Unit 2 instrument
What is a negotiable instrument?（流通票据）
In a broad sense: any commercial title of ownership
valuable securities and evidences
Examples
bills of exchange, promissory notes, checks, bills of lading, treasury bills, insurance policies ,certificate of deposits and so on
?In a narrow sense:
An unconditional ______ or_____ to pay an amount of money that is easily transferable from one person to another
?Examples:
bills of exchange, promissory notes, and checks.
?Negotiability:
the title to a negotiable instrument can be passed from person to person by mere delivery or by endorsement followed by delivery
Example : “bearer” “specified person ”
?Requisite in form (要式性）
It must be in form of a document containing required items:
? a. the name of a negotiable instrument
? b. unconditional order or promise to pay;
? c. a fixed amount of money;
? d. issuing date and due date;
? e. names and places of the drawer, the payee and the drawee;
? f. the signature of the drawer.
?Non-causative nature （无因性）
exists independent of the commercial relations,
the transferee will not mind how the instrument is generated
Recoursement (可追索性）
?Drawer 出票人
?Drawee 受票人
?Payee
?Acceptor 承兑人
?Endorser 背书人
?Endorsee 被背书人
?Holder 持票人
?Definition:
Under B/E Act 1882 of the UK:
an unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it , requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer.
1.It must contain “Bill of Exchange”, ”Draft”
2. An unconditional order:
a. the order should be carried out without any conditions:
b. Expressed in an imperative sentence.
3. Date and place of issue: normally issued in the place where the drawer resides
9/8/2012
4. Tenor: the due date of a bill on which the drawee should effect payment
Two types: sight bills(即期）, usance bills（远期）
Usance bills
a. Payable at a fixed time after sight (见票后定期付款）
“pay at 30 days after sight” “ at 60 days after sight” “ three months after sight”
the due date is based on accepting date
Payable at a fixed time after date（出票后定期付款)
The due date is based on the date of issue
“pay at 30 days after date” “ 60 days after date” three months after date”
c. Payable on a fixed future date: a specified event that is certain to happen .（定日付款）“pay at 60 days after presentment of the documents”,
“ three months after the death of A”
“pay at three months after John gets married”
Rules for calculating the due date of a bill:
a. If the paying date is non-business day---it should be paid on the succeeding business day.
b. “after” and “from”: according to UCP600 ,when the two words are used the maturity date exclude the date mentioned.
“10 days after March 1” or “ 10 days from March 1” ----the maturity date____________.
6. Name of the payee
Restrictive order:
not transferable/ not negotiable
“Pay to liming only”
“pay to Liming not transferable”
Demonstrative order/indicative order
negotiable/transferable by endorsement
“ pay to the order of Liming”
“ pay to Liming or order”
“pay to Liming ”
Bearer order:
Negotiable, endorsement is not required, not safe
“ pay to the bearer”
7. Signature:
“ for ”, “ on behalf of ”, “ for and on behalf of”
“ per pro”
“For ABC Corporation., London”
(signature)
John Smith, Manager
Three key parties:
The drawer, the drawee, the payee
2. Additional parties:
the acceptor, the endorser, the endorsee
the holder, the discounter, the guarantor
?Expression describing the three immediate parties:
“ the bill is drawn by A on B payable to C”
A----- DRA WER
B-----DRA WEE
C-----PA YEE
“ the bill is drawn by us on you payable to ourselves”
Drawer, payee----the same person(指己)
“ the bill is drawn by us on ourselves payable to you”
Drawer, drawee---the same person(对己)
?Holder for value:(对价持票人)
a.Person gives value by himself or by some other person prior to him
b.V alue can be in form of ______, _______ , _________
c.Holder in due course:
a. an individual acquires a negotiable instrument in good faith and for value.
b. The instrument should be complete and regular on its face
c. The instrument is before maturity
d. The holder did not notice any infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating it.
?A holder for value may or may not be a holder in due course
?A holder in due course must be a holder for value
5. A sum certain in money: the sum should be expressed in words and figures, accurate
“ payable at USD three hundred only”
“ payable at about USD three hundred”
“payable at USD three hundred with an interest”
“payable at USD three hundred plus interest at 3% “
6. Name of the payee
Restrictive order:
not transferable/ not negotiable
“Pay to liming only”
“pay to Liming not transferable”
Demonstrative order/indicative order
negotiable/transferable by endorsement
“ pay to the order of Liming”
“ pay to Liming or order”
“pay to Liming ”
Bearer order:
Negotiable, endorsement is not required, not safe
“ pay to the bearer”
Acts relating to a B/E
?issue
?Endorsement
Acceptance
presentment
?Payment
?Dishonor
?recourse
?Guarantee
ISSUE:
1．definition：the first delivery of a bill or note, complete in form to a person who takes it as holder
2．T wo acts：
(1) to draw and sign
(2) to deliver it to the payee
ENDORSEMENT :
1. two acts：
(1)the holder signs on the back of a bill
(2)delivers it to the endorsee
2.requirements of a valid endorsement:
a. it must be written on the _____itself and be signed by the
b. an endorsement of the ____ bill
c. may be made in _____ or special.
d. may have _____ endorsees or endorsers.
The first endorser is the ______ forever；the last endorsee is the________ forever 1. special endorsement: an endorsement in full
（记名，完全，特别背书）
Pay to the order of D Company
For C Company
(Signed)
Pay to B.
A (signed)
Note:
special endorsements not only show a chain of endorsers but also give the holder full right to recourse against all the priors in the event of dishonor.
2. blank endorsement: general endorsement
For C Company
(Signed)
it’s not allowed in China, only special endorsement can be used.
?The holder may fill up the blank either with his own name or with the name of some other person.
?The holder may endorse the bill in blank and then transfer it to another person.
?The holder may transfer the bill to another person without filling up the blank and without endorsing it, by mere ________
3. conditional endorsement
Pay to the order of B Bank On delivery of B/L No.125
A (signed)
Pay to B without recourse to me.
A( signed)
Not all the laws allow the condition.
4. restrictive endorsement: prohibits further transfer of the bill.
Pay to A Bank only. B (signed)
Pay to A not transferable. B( signed)
ACCEPTANCE :
1. two acts:
a. the_____ signs on the_____of the bill.
b. ______ it to the person presenting for acceptance.
Two types of acceptance
（1）General Acceptance （一般承兑）
a. mere signature of the drawee
b. signature of the drawee plus the word “accepted”
c. signature of the drawee plus date
d. signature, acceptance, date
ACCEPTED
MARCH 9, 2012
FOR A COMPANY
(SIGNED)
(2) QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCE
1.CONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE:
ACCEPTED
SEPTEMBER 1,2012
PAYABLE ON DELIVERY OF B/L
FOR A COMPANY
(SIGNED)
2. PARTIAL ACCEPTANCE
ACCEPTED
SEMTEMBER 1,2012
PAYABLE FOR AMOUNT OF USD 800 ONLY
FOR A COMPANY
3. LOCAL ACCEPTANCE
ACCEPTED
SEPTEMBER 1, 2012
PAYABLE AT CITYBANK, NEWYORK AND THERE ONLY
FOR A COMPANY
According to the instruments’ law in China: acceptance should be unconditional .
1．a g r e ew i t h同意……的意见(想法)；符合 I c a n’t a g r e ew i t hy o ua b o u t t h a t． 就那件事，我无法同意你的看法。 2．1i s t e nt o倾听…… W h e ns h ea r r i v e d,1w a sl i s t e n i n gt oE n g l i s h． 她来的时候，我正在听英语。 3．g e t t o到达 I g e t t os c h o o l a t a b o u t7：30e v e r yd a y，a n dI g e t h o mea t5：00i nt h ea f t e r n o o n． 我每天7：30到校，下午5：00到家。 4．f a l l o f f(从……)掉下 T h e g i r l f e l l o f f t h eb i k e． 女孩从自行车上摔了下来。
5．k n o c ka t／o n敲(门、窗) T h e r ew a sah e a v yk n o c ka t t h ed o o r． 有人在猛烈地敲门。 6．l a u g ha t嘲笑 I t’sn o t g o o dt o1a u g ha t ap e r s o nw h oi si nt r o u b l e． 讥笑一个陷于困境的人是不对的。 7．1e a r n…f r o m…向……学习 B o b,y o us h o u l dl e a r nf r o m y o u rb r o t h e r．H ed o e sw e l l i nh i s h o me w o r k． 鲍勃，你应该向你哥哥学一学。他的作业完成得很好。 8．1i v eo n继续存在；靠……生活 P e o p l ei nmyh o me t o w nl i v eo nr i c e． 我家乡的人们靠大米为生。 9．1o o ka f t e r照顾，照看
1. put down 放下 shut down 把…关上 cut down 砍掉 come down 下来、落下 slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down 坐下 write down 写下 get down 下来,降落 2. after all 毕竟.终究 after that 于是.然后 day after day 日复一日地 one after another 相继.挨次 soon after 不久以后 the day after tomorrow 后天 3. come up with 找到、提出 catch up with 赶上 wake up 弄醒、醒来 send up 发射 open up 开设、开办 grow up 长大 pick up 拾起、捡起 hands up 举手 eat up 吃光 clean up 打扫干净 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth. 放弃做某事4. arrive at/in + n. 到达 get to +n. 到达 reach + n. 到达 arrive / get +adv. 到达 5. get…back 退还,送回去.取回 give back 归还 come back 回来 at the back of 在…的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上 6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 at desk 在桌前 at once立刻,马上 at school 在上学 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作 be good at=do well in 擅长 laugh at 嘲笑 not…at all 一点也不
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I. 重点短语 1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from 9. do one’s homework 10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. not…at all 23. put…away 24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory II. 重要句型 1. Let sb. do sth. 2. Could sb. do sth.? 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. What about something to eat? 6. How do you spell …? 7. May I borrow…? III. 交际用语1. —Thanks very much! —You‘re welcome. 2. Put it/them away. 3. What‘s wrong? 4. I think so. I don‘t think so. 5. I want to take some books to the classroom. 6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 9. What‘s your favourite sport? 10. Don‘t worry. 11.I’m (not) good at basketball. 12. Do you want a go? 13. Tha t‘s right./ That‘s all right./ All right. 14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 15. We / They have some CDs. We / They don’t have any CDs. 16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow? ---It’s Monday. 17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please? ---Certainly. Here you are. 18. ---Where are you from? ---From Beijing. 19. What‘s your telephone number in New York? 20. ---Do you like hot dogs? ---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.) ---No, I don‘t. ( I don‘t like them a t all.) 21. ---What does your mother like? ---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. ---When do you go to school every day? ---I go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening? ---He goes to bed at 10:00. 一、How do you like ... ？ 〔句型介绍〕用来询问对某人/ 物喜欢到什么程度，意为\"你觉得......怎么样\"，常以I like ... a lot / a great deal / very much. 回答。 -How do you like your hometown? 你觉得你家乡怎么样？
1.break break down出毛病，拆开 break off 暂停，中断 break out爆发 2. come come down下跌，落，降，传下来 come in进来 come out出版，结果是 come on来临/ 快点 come along一道来，赶快 come over (to) 顺便来访come back回来 come from来自，源自 come on 加油；来吧 come up发芽，走近 come up with; think up 想出 3.cut cut up 切碎 cut down砍倒，削减 cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系 4. fall fall behind落后 fall down掉下，跌倒 fall into 落入；陷入 fall off 从……掉下 5. go go along沿着…..走 go against违反 go back 回去 go by时间过去 go over复习，检查 go up（价格）上涨，建造起来 go away离开 go on(with)继续进行
go out外出，熄灭 go off发出响声 go through通过，经受 6. get get to 到达…… get up起床 get on进展，进步，穿上，上车 get off脱下,下车 get out 出去 get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假 get over克服，从疾病中恢复 get along with进展，相处 get into (trouble) 陷入困境中 get back取回，收回 get down下来，记下，使沮丧 7.give give up放弃，让（座位） give away赠送，泄露，出卖 give out发出，疲劳，分发， give off 放出（光、热等） give in (to sb.) 屈服 8. hand hand in交上，提交 hand out分发 9. hear hear of 听说，得知 hear about听到……的事，听到。。的话hear from接到。。。的信 10.keep keep up with跟上 keep out 不使……进入 keep from克制，阻止 keep away from避开，不接近，keep on继续，坚持下来
1.be on show / display / play / sale / strike / duty / trial 2. be of value / importance / use / no use / color / age / size / height / weight / significance 3. to one’s joy / surprise / pleasure / astonishment / sorrow / delight 4. in surprise / wonder / alarm / terror / horror / delight 5. by air / bicycle / boat / bus / car / letter / post / plane / telephone / train / wire 6. at daybreak / sunrise / dawn / noon/ dark / night 7. out of breath / control / question / sight 8. in fact / reality / substance / nature / practice / theory / short / brief / a word / detail / all / average / full / time / fashion / existence / turn / vain / haste / appearance / common / sum/ general / particular / public / secret / order / part / power / stock / case / bed / future / name / addition / sight 9. on duty / shift / holiday / leave / business / purpose / time / sale / show / board / hand / record / request / root / earth / farm / principle 10. for example / instance / all / good / nothing / convenience / short / fear / sale 11. by weight ( volume size number~~ ) / profession / definition / rule / turn / chance/ accident/ mistake / hand / train ( bus ,taxi ,ship ,boat ~~) / air / land / force / day / nature / sight 12. at most / least / best / worst / once / first / last / home / school / will ( at will:任意) / work / night / midnight / daybreak / dawn / present / length / large 13. as above / below / following / over / usual / before / a matter of fact 14. above all / measure / normal 15. before all / long / time / now / then 16. after all / class / school 17. out of action / order / condition / use / operation / step / joint / repair/ gear / balance / range/ doubt / date / danger / hand / shape / place / question / stock / 18. with caution / interest / difficulty / ease / advantage / effect / reason / vigor / reserve / success / confidence 19. beyond comprehension / conception / description / expression / doubt / control / reach / power / measure / grasp / compare / controversy / dispute / hope / example 20. under age / discussion / test / way / repair - 1 -
重点词组固定搭配大全一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词 1.afford to do sth. 负担得起做 某事 2.agree to do sth. 同意做某事 3.arrange to do sth.安排做某事 4.ask to do sth. 要求做某事 5.beg to do sth. 请求做某事 6.care to do sth. 想要做某事 7.choose to do sth. 决定做某事 8.decide to do sth. 决定做某事 9.demand to do sth. 要求做某事 10.determine to do sth. 决心做某 事 11.expect to do sth. 期待做某事 12.fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 13.help to do sth. 帮助做某事 14.hope to do sth. 希望做某事 15.learn to do sth. 学习做某事 16.manage to do sth. 设法做某事17.offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 18.plan to do sth. 计划做某事 19.prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 20.pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 21.promise to do sth. 答应做某事 22.refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 23.want to do sth. 想要做某事 24.wish to do sth. 希望做某事 注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词： 25.aim to do sth. 打算做某事 26.fail to do sth. 未能做某事 27.long to do sth. 渴望做某事 28.happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 29.hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 30.struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 31.advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人 做某事 32.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人 做某事 33.ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人 做某事 34.bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做 某事 35.beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做 某事 36.cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人 做某事 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9111045460.html,mand sb. to do sth. 命令 某人做某事 38.drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人 做某事 39.elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人 做某事 40.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励 某人做某事 41.expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人 做某事 42.forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人 做某事43.force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做 某事 44.get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做 某事 45.hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做 某事 46.help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做 某事 47.intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人 做某事 48.invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做 某事 49.leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做 某事 50.like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某 事 51.mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人 做某事 52.need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做 某事 53.oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做 某事 54.order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做 某事
淘宝直通车新手入门教程 l新手入门第一课――广告位与竞价词 一.广告位 让我们来亲身感受一下什么是直通车的广告!按我的步骤来一起操作一下哦,Go 1. 首先打开淘宝首页,在搜索框输入”风衣”这个词,点击搜索按钮,显示搜索页面 2. 往右上角看,有一个掌柜热荐的位置,下面有5个广告位,这是直通车的广告位 3. 把页面拉到最底端,会看到三个大图,这三个也是直通车的广告位 以上的步骤可以演示为下图,红色框的为直通车广告位. 1. 2.
3. 二.竞价词 这些卖家的广告为什么会出现在这里呢? 因为他们都设置了风衣这个竞价词 那竞价词又是什么呢? 就是买家输入这个词搜索，你的广告就能出现。 就像百度的搜索,如果信息符合被搜索的关键词,这条信息就会出现,在直通车,我们把这个关键词称为竞价词. 比如你希望买家输入“风衣”这个词，他就可以在我们的广告位上看见你的宝贝，那么“风衣”就是你要设置的竞价词。
新手入门第二课——收费与排名原则 大家都知道,直通车是一个收费的产品,那到底是怎么收费呢? 多少钱一天还是有包月还是其他收费方式呢? 直通车不是按时间收费的,它的收费方式是:按点击收费 广告展示在广告位上了,我们不收费,只有当买家对您的宝贝感兴趣,点击了您的宝贝,才会有费用产生.所以广告展示跟时间无关，只和余额、日最高限额和定时投放有关（第三课有详细讲解）。 点一次多少钱呢? 每次点击最少1毛钱 那最多呢? 最多多少钱是您自己设置的,您设置的高,扣的钱就多,设置的低就扣的少. 大家都喜欢设置的低,可以少扣点,那设置的高和低有什么区别呢?(排名规则) 比如”风衣”这个词,有20个人买了这个词,但是第一页只有5个人广告位,谁排在前面呢?这时候就需要看谁对”风衣”这个词的出价高,出价越高,排位越前,当然排位越前的每次点击扣的费用也越多. 这个出价就是竞价词的价格 扣钱是从我的支付宝账户扣还是有什么其他方式呢? 是从直通车账户扣款的,首次充值直通车最少500元,按点击扣费,没有任何服务费用,也没有使用期限
600个重要短语(一) 今天这600个英语短语，相信你在高中三年历次练习和考试中都遇到过，见的多了，总会有一种亲切的感觉，背起来也会容易的多！不管你是高一、高二，还是明年参加高考，把高中阶段出现和考查频率最高的600个英语词组记下来都至关重要！ 1. abide by（=be faithful to ；obey）忠于；遵守。 2. be absent from…缺席，不在 3. absence or mind（=being absent-minded）心不在焉 4. absorb（=take up the attention of）吸引…的注意力（被动语态）be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ；be lost in ；be rapt in ；be concentrated on ；be focused on ；be centered on 5. （be）abundant in（be rich in；be well supplied with）富于，富有 6. access（to）（不可数名词）能接近，进入，了解 7. by accident（=by chance，accidentally）偶然地，意外。Without accident（=safely）安全地， 8. of one's own accord（=without being asked；willingly；freely）自愿地，主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one's accord with 同…。不一致 10. with one accord （=with everybody agreeing）一致地 11. in accordance with （=in agreement with）依照，根据 12. on one's own account 1）为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2）（=at one's own risk）自行负责3）（=by oneself）依靠自己on account 赊账；on account of 因为；on no account 不论什么原因也不；of …account 有………重要性。 13. take…into account（=consider）把……考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明，解释（理由） 15. account for （=give an explanation or reason for）解释，说明。 16. on account of （=because of）由于，因为。 17. on no account（=in no case，for no reason）绝不要，无论如何不要（放句首时句子要倒装） 18. accuse…of…（=charge…with；blame sb. for sth. ；blame sth. on sb. ；complain about）指控，控告 19. be accustomed to （=be in the habit of，be used to）习惯于。 20. be acquainted with（=to have knowledge of）了解；（=to have met socially ）熟悉 21. act on 奉行，按照…行动；act as 扮演；act for 代理 22. adapt oneself to（=adjust oneself to）使自己适应于 23. adapt…（for）（=make sth. Suitable for a new need）改编，改写（以适应新的需要） 24. in addition （=besides）此外，又，加之 25. in addition to（=as well as，besides，other than）除…外 26. adhere to （=abide by，conform to，comply with，cling to，insist on，persist in，observe，opinion，belief ）粘附；坚持，遵循 27. adjacent（=next to，close to）毗邻的，临近的 28. adjust……（to）（=change slightly）调节；适应； 29. admit of （=be capable of，leave room for）…的可能，留有…的余地。
一、名词词组和固定搭配 1.介词+名词 by accident 偶然 on account of 因为，由于，为了……的缘故 in addition to 另外，加之 in addition 除…之外(还) in the air 流传中 on (the／an) average 按平均值，通常 on the basis of 根据，在…的基础上 at best 充其量，至多 for the better 好转，向好的方向发展 on board 在船(车或飞机)上 out of breath 喘不过气来 on business 因公，因事 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in case of 假如，如果发生；防备 in case 假使，以防(万一) in no case 决不，无论如何不 by chance 偶然，碰巧 in charge (of) 负责，管理 (a)round the lock 日夜不停地 in common 共用的，共有的 in conclusion 最后，总之 on condition (that) 如果 in consequence of 由于…的缘故，因为 on the contrary 正相反 in contrast with／to 与…对比起来，与…形成对比 out of control 失去控制 under control 处于控制之下 at all cots 不惜任何代价，无论如何 at the cost of 以…为代价 in the course of 在…过程中，在…期间 of course 当然，自然 in danger 在危险中，垂危 out of danger 脱离危险 out of date 过时的，不用的 up to date 现代化的，切合目前情况的 in demand 非常需要的，受欢迎的 in debt 欠债，负债 in detail 详细他 in difficulties 处境困难 in the distance 在远处 off duty 下了班(的)，不在值班(的) on duty 在上班(的)，在值班(的) on earth 究竟，到底 at all events 无论如何，不管怎样 in any event 无论如何，不管怎样 in the event of 万一，倘若 for example 例如 in the face of 在…面前；不顾 in fact 其实，实际上 in favo(u)r of 赞同，支持 on fire 着火，起火 on foot 步行 in force 生效，有效；在实施中；大量的 in front of 在…面前，在…前面
在对淘宝直通车的运作模式和基础操作有了一定的了解后，就该进行淘宝直通车实战了。一大把服装圈为网友们带来《淘宝直通车技巧篇》，希望可以让广大网友更好的掌握淘宝直通车的技巧从而更好的进行推广活动。 我们知道，直通车搜索的原则是当卖家设置的词和买家搜索的词完全一样的时候，才会展示宝贝的广告。所以说，给宝贝设置竞价词是至关重要的。直接影响到您的推广效果。有的掌柜会问，那我该怎么设置竞价词？设置竞价词的思路是什么呢？ 淘宝直通车技巧篇：设置竞价词的思路 设置竞价词一定要站在买家的角度去考虑，您要买这件宝贝的适合，会用些什么样的词搜索。要把浏览量大的词和浏览量小的词结合起来推广。浏览量大的词排名不要很前面（除非产品很有优势），浏览量小的词一定要排在前面，否则出现的机会就更少了。 设置竞价词的基本原则是：您要从买家的角度去考虑，如果我是买家，我要搜索这件宝贝要输入哪些关键词呢？
淘宝直通车技巧篇：设置竞价词的思路 首先，第一点，宝贝名称，从您宝贝的名称中提炼出来关键词来作为宝贝的竞价词。 第二点，宝贝详情里的属性词，宝贝详情是我们在编辑宝贝信息的时候抓取出来的关键信息，也是买家十分关注的，所以说用宝贝详情里的属性词作为宝贝的竞价词是十分明智的。 第三点，名称词和属性词里面的组合词。这些词相对比较精确，买家的购买欲望也十分强。 淘宝直通车技巧篇：设置竞价词的思路 总结了设置竞价词的思路，我们再来看一个例子。图中展示的是一件韩版风衣，它的宝贝详情已经给大家列出来了。包括它的价格，颜色，品牌以及风格。各位掌柜，您看到这件宝贝的话你会设置哪些竞价词呢？
淘宝直通车技巧篇：设置竞价词的思路 首先，第一点，宝贝的名称词中我们可以用“风衣”这个竞价词。 第二点，宝贝详情里面的属性词，我们可以用双排扣、韩版、淑女、绿色、长款等等作为竞价词。 第三点，在宝贝名称和宝贝详情的组合词中，我们可以用韩版风衣，双排扣风衣等作为关键词。
必修二 Unit 1 重点词组句子归纳总结 1. look into 调查 2. insist on/upon sth/doing 坚持做，坚决做 3. belong to 属于 4. get /be lost ; be missing 迷路，丢失 5. do with 处理；对付 6. in search of ;in the/one’s search for寻找 7. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 8. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 9. have sth. done 表示“请人做某事” “使遭遇某种(不幸的)事情” 10. be of +抽象名词=be+该词的形容词“be of +名词(词组)”表示主语的某种形状或特征 be of a(n) / the / the same “属于, 归于” be of the size / weight / height / age / colour / kind… 11. work of amber art 琥珀艺术品. 12. as a gift of 作为…的礼物 13. in return 作为报答 14. become part of 成为…的一部分 15. serve as 充当，用作16. add…to…添加…到… 17. great wonders of the world 世界上的伟大奇迹 18. be at war 处于交战状态 19. less than 少于20. no doubt 毫无疑问 21. remain a mystery 仍然是个迷 22. take apart 拆开23. rather than胜于, 而不是25. tell the truth 说实话 26. pretend to do sth 假装做某事 27. think highly of 看重，重视 28. search for =look for 29. agree with sb同意某人的意见 30.情态动词(could /might /must /should)+have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，批评，反悔等意思
compare to 和compare with 的区别是什么 Compare to 是“把……比作”的意思。例如： We compare him to a little tiger. 我们把他比作小老虎。 The last days before liberation are often compared to the darkness before the dawn. 将要解放的那些日子常常被比作黎明前的黑暗。 Compare ... with 是“把……和……比较”的意思。例如： We must compare the present with the past. 我们要把现在和过去比较一下。 We compared the translation with the original. 我们把译文和原文比较了下。 从上面比较可以看出，compare with 侧重一个仔细的比较过程。有时，两者都可以互相代替。例如： He compared London to (with) Paris. 他把伦敦比作巴黎。 London is large, compared to (with) Paris. 同巴黎比较而言，伦敦大些。 在表示“比不上”、“不能比”的意思时，用compare with 和compare to 都可以。例如： My spoken English can't be compared with yours. 我的口语比不上你的。 The pen is not compared to that one. 这笔比不上那支。 1、c ompare…to…意为“把…比作”，即把两件事物相比较的同时，发现某些方面相似的地方。这两件被比较的事物 或人在本质方面往往是截然不同的事物。如： He compared the girl to the moon in the poem. 他在诗中把那姑娘比作月亮。 2、compare…with…“与…相比，把两件事情相比较，从中找出异同”，这两件事又往往是同类的， 如：I'm afraid my English compares poorly with hers. 恐怕我的英语同她的英语相比要差得多。 compare to和compare with有何区别,当说打比方时和做比较是分别用哪个？ compare…to…比喻.例如: The poets often compare life to a river. 诗人们经常把生活比喻成长河． compare…with…相比．例如： My English can't compare with his. 我的英文水平不如他．
1.Ascribe sth. to sb 认为...是...写的 2.Attribute/ascribe/owe ...to... 把...归因于 3.Subscribe to/for sth. 订阅（报纸/杂志）；订购（书籍） 4.Prescribe sth. to sb. 给...开处方 5.Prescribe sth. for sth. 为...开药e.g. Prescribe some pills for my fever. 6.Confine sb. to sth. 把...局限于 7.Restrain sb. from doing sth. 克制；抑制 8.Restrict sb. to sth. 限制；约束 9.In retrospect 回顾；回想起来 10.Take sb. in 欺骗，欺瞒 11.Take up 开始从事（某种活动）；占据 12.Take over 接管；接任 13.Take off 起飞；脱下 14.Get off（with）逃脱严厉的惩罚 15.Get by 度日；勉强对付过去 16.Get through 通过
17.Back out 不履行（诺言，合同）；打退堂鼓 18.Back away（from）（因恐惧/厌恶）向后退，退缩 19.Back off 后退；让步 20.Back up 支持某人（某事） 21.See through 识破；看透；看穿 22.See through one’s deception 识破某人的骗局 23.See sb. off 给某人送行 24.See to=take care of/deal with 照顾；处理；关照 25.Do down sb. 说某人坏话 26.Do over 重新粉刷/油漆（房间，墙壁） 27.Do up 扣；系 28.Fall down 失败；未能符合要求 29.Fall off （质量/数量等）下降；减少 30.Fall behind 落后 31.Fall out （头发/牙齿等）脱落 32.Fall out with sb. （与某人）吵翻/闹翻 33.Bring about=cause=lead to=result in=give rise to 导致
开拼多多场景推广的话，首先要有基础销量，还要有个不错的转化率。场景推广是很容易产生爆款的，曝光也高，但前提是你对拼多多各方面有所了解、有一定推广基础才行。 概说： 首先，我们先弄明白拼多多场景推广的展示以及扣费规则： 排名规则： 综合排名=商品质量分广告出价。 商品质量分=点击率转化率销量交易额。 扣费规则： 扣费=（下一位的出价*下一位的商品素材点击率）/自己的商品素材点击率+0.01元。 单次点击扣费，重复点击虚假点击系统会过滤，不计扣费。 定向： 1. 全体人群：所有普通用户 2. 访客重定向：浏览或购买过我的店内商品的用户。 3. 相似商品定向：浏览或购买过相似商品的用户。 4. 叶子类目定向：近期有推广商品所属叶子类目行为的用户。 5. 相似店铺定向：近期对我的店铺的竞品店铺感兴趣的用户。 6. 兴趣点：近期对我的商品相关属性感兴趣的用户。(最多设置5个定向点）。 资源位： 1. 基础流量包：默认包含以下3个展示资源位 2. 类目商品页：推广商品将展示在拼多多商城类目标签页、搜索标签页下方的商品列表中 3. 商品详情页：推广商品将展示在拼多多商城商品详情页为你推荐下方的商品列表中（相似商品） 4. 营销活动页：推广商品将展示在拼多多营销活动页面下方的商品列表中，包括多多果园、边逛边赚、现金签到页、天天领现金、拼多多微信公众号； ---开始正题--- 一. 排名权重与优化： 1. 场景一样有排名权重区分的。如何获得一个号的排名，这个就需要针对商品做出一定的优化。并且要了解场景排名权重的核心环节。 场景排名核心： 场景计划权重--开设每一个计划都有一定的计划权重分，具体是按照改个计划内所有商品的质量分与投入计算所得。 商品质量分--通俗的说法按照以下权重划分：点击率—转化率—产出—订单量—产出比。------这里面对于出价的标准就看你商品的质量分是否够高。 上述两个点是最为基础并且最主要的两个核心，只要懂这些核心内容才能提高场景的排名。 2. 优化推广内容： 计划以5天为一个优化周期，将所有定向与兴趣点5个选择，资源位全选；溢价标准以每个所需推广位置皆有曝光。分别记录每个的曝光量，点击数，点击率，订单量和投产比。5天结束后，记录下每日的点击率、转化率。横向对比你的点击率。根据记录的数据去分析，将曝光量大且点击数点击率高的组合开设一个新的计划。 二．实操： 1. 将优化做好后，直接进入降低出价的步骤。 上述说过排名权重的几个要点，其中我们需要注意的是点击率，这里因为有了上面的数据，
英语中重点词组、句型、短语的用法 1.find it +形容词+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的) find +宾语 +名词 eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.) find +宾语 +形容词eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着)I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物) 2.I don't think+肯定句我想...不 eg.I don't think I'll take it. (我想我不买它了)请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。 3.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B. eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken
4.had better do sth.最好干某事. 否定:had better not do sth. 特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be. eg.You'd better catch a train. You'd better not talk in class. You'd better not be late for the class. 5.It is good (nice)of+宾格+to do sth. eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了) 6.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事花费某人多少时间) =sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth. eg.It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half anhourin doing the work. 7.sb.pay 钱 for 物某物花费了某人多少钱