雅思task 2 写作必背短语技能类（学生儿童员工消费者的技能）
1. 发展他们的技能
Develop /build/ boost /sharpen their skills Thinking and learning skills
Reading and writing skills
Foreign language skills
Creative skills
Artistic skills
Problem-solving skills
Social skills
Communication skills
Cooperation skills
Team-building skills
2. 提高他们的学术技能
Improve their academic skills
Broaden their knowledge about...
Can gain a better understanding of... Concept and principles
Improve their analytical skills
Boost their research skills
Develop logical thinking
Develop independent thinking
3. 获得实践经验
Gain practical experience
Lack practical experience
4. 形成良好的学习习惯
Develop good learning eating /reading /spending /driving/ habits Study more efficiently
5. 增强他们的独立性
Increase their independence
Become more independent
Become more independent and responsible
Become more independent and confident
Build their self-confidence
Damage their self-esteem
Build good family relationships
Build good relationships with their neighbours
Build understanding and trust
Build a successful career
Build an efficient workforce
6. 更有创意
Have more creative ideas
Think creatively
Express their feelings creatively
Have a talent for...
7. 与同学、同事密切地合作
Work closely with their classmates/colleagues Cooperate with their classmates
Cooperation skills
Team-building skills
Cooperation and sharing
Effective teamwork
Social skills
8. 提高他们的生活技能
Boost their life skills
Time-management skills
Money-management skills
Manage their time/tasks/money/budget well
Achieve a work-life balance
Achieve a work-family balance
9. 扩展他们的兴趣爱好
Broaden their interests
Broaden their knowledge and experience Improve their social skills
Develop their artistic skills
Take part in extra-curricular activities Expand their minds
Enrich their learning experience
Boost their team-building skills
10. 帮助他们为就业做好准备
Prepare them for employment
Provide them with job training
Have more job opportunities
Increase their employability
Compete for jobs in a global market
The knowledge-based economy
Prepare them for the job market
Prepare them for the future workforce
Prepare them for adult life
Upgrade their skills
Update their knowledge
Achieve career success
Computer skills
Achieve their career goals
Professional skills
The technology=driven economy
Reach their potential
Achieve their potential
Reach their goals
效率类（学生员工生活交通媒体经济的效率）1. 让学习变得高效
Make learning more efficient
Make working /shopping more efficient
Make communication and cooperation more efficient Make the workforce more efficient
Work/study/travel efficiently
Communicate and cooperate more efficiently
2. 提高他们的效率
Increase their efficiency/improve their efficiency Boost productivity
Boost farming productivity
Reduce their efficiency
Boost productivity
Boost economic growth
Boost tourism
Boost crop yield
3. 减少干扰，更好利用时间
Reduce distractions
Cause distractions for..
Concentrate on their studies/work/driving
Make the best use of their time
Lack self-control
4. 保持他们的动力
Keep them motivated
Increase their motivation
Lack motivation
Make them frustrated
Cause frustration
5. 让生活变得更方便更舒适
Make our lives more convenient and comfortable High-tech equipment
Time-saving equipment
Labour-saving equipment
Keep in touch with family and friends
Inventions and innovations
Scientific discoveries
Medical advances
Telecommunications networks
A piece of equipment
Some pieces of equipment
6. 让交通变得更高效
Make traffic more efficient
Reduce traffic jams
Control the number of cars
Reduce the volume of traffic
Improve traffic safety/improve road safety Reduce car accidents
in detail 详细地 in difficulties 处境 困难 in effect 实际上 雅思写作必背核心词组 发表时间：2008年7月11日 中国雅思网 at (the) best 充其量，至多 on bus in ess 因公，因事 in case 假如，以防（万一）免得 in any eve nt 无论如何 in no case 决不 in charge of 负责…，主管… in the face of 面对…，不顾… in common 共用，共有，共同 in favor of 有利于…，赞成…，支持… in con clusi on 最后，总之 in gen eral 通常，大体 上 on con diti on that 在…条件下 at heart 在内心，实质上 by accide nt 偶然 in con trast with/to 与…成对照 on acco unt of 因为…，由于… un der control 被控制住 in additi on to 除…之外 at all costs 不惜任何代 价 on (the/a n) average 平均，一般来说 at the cost of 以…为代价 on the basis of 根据…，在…的基础上 in the course of 在…过程中，在…期间 in any case 无论如何，总之 on earth 究竟，至U 底 in case of 假使…，万一 at all events 无论如何 by cha nee 偶然，碰巧 with the exception of 除…之?外 in connection with/to 关于… in honor of 为纪念…，向…表示敬意 in consequenee 因此，结果 at in tervals 不时，时时 in con seque nee of 由于…的缘故 at length 终于，最后，详细地 on the con trary 反之，正相反 at a loss 困惑，不知所措
【必背】常考的雅思词汇和短语 分类：个人日志阅读:(1176) 转载评论举报 60条通用优点: 1 offer a ｓｅｎsｅ of ｊｏb ｓａtisfａction and securiｔy 带来工作的满意感和安全感 ２lay a soｌid prｏfessｉoｎaｌ workｉｎg ｅxperience 积累扎实的工作经验 3 ｒeduce/cuｔ down ｅxpeｎｄitｕｒｅ削减支出 4iｎcrease/ｇｅnerate job opｐｏrtunities 创造就业机会 ５meｅt/saｔｉsfy pｅｒsｏnａliｚeｄｎeeds 满足人性化的需求 ６promｏｔe talｅnｔｉntrodｕｃｔｉon aｎd eｘchａｎｇe 促进人才的引进与交流 7keep ｓkiｌlｓ fresh ａnd up－to-daｔe 保证技术的不落伍 8beｔｔer／pｒomote/ｅｎhance/fuｒtｈer human resoｕrce dｅvelo ｐmeｎt 完善人力资源的发展 ９lay a soｌid ｆoｕndatiｏn ｆoｒ奠定坚实的基础 1０ pave the ｗay ｆor ｔhe fuｔｕｒe/dｅvelopmeｎt 为未来铺平了道路 11fｏster ａ senｓe of coｍpｅｔitｉon anｄｃooperaｔion 培养合作感与竞争感 12cｕltivate the spiｒiｔ of team wｏｒking 培养团队合作精神 1３ｍａster inｔerpersonal ｓｋills 掌握人及关系技巧 14wiｄen one’ｓ knowledge 拓宽知识面 15ｅnｒicｈone’ｓｓｏｃｉal aｎd ｌife experienｃe 丰富社会与人生经历 16ｅnlａrｇｅone’s view/broaｄeｎone’s horｉzon 拓宽视野
?前进类词组（论证好处） ? 1. benefit／profit from 从…..当中获益 ? 2. invest in 对…….投资（钱／时间） ? 3. promote the development of 促进……..的发展 ? 4. It is obvious/evident/apparent that 显而易见 ? 5. play a key/vital／crucial role in 在…..中起关键作用 ? 6. enrich one’s experience 丰富…..的生活 ?7. keep society safe and stable 保持社会稳定 ?8. relax their bodies and ease their minds 让人放松身心 ?9. have duty to do 有责任去做 ?10. afford/provide people entertainment and pleasure 给人们提供娱乐?11.create employment opportunities 创造就业机会 ?12. less time-consuming and more economical 让人省钱省时间 ?13. broaden one’s horizons 开阔人的眼界 ?14.fulfill one’s potential 发挥人的潜能 ?15. remove the barrier for 为….. 消除障碍 ?16.promote the cultural communication and interaction between…..and ….. 促进文化交流 ?17.curb the proliferation of 控制…..的扩散 ?18. raise people’s awareness(consciousness) of 提高人们的意识 ?19. has the inherent advantage of 有……的内在优势 ?20. A is an indispensable part of B A是b 不可或缺的一部分 ?21. enablesb to do sth让某人可以去做….. ?22. someone can utilize sth可以使用xxx ?23. sth is in the best interest of someone 做某事符合….的利益 ?24.contribute to 导致／推动 ?25.draw on 借鉴 ?26. get a clear perspective of 对……有更清晰的认识 ?倒退类（论证disadvantage) ? 1.live a stressful life 生活压力大 ? 2. lead to crimes 导致犯罪 ? 3.the competition is stiff竞争激烈 ? 4. avoid 避免 ? 5.suffer from 遭受 ? 6. stem from 源于 ?7. is a threat to 对…… 构成威胁 ?8. have detrimental influence upon 对……有坏的影响 ?9. be monotonous and unmotivating单调而且无法给人动力的 ?10.cope with/deal with 解决 ?11. spin out of control 失去控制 ?12. create tension and conflicts between 在xx和xx之间产生紧张和冲突?13. be overly dependent on 对某事过于依赖 ?14. stifle creativity 扼杀创造力 ?15.the population is booming 人口在激增
Lesson 1 Education（教育）某事是一个需要付出艰苦努力的过程有回报的梦想，追求（替代dream）集中精力于某事为某事物打下基础鼓励发散性思维依赖于直线性的思维；受到思维的局限打破常规学业表现学历标准化考试（统一试题并且没有标准答案的考试）有天赋的重复记忆，机械记忆熟记某种知识广泛地阅读导致考前突击缺乏对某科目的了解，对某科目的无知行为准则学生的自我管理自制力榜样为别人树立榜样达到某人的期望未能达到某人的期望未必一定会成功或者有效（在课程或科目中）覆盖了很广泛的领域（某人）爱好和经历都很广泛的广泛涉及某方面的知识学生可以自己控制进度的学习核心课程教育的目标学生在学业方面取得的成就专攻某个领域课外活动促进（学生之间的）平等压制个性男女合校的教育男女合校的教育各层次学习能力的学生在一起上课的班级区分人或事物之间的差异对他人和社会有负面影响的行为行为得体的青春期健康/积极的人生态度能够很好地适应社会生活的成年人辍学逃学成年双语的单一语种的学习或工作不努力，懈怠尽力去做某事不遵守纪律的学生不听话的学生调皮，不听话不遵守纪律或规定满足某种需求与某种需求一致，符合某种需求让某人了解到某方面的信息把理论运用到实践中去第一手经验，最直接的体验某人肩负着做某事的责任某种责任应该有某人承担某人逃避某种责任尽到责任不给某人在某方面的自由必修科目唤起某人对某事物的兴趣选修课程某人/某事物是无法替代的远程教育{1} 考虑各种不同需求之后的折中产物{2} 以牺牲某种因素为代价折中方案某人的良师益友同龄人悉心帮助缺乏经验的晚辈（为了突击完成某项任务而）学习或工作到深夜高强度地学习 Lesson 2 Work（工作）工作稳定性失业的工作满意度享有某种权利（从工作中获得的）成就感挫败感人才流失工作经验过重的工作负担劳动强度大的，劳动密集型的过于苛求的截止日期工作压力很大让员工感到舒服且能够自我实现价值的工作环境工作地点，工作单位工作时间长而报酬却很低休闲放松活动要求非常严格的工作合同敬业精神灵活的安排工作计划，工作的日程安排日常的惯例工作员工素质高的人手不够的有权使用某种工作或信息（人际关系里）导致小的摩擦出现冲突压力过大导致的疾病工作节奏从事某种职业可能带来的危害，职业风险从事某种职业容易患上的疾病，职业病很辛苦的任务体力工作脑力劳动负责某项工作（工作、学习等）态度不主动的工作非常积极主动的人工作能力的体现对（新环境等）感到不适应完全适应（某种环境）的丝毫不停歇地工作持续不停地工作把某人的注意力从某事物上吸引开把某人的思绪从……吸引开过着十分忙碌的生活忙于工作而无暇去做别的事情压力大而且耗费时间的工作很轻松的工作职业前景激励某人更加努力的事物努力工作或者学习的动力激励某人的追随者让同事或合作者之间的关系更加融洽“玻璃天花板”——组织女性进入高级管理层的无形障碍歧视某人 Lesson 3 People（人物）很自立的自给自足的依靠自身的努力成功的人，白手起家的人（在工作时）显示出主动性主动去做某事坚韧不拔的坚定的意志意志力守信一名正直、有责任感的公民坚持自己的原则务实的小资情调的、风花雪月的成为某一领域的标杆极为崇拜某人与某人见面一个极为多才多艺的人多才多艺的对艺术很难敏感的，有艺术才能的举世闻名的一夜成名的人或事物某人过去的成就现在仍在发挥其影响某人有大量的崇拜者和追随者一个有志向又有能力的人，很容易成功的人一位有才华的演员/女演员/运动员神通各行各业、有各种经历的人就住在你隔壁的人，邻居（英式口语中经常泛指“普通人”）从贫苦到富有的成功历程是某人非常关注的（社会）问题担忧，关注是只有少数人才有条件享受的（生活方式等）是绝对必需的（某种麻烦）是成名所带来的无可回避的问题之一Lesson 4 Traffic & Transport(交通与运输) 交通设施公路网容易发生交通堵塞的地方，“交通瓶颈”极为缓慢地行进是未经许可不得进入的区域（形容交通）十分拥堵的交通量交通密度，某一地区交通的拥挤程度拥挤不堪的工作地点离家很远，需要每天乘车上下班的人们汽油混合动力汽车（使用两种或以上的混合燃料）燃料消耗非常耗油的车不考虑后果的驾驶行为酒后驾车（酒精等）影响某人的驾驶能力安全抵达（局面或行动计划）复杂曲折每个人都可以随心所欲的，彻底混乱的组织良好的，有条理的位于十字路口开车时紧急刹车超速 Lesson 5 Food（食物）卫生厨具让人保持健康的营养（食品）让人发胖的（蔬菜、水果等）应季的（蔬菜、水果等）非应季的，不新鲜的食品供应冷冻食品罐装食品方便食品，经常是不爱下厨的电视迷的首选聚会时提供的少量饮食有益健康的饮食不健康的饮食或生活方式油腻的减少对某种食品或饮料的摄入摄入量吃垃圾食品上瘾的人碳酸饮料饮食习惯不正常的饮食习惯（如讨厌或过度贪吃）微量元素富含蛋白质的喜欢吃甜食是一个美食家让人垂涎欲滴的非常难吃的Lesson 6 Media 弹出式的网络广告电视上的广告时段得到密集的广告宣传密集的广告宣传活动黄金时段收视率聚精会神地盯着某物对某方面的信息十分了解的很扫兴让某人产生想去做某事的冲动已经被用滥的题材陈腐的题材政治、经济、社会等方面的时事媒体的炒作有新闻价值的事件占据
雅思写作必背300句 教育话题 家庭生活 现代科技 媒体 动物 环境、交通、资源 传统与发展变化 政府话题 平等 其他话题 教育话题 The uneducated person, on the other hand, is either unable to do something new, or does it badly. 相反地，一个未受过教育的人不是无法做好新事情，就是做得很糟。 Through systematic study in school, children can learn how to study, how to create and how to be a human being. 通过在学校的系统学习，孩子们都能学会如何学习、如何创造以及如何做人。 It is common for university students to share their dormitory rooms with another student, and at some universities this is required. 对于大学生来说，和另一个学生同住宿舍是很常见的事，而且在有些学校是明文规定的。 First, it is usually located on the campus and so it is very convenient for students to get to their classes, the library, and other university facilities. 首先，宿舍通常都在校园内，因此对学生来说，不论要去上课，去图书馆，还是要去使用校内其他设施都很方便。 This would allow me to make friends and get accustomed to school life without the distraction of having to worry about my daily needs. 这会让我有交友的机会，并且熟悉校园生活，不用因为一些日常所需而分心。 One reason that higher education should not be limited to good students is that not all secondary students study in equal circumstances. 高等教育不应该只限于给予好学生。原因之一是，并非所有的中学生都在平等的环境中学习。 Finally, a better educated population contributes to the growth and prosperity of a society as a whole. 最后，就整体而言，人们的教育程度越高越会促进社会的发展与繁荣。 Furthermore, by denying higher education to who do not make their marks in their secondary education, the country may be ignoring a future Einstein. 此外，国家如果不让高中成绩未达标准的学生受高等教育，可能会因此埋没了一个未来的爱因斯坦。 However, with their busy schedules, many students may not have the opportunity to exercise at home and so may become weaker. 然而，由于学业繁忙，许多学生在家里可能没有机会运动，因此身体可能会变得比较虚弱。 As fitness is such an important ingredient of success, I believe that schools should require students to engage in some physical activity every day. 由于健康是成功非常重要的因素之一，我认为学校应该要求学生每天做一些体能运动。
雅思小作文常用词汇与短语 1. 表示“主语” 01) 图表本身： table、 line(bar/pie) chart(graph/diagram) 02) 数据形式： figures、statistics、information 、data 03) It 形式主语、 There be 句型 2. 表示“上升”和“下降” 01) rise (to) 02) increase (to) 03) go up (to) 04) an upward trend (in) 05) fall (to) 06) decline (to) 07) drop (to) 08) a downward trend (in) 09) with a rise/drop(etc.) of … 10) surge from …to …猛增 11) be on the rise 12) be in decline 13) down??(幅度)from...(高)to...(低) 14) up—(幅度)from...(低)to...(高) 15) rise/increase/drop(etc.) further from...to.../to... 16) a rise/drop(etc.) of + 百分数 /数字 = a 百分数 /数字 rise/drop(etc.) 17) rise/drop(etc.) + 数字/百分数/倍数 = rise/drop(etc.) + a record of + 数字/百分数 3. 表示“平稳” 01) remain stable (at) 02) stay constant (at) 03) maintain the same level (at) 04) remain around that figure 05) reach a plateau到达(上升后的)平稳期 06) no change (in)
【Education】-1 Native Speakers在讨论教育话题时会频繁使用的短语&句型 1、sth. be an arduous process [W] 英语为第二语言的学习者倾向于使用的表达：sth. is an exhausting thing to do =sth. be a tiring process that requires a great deal of effort 【中文含义】某事是一个需要付出艰苦努力的过程 【实战例句】Attending a univers ity with a top-tier reputation often is an arduous but rewarding process.考入一所名牌大学通常是一次需要付出艰苦努力但回报也同样丰厚的过程。 2、be very rewarding [S][W] =making someone feel satisfied 【中文含义】有回报 【实战例句】Teaching can be a very rewarding career. It allows teachers to have an input in the development of young lives.教学是一项回报丰厚的事业。老师们可以在教学的过程中，用自己的努力去培育孩子们的成长。 3、someone's aspiration/pursuit [W][S] =someone'strong wish for achievement 【中文含义】梦想，追求（应试是替代dream的地道表达） 【实战例句】The educational aspirations/pursuit of rural youth tend to be different from those of students living elsewhere.相比其他地方的孩子，农村孩子在教育上的追求与渴望是大不相同的。 4、concentrate on sth. [W][S] =direct someone's thoughts or attention towards sth. 【中文含义】集中精力于某事 【实战例句】Some people think it is more effective to educate boys and girls in single-sex schools because they believe this environment reduces distractions and encourages pupils to concentrate on their studies.一些人认为在男校或女校教育孩子更为有效，因为单一性别的环境可以减少干扰并鼓励孩子们集中精力地学习。（Cambridge IELTS 8 例句） 5、form the basis of sth. [W] =provide the ideas or actions from which sth. can develop 【中文含义】为某事物打下基础 【实战例句】Traditional ways of teaching form the basis of the lesson.传统的教学方式构成授课的基础。（Cambridge IELTS 8 例句） 【Education】-2 Native Speakers在讨论[u]教育[/u]话题时会频繁使用的短语&句型 1、use lateral thinking [W]
General Knowledge 注意： 1. 作文要有实质内容。 2. 6分：260~270个词左右；6.5分：280个词以上。 3. 没有必要一定写长难句，但要提高句子的准确度和多样性。必须在对英语造句知识准确理解和把握的基础上流畅地写出复杂的长句子，而不是刻意、机械地拉长句子。（准确、严密、多样、清晰） 4. 对于零星出现的少量拼写错误，只要不引起歧义，是不会导致严重扣分的，但要努力减少作文里出现拼写错误的可能。 5. 考场里没有时间打草稿，但可以在印考题的试题纸上把看到题目后头脑里闪现出的ideas、考前准备的相关加分词汇和句型大致记录一下。 6. 当考官要求停笔时即使还没有写完也一定要停下来，否则会被判为违纪行为。 7. 考前练习一定要尽可能模拟实战：下载标准格式的答题纸；用铅笔写作，每行10~12个单词；严格控制时间，Task 1不应超过25 min，Task 2不应超过45 min。备考初期，可将Task 1和Task 2分开练习，但在考前一周内，必须演练完整的写作考试全程，严格控制时间，写完后再核对或请有经验的老师批改。 8.
如果Task 2准备得较为充分，有信心在40min写出一篇自己满意的议论文，那么就先完成Task 2。反之，就先写Task 1。 9. 齐头式：每段开头顶格写，每两段之间空一行 缩入式：每段开头后退3~4个字母的距离，每个段落之间不空行 10. 可使用I/we、被动语态，但不宜滥用；可将But/So放在句首 11. 7分或以上的作文对于用词的要求是准确，而不是冗长 ?Topics ?学术类写作的特殊要求 1. 不接受缩写形式 2. 不使用非正式口语表达 3. 英美拼写不能混淆 4. 用词要有特色 5. 句式不能过于短促 6. 句式不能过于干瘪 7. 感情色彩不能过于强烈
核心动词： 1.想，认为 think,hold,argue,concede,assert,deem,consider,believe,maitain, 2深思熟虑，仔细考虑 ponder,deliberate,meditate,comteplate,reflect 3.培养 cultivate,foster,nurture,nourish 4.加强，巩固 strengthen,sonsolidate,reinforce, 5.显示，表明 manifest, display,show,reveal,present,suggest,demonstrate,indicate,illustrate,re flect 6.确认，证实 verify, confirm, establish,affirm 7.断言，宣称 declare,claim,allege,assert,state 8.支持，维护,拥护 support,maitain,uphold,approve,advocate,champion 9.反对 oppose,be against,disagree,disapprove,object to 10.解决(问题，麻烦)
solve,tackle,combat,address,resovle,cope with,settle 11.导致，引发，引起 give rise to,trigger,spark,lead to,bring about,result in, 12.建议，提议 suggest,recommend,urge,propose,advise,put forward, 13.阻止，阻碍,限制 prevcnt, deter,jeopardize,restrain，confine (to),restrict,refrain,limit 14.影响 have effect on, affect,influence,have an impact on,sway 15.增长，发展，提高 increase,rise,develop,enhance,improve,advance,upgrade,raise,facilita te,boost,promote 16.下降，减少 decrease,decline,fall,drop,slump 17.实现，完成 fulfil,realize,achieve,accomplish,attain 18.提供，给予 supply,provide,perform…for,offer,yield 19.占。。。（百分比） take up,amount to,account for,reach 20．适应
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals 人们(Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount of= a large variety of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词）
11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词） 13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point o f view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…ad vances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副
雅思写作核心语料库 Part 1 1 offer a sense of job satisfaction and security 带来工作的满意感和安全感2lay a solid professional working experience 积累扎实的工作经验 3 reduce/cut down expenditure 削减支出 4increase/generate job opportunities 创造就业机会 6promote talent introduction and exchange 促进人才的引进与交流 7keep skills fresh and up-to-date 保证技术的不落伍 9lay a solid foundation for 奠定坚实的基础 10 pave the way for the future/development 为未来铺平了道路 11foster a sense of competition and cooperation 培养合作感与竞争感 12cultivate the spirit of team working 培养团队合作精神 13master interpersonal skills 掌握人及关系技巧 14widen one’s knowledge 拓宽知识面 15enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富社会与人生经历 16enlarge one’s view/broaden one’s horizon 拓宽视野 17realize the value of life 实现人生价值 18surmount /overcome / win over /master difficulties 克服困难 19grasp good communication skills 掌握人际交流技巧 20remove misunderstanding and discrimination 消除误解与歧视 21keep balance between work and family 保持事业与家庭的平衡 22raise the standard of living提高生活水平 25enrich people’s spiritual life 丰富人们的精神生活 26promote social skills and competence 提高社交技巧与能力 27strengthen the family ties促进家庭团结 28cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养强烈的责任感 29bring joys and comforts to sb带来愉悦与舒适 30usher in a brand-new life-style引入全新的生活方式 31relieve the pressure of 缓解压力 32maintain the community stability 保持社会的稳定
1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey) 忠于；遵守 2.be absent from…. 缺席，不在 3.absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4.be absorbed in 全神贯注于…[近义短语: be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on ] 5.(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6.to have an access (to) (不可数名词) 能接近,能进入,能了解信息 7.by accident(=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地,意外地 8.without accident(=safely) 安全地 9.of one’s own accord (=without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地,主动地 10.in accord with 与…一致. 11.out of one’s accord with 同…不一致 12.with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地 13.in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 14.on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益; 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责; 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 15.on account 赊账; 16.on account of 因为; 17.on no account不论什么原因也不; 18.of …account 有…重要性. 19.take…into account(=consider) 把...考虑进去 20.give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由) 21.account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 22.on account of (=because of) 由于,因为 23.on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 24.accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth.) ; 指控,控告 25.be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于 26.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉 27.act on 奉行,按照…行动; 28.act as 扮演; 29.act for 代理 30.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 31.adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 32.in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外) 33.adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 34.adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 35.adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 36.admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地. 37.in advance (=before in time) 预告, 事先. 38.to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 39.have an advantage over 胜过. 40.have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件
在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）
雅思写作必背的100个常用词汇 （附替换词）
1. 持某观点：claim contend, deem, reckon, assert, share the belief that 2.支持某观点: advocate maintain, vote for, side with, be in favor of 3.反对某观点: contradict criticize, be against, cast doubts on 4.合理的：justified sensible, feasible, convincing, persuasive, rational, practicable, logical, wise, sagacious, viable, preferable, advisable, appropriate, bear much analysis 5.好处：advantage benefit, merit, positive side, upside, boon, pros 6.弊端：disadvantage defect, demerit, negative side, downside, flaw, drawback, cons 7.肯定：undoubtedly indeed, undeniably, there is no denying that 8.不确定：be likely to potentially presumably 9.重要的：essential significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable 10.有益的：beneficial