Draft Resolution
Committee: Human Rights Council
Signatories: Angola Azerbaijan Canada Chile China Cuba Egypt France Gabon Germany Ghana India Indonesia Italy Madagascar Malaysia Pakistan Qatar Republic of Korea Saudi Arabia Slovakia Slovenia Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Zambia
Human Rights Council,
Deeply convinced that children’s rights, high on the list of essential human rights in the first international human rights agreement- the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, should be guaranteed globally to the largest extent,
Recognizing the ultimate importance of the Convention on the Rights of The Child (1989), Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention (1999), and the reports A World Fit for Children (2002) and The End of Child Labor-Within Reach (2006) and its role on the eradication of child labor,
Urging all countries to sign and ratify the above mentioned conventions and other instruments of the framework to prevent and abolish child labor,
Remembering the paramount contribution given by different cultures, religions and civilizations to the establishment of the legal framework against Child Labor and recognizing the need to interpret these legal instruments based in such diversity,
Taking into consideration that countries have different economical, social and cultural backgrounds and such difference influence policies and results in each state,
Aware noting also that universal education for children in a community based approach is the main form to achieve universal eradication of child labor,
Welcoming all regional initiatives to improve the current situation of children all around the world,
Bearing in mind noting with concern the deleterious effects of the recent financial crisis on the child labor problem,
Fully aware that widespread poverty is the main root of child labor,
To act under the guidance of United Nations, as well as the basis of the Universal Declaration of human rights, minimum age convention and the worst forms of child labor convention, etc,
A.Takes into consideration that countries have different economical, social, and cultural
backgrounds and may have different standards more suitable for the problems in their
own territory, the signatories of this working paper suggest that the resolution include a
clause reminding the paramount role of national response to child labor and the respect
for states sovereignty;
B.Advocates the creation of specific minimum working age standards instead of a
universal one;
C.Proposes to divide countries in different categories and international organizations
should play a more important role to supervise the child labor issue world wide; And the
Minimum Age Convention No;138 which was adopted in 1973 should also be taken as
reference;
D.Decides to make different standards accordingly to the different forms of child labor;
For the worst forms of child labor, as mentioned in the Convention No;182, we should
set the age standard as is the adult’s age according to the nation’s law; And then for the
less severe forms such as manufacturing and farming, Fully believing that the specific
ages various from different countries and regions, standard cannot only be the numbers,
however there is a common sense that the 20 year old can be the upper limit; And
combining the fact that the children( under 20 ) is overburdened by the heavy work,
there will be a objective definition of the child labor age;
E. Recommends establishing the definition formula :the work is fit for the child of the age
that widespread poverty is the main root of child labor and that the entire world faces one of its most intense economical crisis that may affect millions of children, the signatories recommended that the resolution should include clauses that draw attention of countries and international organizations to the current crisis’ impact on the issue of child labor: economy might have on fragile economies and as a consequence the risk of worsening the child labor problem, B.recommend that the most developed countries reiterate their commitment to international funds, financial aid and child labor abolition projects in order to avoid further deterioration on the conditions of children all over the world, especially on the least developed countries, C.further proclaim the necessity to maintain worldwide awareness programs against child labor and the fundamental role played by children's rights, D.calls upon all states to turn the commitments into concrete actions , gradually and effectively eliminating child labor that jeopardize the children physical mental and spiritual health, their education; 7. Insists that the elimination of child labor can’t be achieved without a proper financial help from developed countries, the signatories propose to set a new loan section called ―CLEOL‖(child labor elimination-oriented loan): A.The function of this section is to lend low-interest money to the countries suffering child labor, B.The fund should be run under the management of UNICEF and the supervision of UN supervising body; The money comes from developed countries donated by a certain proportion of its GDP annually, C.The amount of money one country can borrow from this loan should be directed connected with the country’s child labor elimination; What’s more, a certain proportion of the money one country borrow should be invested on education with the rest of the money being used by the country’s will, D.The reduction of child labor of a country will be measured by human right council’s annual report; 8. Decides to tackle poverty, and creating decent work for adults; 9. Recommends to support the Fund "Class of 2015: Education for All", in order to provide more children in poverty chances to continue their education; 10. Proclaims that strengthening the supervision on child labour using of the multi-national companies is more than necessary: A.recommend that the multi-national cooperations should comply to the domestic laws prudently, B.recommend that the third party organisations should take special investigation on the labour using status on multi-national cooperations, C.recommend governments to set up more effective and harsh laws and regulations to restrict the multi-national cooperations to use child labour, D.recommend to provide subsidies and tax cutting policies for the cooperations which eradicate the child labour using in their manufacture; 11. Decides to establish clear stipulations for countries giving out and receiving donations or programs stand by the comprehensive funding system, which are: A.emphasize countries giving their donations should have promised on non-violations on states sovereignty and obey related laws in the international society, B.emphasize countries receiving donations are those insufficient in facilities and economy and lacking of national law structures; 12. Proclaims the entities of supervisions on use of donations go to international organizations rather than local governments; child labor's conditions, safety standards and basic rights, the global union movement is calling for additional regulation of international trading laws as well as proper supervision on run of multinational corporations, including the following suggestions: A.set up the rules of world trade overseen and enforced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) should include some rules stipulating the banning of child labor, B.prohibit trafficking or sale of girls and women for sexual exploitation, sexual abuse or even transplantation of organs which inhumanly violate the basic rights of the victims are forbidden and deserves strict punishment, C.recommend organizations like ILO get more data and statistics in those ―hidden‖ areas such as domestic servants, on farms or with home-based out-workers on child labors, D.suggest media be given more inspective and supervisory legitimacy to do its job in revealing situations on trafficking, sexual exploitation and other illicit use of child labor which also can stimulate related departments to solve them under such public pressure, E.require that National laws or regulations or the competent authority shall prescribe the registers or other documents which shall be kept and made available by the employer; such registers or documents shall contain the names and ages or dates of birth, duly certified wherever possible, of persons whom he employs or who work for him and who are less than 18 years of age, F.call on campaigns on specific industries, G.recommend accounting for the fact that it's hard to take on the whole global economy, so just work industry by industry; People suffering in those industries can unit to make their voice heard to the employers of MNCs and improve working conditions or payments; 14. Proclaims that improvement in the educational system, such as universal education for all children, has considerably diminished the child labor in countries that adopted such policies, the Human Rights Council should highly encourage the adoption of such policies; Education of parents: A.Recognizes the principle that both parents have common responsibilities for the upbringing and development of the child, while change attitude of viewing towards gender; B.Requires that render appropriate assistance to parents and legal guardians in the performance of their child-rearing responsibilities and ensure the development of institutions, facilities and services for the care of children; C.Requests enhancement of parents’ specific training that will provide the poor with some working skills; In this way, the poor country can create advanced methods of operation, deploying human resources in a reasonable way, setting up efficient organization and enhancing management of work force of fixed number and therefore production efficiency of work force is increased; Education of the young 15. Recommends that primary education should be free, compulsory, well-resourced, relevant and nearby; In fact, it is much easier to monitor school attendance than to inspect factories and workshops; 16. Reiterates the right of accessing the equal education should be guaranteed for both boys and girls; 17. Encourages the development of different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, make them available and accessible to every child, and take appropriate measures such as the introduction of free education and offering financial assistance in case of need 18. Calls upon setting up special funds for education to be used mainly for assisting outlying and poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by minority ethnic groups in enforcing compulsory education there; 19. Recommends carrying out extensive social mobilization to play the roles of non-governmental organizations, communities, and the mass media under the guidance of UN and UNICEF to improve the education and medical training standard; 20. Advocates exchange programs on technology and social science between developed and developing countries, which can not only give the children in poor countries more and better opportunities to gain knowledge and training skills but also urge great power to send more volunteers and technology in the poor areas; 21. Decides to arm the children with consciousness of law and self-protection such as requiring education and paying so that they can defend themselves such as delivering their plea in the form of a petition to U;N; 22. Recommends providing programs aiming at equipping adults from countries, such as those in Africa, where children are traditionally regarded as the main economic source of the family, with practical skills for a particular job in order to get their own jobs to support the family in place of their children; 23. Calls for documenting and evaluating all government and non-government programmes that are aiming at preventing, reducing and eliminating economic exploitation and violence against children for their effectiveness, publicise the findings and establish a clear set of criteria for ―good practice‖; 24. Calls for special Education and training for females——girls and women A.strongly recommend the recognition of the rights of potential victims of sexual exploitation, such as but not limited to: B.recommend raising their ideological and moral standards of basic human rights; Especially the right to personal dignity facing with sexual exploitation, C.recommend setting up special school for training of females to help them become better educated and acquire more legal, moral and cultural awareness and working skills, D.proclaim the right to seek all kinds of counsel including demonstration and mental compensations as seen fit in national law, E.proclaim the right to pursue information and justified approach to protect their own legal rights; Education of the public 25. Aims at reaching a broad social consensus among people in which everyone: A.raise awareness of hazardous situation of child labor and form an atmosphere of public supervision and report to help the media protect fighting for the rights of child labor, B.pay more attention to the rights of child labor in order to help protect and guarantee them, C.enhance sense of law and concept of rule by law, D.Emphasize the need for negotiation of gender equality in the basic infrastructural building by promoting initiatives in conflict resolutions, as well as to implement mechanisms on peace agreements; 26. Recommends proposing mutual-beneficial programs, in which the developed countries will have the advantage of employing elites from all over the world working for them, and the developing countries can improve both the quality of their compulsory education and their citizens: A.recommend launching the program is called OEP(Overseas Education Project);The developed countries are supposed to come to the aid since the elementary education in the Third World; The aids shall cover the aspects of exchanging students and teachers, infrastructure and teaching methods; In high schools or universities, those countries will choose their best students to have further studies in the developed countries; They may stay abroad or return to their motherlands after graduation; 27. Requests handle of large scale of desolation caused by child labor by utilizing the following methods for rehabilitation and social integration: A.create and support medical facilities available for testing on sexually transmitted diseases and surgeries accidental injuries in working in the form of temporary short term emergency clinics for fast and immediate victims services, B.add training in judiciary, police, religious leaders on repercussions of trafficking and sale children for sexual services and how to assist victims, C.develop incentives for attorneys to defend victims of trafficking and child labor, D.demand repercussions and disciplinary acts for those who commit trafficking and child labor, E.support economic livelihood for victims such as primary technological training and support empowerment of females such as to create easily outreach programs in order to create a safe environment for victims to report and recover form sufferings; 28. Welcomes the establishment of an international oversight mechanism which focus on: A.recommend the assessment and supervision of the behavior of multinational corporations with the report launching to public to discourage them from abusing child labor, B.call for the oversight of financial flow of international aiding funds to ensure that the funds could be used properly and effectively; 29. Urges the collaboration of international society in the mechanism with the following objects achieved: A.recommend a Coordinating Committee, including ILO and UNICEF, could be set up to coordinate the oversight work in the mechanism;, B.recommend strengthening the leading role of the UN should be guaranteed as UN provides the general standards and practical paradigm; Special inspectors would be sent by UN to different regions to deliver periodic feedback reports; 30. Further recommends ratifying and implementing ILO Convention n; 138 on the minimum age of work and the ILO Convention n; 182 on the worst forms of child labor; 31. Further proclaims the importance to ensure that national legislation is harmonised with international child labour standards, articulate mandates and measures for their full implementation, monitor law enforcement especially with regard to the elimination of the worst forms of child labour (as per ILO 182) –provide for periodic progress reporting and make findings available to the public in general; 32. Decides to develop comprehensive training programs for the judiciary on child sensitive approaches to handling childr en’s complaints and testimonies; 33. Welcomes the establishment of an international oversight mechanism which focus on: carry out assessment and supervision of the behavior of multinational corporations with the report launching to public to discourage them from abusing child labor: A.establish monitoring of the enforcement of domestic laws and international conventions, B.establish the oversight of financial flow of international aiding funds to ensure that the funds could be used properly and effectively; 34. Urges the collaboration of international society in the mechanism with the following objects achieved: A.recommend a Coordinating Mechanism, connecting ILO and UNICEF, plus the international non-governmental organization, could be set up to coordinate the oversight work in the mechanism, B.recommend the leading role of the UN should be guaranteed as UN provides the general standards and practical paradigm, special inspectors would be sent by UN to different regions to deliver periodic feedback reports, C.recommend NGOs act as important supplement, and they should also conduct specific assessment and supervision and submit their reports to make up the part that may be neglected; 35. Decides to act the following measures to strengthen Border Surveillance: A.develop and implement common tools and applications for border surveillance at EU level: B.research and development to improve the performance of surveillance tools, https://www.doczj.com/doc/9917338905.html,mon application of surveillance tools, https://www.doczj.com/doc/9917338905.html,mon pre-frontier intelligence picture; 36. Recommends interlinking and streamlining existing surveillance systems and mechanisms at Member States level: A.provide the essential border surveillance infrastructure at national level, B.set up communication network between the national coordination centres, C.support to neighbouring third countries for the setting up of border surveillance infrastructure; 37. Recommends establishing creation of a common monitoring and information sharing environment for the EU maritime domain: A.set up integrated network of reporting and surveillance systems for border control and internal, B.set up security purposes covering the Mediterranean Sea, the southern Atlantic Ocean and the Black Sea, C.set up integrated network of reporting and surveillance systems for the whole EU maritime domain; 38. Decides to establish a coordinating body to monitor trends and the impact of violence on children and handle/monitor complaints from children victims of violence in the workplace; 39. Decides to improve research methodology and involve children to reveal all hidden forms of violence against children in the work place, especially in domestic work, on family farms and enterprises and in the tourist industry; 40. Decides to document and evaluate all government and non-government programmes that are aiming at preventing, reducing and eliminating economic exploitation and violence against children for their effectiveness, publicise the findings and establish a clear set of criteria for ―good practice‖; 41. Uses the Concluding Observations of the CRC Committee as benchmarks for performance and publish a ―barometer‖ report; 42. Decides to review national and regional child labour laws to address violence and sexual abuse in the workplace, including domestic child work; 43. Decides to take adequate legislative measures to ensure the explicit prohibition of sexual exploitation and abuse of children under criminal law; 44. Proclaims that child victims of sexual exploitation and abuse are not criminalized or penalized; 45. Implements appropriate policies and programmes for the prevention, recovery and social reintegration of child victims, in accordance with the Declaration and Agenda for Action and the Global Commitment adopted at the 1996 and 2001 World Congresses against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children; 46. Urges to carry out gender awareness campaigns to combat sexual exploitation; 47. Recommends carrying out policy responses to address the causes of child labour, paying particular attention to the situation of girls; 48. Decides to make immediate actions to tackle the worst forms of child labour; 49. Recommends paying greater attention to the education and skills training needs of adolescent girls - a key action point in tackling child labour and providing a pathway for girls to gain Decent Work as adults; 模拟联合国大会基本用语 开头： 1、请大会主席团成员和工作小组成员就位。 2、Distinguished delegates, now we’re going to have the roll call. Please raise you placard and answer ‘present!’（现在大会开始点名） 3、 There are [A] delegates present, the Simple Majority is [B], the two-thirds Majority is [C] and 20% of All is [D]. 名结束，本会场本分组会议共有[A]位代表出席，简单多数为[B]，2/3多数为[C]，20%数为[D]。 4、现在我宣布首届模拟联合国大会正式开会。 5、大会首先对叙利亚问题进行讨论，需要发言的国家请举牌。 6、现在请X国代表上台对本国立场进行2分钟的陈述。 （正式辩论）： 1、下面有请X国代表上台发言，时间60秒。 2、Now the Speakers’ List is open. Delegates, who want to be added in the Speakers’ Lis t, please raise your placards. 现在开启正式辩论发言名单，请希望被列入主发言名单的国家高举国家牌。注意点国家名时注意速度，以便主席助理记录 3让渡时间 3.1让渡给主席 The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time? 主席：谢谢X国代表，您还有__秒的发言时间。请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间？ 代表：让渡给主席。 The Chair: Thank you.(主席：谢谢) 3.2让渡给其他代表 The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time? 主席:谢谢X国代表，您还有__秒的发言时间。请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间？Delegate: I would like to yield my time to (India) 代表：让渡给印度代表 The Chair: Thank you. Delegate of India, now you have X seconds. 主席：谢谢。印度代表，现在您有X秒的发言时间。 3.3让渡给问题 The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time? 主席：谢谢X国代表，您还有__秒的发言时间。请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间？Delegate: I would like to yield my time to question. 代表：让渡给问题。 The Chair: Thank you. All those delegates who want to ask questions to X国, please raise your placards. 主席：谢谢。下面代表们可以就X国代表发言提问，希望提问的代表请举牌。 The Chair: Thank you, dear delegate. Your time is up. 主席：谢谢x国代表，您的发言时间结束。 1. Amendment 修正 2. Badge胸卡. 3. Deprive the right to rote 取消表决权 4. Chair主席 5. Close the debate 结束辩论 6. Director会议指导 7. Delegate 代表 8. Deputy 副代表 9. Head Delegate 代表团团长，领队 10. Faculty Advisor代表团指导 11. Delegation Bloc代表团. 12. Distribution 分发. 13. Document officer 文件分发.人员 14. Drafting committee 起草委员会 15. Draft Resolution 决议草案 16. Draw lots 抽签 17. Elect by an absolute (a simple) majority 以绝对（简单）多数选出 18. Emergency meeting 紧急会议 19. Enjoy privileges 享受特权 20. Entry into force 开始生效 21. Executive secretary 执行秘书 22. Exercise the right of vote .行使表决权 23. Expert 专家 24. Explain one’s rote 对所.投的票加以说明 25. Extend the term of office 延长任期 26. Extraordinary session 特别会议 27. Fill a vacancy 补缺 28. Final report 最后报告 29. First ballot 第一次投票表决 30. First priority 最优先项目 31. Fix the timetable of the settings 安排各次会议的时间表 32. Foot-note 脚注 33. Gallery 旁听席 34. General committee 总务.委员会 35. General debate 一般性辩论 36. Geographical distribution 按地域分配 37. Give a ruling 作出裁定 38. Give a warning 警告. 39. Give up one’s turn to speak in favour of 把自己的发言机会让给 40. Give up the office t.o chairman 放弃主席的职务 41. Go back upon a vote 重新表决. 42. Governing body 执行机构 43. Hand over the Chair to the Vice-chairman 让副主席担任主席. 44. Have priority 有优先权 Distinguisheddelegates, ladies and gentlemen, thanks for giving me the privilege to be the firs t speaker. I cannot begin today’s speech without reflecting on the criminal challenge so brutally thrown in our faces 28 days ago and on the severe threat of the Kilo virus to Germany and to the whole world. 尊敬的代表，女士们先生们，非常感谢得此机会成为第一位讲者。在开始今天的讲话之前，我无法不回想起28天前我们所遭遇的暴行，更不得不香气Kilo 病毒对德国乃至对全世界的严重威胁。 Today, 1167 Germans are dead or dying; infected people are estimated to be more than half a million. Today, the whole Germany has fallen into the desperation of fighting against the virus. Today is the 28th day after the Braunschweig crisis. 今天，1167为德国公民丧命或病危，染病人数预估超过超过50万。 今天，全德国已经陷入对抗疾病的境遇。 今天，是布伦瑞克遇袭的28天之后。 Twenty-eight days ago, more than 500 terrorists attacked Brauschweig. 37 policemen and 51 citizens died in this riot; thousands of people were wounded; buildings were burnt down; and the city was packed with tears, sadness and sorrows. Thanks to the brave men and women, it was their dedication and sacrifices that defended against the attack and protected the city. However, the situation became even worse after the attack.On that day, the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research also fell into ruins. Important experiments were disturbed and valuable documents were damaged. In the center, one of the most significant experiments was to modify the RNA sequence of the Kilo virus, which was designed to produce the vaccine. Nevertheless, our first experiment failed. What we got was merely a virus with longer incubation (5 days) and more aggressive behaviors of the patients. What’s worse, receptors of the new Kilo virus, namely 3 chimpanzees, which were supposed to be killed on the crisis day, disappeared in the fire. 35% of the research materials were burnt.It was believed that it was these chimpanzees that spread the virus to wounded citizens via blood. Since the Kilo carrier behaved absolutely normal during the incubation period, it was too late when we realized the situation and took corresponding measures. 28天前，逾500名恐怖分子袭击了布伦瑞克，37名警员及51位市民在暴动中丧命，数千名民众受伤，建筑物被烧毁：整个城市都充斥着泪水与悲伤。感谢英勇的人们，是你们的风险与牺牲守护了城市地月利息及。然而，袭击之后，情况仍旧愈演愈烈。在恐怖袭击当天，亥姆霍兹感染研究中心也沦为一片废墟：重要试验被迫打断，珍贵文书遭到摧毁。而该中心最为重要的一个实验则是通过修改Kilo病毒的RNA序列研制相应疫苗。然而，初次实验以失败告终。改变序列后的病毒只是潜伏期变为5天，患者发病后会变得更为残暴。更可怕的是，变异Kilo 病毒的接种实验体，也就是三只猩猩，原本应在布伦瑞克遇袭当天被处理掉，但却在大火中失去踪迹。不仅如此，研究文件仅剩65%。据悉，三只猩猩很可能是病毒传染源，通过血液传染给受伤的市民。由于Kilo病毒的携带者在潜伏期表现得与常人无异，当我们意识到形势之严峻时，采取相应举措为时已晚。 模拟联合国重要词汇（部分含中英对照） 代表，delegate ; 代表团，delegation ; 委员会，committee ; 演讲，public speaking ; 辩论，debate ; 协商，negotiation ; 合作，collaboration ; 正式辩论，formal debate ; 非正式辩论，informal debate ; 简单多数，simple majority 三分之二多数，Two-thirds majority 主席团，Members of the Dais ; 主席，Chair ; 会议指导，Director ； 主席助理，Rapporteur ； 发言人名单，Speakers' list 流程规则，Rules of procedure 点名，Roll call 确定议题，Setting the agenda 让渡Yield Yield time to another delegate / comments / questions / the Chair 动议，Motion ; Motion to set speaking time(更改发言时间) /suspend the meeting(暂时中断正式辩论) /close debate （结束辩论） 问题，Point ； Point of order（组织性问题）/inquiry（咨询性问题）/ Personal privilege（个人特权） 有主持核心磋商，Moderated Caucus 自由磋商，Unmoderated Caucus 立场文件，Position paper ; 工作文件，working paper 决议草案，Resolution ； 修正案，Amendment ； 友好修正案，friendly amendment ; 非友好修正案，unfriendly amendment 游说，lobby ; 国家牌Placard; 起草国，Sponsors; 复议国，Signature 到场，Present ; 缺席，Absent 弃权，Abstain；赞成，Yes ; 反对，No 序言性条款开头动词的一些积极词汇 Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Bearing in mind Believing 模拟联合国立场文件 Revised by Jack on December 14,2020 立场文件立场文件的英文是 Position Paper，可定义为“表明一国在某一个问题上的基本观点和立场的文件”。立场文件反映了一个国家对特定话题的立场和解决建议，许多代表也会用立场文件作为大会中第一次发言的发言稿，由此可见其重要性。一篇立场文件只阐述对于一个议题的国家立场观点，如果一个委员会的议题有两个，那么就需要提交两份立场文件。一份立场文件的篇幅应尽量控制在一到两页。立场文件作用其他国家可以通过一国的立场文件来了解该国在这一议题上的基本立场，确定该国是否与自己的国家具有共同的目标和利益等等，这样便于各国协会协商和合作。也可以提醒本国代表自己的底线。立场文件同时也是会议开始阶段各国陈述观点的主要参照发言材料，但它并不是发言稿。立场文件的格式和要点 1）开头立场文件的开头应该包括以下部分：代表姓名（delegates）代表来自的学校（schools）国家（country）委员会（committee）议题（topic） 2）正文正文的内容一般安排如下：背景介绍：简要陈述议题。这一部分所占篇幅最小，只需简单概括该问题的历史，并提出讨论解决该问题的重要性即可。过去的行动：这部分包括联合国在该问题上的决议或行动及本国在该问题上已经作出的行动和决议等。本国的立场/政策/解决措施：这部分主要表明本国的立场，提供本国对于该问题的解决办法和措施，并提供理由等。 3）篇幅书写语言为中文，字体用宋体，5号字，单倍行距。篇幅尽量控制在一到两页左右。 4）充实内容前面介绍的正文内容安排只是一种参考。立场文件不是考试作文的八股文，其内容的安排顺序和文章结构都可以根据代表国的实际情况调整。还可以从以下很多方面充实立场文件的内容：对该国在这个议题上的立场的总体概括和对该国在此问题 ( 演讲稿 ) 单位：_________________________姓名：_________________________日期：_________________________ 精品文档 / Word文档 / 文字可改 模拟联合国发言稿范文 Model UN statement 模拟联合国发言稿范文 1.首先说你的国家或你所在的国家联盟是否支持中亚无核区的建立; 2.再简要追溯核武器对中亚各国经济、政治、文化、人权等的影响; 3.强调核武器对中亚乃至世界各国的潜在威胁; 4.最后再次重申自己的立场。 (建议:1.语言简洁、官方。2.多查背景资料，发言时尽量用资料上的语言。 3.把发言稿背下来，脱稿发言。 4.多练几次，把握好时间，不多不少。) 尊敬的主席， 各位女士们，先生们。 21世纪是知识经济时代，而知识产权是知识经济的支柱之一。为了使知识产权更好地为本国经济发展服务，一方面不断完善知识产权法律体系，另一方面不断提高服务质量，争取国内国际的知识产权政策都能限度地维护本国利益。 一是尽快完善知识产权法律体系，使它更能满足国家经济发展的需要。因为我国多为中小型企业，中小企业管理知识产权资产水平不足，企业内部未形成一套高效的管理体制，如未定期对知识产权资产进行规整，将对企业发展非常不利。 其次要尽快统一各国专利法，实施产权共享。但我建议进行分化统一。即在发展中国家中制定一个方案，在发达国家中指定一个方案，这样两类国家互不干扰。 再者是加强国际合作，在全球知识产权保护政策中争取自己的利益。我国在国际合作中的行动原则，是维持自己在国际上的声誉，加强我国作为中等知识产权国家的影响力，积极参与多边合作，争取利益。 立场文件 立场文件的英文是Position Paper，可定义为“表明一国在某一个问题上的基本观点和立场的文件”。立场文件反映了一个国家对特定话题的立场和解决建议，许多代表也会用立场文件作为大会中第一次发言的发言稿，由此可见其重要性。一篇立场文件只阐述对于一个议题的国家立场观点，如果一个委员会的议题有两个，那么就需要提交两份立场文件。一份立场文件的篇幅应尽量控制在一到两页。立场文件作用其他国家可以通过一国的立场文件来了解该国在这一议题上的基本立场，确定该国是否与自己的国家具有共同的目标和利益等等，这样便于各国协会协商和合作。也可以提醒本国代表自己的底线。立场文件同时也是会议开始阶段各国陈述观点的主要参照发言材料，但它并不是发言稿。立场文件的 格式和要点1）开头立场文件的开头应该包括以下部分：代表姓名（delegates） 代表来自的学校（schools）国家（country）委员会（committee）议题（topic）2）正文正文的内容一般安排如下：背景介绍：简要陈述议题。这一部分所占篇幅最小，只需简单概括该问题的历史，并提出讨论解决该问题的重要性即可。 过去的行动：这部分包括联合国在该问题上的决议或行动及本国在该问题上已经作出的 行动和决议等。本国的立场/政策/解决措施：这部分主要表明本国的立场，提供本国对于该问题的解决办法和措施，并提供理由等。3）篇幅书写语言为中文，字体用宋体，5号字，单倍行距。篇幅尽量控制在一到两页左右。4）充实内容前面介绍的正文内容安排只是一种参考。立场文件不是考试作文的八股文，其内容的安排顺序和文章结 构都可以根据代表国的实际情况调整。还可以从以下很多方面充实立场文件的内容： 对该国在这个议题上的立场的总体概括和对该国在此问题上的历史介绍该问题是怎样影响该国的该国在此问题上的政策和实施相关政策的理由 该国在此问题上签署的协议或批准的决议在此问题上别国的立场怎样影响该国 的立场国家领导在相关问题上发言的引言为支持该国在此问题上的对策的相关数据5）写作中需要注意的问题如非必要不需要陈述这个国家的详细信息（GDP、 人口、资源等）尽量使文体显得官方和正式，写作的时候再选词方面要特别注意 举出实例，而不是空讲政策和态度用脚注或尾注来表明所引用的资料（不强求） 立场文件作为会议要求的正式文件，在用词方面也有固定的要求。用词要求正式，避免口语化的表达。一般，立场文件都采用第三人称“中国认为（China thinks）、美国代表团相信（the US Delegation believes）”等等，而不用“你、我、他”。同时立场文件的表达应当简洁明了，尽量不要采用修辞、排比等过于文学的表达方式。由于篇幅有限，立场文件应该围绕议题和国家立场展开，确保每一句话都是为了表达国家立场服务。我们建议代表使用一个简明的架构来书写立场文件。你的工作不是把你所收集的大量信息填充到结构中，而是把你的观点、建议以及解决办法等等信息融合起来加以整理，使他们能够很好的融合到你的立场文件结构中，让你的立场文件更有建设性。一篇好的立场文件应包括以下几个方面：简要阐述议题，并说明代表国认为对这个议题对于其本国以及整个国际社会所具有的重要性。代表国所持有的立场、态度。可包括该国与此相关的国内事务及外交政策，以及过去在国际工作中所支持过的决议等等。对于联合国所采取过的主要措施代表国持怎样的态度。代表国对委员会的建议。可包括代表国认为有效可行的解决措施，以及国际社会应承当的角色。所以确切的说，立场文件更接近说明文，而不是一般认为的议论文或者辩论陈词。后者往往要求先明确表达观点（比如托福作文或GRE的Argument部分），然后旁征博引来证明观点的正确正当。但是立场文件的写作不是要通过具有冲击力的词汇说服阅读者，而是要通过合理引用客观资料说明问题，并在此基础上得出结论，更强调体现出一种分析的过程。换 模拟联合国大会优秀立 场文件范例 WEIHUA system office room 【WEIHUA 16H-WEIHUA WEIHUA8Q8- 模拟联合国大会优秀立场文件范例 (2011-09-07 17:31:53) 标签： 这是两篇很好的立场文件，大家可以参考~ ? ? 范文一 代表：陈卫杰 学校：向明中学 国家：马达加斯加共和国 委员会：联合国经济和社会发展理事会 议题：国际移民和城市发展 ? 现今，世界上很多国家都面对着国际移民与城市发展的问题。由于世界经济全球化，地缘政治发展，通讯技术革命，低价商业运输和人口结构变动等原因，国际移民的数量正在不断地增长中。国际移民很大程度上影响了各国城市发展，对目的国的城市经济、社会、环境、文化诸方面发展产生越来越显着的影响，有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。移徙与发展有着千丝万缕的联系，发展主导移徙，移徙反过来又影响发展。所以，如何使国际移民规范化，对城市发展起到积极作用，成了一个需要我们共同探讨的问题。 ? 联合国《国际移徙与发展》报告指出：“在最理想的情况下，移民可以使接受国、原籍国和移徙者本人都得到好处。向外移徙与许多人最终回归一样，对于振兴国家经济发挥了决定性的作用。”为达到这种最理想的情况，国际社会都做出了很大的努力。1946年通过的《世界人权宣言》和1990年通过的《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》为移徙者的人权保护奠定了基础。国际移民组织也通过与各国合作处理移民问题，确保移民有秩序地移居接收国。国际移徙问题全球委员会在2005年10月发布的报告中提出33条建议，旨在加强对国际移徙问题的国家、区域和全球治理。欧盟等区域集团提出了区域性倡议，有些国家制定了双边协定，来确保移民流动在有关国家互惠的情况下进行。 ? 作为一个非洲的发展中国家，马达加斯加在国际移民与城市发展问题上做出了巨大的努力。我们主张充分发挥移徙者与本地工人的互补性，促进接受国的经济。通过立法来消除种族歧视、歧视妇女、歧视移徙工人。必要时，我们创建特别移民区来保护文化多样性发展。同时，我们也设法克服与其他国家的分歧并改变外交政策的战略。 ? 马达加斯加政府提倡发达国家采取更加宽松的移民政策，这样一方面使得发展中国家可以通过侨汇增加本国的外汇收入，同时学习和引进发达国家先进的科学技术，另一方面也使得发达国家的劳工市场得到有效的补充。我们建议发达国家应该消除移民人数增加会导致目的国失业率增加的这一顾虑。在目的地国，多数不同背景的研究都表明，国际移徙的增加对总体工资水平和失业影响甚微。移徙者的职业分布与非移徙者迥异，也充分表明两者的互补性，而不是竞争性。我们也提倡发展中国家放宽投资移民的政策，这样可以实现较好的招商引资，加快目的国的城市经济发展。同时，也为发达国家拓宽全球市场提供了绝好的商机。我们同样不能忽视一个问题，无论是发达国家还是发展中国 会长亲自整理模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照 来源：北航模联的日志 1. Ame ndme nt 修正案 2. Badge 胸卡 3 Deprive the right to rote 取消表决权 4. Chair 主席 5. Close the debate 结束辩论 6. Director会议指导 7. Delegate 代表 8. Deputy 副代表 9. Head Delegate代表团团长，领队 10. Faculty Advisor 代表团指导 11. Delegation Bloc 代表团 12. Distributio n 分发 13. Document officer文件分发人员 14. Drafti ng committee 起草委员会 15. Draft Resolution 决议草案 16. Draw lots 抽签 17. Elect by an absolute (a simple) majority 以绝对(简单)多数选出 18. Emerge ncy meet ing 紧急会议 19. Enjoy privileges 享受特权 20. En try in to force 开始生效 21. Executive secretary 执行秘书 22. Exercise the right of vote 行使表决权 23. Expert 专家 24. Explain one ' rs)te对所投的票加以说明 25. Extend the term of office 延长任期 26. Extraordinary session 特另U会议 27. Fill a vacancy 补缺 决议草案 决议草案（Draft Resolution）是在一份或多份工作文件的基础上形成的包含对于所讨论议题的实质性解决方案与具体措施的书面提案。在会议中，决议草案的赞成票如果达到或超过全部有效票数的三分之二，即意味着决议草案得到通过而成为了正式的决议。在真正的联合国中，一些决议草案如果得到通过而成为了联合国决议，则意味着它有了法律效力和实际的约束力。因此，决议是一次联合国会议的最终成果，是各国对议题基本达成一致的体现。 在模拟联合国会议中，决议草案在会议指导审核通过后印发全场。在接下来的进程中，代表们要对决议草案进行深入地讨论。当有修改的必要时各国代表可以提出修正案予以修改。当有代表提出动议结束辩论并对决议草案进行投票时，如果此动议得到通过，即结束辩论程序而对决议草案进行唱名表决。如果决议草案的赞成票如果达到或超过全部有效票数的三分之二，即意味着决议草案得到通过而成为了正式的决议。反之，则意味着决议草案未获通过。 决议草案是模拟联合国会议中最重要的文件，决议草案的写作在语言、结构和内容等方面有着严格的要求。模拟联合国中的各位代表在撰写决议草案是应该严格遵守相关的要求和规范。决议草案的条款分为序言性条款 (Perambulatory Clauses)和行动性条款(Operative Clauses)两类： 在序言性条款中，每一条款要以动名词形式开头，动名次下加下划线，同时每一条款以逗号结束；在行动性条款中，每一条款要以动词第三人称单数开头，同时该动词应以斜体显示，每一条款以分号结束，最后一个条款以句号结束。 行动性条款是决议草案最重要的部分，决议草案行动性条款的语言也有如下一些特点：首先，每一条款都表达一个单独且完整的意思；其次，每一条款以动词第三人称单数开头，条款的主语是该委员会，如联合国安全理事会（UNSC）；再次，决议草案行动性条款的句型主要有两种，一种是“动词第三人称单数形式+由that引导的宾语从句”，另一种是“动词第三人称单数形式+国家+to do（动词不定式）”。 决议草案通常由一个或几个国家起草，并需要经过一定数量其他国家的签字认可，才可提交大会进行讨论。针对同一个议题，可以有由不同国家或国家集团提出的观点和立场不同的多份决议草案，最终采用全体投票的方式决定哪份决议草案最终成为决议，一份决议草案须在得到大会全体成员国2/3多数同意后方可通过。以下为一篇决议草案范例： 模联发言稿（一）亲爱的模联社团的老师们、亲爱同学们：谢谢朱老师和赵老师给我提供这样一个机会，让我跟学弟学妹们交流参加模联活动的一些心得和体会。一年前，我和你们一样，对模联是陌生的。模拟联合国是怎么回事，说简单了就是由学生扮演外交官代表不同国家的立场，出席联合国会议，探讨国际问题。模联活动说白了就是按部就班的流程，首先确定议题，各国写出立场文件，阐述立场，由此写出决议草案，再讨论决议草案通过不通过。关于模联详细的流程和规则，模联社团的老师在随后的培训中会给大家解释。我在这里不再展开。我想给大家交流的是我参加模联培训过程中的一些感受。我要告诉大家的第一点是一定要学好英语。我们学英语不只是为了在试卷上选 abc, 从而取得高分，如果只是这样的话，那我们花费大量的时间来学英语，岂不是太浪费了。在美国有一个着名的脱口秀演员叫黄西，曾经说过一个段子：儿子问他为什么要学中英文这两种语言，他对儿子讲，等你将来成为美国总统时，需要用英文来签署法律文件，用中文来和你的债权人沟通。（因为中国是美国最大的债权国）。这当然是一个笑话，可是今天，世界正在一体化，英语作为最发达国家的官方语言，作为联合国的主要工作语言，我们作为某国驻联合国代表要用英语来阐述自己的立场，签署文件，这就决定了英语学习对我们新世纪新新人类的意义。因此学英语要学活的英语，要练听、说、读、写，而模联社团就给你提供了这样一个平台和机会。我们作为英语的初学者，最重要的方法就是模仿，要反复跟着磁带模仿发音，模仿语音和语调，长期坚持，你会讲一口漂亮的英语，我希望每一个学弟学妹们都有机会站在联大的讲台上用漂亮的英文发言。第二点体会：克服困难，挑战自我。模联只是一个活动，是学有余力的同学锻炼自己的平台，它不可能代替小升初考试，代替中考和高考，因此不要带着功利的目标来模联。我希望同学们能有心理准备，模联训练是一个艰苦而长期的训练，你将要牺牲很多休息和娱乐的时间来读懂生词连篇的背景文件；用中文都很难写成的立场文件，需要你用英文写出来；你可能带稿子发言都会紧张、发抖，可能你经过一段时间的培训后，依旧会觉得很困难，甚至想退出。这时候一定要坚持，要顶住压力。支持我们坚持下去的动力是什么？通过模联活动，你的演讲能力，沟通交流的能力都会得到很大的提升，经过培训你会从发言紧张到在众人的注视下从容镇定。而这些能力是一个 leader 即领导者应当具备的基本素质。想一想在这个世界上还有很多儿童生活在贫困线下，还有很多人因肤色而被歧视，还有很多人生活在战争的阴影之下，学弟学妹们，你们想改变现状吗？你们想为世界变得更公平、美好、和平而贡献一份力量吗？你们想成为一个关注世界、影响世界的人吗？你们想成为一个领导者吗？那就来模联吧！今天你在模联的讲台上锻炼自己，明天就会站在真实联大的舞台上。我觉得有一句话说得很好：心有多大，舞台就有多大！希望学弟学妹们坚持不懈，通过长期培训，在模联活动中取得好成绩，展示我们河南省实验小学学生的风采。谢谢大家 ! 模联发言稿（二）尊敬的icu执行团队成员，尊敬的六校模联代表，各位来宾：下午好！首先，我谨代表东北师范大学代表团和东北师大模拟联合国协会，向吉林大学首届模拟联合国大会的成功举办表示热烈的祝贺！接下来，我想对于什么是模联这个问题说说我的想法，并愿与大家共勉。在我看来，模联是一个过程，它是一个让代表们开阔眼界、广交朋友、锻炼口才、训练思维和培养团队意识的过程，在会议期间，我看到了代表们在台上侃侃而谈，尽情的展示着自己的风采，不同立场之间的碰撞又在无形之中开阔了我们的视野，训练了我们快速反应的能力，但更让我看到了代表们在一起的团队合作精神，因为模联不仅仅需要有扞卫自己利益立场的勇气，更要有相互间合作和妥协的精神。而在合作和妥协之中，我们又结成了深厚的友谊，这实在是一举五得，而似乎也只有模联才能同时给予我们这些。 模拟联合国用语范例 Revised final draft November 26, 2020 立场文件格式P P 立场文件格式： 代表： （学校：） 国家： 部门：（，ECOSOC等） 议题： 正文：第一段对议题的概述。 第二段国际其他组织或以前出过什么决议等，采取过什么措施。 第三段自己国家的立场，观点，以及针对议题采取了什么措施，将要采取什么措施。 第四段希望与什么国家或组织合作，怎样合作，达到什么目的，并简短总结。 模拟联合国用语范例 1．主席团介绍 The Chair: Ladies and Gentlemen, My name is …, the Chair of today’s conference.（welcome）. I would like to introduce the secretariat’s member of the …commission. To my left, is the Director……To my right is the Rapporteur… 主席：各位代表，我是今天的会议主席××。欢迎大家参加大会，在此对诸位代表的到来表示衷心的欢迎。现在我将先介绍主席团成员。在我左边的是会议指导××，右边的是主席助理××。 The Director: I’m…, the Director of today’s conference. All the files, including working papers, draft resolutions, amendments will directly come to me and any other questions are welcome. 会议指导：大家好，我是今天会议的会议指导××。会议中的所有文件，包括工作文件、决议草案、修正案都应提交给我。同时也欢迎大家提问。 The Rapporteur: Good afternoon, I’m…, the Rapporteur of today’s conference. 主席助理：大家好，我是今天的主席助理××。 2．点名 Roll Call The Chair: Now the rapporteur will do the roll call. All delegates please raise your placard and say ‘present’ when your nation’s name is called. 主席：下面进行点名。被点到国家名的代表请举牌并答“到”。 The Rapporteur: Afghanistan. Delegate of Afghanistan: Present. The Rapporteur: Afghanistan is present. 主席助理：阿富汗。 阿富汗代表：到。 主席助理：阿富汗代表到场。 *点名结束之后，主席助理需要申明出席代表数目，是否符合召开会议的要求，简单多数、三分之二多数、百分之二十的代表数。并重申迟到的国家需要向主席团提交意象条，并随时更新相应代表数。 *正式辩论之前重申相应规则，如上台发言，正式辩论不可二次让渡时间等等。 A 弃权 Abstain 在一个关于实体性问题的投票中，代表除了可以选择“是”或者“否”，还可以选择“弃权”。这意味着此代表既不支持也不反对正在进行投票表决的决议。 During a vote on a substantive matter, a delegate may abstain rather than vote yes or no. This means that the delegate neither supports nor opposes the resolution on the go. 议程 Agenda 点名完毕后，委员会所设定的议题讨论顺序。 Agenda is the order of topics to be discussed in a conference, usually being set after the roll call. 修正案 Amendment 修正案是用来对正在讨论的决议草案提出修改意见的文件。修正案分为两种：友好修正案与非友好修正案。 Amendment is a form of document to amend a draft resolution. The two types of amendments are friendly amendment and unfriendly amendment. B 背景指导 Background Guide 背景指导是一份关于会议即将讨论议题的调研报告，一般由会议主席团撰写，并在会前分发给各国代表。 A background guide is a research report of topics on the conference written by the dais and distributed to the delegates before the conference. 约束力 Binding 约束力是指联合国决议对成员国具有法律效力。安理会决议和联合国国际法庭的判决是具有约束力的；而联合国大会和经社委员会的决议不具有约束力。 Binding is the legal force to impose UN resolutions on the Member States. Resolutions of Security Council and the Internaitonal Court of Justice are binding. Decisions made by the General Assembly and Economic and Social Council are non-binding. 国家集团 Bloc 一组处于同一地理区域或者就某一议题有类似观点的国家。组成国家集团的决定性因素是具有共同的国家利益。 A bloc is a group of countries within a same geographical region or holding similar country positions on a particular topic. The determining factor in forming a bloc is sharing the common national interests. 集团领导者 Bloc Leader 在一个国家集团中充当着领导者的代表。 A bloc leader is the delegate who plays the leading role in a bloc. C 磋商 Caucus 磋商是正式辩论过程中一种深入讨论议题的方式。磋商分为两种类型：有主持核心磋商和 Badge 胸卡 Deprive the right to vote 取消表决权 Close the debate 结束辩论 Director 会议指导 Deputy 副代表 Head delegate 代表团团长，领队 Head of delegation 代表团团长 Faculty advisor 代表团指导 Delegation bloc 代表团 Distribution 分发 Document officer 文件分发人员 Drafting committee 起草委员会 Draw lots 抽签 Elect by an absolute (a simple) majority 以绝对（简单）多数选出Enjoy privileges 享受特权 Entry into force 开始生效 Executive secretary 执行秘书 Exercise the right of vote 行使表决权 Explain one’s rote 对所投的票加以说明 Extend the term of office 延长任期 Extraodinary session 特别会议 Fill a vacancy 补缺 Final report 最后报告 First ballot 第一次投票表决 First priority 最优先项目 Fix the timetable of the settings 安排各次会议的时间表 Foot-note 脚注 Gallery 旁听席 General committee 总务委员会 General debate 一般性辩论 Geographical distribution 按地域分配 Give a ruling 作出裁定 Give up one’s turn to speak in favour of 把自己的发言机会让给Give up the office to chair man 放弃主席的职务 Go back upon a vote 重新表决 Governing body 执行机构 Hand over the chair to the vice-chairman 让副主席担任主席Have priority 有优先权 Have the initiative 有倡议权 Heading 标题 Honorary president 名誉主席（会长） Host country 东道国 I am authorized by my government 我受本国政府授权 I ask for the floor 我请求发言 模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照． 模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照会长亲自整理 北航模联的日志来源： 修正案1. Amendment .胸卡2. Badge 取消表决权Deprive the rote right to.3 ......................主席4. Chair 结束辩论the 5. Close debate 会议指导6. Director 代表7. Delegate 副代表8. Deputy 代表团团长，领队Delegate 9. Head 代表团指导10. Faculty Advisor .11. Delegation Bloc代表团 .12. Distribution 分发 人员文件分发officer 13. Document . 14. Drafting committee 起草委员会 15. Draft Resolution 决议草案 16. Draw lots 抽签 m17. Elect by an (a simple) absolute 以绝对（简单）多数选出ajority 紧急会议18. Emergency meeting 享受特权19. Enjoy privileges 开始生效20. Entry into force 执行秘书21. Executive secretary 行使表.vote the right of 22. Exercise 权 专家23. Expert Explain 投的票加以说rote one's 对所24. .明 延长任期the term of office 25. Extend 特别会议session 26. Extraordinary 补缺vacancy 27. Fill a 最后报告report 28. Final 第一次投票表决29. First ballot 最优先项目30. First priority settings the 31. Fix the timetable of 安排各次会议的时间表 脚注32. Foot-note练习联合国大会基本用语
模联常用词汇
模拟联合国大会中英对照发言稿,非常实用
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