现在完成时教学方案
一、现在完成时的构成
(一)肯定式
主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它
说明：这里的have /has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为s 或ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例：
1)Ive just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了)
2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到)
(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)
3)Weve just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)
(二)否定式
主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它
说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为havent ，hasnt。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例：
1)I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。
2)She hasnt travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。
3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。
注：有时not可以用never代替，表示从来没有的意思。又如：
4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。
(三)一般疑问式
助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它?
说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用Yes ，主语+have/has.?否定回答用No，主语+havent/hasnt.有时也可以用No，not yet./No ，never./No，not even once.等。实例：
1)Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗?
Yes ，I have .是的，我做过。
2)Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗?
No，never.不，从来没有。
3)Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?
Yes ，they have.是的，他们找到了。
注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly(几乎不)，never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗?
二、现在完成时的用法
(一)现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already(已经) ，yet(还、已经) ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever(曾经) ，never(从不) ，before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：
1.already意为已经，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：
1)Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。
(读这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是知道书中的内容。)
2)Ive washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。
(洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是衣服冼干净了。)
注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例：
3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?
2.yet用在疑问句中意为已经，用在否定句中意为还，常放在句末。实例：
1)Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?
No，not yet.不，还没有。
2)The woman hasnt found her dog yet .
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响)
3.just意为刚刚，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：
He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。
4.ever意为曾经，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：
1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?
2)I havent ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。
5.never意为从来没有常与before连用(before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：
I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
6.before意为以前，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例：
1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?
2)I havent eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。
(二)现在完成时用法二2持续性用法(肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词)：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与for +一段时间?或since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。
for + 段时间
since +点时间
实例：
1)Ive lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
= Ive lived here since 13 years ago.
= Ive lived here for 13 years.
= It is 13 years since I began to live here.
2)I havent seen him for three years .我三年没有看见他了。
= I havent seen him since three years ago
= I havent seen him since 2000.
= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .
自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
4)Shes been at this school since five years ago.
自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。
注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从。。。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。
②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
1) 他入团两年了。
误：He has joined the League for two years.
正：He has been a League member for two years.
2)我买这辆自行车三年了。
误：I have bought this bike for three years.
正：I have had this bike for three years.
2) ▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：
短暂性动词延续性动词
die be dead
borrow keep
buy/catch have
get up be up
come be in
finish be over
leaver be away
open be open
close be closed
begin be on
become interested in be interested in
有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢?
☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。
②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。
例：He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在\完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了)
巩固练习：
I.按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。
1、He has already finished his homework.(改为否定句)
He _______ finished his homework ________.
2.They have found the lost books already.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)
______ they _______ the lost books _______?No，they________.
3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改为肯定句)
Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school .
4.You have never been to Shanghai before，_________ _________ ?(改为反意疑问句)
5. Hes gone to Beijing, ______ ______?(改为反意疑问句)
6.Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.(改为同义句)
Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999.
7. He hasnt left home for 3 days.(同义句)
He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.
8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)
II.选择正确答案。
( )1.Who is Mary ?
____?I saw you talking with her at the meeting .
A.Dont you meet her yet
B.Didnt you met her yet
C.Havent you met her yet
D.Hadnt you met her yet
( )2.How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black?
Oh ，I ____ such a beautiful city .
A.dont visit
B.didnt visit
C.havent visited
D.hadnt visited
( )3.The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.
A.dont feel
B.hasnt felt
C.havent felt
D.didnt feel
( ) 4.We have lived here ____ five years ago.
A.when
B.since
C.before
D.after
` 现在完成时的用法 一、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例如：你读过那个故事吗？Have you read that story? （―读‖这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响为：是否知道故事中的内容）我买了两个苹果。I have bought two apples. （―买‖这一动作发生在过去对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果） （一）、构成：“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词” （二）、句型结构： 肯定式：主语+have/has+ 过去分词+其它。 如：I have just come back from Qinzhou. 否定式：主语+have/ has not + 过去分词+其它。 如：I haven’t seen the TV play. 一般疑问句：Have/ has+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它? 如：Has Jack finished his homework? 回答：肯定：Yes, 主语+ have/has . 否定：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？ 如：How long have you had the dog ? [当堂检测] 完成下列句子： 1．李明还没看过这本书了。 Liming ______ ______ that book ______. 2. 他去看医生了吗？ ______he______ ______ see the doctor? 3. 我非常高兴，因为我通过这次英语考试。 I am very happy, because I ______ ______ the English exam. 4. 你在这等了多久了? ______ ______ ______ you _____ here? 5. 妈妈把那本书弄丢了。 Mum_____ _____that book. 6.你去哪了？ Where_____you_____ ?
一现在完成时概念及用法： 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just（刚刚），already （已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever （曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 2 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和for 或since引导的时间状语连用。此时的动词必须是延续性动词。 构成：have/ has(助动词)+V过去分词 肯定句：主语+ have/ has+V过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+ have/ has+not+V过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：have/ has+主语+ +V过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 3 常用标志词语 already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet , since + 过去的时间点,for + 一段时间等 already 常用于肯定句；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 二常用句型结构辨析 （一）have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析： ⑴ have/ has been to + 地名“曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。 He has been to England twice．他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了) Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上） ⑵have gone to + 地名“已经去某地了”，说话时该人不在现场。 He has gone to England。他已去英国了。 (已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上) ⑶ have been in +地点待在某地，常与时间段搭配。 I have been in Shanghai for three years. （二）since与for区别： 1）for其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态。表示动作或状态持续的时间长短； since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（一般过去时）；也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型“It’s+时间段+since+一般过去时态的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态。 I’ve lived in this city for five years. He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day. We’ve studied here since 2009. She has worked here for five years. It’s two years since I came to China. 练习：用since 和for填空 1.Jim has been in Ireland last Monday. 2.Jill has been in Ireland three days. 3.His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days. 4.Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital 0ctober. 2）for 与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互替换
人教版八年级下现在完 成时讲与练 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
人教版八年级下册现在完成时 Unit8：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时间段 Mary has been ill for three days. ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）I have lived here since 1998. ③since+时间段+ago I have lived here since six years ago. ④since+从句（过去时） I have lived here since I was born. ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）It’s six years since I lived here. （buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy----have; borrow -----keep; come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out ; leave ----be away ; begin-----be on ; finish----be over ; open----be open ; close -----be closed ; die----be dead ★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替put on b)用“be＋形容词”表示一种状态，表延续性 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be＋副词”表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army
现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时由助动词have\has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。 I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 2.现在完成时的用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3.常和现在完成时连用的时间状语： already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。 Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 4.现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。 否定句：在have\has后加not 结构：主语+has\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构：Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 注意：肯定句中如有some\and，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成any\or，即 some-any and-or
初二英语英语现在完成时知识点总结含答案解析百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—— ______you _____ out the problem, Sam? ——Not yet, but I'm going to. A. Did, work B. Are, working C. Have, worked D. Will , work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：萨姆，你计算出这道数学题了吗？——还没有，但是快了。结合语境可知上文描述的是现在已经完成的动作，故用现在完成时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系，注意结合这一特点进行区分。 2．—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 3．Mr．Fan in 2005．In other words，he for 9 years till now． A. got married；has been married B. married；had been married C. got married；had been married D. married；got married 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】首先第一空表述的是一个发生在2005年（即过去）的一个动作，所以为一般过去时，其次 married 后面要接宾语，get married 表示的是短暂性动作，所以应填get married. 第二空由“till now”可知表示的是从过去直到现在的一种状态即为现在完成时，此处married做形容词“已婚的”故填“has been married”,故选A. 【点评】此题考查了动词时态问题，同时也考查了“get married”和“married ”的区别。 4．—What _______ you just now? —Don't worry. Nothing _______.
现在完成时 现在完成时（present perfect tense）通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。 1.现在完成时结构 1.1.助动词have/has+动词过去分词。其中，助动词要随着主语的变化而变化，当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词要用“has”。 例：Have you finished your work? He says that he has seen UFOs many times. 1.2.现在完成时的缩写形式：I have=I ’ve have not= haven’t has not= hasn’t 例：I’ve finished my work./He hasn’t finished his work. 1.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 例：----Have you finished your work?----Yes,I have./No,l haven’t. ----Have they arrived?----Yes,they have./No,they haven’t. 1.4.1.通过加-ed的形式来构成规则动词的过去分词，就像我们构成这些动词的过去式方法一样。 大多数动词后+ed.如finish---finished. 以字母e为结尾的动词后+d,如change---changed. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去掉y,再加ied.如carry---carried.
初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习
一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.
4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词
八年级英语现在完成时专项练习 时间：2008年05月08日作者：来源： 一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him.（呼和浩特） A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year. A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has wr itten 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even ______. A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years. A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
现在完成时（I）语法知识 定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,这个影响和结果对现在还必须存在.常与already(已经), yet(已经,还), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)，never 等词连用. 常用于肯定句或疑问句（均表示：已经）. 常用于否定句(表示：还、尚),疑问句末尾（表示：已经）. 现在完成时的构成及句型结构：（注：过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化，规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样，不规则变化见教材137页） 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I have already lost the key.我已经弄丢了钥匙. (我现在没有钥匙) He has ever read that book .他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容) They have just cleaned their hands.他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的) 2.否定句：主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I haven’t lost the key yet. He hasn’t ever read that book . They haven’t just cleaned their hands. 3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ eg: What have you already done?（done是do/does的过去分词） What has he ever done? What have they just done? 定义：(2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.
现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill?for three days. I have lived here?since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
现在完成时(复习课) 问候语：（Greetings） 导入：（Leading in）回顾一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时这三种时态的含义，从而引出现在完成时态。一般现在时：表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间点发生的动作或存在的状态。一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 学习目标：（Learning Aims）●现在完成时态（The Present Perfect Tense）的含义，结构及用法。●现在分词的构成及一些不规则动词。学习重，难点：（Learning Difficulties）●现在完成时的结构及用法。●用于现在完成时的一些标志词及时间状语。一些不规则动词。 学习过程：（Learning courses） 一.含义：现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响。 二.结构：have / has (助动词) + V 过去分词。have / has 在结构中没有实际的含义，不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的动词一起作谓语。has 只用于主语是第三人称单数（he
she it）. have 用于主语是其他人称（I we you you they）. Exercises : 选用have has填空。1. I_have___ told him the news. 2. She_ has ___come back from back.. 3. You __have__won the game. 三．否定结构：主语+ haven’t / hasn’t +V过去分词+ 其他。疑问结构：Have / has + 主语+ V过去分词+ 其他。肯定回答：Yes ,主语+ have / has . 否定回答：No ,主语+ haven’t / hasn’t . Exercises: 按要求改写下面句子。 1.They have bought a computer. 改为否定句）_________________________________________________. 2.He has lost his book.(先改为一般疑问句，再作肯定回答与否定回答) __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 四．标志词：already( 已经) ,just（刚刚，刚才），ever（曾经never（从来没有），yet （还没）。for +（时间段），e.g. for three years. Homework:Finish test papers. 教学反思：
现在完成时 The Present Perfect 课前热身 1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years . Ａ. writes B.wrote C.has written 2,I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A.have made B.have been C.made D. have become 4.—Our country ____ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better 5. —______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago. Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished Ｃ.Have; done; have finished 讨论展示 1、分组讨论，说出以上句子主要用了哪种时态？ 2、你能讲出该时态的构成吗？ 现在完成时 一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二．句型： 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 3、请归纳出现在完成时的主要用法，通过哪些词语来提示？ 现在完成时用法 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语：already，yet, so far，never，just，before，recently， I have already lost my key.（说明过去某时丢的，现在还未找到。） 你能举例吗？ 2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。for+一段时间，since+一段时间 I have known him for ten years. I have known him since ten years ago . （从开始认识到现在延续了十年） 你能举例吗？ 4、请比较： He has been to the US . He has gone to the US . He has been in the US for three years . 5、请看句子：He has come to school for two hours .对吗？ For 和since要用延续性动词，如果是短暂性动词要改为相应的延续性动词，例
初中英语现在完成时专题训练答案 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．He has studied in our school __________. A. since five years B. for five years C. for five years ago D. in five years 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：他已经在我们学校学习五年了。has studied是现在完成时，和for+段时间连用，since+过去时间和现在完成时连用，in+段时间和一般将来时连用，故选B。 【点评】考查时间状语。根据句意选出正确的时间状语。 2．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。 3．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时的用法。 5．—They say there is a new restaurant near here.
现在完成时 ⒈构成 Have/has +过去分词 现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式： 【提示】 ①现在完成时的肯定式和否定式有其缩写形式：have→’ve, has→’s.例如：She’s worked. =She has worked. I’ve not worked. = I haven’t worked. ②现在完成时的否定疑问句形式为：Have you not worked? Have they not worked? Has he not worked?其缩写形式为：Haven’t you worked? Haven’t they worked? Hasn’t he worked? ③现在完成时的简略回答形式为：Yes, I have. No, I have not/haven’t. ⒉用法
⑴过去动作产生的影响等 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。在没有具体时间状语的情况下，现在完成时可以表示某一行为动作在说话之前已经完成，而其结果或影响至今仍然存在。因此，现在完车时这一时态强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系，也就是强调现在的影响和结果。例如： Someone has broken the window.（“打破”这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响延续至今，其结果是窗子仍然是破的，The window is now broken.） I have lost my pen.（结果是：我现在无钢笔可用，I have no pen to use.） He’s locked the door.(结果是：现在门锁上了，我们进不去，Now the door is locked and we can’t go in.) The party has started. (The party started and now it is going on.) I’ve forgotten her name= I forgot her name. 他今天还没吃任何东西.(现在一定很饿了) _________________________________________________________________ 我已经吃过午饭了（现在不饿了） ____________________________________________________ ⑵过去的动作延续到现在和未来 表示一个开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常同for, since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long…（多久）句型中，表示持续的时间。例如： He has studied English for ten years.（可能继续学下去） She has lived here since then. He has been in Nanjing since 2003.
a t i t h e i r 现在完成时练习题一，完成句子 1. I have done my homework. 否定句： I ________ _________ my homework.一般疑问：_________ you ________ your homework? Yes, I ________. No, I _________. 2，She has seen the movie before. 否定句： She ________ _________ the movie.一般疑问：________ she _______ the movie? Yes, she ________. No, she ________.2.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I ________ already ________ the book. (read) 2. He _____ just ______ (finish ）his homework. 3. She _____ ______(not play) soccer yet. 4. Mom _____ ever ______（visit ）Jinan before.5 They ____never ____ (be) to Jinan. 6 So far we __________(learn)1000 words. 7 In the past five years my hometown________(change)a lot.8 Tom ______(seen ）the movie twice. 三，用has/have been to 和 has/have gone to 填空 Have/has been to--- 曾经去过某地（已回） Have/has gone to---去了某地 ( 至今未回 ） 有ever 、 never 和表示次数的词时用have been to 1. I like the Great Wall. I _________________ three times. 2.He ______ ever ______ _____ Beijing. 3. He doesn’t like the place. He _____ nerer ______ there. 4.---Where’s your father? –He _______ Jinan. 5 Jim isn’t at school.She is ill. He ________ the hospital.四，用since 和for 填空 ______ two years _______ two years ago _______ last month ______ 1999 _______ yesterday _______ 4 o’clock ______ 4 hours _______ an hour ago _______ we were children 1. I have kept the book _______ a week , I must return it on time . 2. We have learned English ______ 5 years ago, so we have learned it ______ 5 years. 3. Miss Li has taught maths ________ she came to this school .. 4. I have had a cold _______ yesterday. 5. The workers have worked _______ 10 hours . They are very tired. 6. Great changes have taken place in China ______ it was founded. 7. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 8. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 9.It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.五，单项选择1、（2016?永州）-___you ever ___to the Great Wall ？-Yes ，Three times ．（ ） A ．Has ，been B ．Have ，been C ．Have ，gone