自己亲自整理梳理版本
阅读理解
（1）Are you worried by the rising crime rate? DADCD
（2）Online learning is also called distance education. CBDAC
（3）Versailles is the site of the Palace of Versailles, BCDAC
（4）Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, ADBCB
（5）There are stories about two U. S. presidents,CDCDB
（6）Although the United States covers so much land and the CCABC （7）Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in CDACD
（8）Twenty years ago, kids in school had never even heard BDCAC
（9） A land free from destruction, plus wealth, DCABC
一、阅读：30%
( 1 )
Are you worried by the rising crime rate? If you are, then you probably know that your house, possessions and person are increasingly in danger of suffering from the tremendous rise in the cases of burglary(入室行窃) and assault(人身攻击).
Figures indicate an ever-increasing crime rate but it is only too easy to imagine “It will never happen to me.” Unfortunately, statistics show that it really can happen to you and, if you live in a large city, you run twice the risk of being a victim.
Fortunately, there is something definite which you can do. Protect Alarms can help to protect our house with a burglar alarm system which is effective, simply to operate and easily affordable.
Y ou must remember that possessing a burglar alarm is no indication that your house is packed with valuable possessions. It quite simply indicates to unwelcome visitors that yours is one house they will not break into so easily as they carry on to an unprotected house where their job is made a lot easier.
Send now for our free leaflet(传单) telling you how we can Protect Alarm your house quickly, easily and cheaply. Complete and tear off the slip(纸片) below and post it to us. Postage is free. Alternatively, telephone us at 32766721 where we have a round-the-clock answering service. It costs nothing to find out about Protect Alarms.
1. Anyone who takes an interest in the crime rate, according to the passage, will be aware that ___D__.
A. more burglars are being caught than ever before
B. people have more possessions to worry about nowadays
C. burglars are more at risk than they used to be
D. houses are more likely to be broken into than before
2. It seems that people who live in cities are ___A__.
A. more often victims than those living in the country
B. of the opinion that statistics on robbery is wrong
C. twice as well-off as people living in the country
D. convinced that burglars only rob unprotected houses
3. According to the passage, we get the impression that the Protect Alarms system is __D___.
A. elementary
B. everlasting
C. experimental
D. economical
4. The passage claims that Protect Alarm will ___C____.
A. show burglars that they have nothing worth stealing
B. warn burglars not to break into your house
C. make the burg lars’ job more difficult
D. persuade burglars to try coming another time
5. In order to find out more information about this alarm system, one can _D___.
A. buy a leaflet from the agent
B. write to the seller, closing a stamped, addressed envelope
C. read the specifications mailed to him
D. phone the seller any time of day and night
( 2 )
Online learning is also called distance education. Many American colleges and universities have been offering it for years.
One example is New York University in Manhattan. The School of Continuing and Professional Studies began online classes in nineteen ninety-two. Its Virtual College has taught more than ten thousand students from across the United States and other countries.
Last year, the School of Continuing and Professional Studies launched NYU Online. It offers NYU's first online programs to earn a bachelor's degree. Programs are offered in three areas: leadership and management, information systems management and social sciences. University officials say classes are highly interactive, where students communicate with each other and their teachers. Some classes require students to all log in at the same time so they can attend live lectures by a professor.
Students can also ask questions and work together on team projects. The university says classes are taught by NYU professors who have been trained in online teaching.
International students must take two admissions tests before they can be accepted into the program. These are the SAT and the TOEFL. We will discuss these tests later in our series.
The cost to attend NYU Online depends on how many classes a student takes. It can cost as much as fifteen thousand dollars a year. NYU offers no financial aid for international students in this program. You can get more details at https://www.doczj.com/doc/9612549240.html,.
1. When did New York University start its online classes? C
A. In 1990.
B. In 1998.
C. In 1992.
D. In 1982.
2. Which of the following is NOT included in the online programs offering a BA degree? B
A. Information Systems Management.
B. Finance and Economy.
C. Leadership and Management.
D. Social Sciences.
3. What can the students do in the online learning programs? D
A. Communicate with each other and the teacher.
B. Attend classes and lectures together.
C. Ask questions and work together on team projects.
D. Both A and C.
4. International students can be accepted into the program after _____A_______ .
A. they take the SAT and the TOFEL
B. they go to New York University
C. they apply and log in
D. two years in the United States
5. How much does the online learning program cost per year? C
A. $15,000.
B. $1,500.
C. It depends.
D. $5,000.
( 3 )
Versailles is the site of the Palace of Versailles, one of the most storied buildings in the history of France. It was originally built as a hunting chateau by King Louis VIII in 1624. In 1669, King Louis XIV began searching for a grand site where he could conduct the affairs of France and control the government. He settled on the hunting palace and expanded it into the world’s largest palace. In addition, the King hoped to build a governmental center apart from Paris.
The palace took 36,000 workers fifty years to build. The palace is spread out over 280 acres and can house 20,000 people! The palace features over 700 rooms and 67 staircases. There are dozens of unique rooms, features, gardens, and halls. One of the most renowned rooms of the Palace of Versailles is the Hall of Mirrors. Recently restored, the Hall of Mirrors is the centerpiece of the dazzling building. Originally added to the palace in 1684, the Hall of Mirrors was built to be a dazzling display of the power and wealth of the French Monarchy. The hall, which measures 73 meters in length features 357 gold-coated stucco mirrors, ornate paintings, crystal chandeliers, marble fixtures, a parquet floor, and ceilings with colorful murals painted by artist Charles Le Brun. The Hall of Mirrors has also played a prominent role in history. Both the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles that formally ended World War One were signed here.
11. When was the Palace of Versailles originally built? B
A. In 1684.
B. In 1624.
C. In 1669.
D. In 1786.
12. Why did King Louis XIV want a grand palace? C
A. So he and his queen could retire comfortably.
B. As a hunting chateau.
C. As a place to conduct his nation's business.
D. He wanted to impress his wife.
13. Which of the following is NOT true? D
A. The Hall of Mirrors has been recently restored.
B. The Hall of Mirrors is considered the centerpiece of the Palace of Versailles.
C. The Hall of Mirrors features a parquet floor.
D. Two major treaties were signed in the Hall of Mirrors.
14. Which of the following is not mentioned as a feature of the Hall of Mirrors? A
A. Bronze moldings.
B. Ornate paintings.
C. Marble fixtures.
D. Crystal chandeliers.
15. Which of the following could be an appropriate title for this passage? C
A. Louis XIV and the Palace of Versailles.
B. The ceilings of the Hall of Mirrors.
C. The Amazing Palace of Versailles.
D. A History of France.
( 4 )
Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or only there to buy a book as a present. Y ou may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive design is irresistible, although this method of selecting ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather uninteresting book, you soon become lost in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must hurry to keep some forgotten appointment——without buying a book, of course.
The opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. Y ou can go to such places as much as you wish. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the greeting: “Can I help you, sir?” You needn’t buy anything you don’t want. In a bookshop, an assistant should re main in the background until you have finished reading. You may want to find out where a particular section is. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. But when he has led you there, the assistant should leave politely and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.
1. The best title for this passage may be ____A_____.
A. The Attraction of Bookshops
B. How to Spend Your Time
C. Bookshops and Their Assistants
D. Buying Books
2. According to the author, the best way to escape the realities of everyday life is __D___.
A. to chat with an assistant in a bookshop
B. to take a walk in the open air
C. to make some appointment in a bookshop
D. to stay reading books of various kinds in a bookshop
3. In a good bookshop, _______B______.
A. all the books there are interesting
B. you are satisfied
C. you can find shelter from a shower
D. you need to buy something you don’t want
4. An assistant in a bookshop helps you ___C____.
A. on your entering the shop
B. just before you finish reading
C. only when you want to find out where a particular section is
D. when you are reading
5. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? B
A. Time spent in a bookshop can be enjoyable only for book-lovers.
B. There are only a few places where it is possible to escape the realities of life.
C. People go to bookshops only to buy books.
D. A book with an attractive design must not be necessarily interesting.
( 5 )
There are stories about two U. S. presidents, Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, which attempt to explain the American English term OK. We don't know if either story is true, but they are both interesting.
The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education. In fact, he had difficulty reading and writing. When important papers came to Jackson, he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said. If he approved of a paper, he would write "all correct" on it. The problem was that he didn't know how to spell, so what he really wrote was "ol korekt". After a while, he shortened that term to "OK".
The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born, Kinderhook, New York. Van Buren's friends organized a club to help him become President. They called the club the Old Kinderhook Club, and anyone who supported Van Buren was called "OK".
6. The author ____C_____.
A. believes both of the stories
B. doesn't believe a word of the stories
C. is not sure whether the stories are true
D. is telling the stories just for fun
7. According to the passage, President Jackson ___D____.
A. couldn't draw up any documents at all
B. didn't like to read important papers by himself
C. Often had his assistants sign documents for him
D. wasn't good at reading, writing or spelling
8. According to the first story, the term "OK" ____C___.
A. was approved of by President Jackson
B. was the title of some official documents
C. was first used by President Jackson
D. was an old way to spell "all correct"
9. According to the second story, the term "OK" ___D____.
A. was the short way to say "Old Kinderhook Club"
B. meant the place where President Van Buren was born
C. was the name of Van Buren's club
D. was used to call Van Buren's supporters in the election
10. According to the second story, the term "OK" was first used ___B____.
A. by Van Buren
B. in a presidential election
C. to organize the Old Kinderhook Club
D. by the members of the "Old Kinderhook Club"
( 6)
Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs, its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry (林业), and most the rest live in or around towns, small and large. Here the traditional picture is changing: every small town may still be very like other small towns, and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country, but most Americans do not live in small towns any more. Half the population
now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas (large cities with their suburbs) of more than a million people each--a larger proportion than in Germany or England, let alone France. The statistics (统计) of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day. As the rush to live out of town continues, rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses, so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb. But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment.
11. If now America has 250 million people, how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry?
A. About 25 million.
B. More than 25 million. C
C. Less than 25 million.
D. Less than 225 million.
12. Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas? C
A. United States.
B. Germany.
C. France.
D. England.
13. What's the meaning of the word "metropolitan" in the middle of the passage? A
A. Of a large city with its suburbs.
B. Of small and large towns.
C. Of urban areas.
D. Of rural areas.
14. According to the passage, what can we learn about small towns in the United States? B
A. Most small towns become gradually crowded.
B. Small towns are still similar to each other.
C. As the traditional picture is changing, towns are different.
D. Small towns are turning into large cities.
15. Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb? C
A. Because they are the same.
B. Because the rush takes place too quickly.
C. Because the process is gradual.
D. Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan areas.
( 7)
Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Albemale County,Virginia. When he was 14, he inherited his father's estate and slaves. Soon after, Jefferson attended the College of William and Mary.
In 1769, when he was just 26, Jefferson was elected to the Virginia House of Representatives. In 1772, Jefferson began building his home, Monticello. In 1770, he married Martha Wayles Shelton.
As a member of the second Continental Congress,Jefferson drafted The Declaration of Independence. In 1779, he was elected as governor of Virginia. Although he resigned in 1781, during his term as governor, Jefferson wrote the famous Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. Jefferson's writings also formed the basis of the Ordinances of 1784,1785, and 1787. From 1785-1789, Jefferson served as minister to France. In 1789, George Washington appointed him Secretary of State.
Due to political differences concerning the role of the government with other cabinet members, Jefferson resigned as Secretary of State in 1793. Jefferson soon ran for president, but was defeated in 1796 by John Adams. Nevertheless, he was appointed vice president. Although Jefferson and Aaron Burr received equal electoral votes for presidency, Jefferson was elected president by the House of Representatives in 1800. During Jefferson's term, both the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition occurred. Jefferson served two presidential terms. He later established the University of Virginia. He died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of The Declaration of Independence. Coincidentally, John Adams died on the same day.
1. What did Thomas Jefferson get from his father? C
A. Political ideas.
B. A lot of documents.
C. Slaves and estate.
D. Nothing.
2. Which of the following documents was Thomas Jefferson not involved with? D
A. Declaration of Independence.
B. Statute on Religious Freedom.
C. Ordinance of 1784.
D. Ordinance of 1786.
3. Why did Thomas Jefferson resign as Secretary of State? A
A. There were political differences between cabinet members.
B. He was about to be president.
C. He had to write The Declaration of Independence.
D. He was fired.
4. Which of the following did Thomas Jefferson not serve as before he was president? C
A. Vice president.
B. Governor.
C. Senator.
D. Secretary of State.
5. Which of the following events happened last? D
A. Jefferson was elected president.
B. Jefferson founded the University of Virginia.
C. The Lewis and Clark Expedition.
D. John Adams died.
( 8)
Twenty years ago, kids in school had never even heard of the Internet. Now, I'll bet you can't find a single person in your school who hasn't at least heard of it. In fact, many of us use it on a regular basis and even have access to it from our homes! The "net" in Internet really stands for network. A network is two or more computers connected together so that information can be shared, or sent from one computer to another. The Internet is a vast resource for all types of information. Y ou may enjoy using it to do research for a school project, downloading your favorite songs or communicating with friends and family. Information is accessed through web pages that companies, organizations and individuals create and post. It’s kind of like a giant bulletin board that the whole world uses! But since anyone can put anything on the Internet, you also have to be careful and use your best judgment and a little common sense.
Though you read something on a piece of paper someone sticks on a bulletin board, it doesn't mean it's good information, or even correct, for that matter. So you have to be sure that whoever posted the information knows what they're talking about, especially if you’re doing research! But what if you're just emailing people? Y ou still have to be very careful. If you've never met the person that you're communicating with online, you could be on dangerous ground! Y ou should never give out any personal information to someone you don't know, not even your name! And just like you can't believe the information on every website out there, you can't rely on what strangers you "meet" on the Internet tell you either. Just as you could
make up things about yourself to tell someone, someone else could do the same to you!
6. Several computers can be connected together by the Internet so that______B______.
A. people can see each other
B. information can be shared and sent freely
C. you can read newspaper
D. you can create anything you like
7. Y ou should be careful when you are surfing online because_____D_______.
A. some of the information may not be true or right
B. some people may give you the wrong information
C. some information may do harm to you
D. all the above
8. When you are emailing people, you______C______
A. need not worry because it is completely safe
B. should never let others know your name
C. should never give out any personal information to a stranger
D. can trust them and tell them anything
9. What does the author think of the Internet? A
A. Everything has two sides; so is the Internet.
B. The Internet is dangerous and harmful.
C. The Internet is wonderful because it helps people do a lot of things.
D. The Internet is boring and dull.
10. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? C
A. Internet and I.
B. The Development of Internet.
C. Internet Safety.
D. The Information Age.
( 9)
A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources,and labor supply—all these were important factors in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. But they were not enough. Something else was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men—creative individuals who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and establish business
organizations to reshape society.
The men who created the machines of the Industrial Revolution came from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were more inventors than scientists. A man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research accurately. He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used.
An inventor or one interested in applied science is usually trying to make something that has an actual use. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories of science or by experimenting through correct and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives. Most of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training in science might not have made their inventions if a ground work had not been laid by scientists years before.
11. Which of the following is NOT the important factor that helped England to be the center of the Industrial Revolution? D
A. Natural resources.
B. Location.
C. Money.
D. Advanced technology.
12. "Something special" in the first paragraph refers to _____C_______.
A. scientists
B. machines
C. inventors
D. workers
13. A pure scientist ______A______ .
A. cares mainly about his research rather than put them into practice
B. works hard to make his findings useful in daily life
C. is only interested in applied science
D. reports his findings accurately
14. How would an inventor solve a problem? B
A. By doing research.
B. By experimenting time after time.
C. By reading different books.
D. By working on a specific machine.
15. Without______C______, the inventors might not make great contributions.
A. the Industrial Revolution
B. the advantages of England
C. the ground work done by scientists
D. machines and light bulbs
二、语法与词汇：40%
1. John does a lot of housework every evening, but now he __B___ his schoolmates with their lessons.
A. help
B. is helping
C. helps
D. has helped
2. No one can avoid ____B____ by advertisements.
A. to be influenced
B. being influenced
C. influencing
D. having influenced
3. The railway ____D_____ in three years.
A. is complete
B. will completed
C. has completed
D. will be completed
4. She apologized for ___A__ to come.
A. her not being able
B. her being not able
C. not being able
D. that she’s not able to
5. Tom ___A___ his lessons from seven to eight last night.
A. was doing
B. had done
C. were taken
D. had been taken
6. Please stop ____D_____ , boys. I have something important to ______ you.
A. saying …talk
B. telling …say
C. talking … speak
D. talking … tell
7. The meeting ___A___ next week is sure to be a great success.
A. to take place
B. to be taken place
C. to have taken place
D. being taken place
8. He ___D____ not to leave waste paper in public places any more.
A. warns
B. warned
C. is warned
D. was warned
9. You were silly not __B___your car.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
10. Since computers were invented, it __B__ that they are indispensable for scientific research.
A. thought
B. has been thought
C. is thinking
D. had thought
11. It is a problem that doesn't need _____B_______right now.
A. to solve
B. solving
C. being solved
D. to be solving
12. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means ______B______trouble.
A. making
B. to make
C. to have made
D. having made
13. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____A_______clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue
B. being issued
C. to have issued
D. to be issued
14. I'd rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than _____C_______a room with someone else.
A. to share
B. to have shared
C. share
D. sharing
15. I really appreciate ______C______to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.
A. you to offer
B. that you offer
C. your offering
D. that you are offering
16. Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty ______B______his tape recorder?
A. to fix
B. fixing
C. for fixing
D. fix
17. People appreciate______C______ with him because he has a good sense of humor.
A. to work
B. to have worked
C. working
D. have working
18. He was told that after he graduated he _____A_______ by a company.
A. would be employed
B. would get employed
C. would be employing
D. would employ
19. The steps of progress in society ______B______ of as having happened in a short time.
A. must not think
B. must not be thought
C. must think
D. thought
20. That factory ______C______ nearly 50 years ago.
A. has been built
B. had built
C. was built
D. has built
21. As a result of my laziness, I failed ____B____ my work in time.
A. and finished
B. to finish
C. and finishing
D. to finished
22. I am sorry ___C___ written you a letter at the time.
A. to have not
B. to not have
C. not to have
D. not having
23. Will you lend him a magazine ___C______?
A. to be read
B. for reading
C. to read
D. he read
24. He could do nothing but ___A____for the bus _________.
A. wait, to come
B. wait; come
C. waiting; coming
D. waited; came
25. I’ve enjoyed ____B_____ to talk with you.
A. to be able
B. being able
C. to been able
D. of being able
26. No one can avoid ____B_____ by advertisements.
A. to be influenced
B. being influenced
C. influencing
D. having influenced
27. They are considering ___C______ before the prices go up.
A. of buying the house
B. with buying the house
C. buying the house
D. to buy the house
28. He thought that ____C_____.
A. the effort doing the job was not worth
B. the effort was not worth in doing the job
C. it was not worth the effort doing the job
D. it was not worth the effort by doing the job
29. Tim ____B____a great number of different places in Australia.
A. already has visited
B. has already visited
C. has visited already
D. has ever visited
30. Up to now I_____B____ very successful.
A. am not
B. haven’t been
C. was not
D. were not
31. The song ______A______by children.
A. is often sung
B. was often sung
C. sings
D. has often sung
32. By the end of 2020 China _____D_______much stronger and richer.
A. will become
B. would become
C. is becoming
D. will have become
33. Since computers were invented, it _____B_______ that they are indispensable for scientific research.
A. thought
B. has been thought
C. is thinking
D. had thought
34. He was told that after he graduated he _____A_______ by a company.
A. would be employed
B. would get employed
C. would be employing
D. would employ
35. The steps of progress in society _____B_______ of as having happened in a short time.
A. must not think
B. must not be thought
C. must think
D. thought
36. The little girl must have lain there for a long time,_____B_______ ?
A. mustn't she
B. hasn't she
C. wasn't she
D. didn't she
37. I suppose you're not serious, _____D_______ ?
A. don't I
B. do I
C. aren't you
D. are you
38. After ______C______ his work, he came to help me with my English.
A. finished
B. being finished
C. finishing
D. having been finished
39. With the problem _____C_______ , we are getting along even more smoothly.
A. settles
B. to settle
C. settled
D. to be settling
40. I'd rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_____C_______a room with someone else.
A. to share
B. to have shared
C. share
D. sharing
4. I'm afraid I can't finish the work ____B_______to help me.
A. unless you will come
B. unless you come
C. until you will come
D. until you shall come
42. We can go when the ground______B______.
A. is drying
B. has dried
C. dried
D. dry
43. Come and sit down by the fire. Y our hand______C______.
A. feel so coldly
B. is feeling so cold
C. feels so cold
D. is felt so cold
44. V arious programs_____B_______on TV. World news____________best received.
A. will show, are
B. are shown, is
C. are showing, is
D. have shown, are
45. I can't find my dictionary.I wonder whether Mary____B________it now.
A. have
B. has
C. is having
D. had
46. David _____D_______himself while he ____________the machine.
A. hurted…was fixing
B. hurts…is fixing
C. hurt … fixed
D. hurt …was fixing
47. It ______B______ whether he will go on with his study at the university.
A. hasn't been decided
B. isn't decided
C. hasn't decided
D. doesn't decide
48. It _____B_______years since I last saw you.
A. was
B. is
C. will be
D. has been
49. The room_____A_______often cleaned by the worker.
A. has
B. will be
C. was
D. is
50. Working hours in the United States _____A_______over the past 20 years.
A. have increased
B. increased
C. were increasing
D. have been increased
51. A number of paintings in the castle are believed_____D_______in a fire.
A. being destroyed
B. having been destroyed
C. to be destroyed
D. to have been destroyed
52. It is no use______A______me not to worry.
A. you tell
B. your telling
C. for you to have told
D. having told
53. Our team _____B_______every match so far this year,
but we still have three more games to play.
A. was winning
B. has won
C. had won
D. wins
54. It is Friday today. My parents and I ______C______New Y ork on Saturday.
A. are flying to
B. shall be fly for
C. have flown to
D. will be flying for
55. He said that he ______C______to the United States.
A. had never been
B. had never gone
C. was never
D. has never been
56. No sooner______A______to bed than he heard a knock at the door.
A. had he gone
B. he had gone
C. did he go
D. he went
57. Seeing the police coming, away____C________ .
A. the thieves ran
B. had the thieves run
C. ran the thieves
D. did the thieves run
58. On the ground ______D______ a dead snake.
A. did lie
B. did lay
C. laid
D. lay
59. I didn't see the minister,______B______ did I see the secretary.
A. so
B. nor
C. either
2020年二级建造师考试必背知识点总结 【导语】2020年二级建造师考试备考正在进行中，为了方便考生及时有效的备考，那么，wo为您精心整理了2020年二级建造师考试必背知识点总结，供大家的关注。如想获取更多二级建造师考试的模拟题及备考资料，请关注wo的更新。 【篇一】2020年二级建造师考试必背知识点总结 施工合同的跟踪与控制： 1.施工合同跟踪：合同跟踪的重要依据是合同以及依据合同而编制的各种计划文件； 其次还要依据各种实际工程文件如原始记录、报表、验收报告等；另外，还要依据管理人员对现场情况的直观了解，如现场巡视、交谈、会议、质量检查等。 2.合同跟踪的对象：工程施工的质量，包括材料、构件、制品和设备等的质量，以及 施工或安装质量，是否符合合同要求等；工程进度，是否在预定期限内施工，工期有无延长，延长的原因是什么等；工程数量，是否按合同要求完成全部施工任务，有无合同规定以外的施工任务等；成本的增加和减少。 3.对专业分包人的工作和负责的工程，总承包商负有协调和管理的责任，并承担由此 造成的损失，所以专业分包人的工作和负责的工程必须纳入总承包工程的计划和控制中，防止因分包人工程管理失误而影响全局。 4.合同实施偏差分析的内容包括以下几个方面：产生偏差的原因分析；合同实施偏差 的责任分析；合同实施趋势分析：最终的工程状况，包括总工期的延误、总成本的超支、质量标准、所能达到的生产能力（或功能要求等）；承包商将承担什么样的后果，如被罚款、被清算，甚至被起诉，对承包商资信、企业形象、经营战略的影响等；最终工程经济效益（利润）水平。 5.根据合同实施偏差分析的结果，承包商应该采取相应的调整措施，调整措施可以分 为 （1）组织措施，如增加人员投入、调整人员安排，调整工作流程和工作计划等； （2）技术措施，如变更技术方案，采用新的高效率的施工方案等； （3）经济措施，如增加投入，采取经济激励措施等；
青年人的四种选择 Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young People 在毕业前不久，斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信，信中谈及他的一些不安。 Shortly before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Stanford University, wrote me about some of his misgivings. 他写道：“与其他任何一代人相比，我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑 ,, 同时越 来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。” “More than any other generation, ” he said, “ our generation views the adult world with great skepticism, there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world. ”很 明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。 Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. 在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他 们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。 During the last few years, I have listened to scores of young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous about the grown world. 大致来说，他们的态度可归纳如下：“这个世界乱糟糟的，到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。 对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好，他们又能拿 什么来教育我们呢？这样的教导，我们根本不需要。” Roughly, their attitude might be summed up about like this:“ The world is in pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war. The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who have been running thing. If they can’ t do better than that, what have they got to teach our generation? That kind of lesson we can do without. ” 我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。 There conclusions strike me as reasonable, at least from their point of view. 对成长中的一代人来说，相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美（我们可以想当然地认为是这 样），而是应该如何去应付它。 The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted), but how to deal with it. 尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理，但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。 For all its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world we’ ve got. 因此，选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定，这通 常是他们一生中最重要的决定。 Choosing a strategy to cope with it, then, is the first decision young adults have to make, and usually the most important decision of their lifetime. 根据我的发现，他们的基本选择只有四种： So far as I have been able to discover, there are only four basic alternatives: 1）脱离传统社会
2013年LA物理师考试试题 1、测量电离室输出信号的方式包括 A 电压、电流、输出电荷量 B 电压、电阻，输出电荷量 C 电压、电容、输出电荷量 D 电阻、电流、输出电荷量 E 电阻、电容、输出电荷量 2. 在照射野中加上楔形板以后，受其影响最大的剂量参数是 A 反散射因子 B 百分深度剂量 C 组织空气比 D 组织最大剂量比 E 输出剂量率 3. 屏蔽辐射检测不包括 A 治疗机头的漏射线检测 B 准直器的漏射线检测 C 治疗室外X射线漏射检测 D 治疗室外中子漏射检测 E 治疗室外电子漏射检测
4. 医用加速器每年监测楔形板附件穿透系数（楔形因子）稳定性好于 A 1.0% B 1.5% C 2.0% D 2.5% E 3.0% 5. 计划设计与执行的体模阶段，不包括 A 确定肿瘤的位置和范围 B 确定肿瘤与周围组织、重要器官间的相互关系 C 医生为患者制定治疗方针 D 为计划设计提供必要的与患者有关的解剖材料 E 勾画出治疗部位靶区及正常组织的轮廓 6. 近距离照射放射源强度校准最好使用 A 指型电离室 B 半导体探测器 C 井形电离室 D 闪烁计数器 E 正比计数器 7. 新一代Leksell伽马刀所用的钴源数量 A 1个 B 30个 C 128个 D 201个 E 256个 8. 一个10X10cm的X线照射野，SSD=100，治疗深度处（8cm）
PDD为74%，dmax处校验后剂量率为1cGy=1MU，处方剂量为150cGy，如果在射野中插入一块楔形板，其楔形因子Fw=0.70，则此射野的MU设置应为 A 142 B 159 C 200 D 220 E 290 9. 加速器产生的高能电子束，在经过散射箔、空气等介质后，其能谱变化规律应为 A 先变窄，后变宽 B 先变宽，后变窄 C 不变 D 逐渐变宽 E 逐渐变窄 10. 调强放射治疗中，MLC正确的选择是 A MLC静态调强时，叶片宽度无要求 B MLC静态调强时，不必考虑叶片运动速度问题 C MLC静态调强对剂量率稳定性的要求比动态调强要高 D MLC叶片到位精度只影响射野边缘的剂量分布，MLC选择不予考虑 E 选择MLC要考虑小跳数时射束输出的特性 11. 医用加速器机械误差每日监测要求灯光野或光距尺的误差不超
福师1203考试批次《学前心理学》复习题及参考答案一一、选择题（每小题2分，共30分） 1．自然实验法的特点是（B）。 A、所有实验条件是严格控制的 B、实验的整体情境是自然的，但某些条件是受控制的 C、在儿童的正常生活条件中观察其行为 D、根据一定的实验项目和量表，查明儿童心理发展的差别2．手的真正的触觉探索产生标志是（D）。 A、神经活动参与 B、口腔与手的协调 C、手与脚的协调 D、眼手协调 3．儿童的再认要比再现（A）。 A、发展早并好于再现 B、发展晚，但好于再现 C、发展晚，但比再现差 D、发展早，但比再现差 4．儿童心理发展的年龄特征是指（C）。 A、同一年龄阶段的人表现出来的典型的特征 B、和儿童生理成熟有关的年龄特征 C、儿童在每个年龄阶段中形成并表现出一般的、典型的、本质的心理特征 D、每个具体儿童的个别差异5．学前儿童想象萌芽的表现形式是（A）。 A、动作和语言 B、记忆和动作 C、记忆和语言 D、语言和情景 6、昔日同窗情，至今常怀念，这属于（B ） A、运动记忆 B、情绪记忆 C、形象记忆 D、语词记忆 7、儿童从5岁开始特别喜欢提问，对回答结果十分关心，并由此相应产生愉快、满足或失望、不满等情绪，这表明此时期幼儿已明显出现了（C ） A、道德感 B、美感 C、理智感 D、自我效能感 8、吴承恩在《西游记》中描写的孙悟空、猪八戒、沙和尚的形象是属于（D ） A、无意想象 B、幻想 C、再造想象 D、创造想象 9.（ A ）又称强直性颈部反射。 A . 击剑反射 B . 抓握反射 C . 惊跳反射 D . 游泳反射 10.注意的（ A ）是指在某一时刻人的心理活动选择了某个对象而离开了另外一些对象。 A . 指向性 B . 集中性 C . 特质性 D . 顺序性11.（ B）指区别颜色细致差 异的能力，亦称为辨色力。 A . 视敏度 B . 颜色视觉 C . 空间视觉D . 形状视觉 12.儿童最初出现的记忆全都 是（C）性质的记忆。 A．识记B．保持C．再认D．回 忆(再现) 13.幼儿园教师常常把刚入园 的哭着找妈妈的孩子与班内 其他孩子暂时隔离开来，这主 要是因为(C)。 A、老师不喜欢哭闹的孩子 B、 该幼儿不适合上幼儿园C、幼 儿的情绪容易受感染D、幼儿 常常处于激动的情绪状态 14. 幼儿看到故事书当中的 “坏人”，常常会把它抠掉， 即用动作把“坏人”去掉，造 成这种行为的主要原因是 （D ） A．幼儿的情绪是完全表露 于外的 B．幼儿不会调节自己的情 绪表现 C．幼儿的情绪已趋稳定 D．幼儿的情绪具有冲动性 15.儿童自我意识的萌芽大约 出现在（B ）。 A．1岁之前 B．2岁左右 C．3 岁左右 D．3～6岁 二、名词解释（每小题5分， 共25分） 1．关键期 考核知识点：关键期，参考书 籍P26。 2．具体形象思维 考核知识点：具体形象思维， 参考书籍P186。 3．自我意识 考核知识点：自我意识，参考 书籍P327。 4.儿童心理年龄特征 考核知识点：儿童心理年龄特 征，参见P18 5.依恋 考核知识点：依恋，参见P359 三、简答题（每小题6分，共 30分） 1．简述儿童动作发展的一般 规律。 考核知识点：儿童动作发展的 规律，参考P292-293。 2．简述学前儿童理解的发展 趋势。 考核知识点：儿童理解的发展 趋势，参考P212-214。 3.引起学前儿童无意注意的 原因有哪些？ 考核知识点：无意注意，参见 P68 4.影响学前儿童性别角色行 为的因素？ 考核知识点：学前儿童性别角 色行为，参见P369 5.简要回答学前儿童能力发 展的特点？ 考核知识点：学前儿童能力发 展，参见P350 四、论述题（共15分） 1、举例说明学前儿童心理发 展的一般趋势。 考核知识点：学前儿童心理发 展的趋势，参考书籍 P387-390。 福师1203考试批次《学前心 理学》复习题及参考答案二 一、选择题（每小题2分，共 30分） 1. “兴趣”、“能力”、“性 格”是人的（D ）心理特征。 A．认知B．情绪C．意志D．个 性 2. （ A ）的研究对象是个 体从出生到衰老整个漫长过 程中心理的发生发展。 A．发展心理学B．普通心理 学C．学前教育学D．儿童解 剖生理学 3. （B ）研究正常的、成熟 了的人的心理活动的一般规 律。 A．发展心理学B．普通心理 学C．学前教育学D．儿童解 剖生理学 4. 儿童心理发展某种特征的 形成，在某一个时期容易出 现，过了这个时期，就难以产 生。容易形成某种心理特征的 时期，称为儿童心理发展的 （A）。 A．关键期B．原始期C．最近 发展区D．最佳期 5. 注意的（B ），不仅指在 同一时间内各种有关心理活 动聚集在其所选择的对象上， 而且也指这些心理活动“深入 于”该对象的程度。 A．指向性B．集中性C．特质 性D．顺序性 6. 婴儿能找到不论在什么情 况下藏起来的客体。这属于皮 亚杰所说的儿童注意发展的 （D）。 A、第一阶段（出生到2个月） B、第二阶段（1-4月） C、第五阶段（12-13月） D、第六阶段（15-18月） 7.幼儿指着天空中的某一片 云彩高兴地说：“妈妈，你看， 那是小孩骑大马。”这是属于 （A ）。 A、想象 B、判断 C、直觉 D、 下定义 8. 幼儿再造想像的主要特 点，不包括（A） A、幼儿的想像常常依赖于自 己的语言描述 B、常常根据外界情境的变化 而变化 C、泥是比较容易捏成各种形 象的，也可以使幼儿头脑中获 得各种表象 D、实际行动是幼儿期进行想 像的必要条件 9. 下面不属于皮亚杰提出的 7岁前儿童智慧(思维)的发展 阶段的是（B）。 A .前运算阶段B.运算阶段C. 感知阶段D.反射练习阶段 10. 学前儿童情绪社会化的 趋势不表现在以下方面（C ）。 A . 情绪中社会性交往的成 分不断增加 B. 引起情绪反应的社会性动 因不断增加 C. 自我调节化 D. 情绪表达的社会化 11. 注意的（A）指注意在 集中于同一对象或同一活动 中所能持续的时间。 A .稳定性B. 选择性C. 集中 性D. 指向性 12. 吃过甜食以后再吃苹果， 会感到苹果量酸，这是（B ）。 A. 同时对比 B. 先后对比 C. 先后适应D. 同时适应 13. 行为主义创始人华生根 据对医院婴儿室内500多名 韧生哭儿的观察提出，天生的 情绪反应不包括（ D ） A、怕B. 怒C. 爱D. 哭 14. （D）是3—4岁幼儿的 主要学习方式，他们往往通过 它掌握别人的经验。 A．游戏B. 活动C. 劳动D. 模仿 15. 中班主要依靠（ D ）进 行思维。 A．逻辑B. 动作C. 行动D. 表象 二、名词解释（每小题5分， 共25分） 1、情绪记忆 考核知识点：情绪记忆的内 涵参见P120 2、观察法 考核知识点：观察法，参见 P10 3、记忆 考核知识点：形象记忆，参见 P121 4、儿童的社会化
二级建造师笔记
?二级建造师《施工管理》复习整理笔记（1） 1.如以里程碑事件的进度目标值作为进度计划值，则进度的实际值应是相 对于（里程碑事件的实际进度）。 2.项目管理最基本的方法论是项目目标的（动态控制）。 3.运用动态控制原理控制施工质量时，质量目标不但是各分部分项工 程的施工质量，还包括（建筑材料、设备质量）。 4.在工程合同价与实际施工成本、工程款支付比较时，成本的计划值 是（工程合同价）。 5.在工程合同价与工程款支付中的相应成本项比较时，成本的实际值 是（工程款支付中的相应成本项）。 6.运用动态控制原理控制施工成本的工作步骤包括：（2）将施工成 本目标逐层分解；（1）收集施工成本的实际值；（3）将实际值与计划值比较；（4）找出偏差，采取纠偏措施。正确的步骤顺序是（2-1-3-4）。 7.在施工过程中对施工成本目标进行动态跟踪和控制时，一般的项目 成本控制的周期为（一个月）。 8.在施工过程中对施工进度目标进行动态跟踪和控制时，首先要做的 工作是（收集施工进度实际值）。 9.在项目目标动态控制中，属于项目目标控制准备工作的是（将项目 的目标进行分解）。 10.在施工过程中对施工进度目标进行动态跟踪和控制的步骤包括： （1）收集施工进度实际值；（2）定期对施工进度的计划值和实际值进行比较；（3）如有偏差，采取措施进行纠偏。正确的顺序是（1-2-3）。 11.以下属于项目目标的过程控制的是（定期进行项目目标的计划值 与实际值的比较）。 12.项目目标动态|考试大|控制的核心是（当发现目标偏离时采取纠 偏措施）。 13.当项目目标失控时，首先应考虑（组织）方面存在的问题。 14.调整项目组织结构、进行管理职能分工，属于项目目标动态控制 的（组织措施）。 15.属于项目动态控制技术措施的是（改进施工方法）。 16.项目目标动态控制的准备工作是将项目目标进行分解，以确定用 于目标控制的（计划值）。 17.进行项目目标动态控制，在收集项目目标的实际值之后，首先要 做的工作是（将实际值与计划值比较）。 ?二级建造师《施工管理》复习整理笔记（2） 1.在国际上，施工企业项目经理是企业任命的一个项目的项目管理班子的 负责人，其主要任务是（项目目标的控制和组织协调）。 2.施工企业项目经理由于主观原因或工作失误承担相应责任时，政府
高级英语第二册课文翻译 Unit1 Pub Talk and the King's English 酒吧闲聊与标准英语 亨利?费尔利 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit
2013L A物理师考试试 题
1、测量电离室输出信号的方式包括 A 电压、电流、输出电荷量 B 电压、电阻，输出电荷量 C 电压、电容、输出电荷量 D 电阻、电流、输出电荷量 E 电阻、电容、输出电荷量 2. 在照射野中加上楔形板以后，受其影响最大的剂量参数是 A 反散射因子 B 百分深度剂量 C 组织空气比 D 组织最大剂量比 E 输出剂量率 3. 屏蔽辐射检测应包括 A 治疗机头的漏射线检测 B 准直器的漏射线检测 C 治疗室外X射线漏射检测 D 治疗室外中子漏射检测 E 治疗室外电子漏射检测 4. 医用加速器每年监测楔形板附件穿透系数（楔形因子）稳定性好于 A 1.0% B 1.5% C 2.0%
D 2.5% E 3.0% 5. 计划设计与执行的体模阶段，不包括 A 确定肿瘤的位置和范围 B 确定肿瘤与周围组织、重要器官间的相互关系 C 医生为患者制定治疗方针 D 为计划设计提供必要的与患者有关的解剖材料 E 勾画出治疗部位靶区及正常组织的轮廓 6. 近距离照射放射源强度校准最好使用 A 指型电离室 B 半导体探测器 C 井行电离室 D 闪烁计数器 E 正比计数器 7. 新一代Leksell伽马刀所用的钴源数量 A 1个 B 30个 C 128个 D 201个 E 256个
8. 一个10X10cm的X线照射野，SSD=100，治疗深度处（8cm）PDD为74%，dmax处校验后剂量率为1cGy=1MU，处方剂量为150cGy，如果在射野中插入一块楔形板，其楔形因子Fw=0.70，则此射野的MU设置应为 A 142 B 159 C 200 D 220 E 290 9. 加速器产生的高能电子束，在经过散射箔、空气等介质后，其能谱变化规律应为 A 先变窄，后变宽 B 先变宽，后变窄 C 不变 D 逐渐变宽 E 逐渐变窄 10. 调强放射治疗中，MLC正确的选择是 A MLC静态调强时，叶片宽度无要求 B MLC静态调强时，不必考虑叶片运动速度问题 C MLC静态调强对剂量率稳定性的要求比动态调强要高 D MLC叶片到位精度只影响射野边缘的剂量分布，MLC选择不予考虑 E 选择MLC要考虑小跳数时射束输出的特性 11. 医用加速器机械误差每日监测要求灯光野或光距尺的误差不超过 A 1mm B 2mm
福师1203考试批次《中国文学史专题一》复习题及参考答案 本复习题页码标注所用教材为： 教材名称单价作者版本出版社 简明中国古代文学史33 郭丹、 陈节 2010年4月第1版高等教育出版社 如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点 福师1203考试批次《中国文学史专题一》复习题一及参考答 案 教学中心专业学号姓名成绩 注：考试时间为100分钟 一、填空题：（每空1分，共20分） 1、《诗经》在先秦时被称为《诗》或《诗三百》，汉武帝时始称《诗经》。 2、先秦史传文学的代表作有__《左传》___和___《国语》___。 3、荀子是___儒家_______学派的学者，韩非是___法家______学派的代表人物。 4、《史记·屈原列传》认为：“《离骚》者，犹____离忧_____也。” 5、汉代骚体赋的代表作有《吊屈原赋》和《鵩鸟赋》等。 6、《诗经?小雅?采薇》第六章中情景交融的诗句是：“___昔我往矣__、_____杨柳依依_____、____今我来思______、雨雪霏霏“。 7、魏晋南北朝的志怪小说，以晋干宝的《___搜神记__》为代表；志人小说以南朝宋___刘义庆 ___的《_____世说新语 _____》为代表。 6、屈原的《九歌》包括《东皇太一》、《云中君》、《湘君》、《湘夫人》、《大司命》、《少司命》、《东君》、《河伯》、《山鬼》、《国殇》、《礼魂》等。 7、汉乐府民歌的最基本的艺术特色是叙事性。
8、保存乐府诗最完备的一部总集是宋代郭茂倩编的《乐府诗集》。 二、名词解释：（每题5分，共20分） 1、三颂 考核知识点：《诗经》的概况 参考教材：P3 2、建安七子 考核知识点：建安文学 参考教材：P116 3、赋、比、兴 考核知识点：《诗经》的艺术成就 参考教材：P13 4、竹林七贤 考核知识点：正始文学 参考教材：P120 三、简答题：（每题8分，共24分） 1、《秦风?蒹葭》一诗是如何达到情景交融的境界的？试加以分析。考核知识点：《诗经》的艺术成就 参考教材：P14-15 2、屈原的主要作品有哪些？ 考核知识点：屈原 参考教材：P57-64 3、简述诸子散文繁荣的原因。 考核知识点：诸子文学 参考教材：P43 四、论述题：（每题12分，共36分） 1、试分析《离骚》的浪漫主义特征。 考核知识点：《离骚》 参考教材：P61 2、举例论析《古诗十九首》的抒情特征。 考核知识点：《古诗十九首》
市政管理与实务 1:城市道路分为:(1刚性路面;(2柔性路面 2:路基分为:(1路堤;(2路堑;(3半填半挖;(4零填路基。 3:路基从材料上分为:土路基、石路基、土石路基。 4:路面结构是多层次的,按使用要求、受力状况、土基支承条件、自然因素影响程度的不同,在路基顶面采用不同规格和要求的材料分别铺设(a垫层、(b基层、(c面层等结构层。(当心多选题 5:第二页表格(2K311011多看。(1:粗粒式沥青混凝土:集料最大粒径:26.5mm,常用厚度:60---80mm,适宜层位:二层或三层式面层的下面层;(2细粒式沥青混凝土:集料最大粒径::9.5mm,常用厚度:15---20mm,适宜层位:(a沥青混凝土面层的磨耗层(上层,(b沥青碎石等面层的封层和磨耗层;(3沙粒式沥青混凝土:集料最大粒径:4.75mm,常用厚度:10---20mm,适宜层位:自行车道与人行道的面层。(重点 61:平整度、2:承载能力、3:温度稳定性、4:抗滑能力、5:透水性、6:噪声量。 7:城市道路分为: 8:主干路是4或6条机动车道和有分隔带的非机动车道,一般 9:第5页表格2K311012-1看。(重点。 10:路基施工程序包括:(1准备工作。(2修建小型构筑、造物与埋设地下管线。(3路基工程。(4质量检查与验收。(选择题 11:路基工程包括:(1测量桩号与高程、(2开挖路堑、(3填筑路堤、(4整平路基、(5压实路基、(6修整路肩、(7修建防护工程。(多选题
12:填方段内应事先找平,当地面坡度陡于1:5时,需修成台阶形式,每级台阶宽度不得小于1.0m,台阶顶面应向内倾斜;在沙土地段不做台阶,但应翻松表土层。 13:常用的机械分为:静力式、夯击式、振动式。 14:土质路基压实的原则:(1先轻后重、(2先稳后振、(3先低后高、(4先慢后快、(5轮迹重叠。 土类、湿度、设备、场地条件 16:最佳含水量和最大干密度。 17:按地基处理的作用机理分类大致分为:土质改良、土的置换、土的补强等三类。 18:第9页表格看。重点是:换土垫层:处理方法:沙石垫层、素土垫层、灰土垫层、矿渣垫层。原理及作用:以沙石、素土、和矿渣等强度较高的材料。置换地基表层软弱土,提高 持力层的承载力,扩散应力,减小沉降量。适用范围: 处理。 19::土质、灰质、石灰剂量、含水量、密实度、石灰土的龄期、养护条件(温度与湿度。 20:有机物含量超过10%的土,不宜用石灰来稳定。
1.在两个楔形野交角照射中，两个楔形野中心轴之间的夹角为60°，最适于使用的楔形角是 E. 60° 2.KV机X线治疗机只要用于 B.浅层肿瘤治疗 3.立体定向放射治疗中，可移动落地式等中心系统的缺点是 C加速器机架旋转范围受影响 4.放射治疗中允许的总剂量误差为 C.5% 5.离子注量是进入辐射场内某点处单位面积球体所有离子的 A数目总和 6.电子束中心轴深度剂量曲线同兆伏级光子束相比 A..表面剂量高，剂量迅速陡降 7不属于正常照射的是 E.不可预见的潜在照射 8.远距离后装系统的优势之一是 B.减少对医护人员的照射 9.医用直线加速器表示机器输出剂量的常用方法是 A. Gy/MU 10.加速器做电子束治疗时，电子束不穿过的部件是 B.均整块 11.GM计数器电荷倍增数量级是 D.9-10数量级 12.对于强贯穿辐射，国际辐射委员会建议环境当量剂量中测量深度为 A.10mm 13.在放射治疗中确定治疗体位的阶段是 B.模拟定位 D.226MU 15关于伽马刀的叙述，错误的是 C.放射源到焦点的距离为40cm 16.空间分辨率最低的剂量计是 D.电离室 17不能用于体内测量的辐射剂量计是 A.电离室 18.辐射控制区不包括 E.近距离治疗病房 19.不属于高能电子百分深度计量曲线组成部分的是 E.指数衰减区 20.密闭放射源检测 21.ICRU38号报告对妇科近距离治疗报告，推荐的参考体积的剂量(Gy)为 D.60 22.现代电子直线加速器与远距离Co-60治疗机相比，Co-60治疗机不能开展的项目是
E.全身电子线照射 23.高剂量率近距离照射的总治疗时间 B.从第一次照射开始到最后一次照射结束的总时间 24.电子束的射程(cm)约为电子束能量(Mev)的 C.1/2 26.影响电离室极化效应的参数不包括 E.空气湿度 27.临床X射线治疗机的组成部分不包括 E.冷却系统 28.辐射防护探测时使用GM计数器的目的是 D.准确测定剂量 29.关于调强放射治疗的叙述，正确的是 D.调强放射治疗通常是在射野内进行强度调节 30.常用场地辐射剂量仪中灵敏度最高的是 D.闪烁探测器 31当电子直线加速器的能量超过6MV，加速管太长不能直立安装时，需要使用 E.偏转磁铁 32放射治疗使用的准直器的精度为 A.<2mm 33. D.电荷积累效应 34.下列粒子中，不能直接是物质电离的是 D.中子 35.用Bragg-Gray理论测量高能电离辐射时，气腔一般要小于 B.次级电子的最大射程 36.治疗颅内病变时，与传统分割的治疗相比，使用SRS技术的特点不包括 D.单次剂量低 37确定电子束限光筒与皮肤空气间隙的改变对输出剂量的影响，需要用到 D.有效源皮距 38.积分DVH不能提供哪项信息 D.最大剂量点所在的位置 39.康普顿效应是描述光子 A.与基本自由或静止的轨道电子间的相互作用 40总比释动能包括 E.碰撞比释动能和辐射比释动能 41.近距离治疗不包括 D.放射性核素药物治疗 42.永久性放射性籽粒植入治疗早期前列腺癌，主要使用的放射性核素为 A.碘-125
福师1203考试批次《学前儿童语言教育》复习题及参考答案一 一、选择题（每小题2分，共30分） 1.儿童前言语获得的关键在于（）核心能力的获得。 A.语法 B.词汇 C.句子 D.语音 答案: D 2.（）语言学习模式认为：语言是一种认知结构，强调“结构先于语言”，语言结构是发生性的，它来源于主客体的相互作用。 A.行为主义 B.先天论 C.认知相互作用论 D.社会相互作用论 答案: C 3.行为主义的语言学习模式认为，（） A.周围的语言环境和强化对儿童语言学习和获得起决定性的作用 B.人类的先天遗传因素决定着儿童语言获得的整个过程 C.儿童的语言发展是以其认知的发展为基础的 D.儿童语言的获得是儿童与语言交往环境相互作用的结果 答案: A 4.语言运用主要包括两个因素，一是语言的功能和目的，二是（）。 A.语言情境 B.语言形式 C.语言内容 D.语言规则 答案: A 5.在幼儿教育机构中，（）是对学前儿童进行语言教育的基本形式。 A.渗透的语言教育活动 B.基本的语言教育活动 C.日常的语言教育活动 D.集体形式的语言教育活动 答案: B 6.下列说法中不属于学前儿童语言教育活动评价主要目标的是（）。 A.检查或鉴定语言教育活动目标是否达成，或判断达成情况 B.及时让教师明确、发现现实与预定活动目标之间的差距和问题
C.帮助教师针对发现的不足和问题，及时采取改革措施 D.检查教师的工作以进行适当的奖罚 答案: D 7.儿童在学前时期应获得的基本阅读技能包括观察摹拟书面语言的能力、（）以及自我调适的技能。 A.预期的技能 B.书写的技能 C.纠错能力 D.辨字能力 答案: A 8.幼儿园早期阅读活动可以帮助幼儿获得（）、前识字经验和前书写经验。 A.前图书制作经验 B.前图书阅读经验 C.前绘画经验 D.前文字辨认经验 答案: B 9.幼儿园早期阅读活动向幼儿提供的前识字经验的具体内容包括（）。 A.图书制作的经验 B.理解文字功能、作用的经验 C.知道书写汉字的工具 D.了解书写的最初步规则 答案: B 10.整合教育观认为，学前儿童语言教育内容的整合，主要是（）有效的结合。 A.社会知识、认知知识和语言知识 B.社会知识、学科知识和语言知识 C.社会知识、认知知识和学科知识 D.学科知识、认知知识和语言知识 答案：A 11. 前语言获得是指大约（）岁前儿童出现的各种语言现象，它为儿童正式获得语言作准备。 A. 1 B. 1.5 C. 2 D. 2.5 答案：B 12. 学前儿童把“用皮球打小狗”理解为“小狗打皮球”，采用了理解句子的
2017年二级建造师学习资料(汇总资料)。学尔森二级建造师频道会跟广大考生分享二建名师的高频考点讲解资料以及二建前辈自己总结的学习方法，今天与大家分享的是建筑实务工程预付款专题，有需要的小伙伴来看看吧。 2017年二级建造师学习资料(汇总资料)整理如下： 一、预付款的支付 1.工程预付款的额度的确定方法 ①百分比法(题目中给定) 此种情况居多 比如：某工程合同价1000万，工程预付款为合同价的10%。 【补充】包工包料工程的预付款的支付比例不得低于签约合同价(扣除暂列金额)的10%，不宜高于签约合同价(扣除暂列金额)的30%。 ②数学计算法 工程备料款数额=╳材料储备天数 公式中，年度施工天数按365日历天计算，按已知条件来对待。 2.工程预付款的支付时间 发包人没有按时支付预付款的，承包人可催告发包人支付;发包人在付款期满后的7d内仍未支付的，承包人可在付款期满后的第8天起暂停施工。发包人应承担由此增加的费用和延误的工期，并向承包人支付合理的利润。 二、预付备料款的回扣 发包人拨付给承包人的工程预付款属于预支的性质。随着工程进度的推进，拨付的工程进度款数额不断增加，工程所需主要材料、构件的储备逐步减少，原已支付的预付款应以抵扣的方式从工程进度款中予以陆续扣回。 预付的工程款必须在合同中约定扣回方式，常用的扣回方式如下：
(1)题目给定。在承包人完成金额累计达到合同总价一定比例(双方合同约定)后，采用等比率或等额扣款的方式分期抵扣。比如：自工程款支付至合同价款的60%后，开始从当月的工程款中扣回工程预付款，分两个月均匀扣回。 (2)起扣点计算公式。从未完施工工程尚需的主要材料及构件的价值相当于工程预付款数额时起扣，从每次中间结算工程价款中，按材料及构件比重抵扣工程预付款，至竣工之前全部扣清。起扣点=承包工程价款总额- 以上就是小编为大家整理的2017年二级建造师学习资料(汇总资料)，想要更多的二建复习资料，欢迎关注学尔森二级建造师频道哦。 2018年二建《工程法规》章节习题：建造师管理制度。学习最好的方法就是在学完考点之后进行相应习题的练习，本章节习题希望能帮大家加深记忆，巩固掌握。 二级建造师复习资料:二级建造师考试考点- 学尔森 提供二级建造师考试辅导资料、复习笔记、讲义等内容。欢迎广大考生访问学尔森二级建造师考试网，获取更多关于二级建造师考试的信息。
《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（12） 我为什么写作 Lesson 12：Why I Write 从很小的时候，大概五、六岁，我知道长大以后将成为一个作家。 From a very early age，perhaps the age of five or six，I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. 从15到24岁的这段时间里，我试图打消这个念头，可总觉得这样做是在戕害我的天性，认为我迟早会坐下来伏案著书。 Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to adandon this idea，but I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books. 三个孩子中，我是老二。老大和老三与我相隔五岁。8岁以前，我很少见到我爸爸。由于这个以及其他一些缘故，我的性格有些孤僻。我的举止言谈逐渐变得很不讨人喜欢，这使我在上学期间几乎没有什么朋友。 I was the middle child of three，but there was a gap of five years on either side，and I barely saw my father before I was eight- For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely，and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. 我像一般孤僻的孩子一样，喜欢凭空编造各种故事，和想像的人谈话。我觉得，从一开始，我的文学志向就与一种孤独寂寞、被人冷落的感觉联系在一起。我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力。这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地，在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意。 I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons，and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. 我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力。这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地，在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意。 I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts，and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure 还是一个小孩子的时候，我就总爱把自己想像成惊险传奇中的主人公，例如罗宾汉。但不久，我的故事不再是粗糙简单的自我欣赏了。它开始趋向描写我的行动和我所见所闻的人和事。
LA物理师模拟试卷 一单选题（共120小题，每小题只有一个选项是正确的） 1 L壳层最多可容纳的电子数为多少？ A 2 B4 C6 D8 E10 2 光子能量的表达式是哪项？（C为光速，h是普朗克常数） A E=hC B E= hC/λ C E=hλ D E=hλ/C E E=Cλ 3 只有当入射X（γ）光子能量大于多少时才能发生电子对效应？ A 200Kev B 400Kev C 1.02Mev D 1.25 Mev E 1.33 Mev 4 用于放射治疗吸收剂量校准及日常监测的主要方法是： A 量热法 B 电离室法C热释光法 D 半导体法 E 胶片法 5 指形电离室壁多选用什么材料？ A 铝 B 碳C石墨 D 酚醛树脂E塑料 6 电离室的有效测量点规定在电离室中心点的哪个方向（面向电离辐射入射方向）? A 前方 B 后方 C右侧方 D左侧方 E中心点 7 如以r表示电离室的半径，则钴-60γ射线的有效测量点位于： A 0.1r B 0.3r C 0.5r D 0.75r E 几何中心 8 关于胶片在剂量学中的应用哪项描述错误？ A 检查射野的平坦度和对称性 B 获取离轴比及百分深度剂量等剂量学数据 C 验证相邻射野间剂量分布的均匀性 D 验证治疗计划系统剂量计算的精确度 E 验证低能X射线的剂量分布误差 9 以水为吸收介质，康普顿效应占优势的能量段是： A 1-10Kev B 10-30Kev C 30Kev-25Mev D 25-100Mev E 100-125Mev 10 以下哪项为天然放射性同位素？ A 镭-226 B 铯-137 C 钴-60 D 铱-192 E 碘-125 11 近距离治疗所用源位于200Kev-2Mev能量段的同位素所具有的物理特征是： A 剂量率常数不变 B 剂量率常数随能量变化 C 剂量率常数随组织结构变化 D 与生物组织的相互作用服从康普顿弹性散射规律 E 光电效应占主导地位
一、阅读：30% ( 1 ) Weddings ceremonies in the United States vary as much as the people do. But many weddi ngs, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs. For in stance, the bride and groom often exchange rings at the ceremony. The rings are usually wo rn on the fourth finger of the left hand, and are exchanged in the middle of the ceremony. T oday, the ring shows the couple’s love for one another. 1. According to the passage, __ A ___________. A. American wedding ceremonies are somewhat traditional 2. According to the passage, what does the sentence “no matter where or how they are perf ormed” (Para. 1) really mean? C C. The wedding ceremonies may be held in different ways and places. 3. The word “showered” (in Para. 2) probably means __B_____. B. scattered 4. From the passage, we can safely conclude that __A____. A. American couples hold tra ditional wedding ceremonies. 5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A A. Weddings in North A merica （2） The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food fir st appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator". 6. The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” (Para. 2) suggest that____ C ________ . C. there was no fridge in the author's home in the 1950s 7. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? D D. People had effective ways to preserve their food. 8. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? B B. Consumers. 9. Which of the following phrases in Para.5 indicates the fridge's negative effect on the env ironment? A A. "Hum away continuously". 10. What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges? B B. Critical. （3） Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completes a university degree or dipl oma course could find a good career quite easily. However, those days are gone, even in H ong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs. 11. In Para. 1, the sentence "... those days are gone, even in Hong Kong ..." suggest that____ A ______ _. A. in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere 12. The word "relative" in Para. 2 could best be replaced by "____B________". B. comparative 13. The advice given in the first sentence of Para.3 is to____B________. B. examine the careers available and how these will be affected in the future 14. The word "prospective" in Para. 5 is closest in meaning to "__C__________".