsible for oneself at college is very important.
5)________ Freshmen should not be concerned with their future careers.
▆Key:
1)T
2) F
3)T
4)T
5) F
Section C Task Two: Zooming in on the Details
Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.
1)The freshman year at college is, generally speaking, a time filled with _____________, some anxiety, and
_________________________________.
2)The workload will be ______________ and the major challenges of college work are a large amount of
___________________ and the short ______________.
3)College Friendship will be among the _____________________________ and
_______________________ of one’s life. It’s always exciting to discover how
________________________________ college relationships can be.
4)Students should remember that they are at college with an _____________________: they shouldn’t waste
time on ___________________________.
5)Going to college is not just to get a degree: it is to find out ___________________ and
____________________________________.
▇ Answers for reference:
1)The freshman year at college is, generally speaking, a time filled with anticipation, some anxiety, and
wonderful discoveries.
2)The workload will be heavier and the major challenges of college work are a large amount of reading and
writing and the short deadlines.
3)College friendship will be among the most satisfying and long-term of one’s life. It’s always exciting to
discover how wonderfully diverse college relationships can be.
4)Students should remember that they are at college with an anticipated mission; they shouldn’t waste time
on meaningless things.
5)Going to college is not just to get a degree; it is to find out who you are and what you are really made
for.
Script:
I am now a fourth-year student at college, but I can never forget my freshman year here. In general, it is a time filled with anticipation, some anxiety, and wonderful discoveries.
College is a lot different from high school. Your freshman experience will definitely make an impression on you. So, what can you expect as you head off into the wonderful world of higher education?
The first thing you’ll notice is the workload. It will be heavier than you ever experienced before. The major challenges of college work are the large amount of reading and writing, and the short deadlines. A related effect that can be brought on by the workload is doubt, frustration, and possibly loneliness. You’ll be
away from the comforts and friendships your home provided for you over the previous years.
During the freshman year, you’ll be making a lot of new friends. But you should continue to be yourself. Select your friends with the same care and patience you have always shown. Believe it or not, your college friendships will be among the most satisfying and long-term of your life. It’s always exciting to discover how wonderfully diverse college relationships can be.
You’ll also be on your own —you’ll be your own boss 24 hours a day, so to speak. But, remember, with freedom comes responsibility. You should always remember that you are at college with an anticipated mission. Don’t waste your time on meaningless things.
During the freshman year, you may even start thinking about your future. Maybe a certain professor is especially inspiring. Perhaps your school has some great research going on. If some area of study attracts you, find out all you can about it. It might be the beginning of your lifetime career. Going to college is not just to get a degree — it is to find out who you really are and what you are really made for.
Part III Read and Explore
Text A
Section A Discovering the Main Ideas
Exercise 1. Write down the main idea of the following paragraphs in the space provided.
1)Para 2: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
2)Para 3: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
3)Para 4: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
4)Para 5: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
5)Para 6: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
▆ Answers for reference:
1)Para 2: Top students attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles that others can
easily learn.
2)Para 3: Top students learn to be organized.
3)Para 4: Top students know how to schedule their time properly.
4)Para 5: Top students are very serious about school and very active in class.
5)Para 6: Students benefit from group study.
Exercise 2: Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement.
1)______ Being bright does not necessarily make one a straight-A student.
2)______ A top student knows how to balance between what is more important and what is less
important.
3)______ One student thinks that learning a new word while brushing his teeth helps him learn the
new word best.
4)______ A messy student may waste a lot of time.
5) ______ Professors may concentrate more on the neatness of an assignment than on its content.
6) ______ Students benefit more from group study than from individual study.
7)______ Pressure from parents is good for students.
▆ Answers for reference:
1)T
2)T
3) F The student does so in order to save time.
4)T
5) F The student who turns in neat work is a step closer to a high score.
6)T
7)F Encouragement rather than pressure from parents helps students a lot.
Exercise 3: Summarize the basic principles that top students master and apply in their studying and put them down in the space provided.
Basic Principles That Top Students Master and Apply
a.
b.
c.
d.
▆Answers for reference:
Basic Principles that Top Students Master and Apply
a. set priorities
b. study anywhere or everywhere
c. study at one’s preferred time
d. be consistent
Section B In-depth Study
Working towards academic excellence constitutes one of the most important parts of college life and is the goal of most college students. Straight-A students, in this respect, can be of great help by sharing their secrets in achieving academic excellence. Read the following text to find out what some of these secrets are.
Secrets of Straight-A Students
1 A professor of education who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students revealed that top grades do not always go to the brightest students. According to him, other education experts an d top students themselves, it is far more important for a student to know how to make the most of his or her innate abilities.
2 The students at the top of the class attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles that others can easily learn.To begin with, top students know how to set their priorities right. Study time is never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks.In other words, it is always placed above recreation. In addition, top students make a point of studying anywhere or everywhere. A top student who is also a top athlete memorises biology terms as he works out every day. Another student learns a new word every morning while brushing his teeth. Among all the students interviewed, every one agreed that study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some thrive at night when all is silent. Others prefer to study as soon as they come home from school when the lessons are fresh in their minds. However, all agreed that consistency is a main factor if one is to perform well at all times.
3 A student must also learn to be organised. For example, a top student who is actively involved in his school band, track and field, rugby association and debate team disclosed that he keeps his things in
their proper places because he simply cannot afford time-wasting searches. Another student immediately files the day’s notes in colour-coded folders so that they are available for review nearing examination time. Another technique advocated by top students is to read effectively. This includes speed-reading, improving one’s memory or retention ability, and actively asking questions that will lead to a full understanding of the author’s message.
4 It is also important for students to know how to schedule their time. They must know how to pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable and work ability so that they might not be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand. Being able to set timetables not only allows students more time to review and polish their work, it also prevents them from procrastinating. Top students believe that a secret of their success is the taking down of good notes during lessons and using them for revision. One student revealed that she writes notes from the text on one side of her notebook and those from her teachers’ lectures on the other side. This allows her to review both aspects of each lesson at once. The student also revealed that instead of wasting time whispering to friends and getting ready to rush out of the class just before the bell rings, she uses those few minutes to jot down a two or three-sentence summary of the lesson’s principal points. She then scans the notes to refresh her memory before the next day’s class.
5 Another winning formula which teachers promote lies in a student’s ability to hand in neat work. According to one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A. In the classroom context, it is equally important for students to speak up and ask questions. This is perhaps the best way for a student to clarify any doubts. Classroom participation also demonstrates a student’s intellectual curiosity. As a student concisely puts it, ―Better grades come from better understanding.‖
6 The value of studying together was demonstrated in an experiment conducted at one top university. The study revealed that students who discussed homework and problems together, tried different approaches and explained their solutions to one another scored higher than those who laboured on their own. The experiment also illuminated the value of hypothetical tests conducted among the students and on their own. This means that students frame tentative test questions based on their notes and give each other or themselves written examinations the day before a test. Experts confirmed that students who devise possible test questions often find many of the same questions during the real examination and thus score higher.
7 Another technique employed by top students is to do more than the assigned homework. A student revealed that if her teacher gives five problems, she will undertake ten. In the student’s words, ―Part of learning is practising. The more you practise, the more you learn.‖ Last but not least, all experts and top students agree that the most important ―secret‖ of super-achievers lies in the crucial contribution by parents. From infancy, super-achievers were taught the importance of learning by their parents. The latter set high standards for their children and held them to those standards. They encouraged their children in their studies but did not undertake the work for them. Instead of pressuring their children, these parents were always loving, gentle and took pains to explain and motivate. They impressed the lessons of responsibility on their children, and the children delivered.
（此课文没有更新，不需要配图说明。）
▇课文参考译文
优等生的秘诀
1 一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。
2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个人人都可以轻易学到的基本原则。首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时
间。换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。
3学生还必须学会有条理。举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。
4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。
5 老师们提倡的致胜秘诀是尽力让自己的作业整洁。有位老师说，学生交上整洁作业就已向高分迈进了一步。在课堂上大胆发言和提问也同样重要，这或许是学生澄清疑问的最好办法。课堂参与还能反映一个学生的求知欲。有个学生概括得好，“好成绩来自透彻的理解”。
6 在一所世界顶级大学进行的一项实验证明了小组学习的价值所在。研究表明，学生们如果一起讨论家庭作业和问题，尝试不同的解决办法，并且互相解释各自的答案，分数就会比那些单独用功的学生要高。实验也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。这就是说，学生们根据笔记设计可能的试题，在考试前一天相互之间进行书面测试或自测。专家们证实，那些能设计模拟试题的学生，往往会在正式考题中发现很多相同的试题，自然能得高分了。
7 优等生使用的另一个技巧是超额完成规定的家庭作业。一位学生透露，老师若是布置五道题，她会做上十道。用她的话说，“练习是学习的一部分。练得越多，学到的也越多。”最后一点同样不容忽视：所有的专家和优秀学生都认为，优等生们之所以成功，父母的功劳至关重要。从孩提时起，父母就给他们灌输学习的重要性，为他们制定高标准，并且引导他们达到这些标准。在学习方面他们给孩子以鼓励，而不是代劳。这些父母从不给孩子施加压力，永远都温柔慈爱，不厌其烦地解释和激励。他们使孩子们铭记肩负的责任，而孩子们则将其付诸实践。
Good Usage (Para. 1)
conducted major studies
super-achieving students
top grades
According to him
it is far more important
Good Usage (Para. 2)
attain academic excellence
mastering a few basic principles
how to set their priorities right
Study time is never compromised for phone calls
In other words
placed above recreation
In addition
make a point of
he works out every day
a matter of personal preference
as soon as
fresh in their minds
a main factor
Good Usage (Para. 3)
For example
is actively involved in
keeps his things in their proper places
files the days notes available for review
improving ones memory or retention ability
lead to a full understanding of the author’s message
Good Usage (Para.4)
schedule their time
pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand
set timetables
prevents them from procrastinating
wasting time whispering to friends
getting ready to rush out of the class
jot down a two- or three-sentence summary
scans the notes
refresh her memory
Good Usage (Para.5)
winning formula
lies in a students ability to hand in neat work
turns in neat work
on the way to scoring an A
In the classroom context
to speak up
to clarify any doubts
demonstrates a student s intellectual curiosity
concisely puts it
Better grades come from better understanding.
Good Usage (Para.6)
tried different approaches
explained their solutions to one another
laboured on their own
frame tentative test questions
devise possible test questions
Good Usage (Para.7)
In the student’s words
The more you practise, the more you learn.
Last but not least
lies in the crucial contribution by parents
set high standards
took pains to explain
Key Words and Expressions for Text A
conduct vt.
carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead 进行；实施；经营；处理；陪伴；引导，带领
e.g. 1. These studies were conducted by four teams that coordinated their work.
2. We are conducting a survey to find out what the customers think of our service.
我们在进行一项调查以了解顾客对我们服务的看法。
Collocations:
conduct a meeting 主持会议
conduct an investigation 进行调查
reveal vt.
make known sth. that was previously secret or unknown 揭示，透露；使（事实等）显露出来
e.g. 1. Details of the murder were revealed by the local newspaper.
2. He didn’t want to reveal his real feelings.
他不想露出他的真实情感。
Collocations:
reveal sth. to sb. 向某人透露某事
reveal sb. to be 显示某人是
make the most of
get the best advantage from 最大限度利用
e.g. 1. Jim studied hard in the training class; he wanted to make the most of his chance to learn.
2. The occasion only comes once in five years, and they naturally make the most of it.
这个机会五年才有一次，他们当然会充分利用。
attain vt.
fml gain or arrive at, esp. after long effort; reach〖正式〗（长期努力后）获得，达到
e.g. 1. He attained fame through many years of hard work.
2. We need to identify the best ways of attaining our goals.
我们需要确定达到我们目标的最好方法。
CF: attain, achieve & accomplish
这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。
attain指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如：
* She finally attained her ends. 她终于达到了她的目的。
* Kacy attained the rank of deputy director. 凯茜当上副经理了。
achieve指由于付出努力而理所当然地实现目标、获得成功。例如：
* He will never achieve his objectives if he does not work harder. 如果不加倍努力的话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。
accomplish指完成规定的任务。例如：
* He accomplished the building of the bookcase. 他做完了一个书橱。
to begin with
in the first place; firstly 首先；第一点
e.g. 1.I’m not going; to begin with, I haven’t a ticket, and secondly I don’t like the play.
2. To begin with, John is too young for that kind of job.
首先，约翰做那种工作太年轻了。
in addition (to)
as well (as); besides 除……之外；另外
e.g. 1. In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical
experience.
2. In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of other activities.
除了学习以外，我参加了许多其他活动。
make a point of doing sth.
take particular care about sth. 特别注意，重视；总是要做（某事）
e.g. 1. I always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.
2. She makes a point of keeping all her shopping receipts.
她总是把所有的购物发票都留起来。
perform vi.
do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony, etc.), esp. according to a usual or established method; give, act, or show (a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.), esp. in the presence of the public 履行，实行，完成；表演
e.g. 1. John has been training very hard and he hopes he will perform better for the 100-metre dash.
2. Some computers can perform over a billion computations a second.
有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。
CF: perform & conduct
这两个动词均有“做、在行动中执行任务”之意。
perform指履行义务、职责或执行命令，所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如：
* He wouldn’t promise what he could not perform. 他不会许下无法兑现的承诺。
conduct指挥、实现、进行，词义接近perform，但强调指导、领导或监督。例如：
* The interview was conducted in English. 面试用英语进行。
involve vt.
[(in, with)] (of a situation or action) have as the people or things taking part [常与in或with连用] （情况、行动）使陷入，使卷入；牵涉，涉及
e.g. 1. Fanny is actively involved in the drama association of our college.
2. I didn’t mean to get you so much involved in the matter.
我本不想让你这么深地卷入这件事中来。
file
1. vt.put (papers or letters) in a file 把（文件、信件）汇存起来，把……存卷（归档），存档
e.g. 1) These notes should be carefully filed away for future reference.
2) We file these reports under country of origin.
我们按照原籍国家把这些报告归档保存。
2. n. a box, folder, etc. for storing papers in an ordered way, esp. in an office （办公室内的）文件
匣（夹）
3. n. a line of people one behind the other 纵列
4. vi. march in a file 排成纵队前进
e.g. They filed slowly past the grave of their leader. 他们排成一列缓缓地走过他们领袖的坟墓。advocate vt.
speak in favour of; support (an idea or plan), esp. publicly 拥护，提倡，主张
e.g.1. The committee doesn’t advocate the use of violence.
2. Many people advocate building more hospitals.
许多人主张增设医院。
schedule
1. vt. [(for) usu. pass.] plan for a certain future time [常与for连用]［一般用于被动语态］排定；
预定；把……安排在
e.g. 1)The opening ceremony (开幕式) is scheduled to take place on the coming Thursday.
2) He is scheduled to leave for London next Monday.
他预定下星期一动身去伦敦。
2. n. a planned list or order of things to be done, dealth with, etc. 预定要做事情的安排；计划（表）；程
序表；日程表
Collocations:
on schedule 按照时间表，准时
ahead of / behind schedule 提前/落后于时间表
be scheduled for June / Monday, etc. 安排在六月/周一等
be scheduled for release / publication / completion, etc. 计划发布/出版/完成等
be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事
overwhelm vt.
[usu. passive] give too much of a thing to sb. [常用于被动语态]使受不了，使不知所措
e.g. 1. We were all overwhelmed by grief when we heard the news that over 4000 people lost their lives
during the earthquake.
2. I was quite overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support I received.
我收到的所有鲜花和支持信件使我激动得不能自已。
at hand
rather fml near in time or place 〖较正式〗即将到来，在手边，在近处
e.g. 1. When she writes, she always keeps a dictionary at hand so as to ensure that she uses every word
correctly and appropriately.
2. Always have your reference books near at hand.
要经常把参考书摆在手边。
polish vt.
improve by practicing; make smooth, bright, and shiny by continual rubbing （通过练习）改进，改善；擦亮
e.g.1. I’ll need to polish (up) my French if I’ m going to France for my holiday.
2. Please polish your shoes with a brush.
请用刷子把你的鞋擦亮。
take down
write sth. down in order to make a record of it 记录
e.g. 1. Anything you say will be taken down, and may be used in evidence.
2. He asked his secretary to take down every word he said.
他让他的秘书记下他说的每一句话。
refresh one’s memory
remind oneself / sb. of facts by referring to notes, etc. （借助笔记等）使自己（某人）想起
e.g. 1. In the middle of his speech he had to refresh his memoy by looking at his notes.
2. I looked the word up in the dictionary to refresh my memory of its exact meaning.
我在词典里查了这个单词，以便更清楚地记得它的确切意思。
promote vt.
help the progress of (sth.); encourage or support 提倡；促进；助长
e.g. 1. The organization works to promote friendship between nations.
2. The Prime Minister’s visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。
lie in
(of abstract things) exist in the form of (sb. or sth.) 在于
e.g. 1. The problem lies in the fact that they do not have a competent leader.
2. Our strengths lie in problem solving.
我们的优势在于解决问题的能力。
on the way to
about to obtain sth.; in the course of becoming or doing sth. 正在获得；正在变成；正在做
e.g. 1. I’m now out of hospital and well on the way to recovery.
2. A closed economy will not put a country on the way to prosperity.
闭关自守的经济不会使一个国家富起来。
speak up
give one’s opinion freely and clearly 畅所欲言，清楚地表明看法
e.g. 1. You should never be frightened of speaking up your beliefs under any circumstances.
2. If you thought that wasn’t fair, why didn’t you speak up?
如果你认为那不公平，为什么不说出来？
clarify vt.
fml make clearer and easier to understand, esp. by explaining and giving more details 〖正式〗澄清，讲清楚，阐明
e.g 1. If you don’t understand, ask the speaker to clarify the point.
2. I hope that what I say will clarify the situation.
我希望我说的话能讲清楚这一情况。
demonstrate vt.
prove or make clear (a fact), esp. by reasoning or providing examples; show or describe clearly （以推理或举例等）论证，证明，证实
e.g. 1. Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.
2. Our troops demonstrate remarkable courage.
我们的队伍表现出无比的勇敢。
approach
1.n. [ C (to)] a method of doing sth. or dealing with a problem [常与to连用]方法；步骤
e.g. 1) She took a wrong approach in solving the problem; that was why she failed.
2) I’ve just read an interesting book whic h has a new approach to Shakespeare.
我刚读了一本有趣的书，它采用了一种新的方法来研读莎士比亚。
2. n. [C (to)] a way of getting in [常与to连用]通路，入口
e.g. All approaches to the town were blocked. 通往该镇的所有道路都被封锁了。
3. n. [U (of)] the act of coming nearer and nearer [常与of连用]靠近；接近；临近
e.g. Our approach drove away the wild animals. 我们一走近，野兽全都跑开了。
4. https://www.doczj.com/doc/987593971.html,e near or nearer (to) in space, time, quality, or quantity 走近；靠近，接近
e.g. The time is approaching when we will have to leave. 我们要离开的时刻越来越近了。
on one’s own
without help 独立地，无援地
e.g. 1. Although she is still rather weak after the operation, she can now live on her own.
2. I can’t carry it on my own; it’s too heavy.
我一人拿不动，这东西太重了。
base on
[usu. pass.] use as grounds, evidence, etc. for sth. else ［一般用于被动语态］以某事物为另一事物的根据﹑证据等
e.g. 1. He based his research results on his own practical experiences in the countryside.
2. I feel he’s doing something wrong, but I’ve got nothing to base it on.
我感到他做错了什么事，可我又没有证据。
confirm vt.
give support or certainty to (a fact, belief, statement, etc.), e.g. by providing more proof or by stating that sth.thing is true or correct 证实；进一步确定
e.g. 1. It has been confirmed that Barbara will play the principal part in the new movie.
2. I just want to confirm that all the arrangements have been made.
我要确认所有计划都安排好了。
devise vt.
plan or invent, esp. cleverly策划；想出；设计；发明
e.g. 1. Long-term objectives must be devised if you want to run your business successfully.
2. A vehicle was devised a few years ago which permitted movement over difficult land and could fly
for a short distance.
几年前人们设计了一种交通工具，它能在难于行走的地面上行动并能短距离飞行。
employ vt.
fml use〖正式〗使用
e.g. 1. The police had to employ force to enter the building.
2. We employ different technical tools for the reception and evaluation of the heat energy.
我们使用不同的技术工具接收和测量热能。
assign vt.
[(to)] give as a share or duty [常与to连用]分配；分派，指派
e.g. 1. He was assigned to work in a research centre in the army.
2. We’ve assigned Chris to the advertising campaign.
我们已经把广告宣传的工作布置给了克里斯。
undertake vt.
(undertook, undertaken) take up or accept (a duty or piece of work, esp. one that is difficult or needs effort) 承担，接受（责任、艰苦的工作等）
e.g. 1. She undertook responsibility for the failure in our marketing project.
2. If you undertake the project, you are bound to encounter difficulties.
如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。
Collocations:
undertake a task 承担一项任务
undertake to do sth. 承担做某事的任务
pressure vt. & n.
(try to) make (sb.) do sth. by using strong or unfair influence; forceful influence; strong persuasion 对……施加压力；压力
e.g. 1. We shouldn’t be pressured into making has ty decision; instead, we must take all things into
consideration.
2. The chairperson accepted our proposal under pressure.
主席在压力下接受了我们的提议。
Collocations:
pressure sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
pressure sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
take pains to do sth.
take great care or make a careful effort to do sth. 煞费苦心（做）；（为……）费尽心机
e.g. 1. He took great pains to learn Spanish because he wanted to travel in South America.
2. Do you think it worthwhile to take such pains to do this job?
你这么费心做这事，你觉得值得吗？
motivate vt.
provide (sb.) with a (strong) reason for doing sth. 激发，激励，使……产生动机
e.g. 1. The new plan is devised to motivate employees to work more efficiently.
2. Every manager must motivate and encourage his employees.
每个管理者都必须激励和鼓励他的雇员。
Difficult Sentences for Text A
1.… it is far more important for a student to know how to make the most of his or her innate abilities.
(Para. 1)
Q: What does this sentence imply?
A: Being bright doesn’t necessarily make one a top student. What is of more importance is that he / she learns how to make the best use of the abilities that he / she is born with.
2. The students at the top of the class attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles that others can easily learn. (Para. 2)
Q: According to the above sentence, how can one become a top student?
A: Anyone can be a top student if he / she adopts some basic principles that are not difficult for others to learn.
3. Study time is never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks. (Para. 2)
Q: Please paraphrase this sentence.
A: They never give up study time to make phone calls, watch television or have snacks, for it would be against their principles to do so.
4. According to one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A. (Para. 5)
Q: What does this sentence imply?
A: One professor said that the student who turns in a piece of neat work is likely to get a very good score.
Extended Questions
▇ Extended questions (Para. 1)
Q: Do you think one needs to be bright to become a top student?
A: Not necessarily so. Diligence and better use of one’s innate abilities are very important.
▇ Extended questions (Para. 2)
Q: Based on your own study habits, do you agree with the views of those students interviewed?
A: (Open.)
▇ Extended questions (Para. 4)
Q1: Reflect on your own study habits. What are some of your own learning strategies in terms of getting organized?
A1: Possible answers are:
●previewing lessons before class;
●reviewing lessons after class;
●taking good notes in class;
●ensuring a fixed amount of time for study on a daily basis;
●finishing assignments or projects days before the deadline;
●scanning the notes taken in class before the next day’s class;
Q2: Do you think good learning strategies are important in your studies?
A2: Good strategies are certain to enhance learning, e.g. advance organizers, selective attention, self-management, repetition, note-taking, grouping, contextualization, inferencing, and cooperation.
▇ Extended questions (Para. 5)
Q: What is the possible reason to account for the idea that ―the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A‖?
A: A piece of neat work reflects, to some extent, the effort the student has made in doing his work.
Furthermore, a piece of neat work may have some psychological impact on the professor who reads it.
Normally people tend to give a higher score to a piece of neat work, other things being equal.
▇ Extended questions (Para. 6)
Q1: What does t he word ―labour‖ reveal about studying on one’s own?
A1: When someone labours to do something, that person does it with difficulty. By using ―labour‖ to describe studying on one’s own, the writer emphasizes the value of group study.
Q2: Which do you prefer, study in a group or studying alone?
A2: Possible answers: I prefer group study because I may learn better by discussing homework and problems together with my partners.
I don’t like group work, as I feel I’m most efficient when studying alone.
▇ Extended questions (Para.7)
Q1: Do you believe in the saying ―The more you practise, the more you learn.‖? Why?
A1: Possible answers: I agree with the saying ―The more you practise, the more you learn.‖ However, I also hold the value of thorough understanding rather than mechanical memorization.
Q2: Do you think parents play an influential role in the academic life of a child?
A2: Yes, I think my parents play an influential role in my academic life in terms of family environment, parents as role models, and parenting skills, etc.
Section C Voicing Your Views
Work in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.
1)Do you know any other secrets towards academic excellence besides those mentioned in Text A? If so,
share them with your classmates.
2)Which is more important to you on your way towards academic excellence, intelligence or diligence (勤奋
刻苦)? Why do you think so?
3)Do you think parental influence is a very important factor in a child’s academic excellence? Why or why
not?
4)Do you often participate in group study? Why or why not?
▆Answers for Reference:
1)Other possible secrets are:
find out the learning strategies that best suit oneself;
consult more references;
do extra reading;
take a short break when tired; etc.
2)Possible answers are: I opt for intelligence because some people hold that one can’t be a top student if
he/she is not bright enough.
I think that diligent work always pays off.
3)Possible answers: I think good parental influence usually has positive effects on the children because
parents are role models and first teachers of their children.
4)Possible answers: Yes, I like group study because I learn better by discussing homework and problems
together with my classmates.
No, I don’t like group work, as I feel I are most efficient when studying alone.
Text B
Section A Key Words and Expresssions
Key Words:
economic a.peer n.self-induced a.charge vt.
victim n.economy n.tuition n.fee n.
sum n.accumulate vt.loan n.financial a
tough a.determination https://www.doczj.com/doc/987593971.html,b n.dentist n.
web n.steer vt.secure a.major vi.
classics a.practical a.faculty n. creative a.
specific a.profession n.severe a.truly ad.
obligated a.fulfill vt.expectation n.dean n
dawn n.tension n.approach vi.due a.
oversleep vi.multiply vt.deliberately ad.perceive vt.
psychologically ad.ultimately ad.trap vt.unique a.
economic a. [no comp.] connected to trade, industry, and the management of money; of economics ［无比较级］经济（上）的；经济学的
e.g. What has gone wrong with the economic system during the last ten years?
The country has been in a very poor economic state ever since the decline of its two major industries. peer n.fml or tech a person of the same age, class, position, etc., as oneself 〖正式或术语〗同辈，等级、地位等相同的人；同龄人
e.g. Children are worried about failing in front of their peers.
These children scored significantly lower on intelligence tests than others in their peer group.
self-induced a. brought on by oneself or itself 自身引起的
e.g. Most of the troubles he is now faced with are self-induced.
charge 1. vt. [(for)] ask in payment [常与for连用] 要价；（向……）收费；索取（金额）
e.g. I could not believe that the restaurant charged us 500 yuan for such a simple dinner.
The local museum doesn’t charge for admission.
2. v.rush (as if) in an attack （向……）进攻，冲锋；冲向
e.g. The children charged into the playground.
3. vt.bring an esp. criminal charge against; accuse 控告；指控
e.g. He was charged with the robbery.
4.vt. fml instruct or command; give as a duty or responsibility 〖正式〗指示；命令；使负责
e.g. She charged me to look after her son.
5.v.(cause to) take in and store electricity （使）充电
e.g. If the red light comes on, it means the battery is charging.
victim n. [(of)] a person, animal, or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, destruction, etc., as a re sult of other people’s acti ons, or of illness, bad luck, etc. [常与of连用]牺牲者，受害者
e.g. The children are the innocent victims of the fighting.
There is no doubt that he looked upon himself as the victim of injustice.
Collocations:
an innocent victim of ……的无辜受害者
an accident / earthquake victim 事故/地震受害者
fall victim to 受……之害
economy n. [C] the system by which a country’s wealth is produced and used 经济体制，经济情况e.g. Tourism contributes millions of pounds to the country’s economy.
An atmosphere of pessimism pervades the economy.
Collocations:
a collective / free-market economy 集体/自由市场经济
a national / planned economy 国民/计划经济
tuition n.esp. AmE the price of or payment for instruction 〖尤美〗学费
e.g. Few can afford the tuition of $12,000 a term.
My uncle will pay my tuition and also provide for my living expenses.
fee n. a sum of money paid for professional services to a doctor, lawyer, private school, etc. （付给医生、律师等的）专业服务费；（私立学校的）学费
e.g. The doctor’s fee was fifty dollars for a complete physical examination.
I thought the accountant’s fee rather high.
sum n.[C (of)] an amount (of money); the total produced when numbers, amounts, etc., are added together[常与of 连用]金额；和；总数，总和
e.g. I had to spend a large sum of money to get my car repaired because I didn’t have insurance.
Huge sums of money are spent on national defense.
accumulate vt.make or become greater in quantity or size, esp. over a long period; collect or grow into a mass 积累，积聚
e.g. I have accumulated a lot of things over the last four years.
As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes.
loan n. sth. which is lent, esp. money 借出之物，借（贷）款
e.g. We took out a loan with low interest to expand the business.
She’s trying to get a $50,000 loan to start her own business.
Collocations :
raise a loan 筹借一笔贷款
make a loan to 贷款给……
get / receive a loan 得到/获得贷款
pay off / repay a loan 清偿借款
financial a. connected with money and finance 财政的；金融的
e.g. The City of London is a great financial centre of the world.
We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
tough a. difficult to do or deal with; not easy; needing effort 难对付的，困难的，费力的
e.g. The company faces tough competition.
It’s one of the best colleges and it’s very tough to get into.
determination n. [U] the ability to make firm decisions and act in accordance with them; strong will to succeed 决断力；决心；决意，决定
e.g. She is a woman of great determination who always tries to get what she wants.
They’re pursuing their aims with great determination.
lab n. infml laboratory 〖非正式〗试验室
e.g. Lab tests suggest that the new drug may be used to treat cancer.
I don’t know the names of the objects in this lab.
dentist n. a person who has been professionally trained to treat the teeth 牙科医生
e.g. You should have your teeth checked by a dentist at least twice a year.
I must make an appointment with the dentist.
web n. a net of thin threads made esp. by spiders to catch insects （尤指蜘蛛的）网
e.g. We watched a spider spin a web between three tall grass stems.
He had created a spider’s web of communications.
steer vt. make (esp. a boat or road vehicle) go in a particular direction 驾驶（车、船）朝……走；操纵（车、船的方向盘）
e.g. He steered the boat carefully between the rocks.
Our garage door isn’t very wide and it’s quite difficult to steer the car through it.
secure a. [(from, against)] safe; protected against danger or risk; closed, firm, or tight enough for safety [常与from或against连用]安全的；没有危险的，受保护的；紧闭的；牢固的，可靠的
e.g. Since I’m a college student now, my parents are able to feel secure about my future.
Car manufacturers ought to produce vehicles which are more secure against theft.
classics n. the languages, literature, and history of ancient Greece and Rome古希腊和古罗马的语言，文学及历史；（大学）古典学课程
e.g. Students could choose between studying a second foreign language or classics.
practical a. connected with action, practice, or actual conditions and results, rather than with ideas 实践的，实际的
e.g. You should find a more practical method of getting the job done.
What’s the use of theoretical knowledge that has no practical application?
faculty n. [(of)] a natural power of the mind or body; an ability or skill [常与of连用]天赋，才能，能力
Text A compelled 迫使destruction 破坏eternal 永恒的output 产量retreat 撤退threaten 威胁transfer 转移Text B bare 赤裸consumed 耗尽have emerged 出现hollow 空心mass 大量miracle 奇迹pile 一堆scrape擦spark 火星thereby 由此tipped 顶端trigger 触发 1. If you had had a spark of consideration for your family ,you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks. 如果你有为你的家人多一点考虑，你就不会有那么多愚蠢的风险。 2. Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines. 由于缺乏劳动力这个村的妇女甚至被迫在煤矿工作。 3. We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded, while others bare and wild. 我们穿过了美丽的农村巨大的群山，其中一些美丽的绿色和繁茂的，而其他人赤裸的和野生。 4. The cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands. 清洁脱掉外套，开始擦去炉上的灰烬随着他的赤裸的双手。 5. People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed. 人们已经感受到环境破坏方面的威胁，因为有60％的森林已被破坏 6. The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private can this year due to the improved working efficiency. 汽车公司已经看到了今年由于提高了工作效率，私人产量大幅增加。 7. Under the severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat from front. 在敌机的严厉打击下，前面的部队被迫撤退。 8. When I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses, I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison. 当我来到一个长颈鹿躺在草，我发现它已经被带毒尖矛杀死。 9. He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a(n) miracle. 他在无遮档的小船上呆了八天,又无食物,还活下来了,这真是个奇迹。 10. Survival of the Fittest is an eternal truth of nature. 适者生存是一个自然界的永恒的真理。 11. His hear sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails, memos and telephone messages on his desk. 他听到沉没时，他看到邮件的新的一堆，在他的书桌上的备忘录和电话留言。 12. The military government refused to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government. 军事政府拒绝将权力移交给一个民选的文官政府. 13. In that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war, and there is a real danger of mass starvation. 在那个地区近六百万人受到干旱和内战的影响，并有大规模饥荒的一个真正的危险。 14. Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail, thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust. 谁是严重不负责任的邮政服务人员故意延迟发送邮件，致使公共信任的巨大损失。 15. With the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises, various kinds of financial disputes have emerged. 随着外资企业的增加，各类经济纠纷的出现。 16. The earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life. 地震可能引发的山体滑坡造 成巨大的破坏和生命损失。 17. Deforesting and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environment. 毁林和全球变暖的威胁破坏我们的环境的当前和未来的态。 18. It was reported that almost 7 million liters consumed during the 16-day beer festival in Germany that year. 据报道，每年大约7000000 公升的啤酒节的16 天在德国消耗。 19. On a bitterly cold night, the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of a great tree. 在一个寒冷的夜晚，他能找到的唯一的栖身之处是空心的大树的树干。
新世纪大学英语第三册原文每段翻译U UNIT 6：Culture Shock |文化冲击| Kalervo Oberg We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure. 1 我们不妨把文化冲击称为突然置身国外的人们所得的职业病。和大部分疾病一样，这种病有其独特的起因、症状和疗法。 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues. 2 文化冲击是因为我们失去熟悉的社会交往标记和符号而产生的焦虑所促成。这些标志或暗示包括我们应付日常生活各种情境时使用的诸多方式方法：与人会面时何时握手、该说些什么；在什么时间、以什么方式付小费；如何吩咐佣人；怎样购物；何时该接受、何时该拒绝他人的邀请；别人说的话，何时该当真，何时不该当真。这些暗示可以是语言、手势、面部表情、风俗习惯或社会行为标准。我们在成长的过程中获得了这些暗示，就像我们的语言和我们所接受的信仰一样，它们已经成为我们文化的一部分。我们所有的人都依赖成百上千个这样的暗示才能拥有宁静的心境，过上高效率的生活。 Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: a€?The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.a€? When Americans or other foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people a€”you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ■ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: positive startled perspective harden shape address crises curse incredible 10) conversely 11) issue 12) response 13) prior 14) rare 15) accomplish 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: get the hang of have lived through makes a difference have no idea concerned with slipped over ran into in reverse mull over ■ I ncreasing Your Word Power 1. D ecide whether “do ”, “make ”or “take ”is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. ■ A nswers: does make take do make Take done taken making ))))))))) ))))))))) ))))))))) 10) took
陌生人的善意 1. 一年夏天，我从家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍城开车前往新奥尔良。在沙漠深处，我碰到一个年轻人站在路旁。他一只手打出拇指向外的手势，另一只手里拿着一个汽油罐。我直接从他身边开过去了。别人会停下来的，我想。再说，那汽油罐只是个让车停下、好抢劫司机的幌子而已。在这个国家，曾有那么一段时间，你要是对需要帮助的人置之不理，大家会认为你是混蛋，而如今你要是帮了你就是笨蛋。到处潜伏着犯罪团伙、吸毒上瘾者、杀人犯、强奸犯、盗窃犯还有劫车犯，为什么要冒险呢？“我不想卷进去”已经成为全国性的信条。 2. 开过了几个州以后，我还在想着那个想搭便车的人。把他一个人留在沙漠中倒并没有让我有多么不安。让我不安的是，我多么轻易地就做出了这个决定。我甚至根本没把脚从油门上抬起来。我很想知道，现在还有人会停车吗？ 3. 我想到我此行的目的地——新奥尔良。那里是田纳西·威廉姆斯的剧作《欲望号街车》的背景地。我回想起布兰奇·杜波依斯的名句：“我总是依赖陌生人的善意。” 4. 陌生人的善意。听起来好怪。如今这年头还有谁能指望陌生人的善意吗？ 5. 要验证这一点，一个办法是一个人从东海岸旅行到西海岸，不带一分钱，完全依靠美国同胞的善意。他会发现一个什么样的美国？谁会给他饭吃、让他歇脚、捎他一程呢？ 6. 这个念头激起了我的好奇心。但谁会这么不切实际、愿意去尝试这样一次旅行呢？好吧，我想，那不如我来试试？ 7. 满37岁那个星期，我意识到我这辈子还从没冒过什么险呢。所以我决定来个观念的跨越，美洲大陆那么宽——从太平洋去大西洋，不带一分钱。要是有人给我钱，我会拒绝。我只接受搭顺风车、提供食物和让我歇脚的帮助。这将是穿越这片金钱至上的土地上一次无钱的旅行。我的最终目的地是北卡罗来纳州的“恐惧角”（即开普菲尔），它象征着我沿途必须克服的所有恐惧。 8. 1994年9月6日，我早早起床，背起一个50磅重的包，朝金门桥走去。我从背包里拿出一个牌子，向过路的车辆展示我的目的地：“美利坚”。 9. 司机们隔着挡风玻璃念出这个词，然后笑了。两个女人骑自行车经过。“有点含混，”其中一个说。一名带有德国口音的年轻男士走上前来问，“你这个‘美利坚’在哪儿？”10. 实际上，整整六个星期的时间里我试图找出答案。我搭了82次便车，行程4223英里，穿越了14个州。在旅途中，我发现其他人跟我一样有担心。人们总是在警告我当心别的某个地方。在蒙大拿州，他们叫我留神怀俄明州的牛仔，而在内布拉斯加州，人们提醒我说艾奥瓦州的人可不如他们友好。 11. 然而，在我所去的每个州，我都受到了友善的对待。我诧异于美国人执意帮助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看来与自己的最大利益相冲突时他们也绝不袖手旁观。有一天，在内布拉斯加，一辆四门小轿车在路肩停下。我走到车窗边，看到两位穿着节日盛装的瘦小老妇人。12. “我知道这年头不该带搭便车的，但这里前不着村后不着店的，不停车感觉真不好。”自称“维”的司机说。她和姐姐海伦是去内布拉斯加的安斯沃思看眼疾的。 13. 她们为我停了车，我都不知道是该亲吻她们呢还是该责备她们。这个女人是在告诉我，她宁肯冒生命危险也不愿意因为没为一个站在路边的陌生人停车而感到内疚。她们在一个高速路口把我放下时，我望着维。我们俩异口同声地说，“小心。” 14. 有一次我在雨中没能搭上便车。一名长途卡车司机停了车，他把刹车踩得那么重，车子都在草地路肩上滑行了一段。司机告诉我他有一次被搭便车的人持刀抢劫了。“但我不愿意看到有人在雨里站着。”他补充说，“现在大家都没有良心了。” 15. 然而，我发现，总体而言，人们还是挺有同情心的。艾奥瓦州一对中年夫妇为了帮我找宿营地领着我走了一个小时。在南达科他州，一个女人让我在她家住了一晚之后递给我两张
BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式
我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。
(1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(let alone) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk! (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim, in one’s opinion） Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with） To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(according to） According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume, equivalent) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant) We have passed all relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’s no use) There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(on one’s part) It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide …with) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) 这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similar to) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(base on) The film is based on a play by Shakespeare (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(have an advantage over) If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.
UNIT1 人在自然界 1) 人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。 2) 人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。 3) 随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。 4) 然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。 5) 目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。 6) 现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。 7) 久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and
Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before
优等生的秘诀 1 一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。 2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个基本原则。首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。 3 学生还必须学会有条理。举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。 4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。 5 老师们提倡的致胜秘诀是尽力让自己的作业整洁。有位老师说，学生交上整洁作业就已向高分迈进了一步。在课堂上大胆发言和提问也同样重要，这或许是学生澄清疑问的最好办法。课堂参与还能反映一个学生的求知欲。有个学生概括得好，“好成绩来自透彻的理解”。