American writer, journalist, and humorist, who won a worldwide audience for his stories of youthful adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Sensitive to the sound of language, Twain introduced colloquial speech into American fiction. In Green Hills of Africa, Ernest Hemingway wrote: “All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn...‖
“When I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of the Mississippi River. That was, to be a steam boat man.” (from 'Old Times on the Mississippi', 1875)
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) was born in Florida, Missouri, of a Virginian family. The family soon moved to Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain was brought up. At school, according to his own words, he "excelled only in spelling". After his father's death in 1847, Twain was apprenticed to a printer. He also started his career as a journalist by writing for the Hannibal Journal. Later Twain worked as a licensed Mississippi river-boat pilot (1857-61). His famous penname Twain adopted from the call ('Mark twain!' – meaning by the mark of two fathoms) used when sounding river shallows. But this isn't the full story: he had also satirized an older writer, Isaiah Sellers, who called himself Mark Twain. In 1861 Twain served briefly as a confederate irregular. The
Civil War put an end to the steamboat traffic, and during a period when Twain was out of work, he lived in a primitive cabin on Jackass Hill and tried his luck as a gold-miner. ―I would have been more or less than human if I had not gone mad like the rest,‖ he confessed.
Twain moved to Virginia City, where he edited two years Territorial Enterprise. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when he signed a humorous travel account with that pseudonym. In 1864 Twain left for California, where worked in San Francisco as a reporter. After hearing a story about a frog, Twain made an entry in his notebook: "Coleman with his jumping frog – bet a stranger $50. – Stranger had no frog and C. got him one: – In the meantime stranger filled C's frog full of shot and he couldn't jump. The stranger's frog won." From these lines he developed 'Jim Smiley and his Jumping Frog' which was published in The Saturday Press of New York on the 18th of November in 1865. It was reprinted all over the country and became the foundation stone of THE CELEBRATED JUMPING FROG OF CALAVERAS COUNTY, AND OTHER SKETCHES (1867). This work marked the beginning of Twain's literary career.
In 1866 Twain visited Hawaii as a correspondent for The Sacramento Union, publishing letters on his trip. He then set out world tour, travelling in France and Italy. His experiences Twain recorded in THE
INNOCENTS ABROAD (1869). The work, which gained him wide popularity, poked fun at both American and European prejudices and manners. Throughout his life, Twain frequently returned to travel writing – many of his finest novels, such as THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER (1876), dealt with journeys and escapes into freedom.
The success of The Innocents Abroad gave Twain enough financial security to marry Olivia Langdon in 1870, after writing about 189 love letters during his courtship. William Dean Howells praised the author in The Atlantic Monthly, and Twain thanked him by saying: ―When I read that review of yours, I felt like the woman who was so glad her baby had come white.‖
Olivia, Twain's beloved Livy, served and protected her husband devotedly. They moved to Hartford, where the family remained, with occasional trips abroad, until 1891. Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces. Tom Sawyer was originally intended for adults. Twain had abandoned the work in 1874, but returned to it in the following summer and even then was undecided if he were writing a book for adults or for young readers. Eventually he declared that it was "professedly and confessedly a boy's and girl's book". THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER (1881) was about Edward VI of England and a little pauper who change
places. The book was dedicated ―to those good-mannered and agreeable children, Susie and Clara Clemens.‖ LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI (1883) contained an attack on the influence of Sir Walter Scott, whose romanticism have caused according to Twain 'measureless harm' to progressive ideas. From the very beginning of his journalistic career, Twain made fun with the novel and its tradition. Although Twain enjoyed magnificent popularity as a novelist, he believed that he lacked the analytical sensibility necessary to the novelist's art.
HUCKLEBERRY FINN (1884), an American Odysseus, was first considered adult fiction. Huck, who could not possibly write a story, tells us the story: ―You don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but that ain't no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain and he told the truth, mainly.‖ Both Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn stand high on the list of eminent writers like Stevenson, Dickens, and Saroyan who honestly depicted young people. Huck's debate whether or not he will turn in Jim, an escaped slave and a friend, probed the racial tensions of the national conscience. Later Twain wrote in THE MAN THAT CORRUPTED HADLEYBURG(1900): ―I have no race prejudices... All that I care to know is that a man is a human being - that is enough for me; he can't be any worse.‖
One of Twain's major achievements is the way he narrates Huckleberry Finn, following the twists and turns of ordinary speech, his native Missouri dialect. Shelley Fisher Fishkin has noted in Was Huck Black? (1993) that the book drew upon a vernacular formed by black voices as well as white. The model for Huck Finn's voice, according to Fishkin, was a black child instead of a white one. The character of Huck was based on a boy named Tom Blankenship, Twain's boyhood friend. '"Who is your folks?" he questions me.
"The Phelpses, down yonder."
"Oh," he says, "how'd you say he got shot?"
"He had a dream," I says, "and it shot him."
"Funny dream," the doctor says.'
(from Huckleberry Finn)
In the 1880s Twain wrote also such books as THE TRAGEDY OF PUDD'HEAD WILSON (1884), a murder mystery and a case of transposed identities, but also an implicit condemnation of a society that allows slavery, and PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF JOAN OF ARC (1885), published under the pseudonym of Sieur Louis de Conte. In the 1890s Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the downhill of his own publishing firm, C.L. Webster, which he had established in 1884 in New York City. In 1894 he had invested in the
infamous Paige typesetter, which never worked. "Paige and I always met on elusively affectionate terms," Twain said, "& yet he knows perfectly well that if I had him in a steel trap I would shut out all human succor & watch that trap until he died..." Twain closed Hartford house. To recover from the bankrupt, he started a world lecture tour. By 1898 he had repaid all debts. From 1896 to 1900 he resided mainly in Europe. During the tour Susy, his favorite daughter, died of spinal meningitis.
Twain traveled New Zealand, Australia, India, and South Africa, and returned to the U.S. in 1900. Twain's travel book, FOLLOWING THE EQUATOR, appeared in 1897. In 1902 Twain made a trip to Hannibal, his home town which had inspired several of his works. His plans for a peaceful and quiet visit were ruined when more than 100 newspapers chronicled his every move.
The death of his wife in 1904 in Florence and his second daughter darkened the author's life, which is also seen in writings and his posthumously published autobiography (1924). Twain's view of the human nature had never been very optimistic, but during final years, he became even more bitter: "I believe that our Heavenly Father invented man because he was disappointed in the monkey."Especially hostile Twain was towards Christianity: "If men neglected 'God's poor' and
'God's stricken and helpless ones' as He does, what would become of
them? The answer is to be found in those dark lands where man follows His example and turns his indifference back upon them: they get no help at all; they cry, and plead and pray in vain, they linger and suffer, and miserably die." (from 'Thoughts of God') Twain died on April 21, 1910. His autobiography Twain dictated to his secretary A.B. Paine; various versions of it have been published. In 1916 appeared THE MYSTERIOUS STRANGER, set in the 16th-century Austria, in which Satan reveals the hypocrisies and stupidities of the village of Eseldorf. "The first man was a hypocrite and a coward, qualities which have not yet failed in his line; it is the foundation upon which all civilizations have been built." The work was composed between 1897 and 1908 in several, quite different versions, one of which was set in Hannibal, another in a print shop. Albert Bigelow Paine, Mark Twain's authorized biographer, apparently added to it a concluding chapter from another version altogether. Mark Twain's colorful life inspired the film The Adventures of Mark Twain (1944), directed by Irving Rapper and starring Fredric March. In Philip José Farmer's Riverworld epic Mark Twain was one of the central characters.
During his long writing career, Twain produced a considerable number of essays, which appeared in various newspapers and in magazines, including the Galaxy, Harper's, the Atlantic Monthly, and North American Review. In his 'Sandwich Islands' letters (1873) Twain
described how the missionaries and American government have corrupted the Hawaiians, 'Queen Victoria's Jubilee' (1897) presented the pomp and pageantry of an English royal procession, and 'King Leopold's Soliloquy' (1905) revealed in a dramatic monologue the political evils caused by despotism. The King complains: "Blister the meddlesome missionaries! They write tons of these things. They seem to be always around, always spying, always eye-witnessing the happenings; and everything they see they commit to paper... One of these missionaries saw eighty-one of these hands drying over a fire for transmission to my officials—and of course they must go and set it down and print it... nothing is too trivial for them to print..." Twain's finest satire of imperialism was perhaps 'To the Person Sitting in Darkness' (1901), in which the author wrote that the people in darkness are beginning to see "more light than... was profitable for us."
普罗米修斯 教学目标分析：对于神话故事，四年级的学生不是第一次接触，在这个学段，重点引导学生多读、多讲、读中感悟，体会故事蕴含的哲理和情感。学习概括故事的内容，练习讲故事。识字写字是贯穿整个小学阶段的重要任务，它是阅读习作的基础。针对以上要求，确定了本节课的教学目标。 学习者分析：中年级的学生具有一定的独立识字能力，学生认字并不困难，可以先让学生自学，老师在学生自学的基础上进行检查，可以对多音字、难读的生字或易混淆的生字作指导。所以在教学中重点指导了“焰”和“膝”的书写，多音字“脏”。 本单元的单元导读要求：学习简要概括故事的内容，练习讲故事。童话故事故事情节曲折，生动有趣，小学生都喜欢。而且，故事内容孩子一读就懂。所以在教学中，带领学生读懂课文，理清文章思路，然后引导孩子边读边悟。体会故事蕴含的哲理和情感。孩子在教师的带领下，在文本中走几个来回后，内容已经非常熟悉，讲故事就水到渠成。 教学重难点分析：要想让孩子能流畅有感情的把故事讲下来，必须读懂故事，理清故事思路。而理清故事思路方法就是引导孩子多读。每次读书要有这方面的要求。在学生读准字音，读通句子后，再读课文，就要提醒孩子，课文围绕普罗米修斯先写了什么？接着写了什么？最后又写了什么？
在他们的脑海中故事思路留下初步印象。再读课文，梳理故事起因、经过、结果。故事结果学生一读就知道，所以直奔故事结果，再带领孩子学习起因和经过。进而达到讲故事的目的。 教学过程设计： 学习目标： 1、会认“袖、吩、咐、恕、押、狠、肝、挽”8个生字， 能正确读写“火焰、驱寒取暖、领袖、气急败坏、惩罚、佩服、饶恕、违抗、双膝、肝脏”等词语。并积累好词 佳句。 2、通过熟读课文，理清文章思路。 3、通过有感情的朗读课文，体会普罗米斯的英雄形象。 教学重点：理清文章思路，体会普罗米修斯英雄形象。 教学过程 一、创设情境，点燃激情 同学们，老师知道你们一定喜欢神话故事，所以今天我给你们带来了一些有关神话故事的图片。请大家欣赏。今天我们再学习一篇古希腊的神话故事。板书课题：普罗米修斯。读外国人的名字要读的紧凑些，再来一次。那么，普罗米修斯到底是怎样的人呢？让我们一起走进课文来学习。 二、阅读质疑，自主体验 （一）初读课文，整体感知。
Mark Twain-the Mirror of America Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. 在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.
Unit 1 A CLASS ACT Florence Cartlidge 1. Growing up in bomb-blitzed Manchester during the Second World War meant times were tough, money was short, anxiety was rife and the pawnshop was a familiar destination for many families, including mine. 2. Yet I could not have asked for more enterprising and optimistic parents. They held our family together with hard work, dignity and bucketloads of cheer. My sturdy and ingenious father could turn his hand to almost anything and was never short of carpentry and handyman work. He even participated in the odd bout of backstreet boxing to make ends meet. For her part, our mum was thrifty and meticulously clean, and her five children were always sent to school well fed, very clean, and attired spotlessly, despite the hard conditions. 3. The trouble was, although my clothes were ironed to a knife-edge, and shoes polished to a gleam, not every item was standard school uniform issue. While Mum had scrimped and saved to obtain most of the gear, I still didn’t have the pres cribed blue blazer and hatband. 4. Because of the war, rationing was in place and most schools had relaxed their attitude towards proper uniforms, knowing how hard it was to obtain clothes. Nevertheless, the girls’ school I attended made it strict policy that each of its students was properly attired, and the deputy headmistress who ran the daily assembly made it her mission to teach me a lesson. 5. Despite my attempts at explaining why I couldn’t comply, and despite the fact that I was making slow progress towards the full uniform, every day I would be pulled out of line and made to stand on the stage as a shining example of what not to wear to school. 6. Every day I would battle back tears as I stood in front of my peers, embarrassed and, most often, alone. My punishment also extended to being barred from the gym team or to not taking part in the weekly ballroom dancing classes, which I adored. I desperately
普罗米修斯的故事课文 很久很久以前，有一位天神，叫普罗米修斯。 普罗米修斯不喜欢住在云雾缭绕的山顶上，他来到人间，同人们一起生活。他发现人们住在山洞里，饥寒交迫；他们被野兽捕食，甚至彼此猎食——他们实在是一切生物中最可怜的了。 “只要他们有了火，”普罗米修斯对自己说，“他们至少就可以取暖和做饭了；以后他们可以学会制造工具，给自己盖房子住。现在没有火，他们的日子过得比野兽还要坏。” 他鼓足勇气去见主神宙斯，请求他把火赐给人类。 “连一丁点儿火星我也绝对不给”，宙斯说，“不给就是不给！” 普罗米修斯下定决心要帮助人类。他转身走了，永远离开了宙斯和众神。 当他在海边行走时，发现那里长着一根芦苇，他将芦苇掰开，看见它是空心的，中间尽是干燥柔软的绒髓，这种绒髓一旦点着了，就会慢慢燃烧而且保持很长时间不会熄灭。他拿了这根长芦苇秆，向太阳居住的遥远的东方走去。 “人类必须有火！”他说。
天刚刚亮，他就到达了太阳所在的地方。当时，那颗金光灿烂的球体正好从地面升起，开始天空中的旅行。普罗米修斯把长芦秆的一端触到火焰，绒髓点着了，慢慢地燃烧起来了。他揣着那个宝贵的火种赶回出发前的地方。 他把几个冷得发抖的人从山洞里叫出来，为他们生了火，教他们用火取暖的方法。不久，人们家里都燃起了欢快的火焰，男男女女围在火的周围，得到了温暖和幸福。他们感谢普罗米修斯从太阳那里带来这份神奇的礼物。 过不多久，人们学会了吃熟食，不再像禽兽那样吃生食，紧接着，他们开始抛弃掉野蛮的原始习惯，从原来他们蜷居的阴暗角落里走了出来，到户外明亮的阳光下。他们为开始了新的生活而感到高兴。 随后，普罗米修斯把许多本领都给了人们，教他们怎么抵御冬天的风雪和林中野兽的侵袭。后来，又教他们如何开采矿石、冶冻铜铁，以及用铜铁铸造耕种所需要的工具和打猎用的武器。人们的生活变得一天比一天幸福了。 一天，宙斯偶然俯视大地，看见火在燃烧，人们有房子住，牛羊在山上吃草，五谷在地里生长。这一切使他十分震怒。 “这都是谁干的？”他问道。
Unit 1 1 A CLASS ACT 2 3 Florence Cartlidge 4 5 1. Growing up in bomb-blitzed Manchester during the Second World War 6 meant times were tough, money was short, anxiety was rife and the pawnshop was a familiar destination for many families, including mine. 7 8 9 2. Yet I could not have asked for more enterprising and optimistic 10 parents. They held our family together with hard work, dignity and 11 bucketloads of cheer. My sturdy and ingenious father could turn his hand 12 to almost anything and was never short of carpentry and handyman work. 13 He even participated in the odd bout of backstreet boxing to make ends 14 meet. For her part, our mum was thrifty and meticulously clean, and her 15 five children were always sent to school well fed, very clean, and attired 16 spotlessly, despite the hard conditions. 17 18 3. The trouble was, although my clothes were ironed to a knife-edge, 19 and shoes polished to a gleam, not every item was standard school uniform 20 issue. While Mum had scrimped and saved to obtain most of the gear, I 21 still didn’t have the pres cribed blue blazer and hatband. 22 23 4. Because of the war, rationing was in place and most schools had 24 relaxed their attitude towards proper uniforms, knowing how hard it was
马克吐温(MarkTwain)英语作文 马克吐温(Mark Twain)英语作文 在生活、工作和学习中，大家对作文都不陌生吧，根据写作命题的'特点，作文可以分为命题作文和非命题作文。你写作文时总是无从下笔？以下是精心的马克吐温(Mark Twain)英语作文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。 mark twain (1835-1910)， one of the best known american writers in the 19th century， was born in missouri in the middle part of the united states. mark twain’s hometown lay on the banks of the mississippi river， where he spent his childhood. when he grew up he worked as a pilot on a river boat for some time. mark twain is his pen name. he took it from the shout of the sailors measuring the depth of the water when the water was two marks deep on the lead line. mark twain wrote a lot of novels， one of which is the adventures of tom sawyer， the masterpiece which brought him fame and honor. some of his writings have been
Unit 1 A Class Act 1. 二战时，曼彻斯特饱受空袭之苦。成长在那里，意味着岁月艰难、钱财短缺、心情焦虑，也意味着许多家庭都是当铺的常客，包括我家。 2. 不过，我的父母最是乐观向上。他们用勤劳、自尊和满屋子的欢笑撑起了这个家。我父亲身体结实，心灵手巧，他那双手几乎无所不能，从不缺木匠和手工活儿。他甚至偶尔还会参加偏僻街道的拳击比赛，补贴家用。我母亲勤俭节约，把家收拾得干净利落。尽管条件艰苦，但她总能让自己的五个孩子吃得饱饱、穿得整整齐齐、干干净净地上学去。 3. 问题是：虽说我的衣服熨得有棱有角，皮鞋擦得铮亮铮亮的，可总有些地方不符合标准校服的要求。尽管母亲缩衣节食为我筹到了大部分装束，但我仍然没能凑齐学校指定的蓝色运动上衣和帽圈。 4. 由于战争影响，开始实施配给制度，大部分学校也放宽了对正规校服的要求，因为学校明白能有衣服穿已属不易。然而，我就读的女子学校却严格规定，每位学生必须穿正规的校服。于是那位负责每天集合的副校长就将训斥我视为她的任务来做。 5. 尽管我试图去解释我为何没能按规定着装，尽管我也正逐渐向全套校服靠近，我每天依然会被揪出队列，在台上罚站，作为对违反校服规定者的警戒。 6. 我每天站在同学面前，只能强忍泪水，不仅羞愧难耐，而且常常只有我一人挨罚。对我的惩罚还扩大到不能上体操课或者我钟爱的每周一次的交谊舞课。我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，哪怕只有一位老师能睁开双眼看看我能够做什么，而不是不停地告诉我不能做什么啊！ 7. 不过，12岁的我在心里也毫无选择，只有眼睁睁地挨受惩罚。我明白不能让仁厚的母亲知道我所遭受的这种习惯性羞辱，这点非常重要。我也不敢冒险让她到学校替我求情，因为我知道那些心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员们也同样会令她难堪，这意味着到时我们母女俩都要伤心、愤怒。老天！要是母亲再告诉父亲的话，他立马会大发雷霆，冲到学校来保护我。 8. 一天，我们全家在一家报纸举办的不收取费用的肖像模特摄影比赛中获了奖。我为此兴奋不已：那些好莱坞女星魅力四射的照片更令我想入非非。我迫不及待地想把这个激动人心的消息告诉朋友们。 9. 在那之前，母亲告诉我必须穿那件绿色蕾丝镶边裙——我最好的服装——去上学，因为摄影比赛正好安排在放学之后。她丝毫没有意识到我所要面临的痛苦。 10. 那天，我没有往常穿上这件心爱衣服时的喜悦。我心情郁闷地拖着沉重的步伐来到学校，发现自己成为了蓝色海洋中的一颗绿宝石。集合的时候，我没等人下命令就慢步走上台，去承受其他女生的窃笑和副校长那尖刻的眼神。 11. 当我第无数次想到，这位老师怎么会如此麻木不仁，竟然从未透过我的着装，看看这
普罗米修斯 [教学内容] 义务教育课程标准实验教科书语文（人教版）四年级下册第31课 [教材分析] 普罗米修斯是古希腊神话传说中的提坦神。他创造了人，同时仿造音神，终于使人类发出声来，而且教给人类知识和技术方法，同时他同众神之王宙斯及其对人类的统治霸权发起挑战。本文就是写普罗米修斯为了解除人类没有火种的困苦，不惜触犯天规，勇敢地盗取天火，从而给人类带来光明和智慧，并与宙斯进行不屈不挠斗争的动人传说，颂扬了普罗米修斯不畏强暴，为民造福不惜牺牲一切的伟大精神。 课文重点写了普罗米修斯盗取火种后所受的残酷惩罚。普罗米修斯被折磨了许多年，但是他依然没有屈服，直到被大力神所救。 学习这篇课文的目的，一是使学生对外国神话故事有所了解，二是进一步学习把每部分内容连起来归纳课文主要内容的方法；三是激发学生读神话故事的兴趣。 [设计理念] 《语文课程标准》在第二学段的阅读目标中要求学生“能复述叙事性作品的大意，初步感受作品中生动的形象和优美的语言，与他人交流自己的阅读感受”“。一篇引入入胜的神话故事是一叶精致的小舟。通过“读课文、说故事、评人物、明特点”在教学时巧妙地突破文本重点抓住文本留有空白的有用资源，适时对学生进行语言文字训练，在训练中加深学生的体验，在多种形式的朗读中促进学生对普罗米修斯品质的进一步感悟。使学生能戈，脯撑篙，驾着这一叶时空之舟，驶入希腊神话的河流，溯流而上，追寻西方文明的源头，领悟西方文明的最深邃、最广博的精义。 [学情分析] 1.由于本课是《普罗米修斯》是小学阶段最早接触的古希腊神话故事，对于学生来说，相对比较陌生，尤其是文中众神的名字读起来拗口，使得学生阅读课文时有了障碍，需要多加练习。 2.神话故事中的情节设置跌宕起伏，想象大胆，极尽夸张！如：锁在高加索山上，日夜遭受风吹雨淋，鹫鹰啄食普罗米修斯的肝脏等，超越了学生的生活实际，学生思维受限，难以理解！这就需要在教学时，通过创设情境帮助学生走进课文，体会神话人物个性鲜明的特点。
<<<<<< 精品资料》》》》》 1. 成长在二战期间战火连天的曼彻斯特意味着生活艰辛，金钱紧缺，整日焦虑不安，当铺成了大多数家庭经常去的地方，当然也包括我家。 2. 然而，我不能对已经很有进取心和积极乐观的父母有更多的要求了。他们艰辛地工作，用尊严和快乐来支撑着这个家庭。我刚毅而又智慧的父亲几乎无所不能，而且从不缺木匠和手工艺活。为了满足家庭开支，他甚至参加了非法组织的拳击比赛。至于我的母亲，她勤劳节约，极爱干净。即使条件艰苦，在母亲的照料下，她的五个孩子总能吃得饱饱地，穿得干干净净地去学校。 3. 尽管我的衣服熨得很平整，鞋子擦得发亮，还是不符合学校的着装标准。尽管妈妈勤俭持家，想办法为我们做衣服，但是我还是没有学校指定的蓝色校服和帽徽。 4. 由于战争，政府实施定量配给制。很多学校都放宽了对学生着装的要求，因为他们知道在那个时候弄到衣服是一件很困难的事情。尽管如此，我所在的女子学校对着装的要求依旧很严格，每个学生必须要穿学校指定的校服。所以，每天主持校会的副校长就把教我一个人如何着装当成了他的工作。 5. 虽然我努力地向老师说明我不能遵守的理由，并且事实上，我也在努力地改进，但是每天老师都会把我从队伍中拉出来，然后让我站到台上，作为不穿校服到学校的学生的典型。 6. 每天，当我独自一人尴尬地站在同学们的面前时，我都会强忍住泪水。为了惩罚我，老师甚至不允许我参加体操队，也不允许我参加我最喜欢的每周一次的交易舞会。我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，能有这样一位老师，他会睁开双眼，然后看看我会做什么，而不是不断地告诉我不能做什么。 7. 然而，在我十二岁的记忆中，除了接受惩罚我别无选择。不要让我善良的母亲知晓这种惯例的惩罚对我而言是很重要的，我不敢冒险让她来学校为我说情，因为我知道心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员会同样地使她难堪，那意味着我们俩都会不愉快、会有失颜面。千万不要啊，如果她告诉我父亲的话，他将会立即为我大动干戈。 10. 后来有一天，我们家赢得了一个报刊比赛，可以免费照相。当我想到著名好莱坞影星华丽的照片时，我非常兴奋。我迫不及待地想要把这个令人激动的消息告诉我朋友。 9. 直到那天，妈妈说我必须穿我最好的浅绿色的镶有蕾丝花边的裙子去学校时，我知道我的想法破灭了，因为拍照正好在课后，而她却没察觉到我所面临的困窘。 10. 到了这一天，我漫不经心地穿上了那条珍爱的裙子，心情沉重地拖着脚步去了学校。在校会上，没等到罚站的命令，我就径直地走上了站台，再一次忍受着同辈的嘲笑和副校长的冷眼。 11. 当我无数次地想到那个冷酷无情的老师对我的衣服连看都不看一眼，并对坐在下面乖巧 <<<<<< 精品资料》》》》》
四年级语文下册《普罗米修斯》课文知识点 整理 普罗米修斯 一、需要注意的字音 悲惨cǎn火焰yàn驱赶qū惩罚chéng 执行zhí归还huán违抗éi动弹tán 尽管jǐn双膝xī立即jí 多音字 尽jiì尽头弹tán弹跳还huán归还 jiǐ尽管dàn弹头hái还有 二、需要注意的字型 焰驱配绕 陷躯佩饶 恕狠厉 怒恨历 三、需要掌握的词语解释 气急败坏：上气不接下气，狼狈不堪。形容十分慌张或恼怒 惩罚：严厉地处罚。 四、近义词 严厉——严格悲惨——凄凉领袖——首领
惩罚——处罚立即——立刻坚定——坚决 五、反义词 坚定——动摇违抗——服从屈服——反抗 六、照样子写词语 气急败坏：眉飞色舞、聚精会神、眉开眼笑、言谈话语驱寒取暖：出生入死、死去活来、一来二去、上天入地 七、句子 火神很敬佩普罗米修斯，悄悄对他说：“只要你向宙斯承认错误，归还火种，我一定请求他饶恕你。” 偷了火种，火神不但不气恼，反而非常敬佩普罗米修斯，还试图想救他。敬佩普罗米修斯什么呢？神话中说，最初的人，是和众神在迈孔奈平原上幸福地共同生活的。一段时间以后，宙斯决定将人和神分开。他把这任务交给了普罗米修斯，要求他将双方彻底分开。于是，普罗米修斯在祭祀的时候，将事先涂了厚厚一层白油的骨头献给宙斯，却将较好的部分藏在看上去不太诱人的内脏里，给了人类。宙斯察觉了这一骗局，他报复人类，拿走了他们的火种。而普罗米修斯盗火种之举是正义的，也是大胆的，因而火神敬佩他。从中也可以看出火神也是富有正义感的神。 八、相关练习 “看到人类没有火的悲惨情景，决心冒着生命危险，到太阳神阿波罗那里去取火”一句，体现了普罗米修斯盗火的
1.成长在二战期间战火连天的曼彻斯特意味着生活艰辛，金钱紧缺，整日焦虑不安，当铺成了大多数家庭经常去的地方，当然也包括我家。 2.然而，我不能对已经很有进取心和积极乐观的父母有更多的要求了。他们艰辛地工作，用尊严和快乐来支撑着这个家庭。我刚毅而又智慧的父亲几乎无所不能，而且从不缺木匠和手工艺活。为了满足家庭开支，他甚至参加了非法组织的拳击比赛。至于我的母亲，她勤劳节约，极爱干净。即使条件艰苦，在母亲的照料下，她的五个孩子总能吃得饱饱地，穿得干干净净地去学校。 3.尽管我的衣服熨得很平整，鞋子擦得发亮，还是不符合学校的着装标准。尽管妈妈勤俭持家，想办法为我们做衣服，但是我还是没有学校指定的蓝色校服和帽徽。 4.由于战争，政府实施定量配给制。很多学校都放宽了对学生着装的要求，因为他们知道在那个时候弄到衣服是一件很困难的事情。尽管如此，我所在的女子学校对着装的要求依旧很严格，每个学生必须要穿学校指定的校服。所以，每天主持校会的副校长就把教我一个人如何着装当成了他的工作。 5.虽然我努力地向老师说明我不能遵守的理由，并且事实上，我也在努力地改进，但是每天老师都会把我从队伍中拉出来，然后让我站到台上，作为不穿校服到学校的学生的典型。 6.每天，当我独自一人尴尬地站在同学们的面前时，我都会强忍住泪水。为了惩罚我，老师甚至不允许我参加体操队，也不允许我参加我最喜欢的每周一次的交易舞会。我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，能有这样一位老师，他会睁开双眼，然后看看我会做什么，而不是不断地告诉我不能做什么。 7.然而，在我十二岁的记忆中，除了接受惩罚我别无选择。不要让我善良的母亲知晓这种惯例的惩罚对我而言是很重要的，我不敢冒险让她来学校为我说情，因为我知道心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员会同样地使她难堪，那意味着我们俩都会不愉快、会有失颜面。千万不要啊，如果她告诉我父亲的话，他将会立即为我大动干戈。 10.后来有一天，我们家赢得了一个报刊比赛，可以免费照相。当我想到著名好莱坞影星华丽的照片时，我非常兴奋。我迫不及待地想要把这个令人激动的消息告诉我朋友。 9.直到那天，妈妈说我必须穿我最好的浅绿色的镶有蕾丝花边的裙子去学校时，我知道我的想法破灭了，因为拍照正好在课后，而她却没察觉到我所面临的困窘。 10.到了这一天，我漫不经心地穿上了那条珍爱的裙子，心情沉重地拖着脚步去了学校。在校会上，没等到罚站的命令，我就径直地走上了站台，再一次忍受着同辈的嘲笑和副校长的冷眼。 11.当我无数次地想到那个冷酷无情的老师对我的衣服连看都不看一眼，并对坐在下面乖巧且渴望加入年轻女孩队伍的我视而不见时，委屈的泪水忍不住的想流下来。 12.校会结束以后，第一节课是英国文学，这是我最喜欢的一门课，上课的老师是我最喜欢的老师。为了能使我的内心平静下来，我安慰自己至少我还能在教室的后面享受品读查尔斯·狄更斯的《双城记》。当我还在假想的时候，却突然上课了，迈克·维让我做到教室的前面，难道迈克·维已经加入了敌方阵营？ 13.尽管在我一次又一次被挑出去站着的时候，我都尽力掩饰我有多么痛苦，但我低垂的眼，低下的头和流出的泪又一次泄露了我的沮丧。 14.由于我坐在前排，迈克·维小姐抬起头从上到下仔细打量了我一番，之后她说出了在这个心胸狭窄的地方我听到过的最动听的一句话。 15.亲爱的，我觉得你就是这个沉闷的学校里最亮丽的最可爱的一道风景线，看到你是一件让人觉得愉悦的事情，而我们只有一节课的见面时间，不是一整天。 16.我冰封的心瞬间就融化了，我开始变得很自信。我相信我给她的那个微笑是她见过的最灿烂的笑容。在剩余的时间里我都因她的那些话所带来的暖意而飘飘然了。
《普罗米修斯》课文原文 四年级语文教案 很久很久以前，地面上没有火，人们只好吃生的东西，在无边的黑暗中度过一个又一个长夜。就在这时候，有一位名叫普罗米修斯的天神来到了人间，看到人类没有火的悲惨情景，决心冒着生命危险，到太阳神阿波罗那里去拿取火种。 有一天，当阿波罗驾着太阳车从天空中驰过的时候，他跑到太阳车那里，从喷射着火焰的车轮上，拿取了一颗火星，带到人间。自从有了火，人类就开始用它烧熟食物，驱寒取暖，并用火来驱赶危害人类安全的猛兽…… 众神的领袖（xiù）宙斯得知普罗米修斯从天上取走火种的消息以后，气急败坏，决定给普罗米修斯以最严厉的惩罚，吩（fēn）咐火神立即执行。 火神很敬佩普罗米修斯，悄悄对他说：“只要你向宙斯承认错误，归还火种，我一定请求他饶恕（shù）你。” 普罗米修斯摇摇头，坚定地回答：“为人类造福，有什么错？我可以忍受各种痛苦，但决不会承认错误，更不会归还火种！” 火神不敢违抗宙斯的命令，只好把普罗米修斯押（yā）到高加索山上。普罗米修斯的双手和双脚戴着铁环，被死死地锁在高高的悬崖上。他既不能动弹，也不能睡觉，日夜遭受着风吹雨淋的痛苦。尽管如此，普罗米修斯就是不向宙斯屈服。 狠（hěn）心的宙斯又派了一只凶恶的鹫（jiù）鹰，每天站在普罗米修斯的双膝上，用它尖利的嘴巴，啄食他的肝脏。白天，他的肝脏被吃光了，可是一到
晚上，肝脏又重新长了起来。这样，普罗米修斯所承受的痛苦，永远没有尽头了。 许多年来，普罗米修斯一直被锁在那个可怕的悬崖上。 有一天，著名的大力神赫（hè）拉克勒（lè）斯经过高加索山，他看到普罗米修斯被锁在悬崖上，心中愤愤不平，便挽（wǎn）弓搭箭，射死了那只鹫鹰，接着又用石头砸碎了锁链。普罗米修斯——这位敢于从天上拿取火种的英雄，终于获得了自由。
31 普罗米修斯 教学目标： 1、我会读14个生字，并会写“焰、膝、饶”3个生字。 2、我学习抓住人物之间的关系概括课文内容的方法。 3、我能正确、流利、有感情的朗读课文，体会普罗米修斯的勇敢和献身精神。 重点难点： 重点：会读14个生字，会写3个生字。学习抓住人物关系概括课文主要内容的方法。 难点：理解课文内容，体会普罗米修斯的勇敢和献身精神。 教学方法： 边读边想象，在读中感悟的方法。 教学过程： 一、导入 师：老师带来了一些神话故事的图片，请同学们欣赏并说出神话故事的名称。（课件展示图片） 师：从这些神话故事中你感受到了神话故事的什么特点？ （神奇性，想象丰富） 二、新授 1、引入新课 师：今天，我们要在古希腊神话故事中认识一位给人类幸福和光明的神，他的名字叫“普罗米修斯”（板书课题）让我们一起呼唤她的名字（齐读课题）。
2、明确学习目标 师：在学习之前，请同学们先明确这节课的学习目标。 指名读。 师：有信心完成吗？ 3、检查预习情况 检查字词学习情况： 师：课前同学们预习了课文，下面老师检查一下同学们的预习情况。这些词语都会读吗？（自由读一遍，指名读，齐读） 师：读一读蓝色字体，你发现了社么？ 4、指导书写生字 师：同学们预习的很认真，词语都会读了，我们现在写写这三个字。仔细观察，在写时应该注意什么？（指名说，师板演，同桌互评） 5、初读课文，概括课文主要内容 师：书读得怎么样呢？咱们开火车读，一人读一个自然段，老师只点火车头，接下来谁读由前一个读的同学指定，听明白了吗？ 学生读书。要求：边读边画出文中提到了几位神？并想想他们之间发生了什么事。 交流文中出现几位神？ 师：让我们先认识一下这五位神（读他们的名字），谁能抓住人物之间的关系来概括课文的主要内容？ 6、默读课文1、2自然段 师：让我们一起走进古希腊神话故事中感受神话的神奇吧！请同学们们默读课文1、2自然段。（课件出示要求）
部编四年级上册 14.普罗米修斯 很久很久以前，地面上没有火，人们只好吃生的东西，在无边的黑暗中度过一个又一个长夜。就在这时候，有一位名叫普罗米修斯的天神来到了人间，看到人类没有火的悲惨（cǎn）情景，决心冒着生命危险，到天上去“盗”（dào）取火种。 有一天，当太阳车从天空驰（chí）过的时候，普罗米修斯跑到太阳车那里，从喷射着火焰（yàn）的车轮上，拿了一颗火星，带到人间。自从有了火，人类就开始用它烧熟食物，驱（qū）寒取暖， 并用火来驱赶危害人类安全的猛兽…… 得知普罗米修斯从天上取走火种的消息，众神的领袖宙斯气急败（bài）坏，决定给普罗米修斯以最严厉的惩（chéng）罚，吩（f ēn）咐（fù）火神立即执行。 火神赫（hè）淮（huái）斯托斯很敬佩（pèi）普罗米修斯，悄悄对他说：“只要你向宙斯承认错误，归还（huán）火种，我一 定请求他饶恕（shù）你。” 普罗米修斯摇摇头，坚（jiān）定地回答：“为人类造福，有 什么错？我可以忍受各种痛苦，但决不会承认错误，更不会归还火种！” 火神不敢违抗宙斯的命令，只好把普罗米修斯押（yā）到高加 索山上。普罗米修斯的双手和双脚戴着铁环，被死死地锁（suǒ）在高高的悬崖上。他既不能动弹，也不能睡觉，日夜遭（zāo）受着风吹雨淋的痛苦。尽管如此，普罗米修斯就是不向宙斯屈（qū）服。
狠心的宙斯又派了一只凶恶（è）的鹫（jiù）鹰，每天站在普罗米修斯的双膝上，用它尖利的嘴巴，啄（zhuò）食他的肝（gān）脏。白天，他的肝脏被吃光了，可是一到晚上，肝脏又重新长了起来。这样，普罗米修斯所承受的痛苦，永远没有了尽头。 许多年来，普罗米修斯一直被锁在那个可怕的悬崖上。 有一天，著名的大力士赫拉克勒（lè）斯经过高加索山。他看到普罗米修斯被锁在悬崖上，心中愤（fèn）愤不平，便挽（wǎn）弓搭箭，射死了那只鹫鹰，又用石头砸（zá）碎了锁链（liàn）。普罗米修斯——这位敢于从天上“盗”取火种的英雄，终于获得了自由。
第14课《普罗米修斯》 很久很久以前，地面上没有火，人们只好吃生的东西，在无边的黑暗中度过一个又一个长夜。就在这时候，有一位名叫普罗米修斯的天神来到了人间，看到人类没有火的悲惨情景，决心冒着生命危险，到太阳神阿波罗那里去拿取火种。 有一天，当阿波罗驾着太阳车从天空驰过的时候，普罗米修斯跑到太阳车那里，从喷射着火焰的车轮上，拿取了一颗火星，带到人间。自从有了火，人类就开始用它烧熟食物，驱寒取暖，并用火来驱赶危害人类安全的猛兽…… 得知普罗米修斯从天上取走火种的消息，众神的领袖（xiù）宙斯气急败坏，决定给普罗米修斯以最严厉的惩罚，吩（fēn）咐火神立即执行。 火神赫淮斯托斯很敬佩普罗米修斯，悄悄对他说：“只要你向宙斯承认错误，归还火种，我一定请求他饶恕（shù）你。” 普罗米修斯摇摇头，坚定地回答：“为人类造福，有什么错？我可以忍受各种痛苦，但决不会承认错误，更不会归还火种！”
火神不敢违抗宙斯的命令，只好把普罗米修斯押（yā）到高加索山上。普罗米修斯的双手和双脚戴着铁环，被死死地锁在高高的悬崖上。他既不能动弹，也不能睡觉，日夜遭受着风吹雨淋的痛苦。尽管如此，普罗米修斯就是不向宙斯屈服。 狠（hěn）心的宙斯又派了一只凶恶的鹫（jiù）鹰，每天站在普罗米修斯的双膝上，用它尖利的嘴巴，啄食他的肝脏。白天，他的肝脏被吃光了，可是一到晚上，肝脏又重新长了起来。这样，普罗米修斯所承受的痛苦，永远没有了尽头。 许多年来，普罗米修斯一直被锁在那个可怕的悬崖上。 有一天，著名的大力神赫（hè）拉克勒（lè）斯经过高加索山。他看到普罗米修斯被锁在悬崖上，心中愤愤不平，便挽（wǎn）弓搭箭，射死了那只鹫鹰，接着又用石头砸碎了锁链。普罗米修斯——这位敢于从天上拿取火种的英雄，终于获得了自由。
M a r k T w a i n-t h e M i r r o r o f A m e r i c a Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. 在大多数美国人的心目中，马克吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。但我发现还有另一个不同的马克吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world. 印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克吐温原名塞缪尔朗赫恩克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。 The geographic core, in Twain's early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart. Keelboats ，flatboats , and large rafts carried the first major commerce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country; sugar, molasses , cotton, and whiskey traveled north. In the 1850's, before the climax of westward expansion, the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States. 在马克吐温青年时代，美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而密西西比河是这个年轻国家中部的交通大动脉。龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下，运送到河口三角洲地区，而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。在19世 纪50年代，西部领土开发高潮到来之前，辽阔的密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土的四分之三。 Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied a cosmos. He participated abundantly in this life, listening to pilothouse talk of feuds, piracies, lynchings ,medicine shows, and savage waterside slums. All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic 1857年，少年马克吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。在这个新的工作岗位上，他接触到的是各式各样的人物，看到的是一个多姿多彩的大干世界。他完全地投身到这种生活之中，经常在操舵室里听着人们谈论民间争斗、海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边的一些化外民居的故事。所有这一切，连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言，后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。 Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. His four and a half year s in the steamboat trade marked the real beginning of his education, and the most lasting part of it. In later life Twain acknowledged