专题4 特殊句式
◆主谓一致的核心考点
1．就近一致原则
(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.
2．意义一致原则
(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况
①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.
②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.
(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
3．语法一致原则
(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语
①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
③“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
④通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Bread and butter is not to his taste.
(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
(3)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
◆倒装句的核心考点
1．全部倒装
(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。
Look，there’s that bookshop I was telling you about.
(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out 等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
There goes the phone.I’ll answer it.
(3)such作表语置于句首时。
Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man but the 20th ce ntury’s greatest scientist.
(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。
“If you die，who will get your money？” asked Holmes.
(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
In the center of the square stands a monument.
(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
2．部分倒装
在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。
Little does he care about what others think.
(2)在not...until...，no sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等句式中。
Neither does he drink nor smoke.
(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。
Only then did I find I had made a mistake.
(4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。
So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.
(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。
Times have changed and so have I.
(6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nor ＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。
They coul dn’t understand it at that time，and nor could we.
(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。
Had it not been for your help，we shouldn’t have achieved so much.
(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。
Try as she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.
(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May you succeed!
◆强调句的核心考点
1．使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。
First impressions really do count.
2．运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。
强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：(1)强调句型中的主谓一致
在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.
(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。
It was on August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.
(3)强调句型的疑问句
在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”结构。
Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?
When was it that she changed her mind?
(4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
注意事项：
1．如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.
2．强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。
It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isn’t it?
3．强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。
It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.
4．强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”，原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。
It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)
It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(状语从句)
◆省略句的核心考点
1．状语从句中的省略
由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和be。
When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.
If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.
2．不定式的省略
单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。
—Will you please look after my house when I’m away?
—I’m glad to.
—Are you a sailor?
—No.But I used to be.
Your work hasn’t been handed in，but it ought to have been.
3．常考的几个省略形式
if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller...than等。
4．并列句中的省略
并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。
He is going to Hong Kong，but his brother (is going) to America.
My room is on the third floor and his，on the fifth.
◆特殊句式与语法填空
特殊句式常考的语法项目包含主谓一致、倒装句、强调句、省略句、感叹句、祈使句等。考查形式有谓语动词的数、状语从句的省略中的非谓语动词、以及助动词、替代词或标志性的词等。
典题试做1
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内所给词的正确形式
1．Yangshuo (be) really beautiful.(2015·全国Ⅰ)
答案is
解析考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时，由于主语是单数第三人称形式，故填is。
2．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was
fully recognized.(2015·重庆)
答案that
解析考查强调句。本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ＋其他，本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century，故填that。
3．after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015·湖南)
答案Only
解析考查倒装句。only放在句首，后面跟状语时，使用部分倒装结构。
4．—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No.If ，he would have driven his car to our college yesterday.(2013·福建)
答案so
解析考查替代。“如果通过的话”，用so替代前面George has passed the driving test。5．Call me tomorrow I’ll let you know the lab result.(2014·大纲全国)
答案and
解析由语境可知，此处是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”这一固定句式结构，故填and。
6． a strange plant！I’ve never seen it before.(2011·辽宁)
答案What
解析因为空后的中心词plant是名词，所以用what引导该感叹句。What a strange plant！也可表达成How strange a plant，即how后的中心词为形容词或副词。故填what。
应对策略1
注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式，再根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。
◆特殊句式与短文改错
短文改错中对于特殊句式的考查主要涉及主谓不一致、以及含有助动词的谓语结构错误、替代词的错用等。
典题试做2
单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1．Hard work have made him very ill.(2013·辽宁)
答案have→has
解析考查主谓一致。work为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
2．Finally，there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.(2013·陕西)
答案were→was
解析考查主谓一致。There be应该与其后主语a sudden pull在数上保持一致。
3．In early January this year，the rate of UFO reports were steady，around three per week.(2011·辽宁)
答案were→was
解析考查主谓一致。主语为the rate，为第三人称单数形式，故were改为was。
4．I couldn’t believe my luck—not only did I had my photo taken with him，but he signed his name on my shirt！(2011·陕西)
答案had→have
解析考查倒装句的谓语结构，“did＋主语＋动词原形”，故had应改为have。
5．Luckily I had all my money in my pocket，but the only clothes I had was those I had on.(2011·新课标全国)
答案was→were
解析考查主谓一致。该句谓语应该与主语the clothes一致，故was应改为were。
6．After we left，I said，“That was very nice of you，Mother.But I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.”“Neither did me，”said Mother cheerfully.(2010·浙江)
答案me→I
解析考查倒装句。“neither＋助动词＋主语”结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故me应改为I。应对策略2
遇到特殊句式，要注意主谓一致、强调句、倒装句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句等的构成特点。
◆书面表达中特殊句式易错点聚焦
在书面表达中适当引入特殊句式，可提高表达的层次，增强交际效果。但是学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：
1．主谓不一致
(误)Your friend and adviser have agreed to lend me some money.
(正)Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me some money.
(误)Many a scientist have sacrificed their lives for science.
(正)Many a scientist has sacrificed his life for science.
(误)Mr.Wang，together with his wife，have gone to Australia.
(正)Mr.Wang，together with his wife，has gone to Australia.
(误)Each of the boys have their own books.
(正)Each of the boys has his own books.
(误)The blind is not able to walk without sticks.
(正)The blind are not able to walk without sticks.
(误)Five years have passed since then.
(正)Five years has passed since then.
2．缺乏运用意识
语言输出时，多用正常语序的简单句、并列句等。而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。
(简单句堆积)I am Li Hua.I am chairman of the Student Union.I am from Chenguang High School. (同位语)I am Li Hua，chairman of the Student Union，from Chenguang High School.
(一般表达)I didn’t realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
(倒装句)Not until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school did I realize its importance.
(强调句)It was not until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school that I realized its importance.
3．运用中出现语法错误
(误)Only work hard can you achieve your goal.
(正)Only by working hard can you achieve your goal.
(误)There have some problems exist in our school.
(正)There exist some problems in our school.
(误)Only after the war learned he the sad news.
(正)Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
(误)It was at midnight when I got back home yesterday.
(正)It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
(正)It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．One day，he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did the next day.
答案so
解析句中did so替代的是上文同位语从句中的动词短语pluck up all of his crop a few inches。2．Film has a much shorter history，especially when (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.
答案compared
解析本句实际上是when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting的省略，省略掉主语及be动词。
3．Her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes .
答案to
解析句意为：她父母不让她去参加聚会，但她仍然希望去参加。此句为省略句，补充完整应为：...，but she still hopes to go to the party.。
4．with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.
答案Only
解析由can you expect to...可知，这是倒装句，根据倒装结构“only＋状语(with hard work)”可知应填副词only。
5．Not I caught sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down.
答案until
解析句意为：直到我在人群中看见我的老师我才平静下来。not until位于句首，句子要部分倒装。
6．Either you or the headmaster (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
答案is
解析谓语与the headmaster一致，故be用第三人称单数is。
7．The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.
答案was visiting
解析谓语与the teacher一致，又根据惯用句型结构was/were doing...when...可知，用过去进行时态。
8．Two fifths of the land in that district (be) covered with trees and grass.
答案is
解析谓语与the land一致，用单数。
9．With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth (wash) away each year.
答案are being washed
解析因quantities of作主语，谓语用复数；earth与wash之间是被动关系，需用被动式，指近些年或近阶段正在发生的事，用现在进行时。
10．He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of scholarship for three years.
答案has been
解析谓语应与the only one一致，又由for three years可知用完成时。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1．The singer and dancer are to attend our evening party.
答案dancer前加the或are→is
2．They each has an apple.
答案has→have
3．He joins the football team who is all famous footballers.
答案is→are
4．Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，are going to visit Beijing this summer.
答案are→is
5．As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing.
答案needs→need
6．Those who likes to sing can join us.
答案likes→like
7．So loudly he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
答案he前加did
8．If you don’t go there tomorrow，neither does Tom.
答案does→will
9．Hard although he tried，he was unable to make much progress.
答案although→as/though
10．I can’t swim and so can Kate.
答案so→neither
Ⅲ.语法填空
A
Dealing with homeless families 1.is(be) one part of my job.It was from a single mother 2.that the very first call I had was.She was weeping.Not until I promised to help her 3.did she stop weeping.After being told that she had got into a terrible car accident，I learned that accident made her lose her job.Fell behind with her rent 4.and she was being forced to leave her apartment.She had to pay for the rent.5.If not，nowhere could she and her two children go.
Having explained the situation，she stopped，saying，“I’m so sorry！Thank you for letting me tell my story.I’ve tried every shelter and church organization in the area but no one 6.does listen or care.”
7．What an unfortunate thing！At that time there being no openings for family housing，I took her number down and told her I’d call her right https://www.doczj.com/doc/9c4710532.html,ter，hardly 8.had I found an opening for a family in a shelter in her area when I called her back.She was shocked when 9.answering(answer) my call.She said，“Never 10.did I really expect you to call me back.”I gave her the good news and she started weeping again.But this time they were tears of happiness and hope.
B
Waitress：Yes，Sir.You called?
Customer：Yes，I wonder if you could bring me one 11.more(many) bottle of beer.
Waitress：I 12.certainly(certain) can.May I ask who you are waiting for?
Customer：Well，my grandson is supposed 13.to meet (meet) me in London at the airport.Do you think he’ll be able to find me?
Waitress：I’m sure he will.You don’t have to worry about that.Are you going to be visiting him? Customer：Yes.I’ve never seen my grandson.I wish I 14.had seen(see) him! In that case，I can recognize him easily.
Waitress：I think you’ll have a wonderful time in London,15.which is very beautiful.Is this your first time abroad?
Customer：No，I saw quite a bit of Europe before，Rome，Berlin，places like that，but I’ve never been to Paris.If I had the chance next year，I 16.would visit (visit) Paris.
Waitress：Oh，then you have flown before too?
Customer：No，that 17.was (be) during the Second World War and I went to Europe on a large ship carrying soldiers.
Waitress：Things are quite 18.different(difference) in Europe nowadays.
Customer：I’m sure they are.I’m really 19.interested (interest) to get there.
Waitress：By 20.the way，will you be staying long?
Customer：It depends，but I plan to stay for at least five weeks.
Waitress：I think you’ll have a good time.I’ll go and get a beer for you.
文言文特殊句式专题练习(带答案)
文言文特殊句式专题练习 (一) 1、选出不属于判断句的一项( ) A、城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也 B、然而不王者，未之有也 C、无伤也，是乃仁术也 D、斯固百世之遇也 2、选出不属于被动句的一项( ) A、予犹记周公之被逮 B、洎牧以谗诛 C、以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚也 D、智勇多困于所溺 3、选出不属于宾语前置句的一项( ) A、能谤讥于市朝，闻寡人之耳者 B、闻道百，以为莫己若者 C、安在沛公能急人之困也 D、何由知吾可也 4、选出不属于定语后置句的一项( ) A、村中少年好事者驯养一虫 B、族秦者秦也，非天下也 C、石之铿然有声者 D、缙绅而能不易其志者 5、选出不属于状语后置句的一项( ) A、洞庭君安在哉 B、以勇气闻于诸候 C、青，取之于蓝 D、虽董之以严刑 6、选出不属于省略句的一项( ) A、今以钟磬置水中 B、吾从而师之 C、沛公居山东时 D、百姓之不见保 7、选出句式与其他三句不同的一项( ) A、何以能鼓乐也 B、不然，籍何以至此 C、长安君何以自托于赵 D、至于誓天断发，泣下沾襟，何其衰也 8、选出句式与其他三句不同的一项( ) A、秦城恐不可得，徒见欺 B、君既若见录，不久望君来 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
C、信而见疑，忠而被谤 D、兵挫地削，亡其六郡，身客死于秦 9、选出句式与其他三句不同的一项( ) A、一人之心，千万人之心也 B、此世所以不传也 C、夫水，智者乐也 D、四方之士来者，必庙礼之 10、选出句式与其他三句不同的一项( ) A、而诸侯敢救赵者 B、四海之大，有几人欤 C、而封之以膏腴之地 D、客有吹洞箫者 11、选出句式与其他三句不同的一项( ) A、既而得其尸于井 B、句读之不知 C、蜀道难，难于上青天 D、会于西河外渑池 12、选出句式与其他三句不同的一项( ) A、王语暴以好乐 B、以相如功大，拜为上卿 C、不如因而厚遇之，使归赵 D、先破秦入咸阳者王 13、选出对下列文言语句归类正确的一项( ) ①为大梁夷门监者②至于激于义理者不然③保民而王，莫之能御④忌不自信⑤见羽旄之美⑥则无望民之多于邻国也 ⑦未可以为信也⑧吾长见笑于大方之家⑨赵氏求救于齐⑩南冥者，天池也 A、①⑩/②⑤/③④/⑥⑧⑨/⑦ B、①⑦/②⑩/③④/⑤⑥/⑧⑨ C、①⑩/②⑧/③④/⑤/⑥⑨/⑦ C、①⑦/②⑤/③④/⑥⑧⑨/⑩ 14、选出对下列文言语句归类正确的一项( ) ①此乃臣效命之秋也②屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》③惟兄嫂是依 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
特殊句式专项检测 单句语法填空（共50小题，每小题2分，共100分） 1.［2017·天津］It was when I got back to my apartment__________I first came across my new neighbors. 2.［2017·浙江六月］Pahlsson screamed_________loudly that her daughter came running from the house. 3.［2016·全国Ⅱ］It could be anything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—but whatever it is, ___________(make)sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 4［2016·江苏］Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. 5.［2016·天津］You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists. 6.［2015·天津］Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home. 7.［2015·湖南］Only after talking to two students I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 8.［2015·湖南］It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 9.［2015·重庆］Bach died in1750,but it was not until the early19th century his musical gift was fully recognized. 10.［2015·湖南］Always(keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 11.［2015·北京］If(accept)for the job,you’ll be informed soon. 12.［2015·湖南］Video games can be a poor influence if(leave)in the wrong hands. 13［2014·湖南］Only when you can find peace in your heart you keep good relationships with others. 14.［2014·陕西］No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 15.［2014·福建］It was the culture,rather than the language,made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 16.［2014·湖南］It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy. 17.［2014·福建］The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,ever,reaching 30℃in summer. 18.［2014·重庆］—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,you? 19.［2014·北京］(observe)carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 20.［2013·新课标全国Ⅱ］It was only after he had read the papers Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. 21.［2013·天津］It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan. 22.［2013·江西］Only when he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again. 23［2013·福建］Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.
专题十一特殊句式 题组1 限时模拟 1.[2020安徽黄山一模,61]High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(高原) (lie)China’s "water tower" Sanjiangyuan. 2.[2020天津七校期中联考,19]Fear is one of the many enemies hidden inside us, and if (leave)uncontrolled, it can destroy our lives. 3.[2020山东潍坊期中,62]Evidence suggests that you can remove more germs(病菌)from your hands for this amount of time while (wash)your hands. 4.[2020黑龙江大庆实验中学开学考,65]It’s in th is magical world Miguel gets to discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. 5.[2020安徽江淮十校高三第一次联考,29]Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says there (be)two groups of possible explanations as to why we enjoy listening to sad music. One is from social psychology, and the other is from cognitive neuroscience(认知神经学). 6.[2020内蒙古奋斗中学高三考试,24]She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it two sharp knives. 7.[2020黑龙江哈尔滨六中考试,52]Not until he retired from teaching two years ago he consider having a holiday abroad. 8.[2019陕西商南县高级中学高三二模,69]It was he first set up private schools and received students from all walks of life without consideration of their social status. 9.[2019江苏南通高三模考,8]—What did she want to know, Tom? —She wondered when it was we could complete the experiment. 10.[2019江苏徐州第一中学高三检测, 19]Some of you may have finished the text. so, you can go on to the next. 11.[2019广东深圳耀华实验中学检测,15] (keep) a clear head when in danger and you’ll protect yourself from serious harm. 题组2 精选真题 1.[2018北京,8]In any unsafe situation, simply (press)the button and a highly trained agent will get you the help you need. 2.[2015湖南,31]Always (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 3.[2015北京,31]If (accept)for the job, you’ll be informed soon. 4.[2015湖南,24]Video games can be a poor influence if (leave) in the wrong hands. A专项语篇型填空(特殊句式) Only when Tom reached his home 1 he realize that he had left his keys in the office. 2 upset he was! He knew that the only way was to go back to the office to fetch his keys, though he hated 3 . Though 4 (live) near the office, he knew no one was in the office, 5 would it be convenient to call anyone for help at this time. 6 was on second thought that he decided to wander along the street to kill time, and 7 he did. At a bookshop, he came across a book. It was the very book 8 he had been looking for, one written by J.K. Rowling. He was crazy about Harry Potter series and 9 a great joy it was to
粤教版必修一至五文言文复习资料（特殊句式） 一、分析判断下列特殊句式的类型 1.恐年岁之不吾与：吾，宾语前置 2.肇锡余以嘉名：以嘉名，状语后置） 3.纫秋兰以（之）为佩: 省略句 4.誓天不相负：“相”代指刘兰芝，宾语前置 5.君既若见录：“见”代指刘兰芝，宾语前置 6.络绎如浮云：介词结构后置句 7.踯躅青骢马：主谓倒装，应为“青骢马踯躅” 8.仕宦于台阁：介词结构后置，应为“于台阁仕宦” 9.便复在旦夕：介词结构后置，应为“便在旦夕复” 10.为仲卿母所遣：“为……所……”表被动,被动句 11.同是被逼迫:被动句，“被”式 12.渐见愁煎迫:被动句，“见”式 13.出置南窗下：省略句,“南窗”前省略介词“于” 14.汝是大家子:判断句，“是”式 15.灭六国者六国也，非秦也: 判断句 16.族秦者秦也，非天下也: 判断句 17.一人之心，千万人之心也:判断句 18.朝歌夜弦，为秦宫人 :判断句 19.明星荧荧，开妆镜也 :判断句 20.输来其间: 被动句 21.函谷举 :被动句 22.秦人不暇自哀 :宾语前置 23.有不见者，三十六年: 定语后置 24.钉头磷磷 :定语后置 25.瓦缝参差 :定语后置 26.管弦呕哑 :定语后置
27.使负栋之柱，多于南亩之农夫 :介词结构后置（状语后置） 28.架梁之椽，多于机上之工女: 介词结构后置（状语后置） 29.钉头磷磷，多于在庾之粟粒: 介词结构后置（状语后置） 30.瓦缝参差，多于周身之帛缕 :介词结构后置（状语后置） 31.直栏横槛，多于九土之城郭 :介词结构后置（状语后置） 32.管弦呕哑，多于市人之言语 :介词结构后置（状语后置） 33.朝歌夜弦，为秦宫人: 介词结构后置（状语后置） 34.长桥卧波，未云何龙？复道行空，不霁何虹？:省略句 35.剽掠其人 :省略句 36.可怜焦土 :省略句 37.五步一楼，十步一阁 :省略句 38.游于赤壁之下:介词结构后置句 39.月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间:介词结构后置句 40.况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上:介词结构后置句 41. 寄蜉蝣于天地:介词结构后置句 42.托遗响于悲风:介词结构后置句 43. 相与枕藉乎舟中:介词结构后置句 44. 客有吹洞箫者:定语后置句 45. 何为其然也:宾语前置句 46. 而今安在哉？:宾语前置句 47. 而又何羡乎？:宾语前置句 48. 此非孟德之困于周郎者乎？:被动句 49. 是造物者之无尽藏也:判断句 50. 固一世之雄也:判断句 51.苟非吾之所有:判断句 52.项脊轩，旧南阁子也:判断句 53.妪，先大母婢也:判断句 54.又杂植兰桂竹木于庭:省略句（省主语“余”） 55.借书满架:省略句（省主语“余”） 56.吾儿，久不见若影: 省略句（省主语“吾”）
专题十特殊句式(倒装、强调和省略等) 基础巩固 Ⅰ.单句填空 1. (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 2.Only after talking to two students I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 3. (make) what you’re doing today important,because you’re trading a day of your life for it. 4.Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important. 5.“Never for a second,”the boy says,“I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.” 6.Every day (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. 7.(2017湖北荆州中学四次质检)Only then we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move. 8.(2017江苏南通全真模拟VI)It is required that under no circumstances we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty. 9.So sudden (be)the rain that people in the street all rushed in all directions to find a shelter. 10.Absurd it might sound,everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa. 11.A child, if actively (engage) in classroom activities, can be taught many things. 12.—Was Bill, who played basketball very well, helped the blind man cross the road? —Yes, of course. He is always ready to help others. 13.It is how you handle each challenge counts. 14.—I am learning the piano. How can I learn it well? —(mind)the traditional first before trying the modern. 15.The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city and there (stand) many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.
2014高考英语黄金易错点专题汇编专题08 形容词性从句 1.I Walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees. A. which B. when C. where D. that 2. The famous basketball star, __tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. Where B. When C. Which D. Who 3. I Can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and ex pressions but couldn’t write a good essay. A. Why B. Which C. as D. where 4.There were dirty marks on her trousers __ she had wiped her hands. A. Where B. Which C. When D. that 5. The joureny around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 6. Alec asked the policeman __ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom 7.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, __ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 8.I have many friend, __ some are business. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 9. The word “write ”has the same pronunciation __ the word “right” A. of B. as C. to D. from 10 Do you know the girl to __ your class teacher is talking? A. that B. whom C. who D. which
常见文言特殊句式例说 一、判断句 从表达的内容看，可分两种类型：“是非判断句”和“因果判断句”。 １．是非判断句对事物本身或肯定或否定，可分为三个系列： （1）“……者……也” 系列。这是文言文判断句最常见的格式，由此变化，就形成一个系列： 夫将者．，国之辅也．。（……者……也） 此谋攻之法也．。（……也） 百战百胜，非善之善者也 ．．。（……者也） 粟者．，民之所种。（……者……） 刘备天下果雄（……） （2）“乃”，“为”系列。文言判断句，又常用“乃”、“为”、“则”、“即”、“是”、“惟（维）”等来表示，构成又一个系列： 当立者乃．公子扶苏。 全国为．上，破国次之。 此则．岳阳楼之大观也。 神即．形也，形即．神也。 翩翩两骑来是．谁？ （3）副词系列。文言判断句，还常以“非”、“素”、“必”、“皆”、“诚”、“亦”等副词来表示，译时应把副词的原义译出并补上判断词。又构成另一个系列： 非．其父兄，即其子弟。 且相如素．贱人。 然安刘氏者，必．勃也。 此三子者，皆．布衣之士也。 此诚．危急存亡之秋也。 此亦．妄人也已矣。 ２．因果判断句对事物间的因果关系进行肯定或否定。“因果判断”表达的意思是“……是因为……”，或“……的原因是……”例如： 吾所以为此者．，以先国家之急而后私仇也．。 蟹六跪而二螯。非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者．，用心躁也．。 夫韩、魏灭亡，而安陵君以五十里之地存者．，徒以有先生在也．。 橘柚生于江南，而民（各地的人）皆甘之于口，味同也．（是因为人们对味道的感觉相同）。 从表现的形式看，可分三种类型：“一般判断句”，“简略判断句”和“特殊判断句”。 １．一般判断句指有判断标志的判断句，以上例子都是有判断标志的句子，不另举例。 ２．简略判断句简略判断句包括两类，一类是无任何上述标志的判断句，一类是省略主语的判断句。例如： 荀卿，赵人。 夫鲁，齐、晋之唇。 对曰：“［］忠之属也，可以一战。” 子曰：“［］非吾徒也！小子鸣鼓而攻之可也！” 3．特殊判断句这种句子具有判断句的形式，但主语和谓语间不是判断关系，不是同一类别或同一事
专题11 特殊句式 2018年高考题 1.【2018·天津】14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。 点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。 3.【2018·北京】8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 【答案】A 点睛：祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，用or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。 2017年高考题 【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B
特殊句式专题练习 一、初中英语特殊句式 1．It’s a long time ago ___________ I saw you last time. A．when B．since C．for D．that 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我上次见你是很久以前了。考察强调结构It is…that…，本句中it没有实际含义，做形式主语指代下文that从句内容，故选D。 考点：考查强调句型。 2．—I like to go to the English corner every Thursday afternoon. —______．It’s interesting. A．So am I B．So did I C．So do I D．Neither do I 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：句意：:-每个星期四的下午我喜欢去英语角。-我也是。那很有趣。根据句意可知，说话的两个人都喜欢去英语角，故这里应该用so的倒装结构。根据第一句话可知，这里没有be动词，且这个句子使用的是一般现在时，故可排除A和B；D选项表示否定的意思。所以选C。 考点：考查倒装句。 3．What do you think ______solve the problem? A．you can do B．can you do C．you can do to D．can you do to 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：你认为你能做什么来解决问题？do you think是插入语，后面要用陈述语气，to do不定式做目的状语。故选C。 考点：考查插入语的用法。 4．-We don’t like bread with butter. How about you Gina? -____________. A． I do neither B．I don’t, either C．No, I don’t D． I do, either 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我们不喜欢带有黄油的面包，吉娜，你呢？我也不喜欢。Either在否定句中表示也。结合句意，故选B 考点：考查副词的用法。
专题十一特殊句式 考点聚焦 一、强调句 陈述句型：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who... 一般疑问句式：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who... 疑问句式：特殊疑问词（被强调部分）is/was it that/who...? It is/was + not until...+that/who 使用助动词do/does/did强调 Eg:It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. It was him that/who we met at the school gate. Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket? Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out. Who was it that broke the window? What is it that you want me to do? It was not until ten ten o’clock that he went to bed. Do be careful! He does enjoy drawing. 二、倒装 1、全部倒装 方位名词、副词或介词短语位于句首 such位于句首 Eg:Here comes the train to Beijing. On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple.
Such was Albert Einstein. 2、部分倒装 1）only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句 Eg:Only in this way can we learn English well. Only after the war learned he the sad news. (×) Only after the war did he learn the sad news. (√) Only when did he return did we find out the truth. (×) Only when he returned did he find out the truth. (√) Only can he answer the question. (×) Only he can answer the question. (√) 2）表否定意义的副词和介词短语位于句首 Eg:Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person. At no time should you touch it or get it hurt. Not only do I enjoy less spare time, but I find myself even busier than before. Hardly had he begun to speak when his father. No sooner had she seen him than she smiled. 3）虚拟条件句中如果有were/had/should, 省略if时，were/had/should要提到主语之前。 Eg:Were they here now, they could help me. 4）as,though引导让步状语从句，要用倒装。 Eg:Tired as/though it seems, it is true. Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam. 5）so,neither,nor置于句首
宾语前置句 动词可以带宾语，介词也可以带宾语，在文言文中，宾语前置是有条件的。一、动词宾语前置 文言文中动词宾语前置，大致有以下四种种情况： （一）否定句中，代词作宾语。 否定句中动词的宾语如果是代词，这个代词宾语一般要放在动词的前面，这是古汉语特有的用法。 1、动词前面有“不”“未”“弗”“无”等否定副词的否定句。在这种否定句里，动词的宾语如果是代词，一般放在动词的前面 2、古之人不余欺也。（《石钟山记》）译文：“古时候的人没有欺骗我呀。” 这是个否定句。动词前面有否定副词“不”，代词宾语“余”，放在动词“欺”的前面。翻译的时候应该按现代汉语的顺序，即“古之人不欺余也”。 忌不自信。（《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》）译文：“邹忌不相信自己（比他漂亮）。” 这是个否定句。动词前面有否定副词“不”，代词宾语“自”，放在动词“信”的前面。翻译时应该按现代汉语的顺序，即“忌不信自”。 3、以否定性无定代词作主语的否定句。在这类否定句中，动词的宾语如果是代词一般也要放在动词的前面。 三岁贯汝，莫我肯顾。（《硕鼠》） 这是否定句。它的主语是“莫”“莫”是否定性无定代词。宾语“我”也是代词，现代汉语“莫我肯顾”应理解成“莫肯顾我”。 （二）疑问句中，代词作宾语，放在动词谓语前。在古代汉语里，使用频率大的疑问代词是“何”字，其他的还有“谁、孰、恶、安、焉、胡、奚、曷”等，它们作宾语时，也放在动词谓语前面。
①良问曰：“大王来何操？”（〈鸿门宴〉）译文：“张良问道：‘大王来时带什么了吗？’” 这是疑问句，“何”是疑问代词，它充当动词“操”的宾语，前置到“操”的前面。按现代汉语的顺序，应是“大王来操何？” ②沛公安在？（〈鸿门宴〉）译文：“沛公在哪里？” 这是疑问句，“哪里：是疑问代词，它是动词在“的”宾语，前置到“操“的前面。按现代汉语的顺序，应是“沛公在安？” （三）用“之”把宾语提到动词前，以加重语气。这种现象古汉语并不多见。如：句读之不知，惑之不解。（韩愈《师说》） 译文：“不懂得断句，不明白疑难问题……” 句中的“句读”，“惑”都是要强调的宾语，动词是“知”、“解”。“句读”、“惑”前置到动词前面。“之”是标志。 “句读之不知，惑之不解”即“不知句读，不解惑”。 （四）用“是”把宾语提到动词前，以加重语气。 ①君亡之不恤，而群臣是忧，惠之至也。（《左传?僖公十五年》） 译文：“君王不忧虑自己流亡在外，却担心臣子们，真是仁惠到极点。” 句中“亡”，“群臣”分别是“恤”，“忧”的宾语，“是”“之”都是宾语前置的标志。 ①无乃尔是过与？（《季氏将伐颛臾》）译文：“该不会要责备你吧？” 句中“尔”作“过”的宾语，借“是”把宾语前置，以示强调，即“过尔”，“过”在这里是“指责，责备”的意思。 像成语“唯利是图”，“惟命是从”，“惟你是问”“唯才是举”“惟马首是瞻”等等，就是这种格式，其中“惟”译成“只”“只是”或“专”“一定”等，而“是”
[演练提升] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It was he ________ took him to the hospital. 2．Ask her if it is a convenient time.If________，can she suggest another time? 3．It was during this time ________ he loaned a book titled Structure and Function in Primiti v e Society. 4．Keep it in mind，________gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it. 5．So memorable________(be)our time in England that I will treasure it forever. 6．In hospital，when________(tell)she would never sing again，she couldn't believe it. 答案 1.who/that 2.not 3.that 4.and 5.is 6.told Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2018·全国名校大联考)It was him who showed me how to smile through the rough times.________ 2．(2018·四川成都二次诊断)It was just then when I began to worry about my safety.________ 3．(2018·陕西全真模拟)In a word，success is important，and so does failure，because it's the mother of success. ________ 4．(2018·山东潍坊一模)My dear friends，don't afraid of problems，but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves.________ 5．(2018·湖南长郡中学等四校联考)There has a big library in our school.________ 6．(2018·湖南雅礼中学二次调研)That's all.Thank you.Some questions？________ 答案 1.him→he 2.when→that 3.does→is 4.don't后加be 5.has→is 6.Some→Any Ⅲ.语法填空 On receiving my learner's permit a couple of months ago, I started driving
课时训练54特殊句式 一、下列每个句子都有一处错误，请改正。 1．In no way he will give up his dream until he succeeds at last. 答案he will→will he 2．It is the best play I have ever seen, and never before had I seen a film of so high quality. 答案had→have 3．West of our city lie a very old temple with a very touching story. 答案lie→lies 4．Not only I am interested in fishing, but I become a member of a club to improve my skills. 答案I am→am I 5．Not until I went through his paper I found what rapid progress he had made in writing. 答案I found→did I find 二、补充下列反意疑问句。 1．Tom doesn't have an English dictionary, ________ ________？ 答案does he 2．You and I could hardly work together, ________ ________？ 答案could we 3．It can't have snowed last week, ________ ________？ 答案did it 4．It's the first time that he has been to Australia, ________ ________？ 答案isn't it
浅析古代汉语里的被动句 【摘要】：被动句是古代汉语语法中的一种特殊句式。依据有无形式标记，古代汉语里的被动句可分为形式被动句和意念被动句两大类，而形式被动句又分为若干小类。文章通过对古代汉语被动句概念的界定，类型的探析，可以深化我们对古代汉语被动句的认识，进一步提高我们识别古代汉语被动句的能力。 【关键词】：被动句；概念；形式被动句；意念被动句 我这个题目为”浅析古代汉语里的被动句”。但由于自身学习能力有限，再加之查找的资料不充分，所以在这个题目下我只从两大方面谈谈自己对古代汉语被动句的认识。 一、被动句概念的界定 被动句是一种表述主语遭受情况的句子，句中主语全为动作的承受者而非动作的施动者。既表遭受，当然就不是自己乐意接受的，因此这种句子一般只表示受损失或者不希望出现的情况。 被动句出现较晚，王力先生《汉语史稿》中曾谓：”在远古汉语里，在结构形式上没有被动和主动的区别。直到甲骨文金文里也还是这种情况。真正的被动式在先秦是比较少见的，而且它的出现是春秋以后的事。”①然而唐钰明等作过统计，汉语被动句金文中13见，《左传》19见，《墨子》23见，《荀子》36见，《战国策》48见。可见，王力先生讲的金文里没有被动和主动区别的见解，是不够精确的。大量文献语言材料的考察和研究表明：被动句肇始于金文，继之不断发展，形式渐趋多样。 被动句包括广义和狭义两种: 狭义的被动句就是被动句式, 即由被动式充当全句(或分句) 谓语的句子。它指既包含一个表被动意义的动词又具有形式标志(如”于、为、为～所、见、被”等) 的类似于词组或短语性质的结构形式, 如”制于人、为天下笑、见欺于王、被尚书召问”等等。广义的被动句还包括意念被动句, 即只表达被动意义而无形式标志的句子。 被动式就是被动结构; 先有被动式, 后有被动句, 二者不是等同的, 属于不同的层次和平面。二者在表达”与主动相对的被动”这个意义上没有区别, 但只有被动式(被动结构) 作全句(或分句) 的谓语的句子才是被动句。有的句子虽然包含作定语的被动式和作宾语的被动式, 但不能算被动句, 如”然见将军之仇报, 而燕见陵之愧除矣。” (《史记·刺客列传》) 和”吾闻先即制人, 后即为人所制” (《史记·项羽本纪》) 二例句, 就不能算是被动句。被动式可以是句, 但不一定是句。 接下来，文章将对古代汉语被动句的类型做进一步探析。